Session 10-Economy and Trade
成绩单-重庆科技学院
0.5
87
3.7
Moral Cultivation Practice 2
Quality Education
0.25
Qualified
3
Visual FoxproProgramming
General Special
3
89
3.9
ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-2016 SEMESTER II
ACADEMIC SESSION 2014-2015 SEMESTER I
Fundamentals of Management
Liberal Arts Required
2
80
3
International Cargo Agent
Professional Elective
2
93
4.3
College French I
1
Good
3.3
Economics & English
Professional Required
3
64
1.4
Customs Operation
Professional Required
3
81
3.1
Office Automatic
General Special
2
89
3.9
An Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism Chinese Characteristics I
General Core
2
88
3.8
Econometrics
《商务英语阅读I》-课程教学大纲
《商务英语阅读I》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码：16133102课程名称：商务英语阅读I英文名称：Reading of Business English Literature I课程类别：专业方向课学时：32学分：2适用对象: 商务英语专业、英语专业（国际商务管理）、非英语专业考核方式：分散考试（笔试）先修课程：综合英语/大学英语二、课程简介本课程是外国语学院商务英语以及英语（国际商务与管理方向）本科学生的专业方向必修课，同时也作为向全校非英语专业学生开设的选修课。
本课程旨在帮助学生了解管理、财务、国际商务、营销等基本理论和常用术语，并同时提高学生的英语综合水平，特别是阅读商务材料的能力。
由于教学对象大多为今后的涉外人才，在本课程中融入社会主义思想政治教育尤其重要。
思政内容将特别体现在中外经济制度和商务实践的比较研读部分，教学过程中将着重介绍中国特色社会主义的经济制度和商务实践与西方完全市场经济和自由竞争条件下商务实践的重大区别。
通过案例探讨来说明共同富裕、协调发展优先于个别企业的利益导向原则，以彰显在党中央宏观调控下的社会主义特色市场经济对中国特殊国情的专适性和优越性。
This course is offered to Business English majors (with an International Business and Management orientation) as a compulsory course. It is also designed as an elective course for all students from specializations other than English. The course is intended to introduce the fundamental knowledge and nomenclature in management, finance, international business, marketing, etc.三、课程性质与教学目的通过对指定教材和教师所选材料的阅读、分析、探讨和讲介，在课程结束时，学生应熟练掌握常用的商务英语词汇和表达法，具备较强的商务英语阅读理解能力。
Stata学习笔记和国贸理论总结
Stata学习笔记一、认识数据（一）向stata中导入txt、csv格式得数据1．这两种数据可以用文本文档打开，新建记事本，然后将相应文档拖入记事本即可打开数据，复制2．按下stata中得edit按钮，右键选择paste special3．*、xls/*、xlsx数据仅能用Excel打开，不可用记事本打开，打开后会出现乱码，也不要保存，否则就恢复不了。
逗号分隔得数据常为csv数据。
闡贄鲜饩狈酾阑。
（二）网页数据网页上得表格只要能选中得，都能复制到excel中；网页数据得下载可以通过百度“国家数据”进行搜索、下载恒險谅枫諷为誣。
二、Do-file 与log文件打开stata后，第一步就要do-file，记录步骤与历史记录，方便日后查瞧。
Stata处理中保留得三种文件：原始数据(*、dta)，记录处理步骤(*、do)，以及处理得历史记录(*、smcl)。
鍥糶斷轻浆辆钓。
三、导入StataStata不识别带有中文得变量，如果导入得数据第一行有中文就没法导入。
但就是对于列来说不会出现这个问题，不分析即可（Stata不分析字符串，红色文本显示；被分析得数据，黑色显示）；第一行就是英文变量名，选择“Treat first row as variable names”馀紋锭箩谅绾纭。
在导入新数据得时候，需要清空原有数据，clear命令。
导入空格分隔数据：复制——Stata中选择edit按钮或输入相应命令——右键选择paste special——并选择，确定；导入Excel中数据，复制粘贴即可艰鍤悵铧恥郑顎。
；逗号分隔数据，选择paste special后点击comma，然后确定。
Stata数据格式为*、dta，导入后统一使用此格式。
四、基本操作（几个命令）（一）use auto，clear 。
在清空原有数据得同时，导入新得auto数据。
（二）browse 。
浏览数据。
（三）describe 与list。
查瞧数据，describe 与list 使用list命令能使我们根据自己得需要选择数据（例如其与in/if语句得结合使用）。
进出口贸易专业术语中英文对照
银行英语：出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping外汇倾销 exchange dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance oftrade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value offoreign trade 国际贸易值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇 most-favored nationtreatment-MFNT--------- 价格条件交货条件价格术语 trade term (price term) 运 费freight单价 price码头费wharfage总值 total value卸货费 landing charges金额 amount关税customsduty净价 net price印花税stampduty含佣价 priceincludingcommission 港口税回佣 return commission装运港 shipment折扣discount,allowance 卸货港 portofdischarge批发价 wholesale price 目的港 portofdestination零售价 retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格 spot price 出口许口证exportlicence期货价格 forward price现行价格（时价） current priceprevailingprice国际市场价格 world （International ）Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价） FOB-free on board 成本加运费价 （离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight portdue sshipment 租船charter （the交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter舱位shipping space 油轮tanker报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan.31st. 或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/ 二月份装船shipment duringJan./Feb. 或Jan./Feb. shipment在. （时间）分两批装船shipment during in two lots在. （时间）平均分两批装船shipment during in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30 天内装运shipments within30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permittedpartial shipment not unacceptable------- 交易磋商、合同签订订单indent booking电复cable reply递盘bid; bidding还盘counter offer发实盘offer firminquiry;enquiry交易磋商、合同签订指示性价格price indication 速复replyimmediately 参考价reference price 习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation交货deliveryS.S）轮船steamship（缩写装运、装船chartered订货；订购book;实盘firm offer递实盘bid firm发盘（发价）offer业务洽谈business discussion限** 复subject to reply **限* * 复到subject to reply reaching here有效期限time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同purchase contract 销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to sellers confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation--------- 贸易方式INT （拍卖auction）寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade（又叫：往返贸易）counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/ 专营权exclusive right独家经营/ 包销/ 代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent品质条件品质qualitysample原样original规格specifications sample复样duplicate说明descriptioncountersample对等样品标准standard typereference sample参考样品商品目录catalogue sample封样sealed 宣传小册pamphlet公差tolerance货号article No.assortment花色（搭配）样品sample 5%增减5% plusorminus不受约束without engagement 补偿贸易compensation trade累计佣金accumulative commission代表性样品representative sample大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality商检仲裁索赔claim 争议disputes罚金条款penalty 仲裁arbitration不可抗力force Majeure仲裁庭arbitraltribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书inspection certificate of quanlity重量检验证书inspection certificate of weight (quantity)** 商品检验局**commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书certificateinspection数量条件个数number 净重netweight容积capacity 毛作净gross for net体积volume 皮重tare 毛重gross weight溢短装条款more or less clause------------ 外汇外汇foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币foreign currency 法定升值revaluation汇率rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate国际收支balance of payments 硬通货hard currency直接标价direct quotation 软通货soft currency间接标价indirect quotation 金平价gold standard买入汇率buying rate 通货膨胀inflation卖出汇率selling rate 固定汇率fixed rate金本位制度gold 黄金输送点gold points铸币平价mint par 纸币制度paper money system国际货币基金internationalmonetaryfund黄金外汇储备gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限official upper and lower limits of fluctuation银行交易bank book/pass book 存折open an account 开户earn interest 赚取利息savings account 储蓄存款帐户current account 活期存款帐户check/cheque account 支票帐户annual interest rate 年利率monthly savings account 按月计息帐户daily interest account 按天计息帐户instant account 速成户头service charge 服务费/ 手续费signature card 签名卡draw/withdraw 提款order check/cheque 记名支票rubber check/cheque 空头支票blankcheck/cheque 空白支票exchange rate 汇率denomination=face value 面额four in hundred 四张一百元面额give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额bill 钞票change 零钱cash 现金password/code 密码amount in figures 小写金额amount in words 大写金额credit card 信用卡the balance of your bank account 帐户余额traveler ' s check/chque 旅行支票coin 硬币penny 便士nickel (美、加) 的五分硬币dime(美、加)的十分硬币unit 货币单位value/worth 面值ounce 盎司1/16 磅commercial/merchant bank 商业银行full refund 全额偿还extension 延期overdraw/overdraft 透支rebate 回扣payday 发薪日payslip/envelop 薪水单mortgage 抵押expense account 公款支付帐户 a princely sum(an excessive amount) 巨款apply for/grant a loan 申请/ 批准贷款debt 债务collateral 担保物fill out/in 填写chquebook/checkbook 支票簿loan 贷款joint account 联名帐户by installment 分期付款cashier 收银员teller 银行职员statement 对帐单money order 汇票accountant 会计 A.T.M 自动取款机M0) money in circulation 流通中的现金M1) narrow money 狭义货币M2) broad money 广义货币a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会deposit account 定期存款帐户Accounting system 会计系统China's "Big Four" commercial banks 中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost andfreightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红deadaccount 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery交货Disclosure 批露dividend ，bonusstock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者 F.P.A.(Freefrom Particular Average)F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees －for －tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically －modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern 会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨安险Owner's equity 所有者权益Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize ；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize ；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision －making by state －owned enterprises 提高企业自主权public relations department 公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the marketorder整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持restraint of trade贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return ofinvestment投资回报Return oninvestment投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk ofIntermixture and Contamination混杂、玷污险open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities经营活动order 订货Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Inquiry 询盘Risk of Rust 锈蚀险outstanding of deposits 存款余额Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加强govern 宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的bull market: 牛市，多头市场bear market : 熊市，空头市场股息，红利dividend or bonus stock 国民生产总值GNP (Gross NationalProduct)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP 产值output value 鼓励give incentive to 投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control 优化经济结构optimize the economicstructure输入活力bring vigor intosales terms and conditions 销售条件the first majorityshareholder第一大股改善经济环境improve economic environment整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution 试一下have a go （at sth.）精华、精粹、实质quintessence 家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted（excluded）实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式FORMs of distribution风险资金risk funds管理不善poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义\*\*\* 思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to thesocialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reFORM and opening.ReFORM is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
tradingeconomics指标解释 -回复
tradingeconomics指标解释-回复Trading Economics是一个提供经济数据和金融市场分析的平台。
该平台汇集了全球各个国家和地区的重要经济指标，包括GDP、通胀率、失业率、财政赤字、债务水平、国际贸易等。
这些指标是衡量一个国家经济运行状况和发展趋势的重要参考数据。
Trading Economics提供的经济指标对投资者、分析师、经济学家和政策制定者都非常重要。
通过这些指标，他们可以追踪和分析全球各个国家和地区的经济活动，预测经济发展趋势，制定有效的投资和政策决策。
首先，GDP是衡量一个国家经济总体规模和增长率的指标。
GDP的增长率可以提供一个国家经济增长的快慢和持续性的评估。
通过观察不同国家和地区的GDP数据，投资者和分析师可以了解到哪些地区的经济增长潜力更大，从而进行合理的投资分配。
同时，政府和经济学家也可以利用GDP数据来评估和制定经济政策，促进经济增长和发展。
其次，通胀率是衡量物价水平上涨的指标。
通胀率的水平和趋势对投资者和政策制定者来说都非常重要。
高通胀率可能会降低人们的购买力，影响消费和投资活动。
因此，对投资者来说，他们需要关注通胀率的变化，以便在投资决策中考虑通胀风险。
对政府和央行来说，他们需要通过货币政策来控制通胀率，以维持经济稳定和可持续增长。
失业率是衡量一个国家劳动力市场状况的指标。
失业率高低和趋势可以提供一个国家就业机会的状况和经济活动的健康程度。
对投资者来说，失业率的高水平可能意味着就业市场的竞争激烈，投资机会可能受限。
对政府来说，他们需要通过有效的就业政策来降低失业率，促进经济增长和社会稳定。
财政赤字是衡量一个国家财政状况是否健康的指标。
财政赤字的增加可能意味着政府开支超过收入，需要借债来填补财政缺口。
对投资者来说，财政赤字可能增加国家债务水平，从而增加违约风险和对国家经济稳定的担忧。
对政府来说，控制财政赤字和债务水平是确保财政可持续性和经济稳定的重要举措。
国际经济与贸易-英文文献
Thinking about the Subprime CrisisOver the past decade, China and other emerging markets accumulated foreign currency reserves to insure against the economic and political vagaries of financial globalization. They were wise to do so. Countries with larger reserves are weathering the storm relatively better than those who have bought less insurance.Although purchasing insurance policy might have been sensible from the perspective of each country, collectively these currency interventions prepared the ground for the global crisis. Emerging markets, most notably China, helped to create the macroeconomic backdrop for the current financial crisis by subsidizing interest rates and consumption in the US. Niall Ferguson and I coined the term “Chimerica” to describe this historically unique financial symbiosis that had developed between China and America.This paradox could mark the end of another attempt to make the world safe for global finance; just as the Asian crisis marked the end of financial globalization 2.0 (financial globalization 1.0 took place in the late 19th century).Financial globalization 2.0 started in the 1980s and lasted to 1997-1998. It was based on the idea that removing restrictions on capital account transactions would enable emerging markets to tap into the pool of global savings and importmuch-needed capital for development. Financial globalization 2.0 ended painfully with the Asian crisis when it became clear that private capital flows were volatile and could seriously complicate economic management in difficult times.What followed was financial globalization 3.0. Emerging markets heeded Martin Feldstein’s advice and took out an insurance policy against the vagaries of financial globalization. By running current account surpluses, intervening in foreign exchange markets and building up currency reserves, Asian and other emerging economies were sustaining export led growth and buying insurance against future financial instability. These policies turned developing markets into net capital exporters to the developed world, mainly to the US. Between 1990 and 1998, during what I have termed financial globalization 2.0, emerging and developing economies (according to the International Monetary Fund classification) were running an average current accountdeficit of about 1.7 per cent of their gross domestic product. Between 1999 and 2008, during financial globalization 3.0, this deficit turned into a surplus of 2.5 per cent of GDP.Just like its predecessor, financial globalization 3.0 seemed a success story for a while, generating financial stability and high rates of economic growth. Yet the accumulation of large war chests of foreign reserves through currency intervention carried negative externalities.The arrangement opened a Pandora’s Box of financial distortions that eventually came to haunt the global economy. The glut of savings from emerging markets has been a key factor in the decline in US and global real-long term interest rates, despite the parallel decline in US savings.Lower interest rates in turn have enabled American households to increase consumption levels and worsened the imbalance between savings and investment. And because foreign savings were predominantly channeled through government (or central bank) hands into safe assets such as treasuries, private investors turned elsewhere to look for higher yields. This led to a reprising of financial risks and unleashed the ingenuity of financial engineers who developed new financial products for the low interest rate world, such as securitized debt instruments.This is not to say that reserve accumulation was the only cause for the current crisis. Yet the core issue remained the Chinese willingness to fund America’s consumption and borrowing habit. Without this support, interest rates in the US would almost certainly have been substantially higher, acting as a circuit breaker for the developing debt-consumption bubble.Beijing and others cannot be blamed for reckless lending into the housing bubble or leverage in western financial institutions, but it is clear that a vast amount of capital was flowing from a developing country with a per capita income of one tenth of the western world to one of the richest economies in the world. Water was flowing uphill in unprecedented amounts.Individual policies meant to insure against financial instability and sustain export-led growth have collectively distorted global interest rates, helped to sustainexcess demand and contributed to the misprision of financial risks. Moreover, it is unlikely that emerging markets’ behavior will change.From the perspective of emerging markets, the academic debate as to whether reserve levels have grown excessive has been answered almost overnight in the current crisis. It is clear to policy makers from Buenos Aires to Budapest and Beijing that one can’t have too many reserves in a world of volatile capital flows. Emerging markets are as unlikely today as they were during the past decade to embrace the instability of global capital flows and accept large swings in exchange rates.Have we therefore come to a crossroads for financial globalization 3.0 There were many economic reasons to doubt that a financial globalization model premised on large scale capital flows from poor to rich economies was a fundamentally smart idea.Moreover, the past years have shown that capital outflows from emerging markets, including China’s reserves accumulation within the constellation we called Chimerica, have themselves contributed to the build-up of macroeconomic imbalances and financial risks that brought the global economy to its knees.After the dust has settled, members of the economics profession will have to think hard about what the right policy advice drawn from financial globalizations 2.0 and 3.0 should be.对金融危机的思考在过去十年间，中国和其他新兴市场积累的大量外汇储备保证了全球金融全球化不发生经济和政治上的异常，这些国家也乐意这么做。
11 Economy and Trade(1)
A large number of foreign investors have been attracted to Shenzhen by the favorable investment environment there. Up to the end of December 2008, businessmen from 65 countries and regions have come and invested in Shenzhen. //
您可以报一个更合适的价格吗？Could you make a more favorable offer? 如果今天下定单，什么时候可以收货？ When could I expect to get the supply if I gave you an order today? 您 可 以 确 定 发 货 日 期 吗 ？ Could you confirm the dispatch date? 我 们 必 须 有 信 用 证 才 能 出 货 。 We always ask for letter of credit before dispatch.
8. Claims and Arbitration
You should be responsible for the loss of the goods in transit. We can’t make a claim against the ship owners because the short weight was due to excessive moisturehat is the minimum quantity of an order for your goods? We’d like to cancel the order for the goods because of the change in the home market. It’s very difficult for us to get the goods in quantity and make prompt shipment.
商务英语口译6省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件
E-C Interpretation (Passage 2)
If you ask an economist what's driven economic growth, it's been major advances in things that mattered—the mechanization of farming, mass manufacturing, things like that.
增词：功绩，壮举，伟业； feat旳翻译；
提议：翻译要流畅，不必拘泥于单词旳详细意思,句 子要通顺。
E-C Interpretation (Passage 2)
the mechanization of farming: 农业机械化； mass manufacturing: 大规模制造业； captives: 俘虏； have a really huge impact: 产生巨大影响； in place: 详细去做； the first founder's letter: 第一封创始人信函； Silicon Valley: 硅谷； Infiniti；英菲尼迪
提议：翻译是取其基本意思而翻译过来。
Text Interpreting (Passage 1)
take questions: 提问； balanced economic growth: 经济旳平衡发展； share of the market: 市场份额； business investment: 商业投资； net exports: 净出口； social safety net: 社会保障 体系 ； Medicare: 国家老年人医疗保险制度；
提议：注意某些词语旳体现，有时看上去极难，见过了掌握了 就比较简朴了。
二元理论
拉尼斯-费景汉 模 式
September ,2012, School of Economics and Trade，Henan University of Technology 13
Economics of Development: Dual Economy Model and Rural-Urban Migration
September ,2012, School of Economics and Trade，Henan University of Technology 7
Economics of Development: Dual Economy Model and Rural-Urban Migration
September ,2012, School of Economics and Trade，Henan University of Technology 4
Economics of Development: Dual Economy Model and Rural-Urban Migration
L1 L2 L3
L工业部门 的劳动数量
刘易斯模型实际上描述了一个从传统农业为主的经济向以现代工业 部门为主的经济过渡的整个过程。
September ,2012, School of Economics and Trade，Henan University of Technology 5
Economics of Development: Dual Economy Model and Rural-Urban Migration
L1 L2 L3
L工业部门 的劳动数量
刘易斯模型实际上描述了一个从传统农业为主的经济向以现代工业 部门为主的经济过渡的整个过程。
经济学人单词
ABS 资产担保证券〔Asset Backed Securities 的英文缩写〕Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Acceptor 承兑人；受票人；接受人Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据Accounts payable 应付账款Accounts receivable 应收账款Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员SEC条例，可参与一般美国非公开私募发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。
Accredit value 自然增长值Accrediting 本金增值适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具〔如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权的期限内连续增长。
Accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制Accrued interest 应计利息ACE 美国商品交易所Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率Acquisition 收购Across the board 全面一致；全盘的Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋Active assets 活动资产；有收益资产Active capital 活动资本Actual market 现货市场Actual price 现货价Actual useful life 实际可用年期Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家ADB 亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank 的英文缩写)ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见American Depository Receipt 栏目〕ADS 美国存托股份(American Depository Share 的英文缩写)Ad valorem 从价；按值Ad valorem stamp duty 从价印花税Adjudicator 审裁员Adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) 调息按揭Admitted value 认可值Advance 垫款Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司After date 发票后，出票后After-hours dealing 收市后交易After-market 后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。
小学上册P卷英语第五单元综合卷
小学上册英语第五单元综合卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.My family has a big ______.2. A suspension is a mixture where particles settle ______.3.My brother's __________ (智力) is impressive.4.How many hours are in a day?A. 12B. 24C. 48D. 36B5.Which of these colors is a secondary color?A. BlueB. GreenC. RedD. Yellow6.The __________ (野生动植物) rely on plants for food.7. A dolphin plays with ________________ (海浪).8.What do you call someone who helps you learn?A. TeacherB. DoctorC. LawyerD. Chef9.What do we call the science of classifying living things?A. EcologyB. TaxonomyC. GeneticsD. AnatomyB10.Chemists use _______ to predict the outcome of chemical reactions. (模型)11.What is the capital of Italy?A. MilanB. FlorenceC. RomeD. VeniceC12.My mom is a __________ (社交工作者).13.The _____ (小狗) loves to chase its tail. It is very entertaining! 小狗喜欢追自己的尾巴。
The Governance of China in a Changing World
48CHINA TODAYCommenTaryChamber of Commerce in China, more focus has been put on the per capita aspect as the Chinese government does. “China is expanding its policies on reform and opening-up, and there you can see that GDP per capita is going through the roof, thereby creating more room for potential business,” Wuttke stressed.tourism, according to Wuttke. As many European com-panies have built their names across the globe, bring-ing European service providers to the Chinese market means a lot to the country’s tertiary industry. For in-stance, it can be very challenging for China to handle an aging society. However, in this field, the related Eu-ropean companies have accumulated relatively rich and mature experience.Speaking of the future, Wuttke said, “Europe and China have maintained a good foundation for bilat-eral cooperation. Both sides have benefited from the development of globalization, and both are staunch supporters of multilateralism. In the context of current criticisms on multilateralism and uncertainties in glo-balization, the EU and China should work together on tackling issues such as WTO reform and global anti-ep-idemic collaboration. Additionally, the two sides have a lot of mutual interests in developing the green and low-carbon economy, as well as digital economy. Strength-ening economic and trade ties will help to maintain the stability of the EU-China and global industrial supply chain in the aftermath of the pandemic and provide impetus for the recovery of the world economy.” C Note: This article is compiled based on the video speech delivered by Jörg Wuttke, president of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China, at the 2021 An-nual Meeting of China Chief Economist Forum.A BOUT one year ago ChinesePresident Xi Jinping delivered a speech in which he reflected on the exercise of power in the most popu-lated country that is home to the world’s oldest continuous culture. The speech is the last one of the 92 articles included in his work The Governance of China III. This third volume assembles President Xi’s speeches and texts given between October 18, 2017 and January 13, 2020 preceding the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the ideas in the book are clearly still valid today.Several insights in the book attract the reader’s attention from the start. At the national level, Xi’s goal of realizing rejuvenation of the Chinese nation manifests itself in multiple ways, with the most striking one being the unleashing of the country’s vitality leading to the greatest economic growth in humankind’s history. During 2020, such vitality had not been subdued by the pandemic, but on the con-trary, remained strong. Despite the still uncertain global economic out-look, the World Bank projected that China’s GDP growth will accelerate to 7.9 percent in 2021. At the same time, the pandemic also reinforces Xi’s assessment that the current world is facing changes unseen in a century.In contrast with volatile interna-tional situations and the alarming domestic division in the United States, the world’s largest economy and also the representative of Western democracy, China’s incred-ible feats unfolding before our eyes make people believe that it will not be long before the country can real-ize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.Indeed, anyone who dispassion-ately observes the crisis in the U.S. Capitol, where hordes of vandals stormed the building encouraged by the former American president himself, against the backdrop of tens of millions of citizens who do not trust the mechanisms of their own democracy, knows that we arewitnessing a major change with aremarkable potential echo in inter-national politics. U.S. democracy,seen as a model in the West for twocenturies, is cracking dramaticallydue to internal causes.In the West, it’s usually the casethat politicians trumpet short-term goals to win over voters,while statesmen who think deeplyor adopt a long-term approachare hardly recognized and seemto belong to the past. In such acontext, it is completely novel toread a 650-page corpus containingthe ideas of a country’s leader rulinga fifth of the world’s populationand contributing to multilateralismand to global interdependence likeno other. In style and content, Xi’sanalysis is based on Marxism withChinese characteristics, with clearlanguage sometimes incorporatingreferences to the country’s philo-sophical wisdom dating back 5,000years, making it a unique flowingnarrative. Also, in times that call formore international cooperation, it isworth noting that The Governanceof China III can help readers ofdifferent continents to understandXi’s motivations and the country’sachievements directly, withoutintermediaries.How does a leader of a coun-try responsible for a third of theworld’s economic growth assess thecourse of the domestic and globaleconomy? How does he evaluatethe public policy mechanisms ofthe government that has managedto lift nearly 800 million people outof poverty over the last 40 years?Which steps has China taken toachieve the status of a moderatelyprosperous society? What are theinstitutional merits of the countrywhich can explain its successfulfight against the novel coronaviruswhile most of the world is over-whelmed by the virus? What are theguiding principles and goals of theBelt and Road Initiative? What isthe exact meaning of a communitywith a shared future for mankind?The answers to these and otherfundamental questions are found inthe book.Regarding foreign policy, thereader will find explanatory refer-ences to a series of international ini-tiatives, with China as an importantplayer, that include APEC, BRICS,the Shanghai Cooperation Orga-nization, the Asian InfrastructureInvestment Bank, the China-AfricaCooperation Forum, the G20, andthe Belt and Road Initiative.Centuries ago, some remark-able Western intellectuals studiedChina in search of wisdom aboutgovernance and a model of govern-ment. Over time, we have learnedthat each country has its uniquecharacteristics, and that, above all,it is not wise for a country to tryto copy a foreign model withoutconsidering its own circumstances.This is what China has been doing.Under the leadership of Xi Jinping,the country has been adjusting itselfto the changing situations.Today, the world is changingat an unprecedented rate. Whenthe world’s most powerful countryappears structurally divided andconfused, the world needs to be re-oriented. When CNN’s White Housecorrespondent reported that the U.S.president “is leaving America in awhirlwind of violence, disease, anddeath and more internally alien-ated than it has been in 150 years,”as global citizens we must wake upand readjust our perspective. Theancient Greek and Chinese classicsalready warned us that time is flow-ing, and thus we need resilience.This means that inspired by greatthinkers, we must remain curiousand seek truth from facts, which isalso a fine tradition of the Com-munist Party of China (CPC), theworld’s largest political party.Following the structural guide-lines outlined in Xi Jinping: TheGovernance of China III, the CPC,concluded the fifth plenary sessionof its 19th Central Committee inOctober. To boost its economicdevelopment, China decided tofurther accentuate innovation, thereal economy, a strong domesticmarket, the invigoration of ruralareas, and green and sustainabledevelopment. The emphasis isreflected in the CPC Central Com-mittee’s proposals for the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economicand Social Development (2021-2025) and the Long-Range Objec-tives Through the Year 2035. Is thereanything in these wide-rangingplans (which includes a visionof China and the world by 2049),that can also inspire us within theframework of a community with ashared future? Certainly, the answeris positive, and the answer is alsoan invitation to read the book so asto get an insight about the CPC’sguiding ideas and decision-makingprocesses in governing the country.When the ancient countrytranslates its governance visioninto a modernization drive, whichwill meet its goal within a timespan much shorter than Westernmodernization had taken in the20th century, it is time to reflect onthe importance of the governanceof China and on the importanceof continuous and deeper interac-tion. Recent examples, such as theRegional Comprehensive EconomicPartnership (RCEP), signed amongAsia Pacific countries includingChina, and the EU-China invest-ment agreement, both sealed in thelast two months, demonstrate thatthe notion of a community with ashared future for mankind proposedby Xi is a feasible path.Practical synergies mean thatChina and the rest of the world havemore chance of pursuing progressif they work together, than if eachcountry pursued development de-coupled from other countries. This isthe central message to the world ofthe highly recommended Xi Jinping:The Governance of China III at thebeginning of a new year. CAUGUSTO SOTO is director of Dialogue with China Project and representative in Spain of China Today.49March 2021。
国际贸易英文版教材
作者、书名、出版社、出版年份、目录Thomas A．Pugel. International Economics(15th). Renmin University of China p ress. 2012-12CONTENTSChapter 1 International Economics Is DifferentFour ControversiesEconomics and the Nation-StateThe Scheme of This BookPART ONE THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADEChapter 2 The Basic Theory Using Demand and SupplyFour Questions about TradeA Look AheadDemand and SupplyCase Study Trade Is ImportantGlobal Crisis The Trade Mini-Collapse of 2009Two National Markets and the Opening of TradeChapter 3 Why Everybody Trades: Comparative Advantage 33Adam Smith’s Theory of Absolute AdvantageCase Study Mercantilism: Older Than Smith—and Alive TodayRicardo’s Theory of Comparative AdvantageRicardo’s Constant Costs and the Producti on-Possibility CurveFocus on Labor Absolute Advantage Does MatterExtension What If Trade Doesn’t Balance?Chapter 4 Trade: Factor Availability and Factor Proportions Are KeyProduction with Increasing Marginal CostsCommunity Indifference CurvesProduction and Consumption TogetherFocus on China The Opening of Trade and China’s Shift Out of AgricultureThe Gains from TradeTrade Affects Production and ConsumptionWhat Determines the Trade Pattern?The Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) TheoryChapter 5 Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade?Who Gains and Who Loses within a CountryThree Implications of the H–O TheoryExtension A Factor-Ratio ParadoxDoes Heckscher–Ohlin Explain Actual Trade Patterns?Case Study The Leontief ParadoxWhat Are the Export-Oriented and Import-Competing Factors?Focus on China China’s Exports and ImportsDo Factor Prices Equalize Internationally?Focus on Labor U.S. Jobs and Foreign Trade 86Chapter 6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and TradeScale EconomiesIntra-Industry TradeMonopolistic Competition and TradeExtension The Individual Firm in MonopolisticOligopoly and TradeExtension The Gravity Model of TradeChapter 7 Growth and TradeBalanced versus Biased GrowthGrowth in Only One FactorChanges in the Country’s Willingness to TradeCase Study The Dutch Disease and DeindustrializationEffects on the Country’s Terms of TradeTechnology and TradeFocus on Labor Trade, Technology, and U.S. WagesPART TWO TRADE POLICYChapter 8 Analysis of a TariffGlobal Governance WTO and GATT: Tariff SuccessA Preview of ConclusionsThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ProducersThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ConsumersThe Tariff as Government RevenueThe Net National Loss from a TariffExtension The Effective Rate of ProtectionCase Study They Tax Exports, TooThe Terms-of-Trade Effect and a Nationally Optimal TariffChapter 9 Nontariff Barriers to ImportsTypes of Nontariff Barriers to ImportsThe Import QuotaGlobal Governance The WTO: Beyond TariffsGlobal Crisis Dodging ProtectionismExtension A Domestic Monopoly Prefers a QuotaVoluntary Export Restraints (VERs)Other Nontariff BarriersCase Study VERs: Two ExamplesCase Study Carrots Are Fruit, Snails Are Fish, and X-Men Are Not HumansHow Big Are the Costs of Protection?International Trade DisputesFocus on China China’s First Decade in the WTOChapter 10 Arguments for and against ProtectionThe Ideal World of First BestThe Realistic World of Second BestPromoting Domestic Production or EmploymentThe Infant Industry ArgumentFocus on Labor How Much Does It Cost to Protect a Job?The Dying Industry Argument and Adjustment AssistanceThe Developing Government (Public Revenue) ArgumentOther Arguments for Protection: Non=economic ObjectivesThe Politics of Protection The Basic Elements of the Political-Economic Analysis Case Study How Sweet It Is (or Isn’t)Chapter 11 Pushing ExportsDumpingReacting to Dumping: What Should a Dumpee Think?Actual Antidumping Policies: What Is Unfair?Case Study Antidumping in ActionProposals for ReformExport SubsidiesWTO Rules on SubsidiesShould the Importing Country Impose Countervailing Duties?Case Study Agriculture Is AmazingStrategic Export Subsidies Could Be GoodGlobal Governance Dogfight at the WTOChapter 12 Trade Blocs and Trade BlocksTypes of Economic BlocsIs Trade Discrimination Good or Bad?The Basic Theory of Trade Blocs: Trade Creation and Trade DiversionOther Possible Gains from a Trade BlocThe EU ExperienceCase Study Postwar Trade Integration in EuropeNorth America Becomes a BlocTrade Blocs among Developing CountriesTrade EmbargoesChapter 13 Trade and the EnvironmentIs Free Trade Anti-Environment?Is the WTO Anti-Environment?Global Governance Dolphins, Turtles, and the WTOThe Specificity Rule AgainA Preview of Policy PrescriptionsTrade and Domestic PollutionTrans-border PollutionGlobal Environmental ChallengesChapter 14 Trade Policies for Developing CountriesWhich Trade Policy for Developing Countries?Are the Long-Run Price Trends against Primary Producers?Case Study Special Challenges of TransitionInternational Cartels to Raise Primary-Product PricesImport-Substituting Industrialization (ISI)Exports of Manufactures to Industrial CountriesChapter 15 Multinationals and Migration: International Factor MovementsForeign Direct InvestmentMultinational EnterprisesFDI: History and Current PatternsWhy Do Multinational Enterprises Exist?Taxation of Mul tinational Enterprises’ProfitsCase Study CEMEX: A Model Multinational from an Unusual PlaceMNEs and International TradeShould the Home Country Restrict FDI Outflows?Should the Host Country Restrict FDI Inflows?Focus on China China as a Host CountryMigrationHow Migration Affects Labor MarketsShould the Sending Country Restrict Emigration?Should the Receiving Country Restrict Immigration?Case Study Are Immigrants a Fiscal Burden?APPENDIXESA The Web and the Library: International Numbers and Other InformationB Deriving Production-Possibility CurvesC Offer CurvesD The Nationally Optimal Tariff周瑞琪. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2011.9CONTENTSChapter One General Introduction（第一章导论）1.1 Reasons for International Trade （国际间贸易的起因）1.2 Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade （国际贸易与国内贸易的差异）1.3 Classification of International Trade（国际贸易的分类）1.4 Export and Import Procedures（进出口贸易的程序）1.5 Overview of This Book （本书的基本内容）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Two International Trade Terms（第二章国际贸易术语）2.1 Three Sets of Rules （三种贸易术语的解释规则）2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2010 （2010年国际贸易术语解释通则基本概念）2.3 Application Issues（贸易术语在使用中应注意的问题）2.4 Determinants of Choice of Trade Terms （贸易术语选用的决定因素）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Three Export Price（第三章出口商品的价格）3.1 Expression of Export Price（出口价格的表达）3.2 Pricing Considerations（影响定价的因素）3.3 Calculation of Price（价格的计算）3.4 Understanding the Price（价格的评估）3.5 Communication of Price（价格的沟通）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Four Terms of Commodity（第四章商品条款）4.1 Name of Commodity （商品的名称）4.2 Specifying Quality（商品的品质）4.3 Measuring Quantity（商品的数量）4.4 Packing and Marking（商品的包装及标志）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Five Cargo Transportation（第五章国际货物运输）5.1 Ocean Transportation （海洋运输）5.2 Other Modes of Transportation （其他运输方式）5.3 Transportation Documents（运输单据）5.4 Shipment Clause in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的装运条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Six Cargo Transportation Insurance（第六章货物运输保险）6.1 Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance（货物保险的基本原则）6.2 Marine Risks and Losses（海上风险和损失）6.3 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of CIC（我国海上货物保险范围）6.4 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC（协会货物保险范围）6.5 Other Types of Cargo Insurance（其他货物保险的种类）6.6 Procedures of Cargo Insurance（货物保险程序）6.7 Insurance Terms in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的保险条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Seven International Payments（第七章国际货款支付）7.1 Issues in Concern（影响支付条件的因素）7.2 Paying Instruments（支付工具）7.3 Remittance（汇付）7.4 Collection（托收）7.5 Basics of Letter of Credit（信用证基础知识）7.6 Types of Documentary Credit（跟单信用证的种类）7.7 Letter of Guarantee（L/G）（保函）7.8 Export Financing（出口融资）7.9 Payment Problems（支付中出现的问题）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Eight Export Documentation（第八章出口单证）8.1 Significance of Documentation（单证的重要性）8.2 Basic Requirements for Documentation（单证的基本要求）8.3 Prerequisites of Documentation（制单的依据）8.4 Export Documents（出口单证的种类）8.5 Clause Concerning Documents in the Sales Contract（销售合同中有关单证的条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Nine Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration（第九章商检、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁）9.1 Commodity Inspection（商品检验）9.2 Disputes and Claims（争议和索赔）9.3 Force Majeure（不可抗力）9.4 Arbitration（仲裁）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Key to Exercises（练习答案）Glossary（词汇表）Appendix 1INCOTERMS 2010 （FOB, CFR, CIF）（附录12010年国际贸易术语解释通则（FOB，CFR，CIF））Appendix 2CISG 1980 （Part II）（附录2联合国国际货物销售合同公约1980（第二部分）) References （参考书目）帅建林. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2007.9CONTENTSPart 1 OverviewChapter 1 Introduction to International TradeChapter 2 International Trade PolicyChapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade BlockChapter 4 WTO :A Navigation GuidePart 2 Terms of International TradeChapter 5 International Trade TermsChapter Terms of CommodityChapter International Cargo TransportChapter 8 Cargo InsuranceChapter 9 Terms of PriceChapter 10 International Payment and SettlementChapter 11 Claims, Force Majeure and ArbitrationPart 3 International Trade ProcedureChapter 12 Launching a Profitable TransactionChapter 13 Business Negotiation and Establishment of ContractChapter 14 Exporting ElementsChapter 15 Importing ElementsChapter 16 DocumentationPart 4 Trade FormsChapter 17 Agency, Distribution and ConsignmentChapter 18 TendersChapter 19 Counter TradeChapter 20 Futures TradingChapter 21 E-CommerceAppendix Glossary of International Trade Terms with English-Chinese InterpretationsBibliographyPaul R.Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld. International Economics:Theory andPolicy,8E. Tsinghua University press. 2011-11Contents前言第1章绪论第1部分国际贸易理论第2章世界贸易：概览第3章劳动生产率和比较优势：李嘉图模型第4章资源、比较优势和收入分配第5章标准贸易模型第6章规模经济、不完全竞争和国际贸易第7章国际要素流动第2部分国际贸易政策第8章贸易政策工具第9章贸易政策中的政治经济学第10章发展中国家的贸易政策第11章贸易政策中的争论数学附录第4章附录要素比例模型第5章附录贸易下的世界经济第6章附录垄断竞争模模型张素芳，International trade: theory and practice. University of International Business & Economics Press, Beijing, 2010contentsSection I. International Trade Theory and PolicyCHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE1.The Reasons for International Trade1.1. Resources reasons1.2. Economic reasons1.3. Other reasons2. The Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade'.'2.1. More plex context2.2. More difficult and risky2.3. Higher skills required3.Basic Concepts Relating to International Trade3.1. Visible trade and invisible trade3.2. Favorable balance of trade and unfavorable balance oft rade3.3. General trade system and special trade system3.4. Volume of international trade and quantum of international trade3.5. Commodity position of international trade3.6. Geographical position of international trade3.7. Degree of dependence on foreign tradeCHAPTER 2.CLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES1.Mercantilism1.1. The development of mercantilist thought1.2. The mercantilist economic system1.3. Economic policies pursued by the mercantilists1.4. Discussions2.David Hume's Challenge to Mercantilism2.1. Assumptions of price-specie=flow mechanism2.2. The price-specie-flow mechanism3.Adam Smith's Theory of Absolute Advantage3.1. Assumptions of Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage3.2. Challenge to Mercantilism3.3. Example4.David Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage4.1. The concept of parative advantage4.2. Example4.3. Analysis of the theory of parative advantage by using modemtools. CHAPTER 3.NEOCLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES.1.Gains from Trade in Neoclassical Trade Theory1.1. Increasing opportunity costs on the PPF1.2. General equilibrium and gains in autarky1.3. General equilibrium and gains after the introduction of international trade ...2.Reciprocal Demand Theory2.1. A country's offer curve2.2. Trading equilibrium2.3. Measurement of terms of trade3.Factor Endowment Theory3.1. Factor intensity in production3.2. Factor endowments, factor prices, and parative advantage3.3. Assumptions of the factor proportions theory.,3.4. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem.:3.5. An example to illustrate H-O theorem.3.6. The factor price equalization theorem:3.7. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem4.The Leontief Paradox——An Empirical Test of the Factor Proportions Theory 4.1. The Leontief paradox.-4.2. Suggested explanations for the Leontief Paradox and related theories CHAPTER 4.POST-HECKSHER-OHLIN THEORIES OF TRADE1.The Product Cycle Theory1.1. The imitation lag hypothesis1.2. The product cycle theory2.The Linder Theory2.1. Assumptions of the Linder theory2.2. Trade es in the overlapping ranges of products ophistication.:3.Intra-Industry Trade Theory3.1. Explanations of intra-industry trade3.2. Measurement of intra-industry tradeCHAPTER 5.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: TARIFFS1.Types of Import Tariffs1.1. In terms of the means of collection1.2. In terms of the different tariff rates applied1.3. In terms of special purposes for collection2.The Effects of Import Tariffs2.1. Concepts of consumer surplus and producer surplus2.2. The welfare effects of import tariffs3.Measurement of Import Tariffs3.1. The 'height' of import tariffs3.2. Nominal versus effective tariff ratesCHAPTER 6.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: NON-TARIFF BARRIERS''1.Forms of Non-tariff Barriers.1.1. Quantity control measures1.2. Price control measures1.3. Para-tariff measures1.4. Finance measures1.5. Anti-petitive measures.,.1.6. Miscellaneous measures2.Effects of Non-tariff Barriers2.1. The effects of an import quota2.2. The effects of a subsidy to an import-peting industryCHAPTER 7.EXPORT PROMOTION AND OTHER POLICIES1.Export Subsidy and Production Subsidy1.1. Export subsidy and its effects1.2. Production subsidy and its effects.2.Other Export Promotion Policies2.1. Devaluation of home currency.2.2. Commodity dumping2.3. Bonded warehouse2.4. Special trade zone2.5. Export promotion programs3.Export Restrictions and Import Promotion Policies3.1. Export restrictions policies3.2. Import promotion policies4.Trade Sanctions4.1. Introduction to trade sanctions4.2. Effectiveness of trade sanctionsCHAPTER 8.ARGUMENTS AGAINST FREE TRADE1.Traditional Arguments against Free Trade1.1. Infant industry argument.1.2. Terms of trade argument1.3. Balance of trade argument1.4. Tariff to reduce aggregate unemployment argument1.5. Fair petition argument1.6. National security argument2.New Protectionism2.1. Tariff to extract foreign monopoly profit2.2. Export subsidy in duopoly3.The Political Economy of Trade Policy3.1. Median voter model3.2. Collective action theory.3.3. Contribution in political campaignsCHAPTER 9.REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONof Regional Economic Integration1.1. Preferential tariff arrangement1.2. Free trade area1.3. Customs union1.4. Common market.1.5. Economic union2.The Static and Dynamic Effects of Regional Economic Integration2.1. Static effects of regional economic integration2.2. Dynamic effects of regional economic integration3.Economic Integration in Europe, North America and Asia3.1. Economic integration in Europe……………………………………Chapter 10 International Cargo Transportation InsuranceChapter 11 International Trade PaymentChapter 12 Inspection,Claim,Force Majeure and ArbitrationChapter 13 Trade Negotiation and Formation of the ContractChapter 14 Implementation of the Contract丹尼斯·R·阿普尔亚德 & 小艾尔弗雷德·J·菲尔德 & 史蒂文·L·科布.国际贸易.中国人民大学出版社. 2012-7第1章国际经济学的世界第一部分古典贸易理论第2章早期的国际贸易理论：由重商主义向大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论的演进第3章大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论和比较优势第4章对古典贸易模型的扩充及验证第二部分新贸易理论第5章新古典贸易理论——基本分析工具的介绍第6章新古典贸易理论中的贸易利得第7章贸易提供曲线和贸易条件第8章贸易的基础：要素禀赋理论和赫克歇尔俄林模型第9章要素禀赋理论的实证分析第三部分贸易理论的扩展第10章后赫克歇尔俄林贸易理论与产业内贸易第11章经济增长与国际贸易第12章国际要素流动第四部分贸易政策第13章贸易政策工具第14章贸易政策的影响第15章对干涉主义贸易政策的争论第16章经济的政治因素与美国的对外贸易政策第17章经济一体化第18章国际贸易与发展中国家参考文献当我被上帝造出来时，上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人，我不假思索的说，我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。
仲裁法中英对照
Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国仲裁法(Adopted at the 9th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on August 31, 1994;amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws adopted at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on August 27,2009;and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision on Amending Eight Laws Including the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China at the 29th Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on September 1, 2017) (1994年8月31日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第九次会议通过根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正根据2017年9月1日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国法官法〉等八部法律的决定》第二次修正)Contents 目录Chapter I General Provisions第一章总则Chapter II Arbitration Commissions and the ArbitrationAssociation第二章仲裁委员会和仲裁协会Chapter III Arbitration Agreement第三章仲裁协议Chapter IV Arbitration Proceedings第四章仲裁程序Section 1 Application and Acceptance第一节申请和受理Section 2 Formation of Arbitration Tribunal第二节仲裁庭的组成Section 3 Hearing and Award第三节开庭和裁决Chapter V Application for Setting Aside Arbitration Award第五章申请撤销裁决Chapter VI Enforcement第六章执行Chapter VII Special Provisions for Arbitration Involving ForeignElements第七章涉外仲裁的特别规定Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions第八章附则Chapter I General Provisions第一章总则Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to ensure the impartial and prompt arbitration of economic disputes, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and to safeguard the sound development of the socialist market economy.第一条为保证公正、及时地仲裁经济纠纷，保护当事人的合法权益，保障社会主义市场经济健康发展，制定本法。
ceb-fip model code 1978
CEB-FIP模型代码（Code d'Échange et de Biens）是一种用于处理货物贸易、服务贸易和技术贸易的国际经济合作与交流的通用语言。
该代码由联合国经济及社会理事会（ECOSOC）于1978年发布，并被广泛应用于全球范围内的国际经济合作与交流中。
CEB-FIP模型代码将货物、服务和技术的分类和描述标准化，以便于各国政府、企业和其他组织之间的交流和合作。
该代码采用数字编码系统，将各种不同的货物、服务和技术分类并赋予唯一的代码，以便于识别和比较。
CEB-FIP模型代码的优点在于其通用性和标准化，使得各国之间的经济交流更加方便和高效。
此外，该代码还具有灵活性和扩展性，可以根据新的贸易需求和技术发展进行更新和扩展。
CEB-FIP模型代码的应用范围非常广泛，包括但不限于以下几个方面：1.国际贸易统计：各国政府和国际组织使用CEB-FIP模型代码来收集和整理国际贸易统计数据，以便于比较和分析各国之间的贸易情况。
2.贸易协定：各国政府在签订贸易协定时，通常会使用CEB-FIP模型代码来描述协定所涉及的货物、服务和技术的范围和分类。
3.海关通关：在国际贸易中，各国海关使用CEB-FIP模型代码来识别和分类进出口货物，以便于征收关税和进行监管。
4.国际贸易谈判：各国政府在参加国际贸易谈判时，通常会使用CEB-FIP模型代码来描述本国的产品和服务，以便于与其他国家进行比较和竞争。
总之，CEB-FIP模型代码是国际贸易和经济合作中非常重要的工具，对于促进各国之间的经济交流和合作具有重要意义。
随着国际贸易的不断发展和技术的不断进步，CEB-FIP模型代码也在不断更新和完善，以适应新的贸易需求和技术发展。
经济全球化知识术语
经济全球化知识术语经济全球化是指全球范围内经济活动的日益紧密联系和相互依赖。
这一现象涉及到国际贸易、投资、金融、技术传播等多个领域，对世界各国的经济、政治、文化等方面产生了深远影响。
以下是一些与经济全球化相关的知识术语：1. 自由贸易（Free Trade）：指国家之间在没有贸易壁垒的情况下进行商品和服务的交换。
自由贸易有助于提高资源配置效率，促进国际分工和全球经济增长。
2. 关税（Tariff）：指进口商品在进入国内市场时需要缴纳的税收。
关税可以提高国内产业的竞争力，但过高的关税可能导致贸易摩擦和全球经济增长放缓。
3. 世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization，WTO）：成立于1995年，是一个旨在促进全球贸易自由化、减少贸易壁垒的国际组织。
WTO通过制定国际贸易规则和解决贸易争端来维护公平、开放、透明的国际贸易体系。
4. 跨国公司（Multinational Corporation，MNC）：指在多个国家设有生产、销售等业务的公司。
跨国公司在全球范围内进行资源配置，以降低成本、提高竞争力。
5. 外国直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，FDI）：指一个国家的企业或个人将资本投入到另一个国家的经济活动中。
FDI有助于促进技术转移、提高就业和经济增长。
6. 国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund，IMF）：成立于1944年，是一个旨在促进国际货币合作、维护全球金融稳定和促进经济增长的国际组织。
IMF通过提供贷款、技术援助等方式帮助会员国应对金融危机和经济困难。
7. 国际金融市场（International Financial Market）：指在全球范围内进行金融资产交易的市场。
国际金融市场包括外汇市场、股票市场、债券市场等，为企业和个人提供融资和投资渠道。
8. 全球化（Globalization）：指全球范围内的经济、政治、文化等方面的相互联系和依赖不断加强的过程。
国际贸易专业英语单词
国际贸易专业英语单词1. Import - 进口2. Export - 出口3. Trade - 贸易4. Goods - 商品5. Services - 服务6. Tariff - 关税7. Duty - 关税8. Customs - 海关9. Free trade - 自由贸易10. Balance of trade - 贸易平衡11. Trade deficit - 贸易赤字12. Trade surplus - 贸易顺差13. Trade barrier - 贸易壁垒14. Quota - 进口限额15. Embargo - 禁运16. Dumping - 倾销17. Dumping margin - 倾销幅度18. Anti-dumping duty - 反倾销税19. Subsidy - 补贴20. Trade agreement - 贸易协议21. World Trade Organization (WTO) - 世界贸易组织22. Free trade agreement - 自由贸易协议23. Preferential trade agreement - 优惠贸易协议24. Trade dispute - 贸易争端25. Trade war - 贸易战争26. Bilateral trade - 双边贸易第1页/共6页27. Multilateral trade - 多边贸易28. Exchange rate - 汇率29. Currency - 货币30. Foreign exchange - 外汇31. Importer - 进口商32. Exporter - 出口商33. Trade deficit - 贸易赤字34. Trade surplus - 贸易顺差35. Inflation - 通货膨胀36. Deflation - 通货紧缩37. Cross-border trade - 跨境贸易38. Trade finance - 贸易融资39. Letter of credit - 信用证40. Bill of lading - 提单41. Incoterms - 货物贸易术语42. FOB (Free On Board) - 离岸价43. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) - 到岸价44. EXW (Ex Works) - 工厂交货价45. Port of entry - 入境口岸46. Port of exit - 出境口岸47. Shipping - 运输48. Logistics - 物流49. Clearing agent - 清关代理商50. Inbound logistics - 入境物流51. Outbound logistics - 出境物流52. Customs duty - 海关税53. Import license - 进口许可证54. Export license - 出口许可证55. Import quota - 进口配额56. Export quota - 出口配额57. Import restrictions - 进口限制58. Export restrictions - 出口限制59. Trade policy - 贸易政策60. Trade negotiations - 贸易谈判61. Market access - 市场准入62. Non-tariff barriers - 非关税壁垒63. Intellectual property rights - 知识产权64. Counterfeit - 仿冒65. Trademark - 商标66. Patent - 专利67. Copyright - 版权68. Royalties - 版权使用费69. Anti-counterfeiting - 打击假冒70. Dumping investigation - 倾销调查71. Import substitution - 进口替代72. Export promotion - 出口促进73. Trade facilitation - 贸易便利化74. Trade dispute settlement - 贸易争端解决75. Trade remedy - 贸易救济措施76. Dumping margin - 倾销幅度77. Safeguard measures - 保障措施78. Countervailing duty - 反补贴税79. Anti-dumping duty - 反倾销税80. Tariff escalation - 关税递增81. Product standards - 产品标准82. Technical barriers to trade - 技术贸易壁垒83. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures - 卫生和植物检疫措施84. Trade remedy investigation - 贸易救济调查85. Dispute settlement mechanism - 争端解决机制第3页/共6页86. Preferential tariffs - 优惠关税87. Most favored nation (MFN) - 最惠国待遇88. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) - 关税与贸易总协定89. Regional trade agreement (RTA) - 区域贸易协定90. Free trade area - 自由贸易区91. Customs union - 关税同盟92. Common market - 共同市场93. Economic integration - 经济一体化94. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - 北美自由贸易协定95. European Union (EU) - 欧盟96. Single market - 单一市场97. Customs union - 关税同盟98. European Economic Community (EEC) - 欧洲经济共同体99. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - 东南亚国家联盟100. Pacific Alliance - 太平洋联盟101. Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) - 跨太平洋伙伴关系102. World Bank - 世界银行103. International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 国际货币基金组织104. International trade law - 国际贸易法105. International trade finance - 国际贸易融资106. International trade dispute resolution - 国际贸易争端解决107. Import substitution industrialization (ISI) - 进口替代工业化108. Outward processing trade - 外加工贸易109. Offshore trade - 离岸贸易110. Advance payment - 预付款111. Documentary credit - 跟单信用证112. Documentary collection - 跟单托收113. Factoring - 让与114. Forfaiting - 福费廷115. Letter of indemnity - 不足保证书116. Standby letter of credit - 保函117. Open account - 开立账户118. Bill of exchange - 汇票119. Commercial invoice - 商业发票120. Packing list - 装箱单121. Certificate of origin - 原产地证书122. Import declaration - 进口申报123. Export declaration - 出口申报124. Insurance certificate - 保险凭证125. Bill of lading - 提单126. Bill of lading - 佣提单127. Bill of lading - 非佣提单128. Air waybill - 空运提单129. Phytosanitary certificate - 植物检疫证书130. Certificate of inspection - 检验证书131. Certificate of conformity - 符合性证明132. Certificate of quality - 质量证明书133. Country of origin - 原产国134. Harmonized System (HS) code - 统一编码135. Tariff code - 关税编码136. Value-added tax (VAT) - 增值税137. Excise tax - 特别消费税138. Withholding tax - 扣缴税139. Customs valuation - 海关估价140. Transfer pricing - 转让定价141. Import duty - 进口关税第5页/共6页142. Export duty - 出口关税143. Import restrictions - 进口限制144. Export restrictions - 出口限制145. Inventory - 库存146. Supply chain - 供应链147. Market research - 市场调查148. Trade show - 贸易展览会149. Market segmentation - 市场细分150. Market entry strategy - 进入市场策略。
商务英语阅读(下册)(第二版) unit 10 知 识产权
The key forms of intellectual property are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. Because intellectual property shares many of the characteristics of real and personal property, associated rights permit intellectual property to be treated as an asset that can be bought, sold, licensed, or even given away at no cost.
Patents protect diverse inventions such as industrial designs, manufacturing processes, high-tech products, and molecular compounds.
Many products would not exist without patent protection, especially those that require substantial investments but, once sold, can be easily duplicated by competitors.
Patents, however, are not easily obtained. Patent rights are granted not for vague ideas but for carefully tailored claims. To avoid protecting technology already available, or within easy reach of ordinary artisans, those claims are examined by experts.
理论中心组专题研讨会流程及内容
理论中心组专题研讨会流程及内容1.首先，主持人进行开场致辞欢迎各位嘉宾。
First, the host delivers the opening speech to welcomeall the guests.2.紧接着，介绍本次研讨会的主题和目的。
Following that, the theme and purpose of the seminar are introduced.3.接下来，邀请专家或学者进行主题发言。
Next, invite experts or scholars to make keynote speeches.4.专家们将分享最新的研究成果和理论观点。
Experts will share the latest research findings and theoretical viewpoints.5.在主题发言结束后，安排现场互动环节，让与会者提出问题和观点。
After the keynote speeches, arrange interactive sessions for participants to ask questions and express their views.6.通过互动环节，加深对主题内容的理解。
Through interactive sessions, deepen understanding of the seminar topic.7.随后，安排小组讨论环节，让与会者分成小组进行深入交流。
Subsequently, arrange group discussion sessions for participants to engage in in-depth discussions.8.这个环节旨在促进信息和观点交流，拓展思路。
This session aims to facilitate the exchange of information and viewpoints, and expand thinking.9.各小组代表将汇报讨论的成果和得出的结论。
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Key voctroduce technology and equipment 初级产品 primary products 机电产品 machinery and electronic products 纺织品 textile products 高新科技产品 high & new technology products 附加值 added value 配额 quota
Issues to know
According to the Central Economic Work Conference (中央经济工作会议), the guideline for China’s economy in 2009 is
保增长：to maintain economic growth 扩内需：to expand domestic demand 调结构：to adjust structures
Issues to know
China’s top 3 trading partners in 2008: EU the United States Japan
China-Japan
China is Japan’s largest trading partner Japan is China’s largest import market. Japan is China’s second largest source of investment. Japan is the country that provides China with the largest amount of government loans (政府贷款) and non-reimbursable assistance (无偿援助).
China-EU
China is EU’s second largest trading partner, following the US. EU is China’s largest export market. EU is China’s third largest source of investment. China and EU launched in April 2008 a new bilateral high-level economic and trade mechanism (HLM)(双边高端经贸机制). First exchanges covered trade and investment cooperation, balanced economic development, innovation and technology transfer and international economic development.
China-US
Major issues in China-US trade relations:
Health and safety issues China’s currency policy WTO implementation issues textile and apparel products protection of IPR transparency of law and decision making.
Issues to know
Important economic index of 2008
1) GDP grew 9 percent year-onyear to 30.067 trillion yuan (US$4.4216 trillion), contributing more than 20% of the global economic growth in 2008. 9% is the lowest rate of growth for seven years.
Key vocabulary and phrases
企业界 the business community 贸易伙伴 trade partner 交流和合作 exchanges and cooperation 关税贸易总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 乌拉圭回合 the Uruguay Round 多哈回合 the Doha Round 部长级会议 Ministerial meeting
Key vocabulary and phrases
最惠国待遇 Most Favored-Nation treatment (MFN) 正常贸易关系 normal trading relations (NTR) 普惠制 General System of Preferences (GSP) 劳动密集型的 labor-intensive 资本密集型的 capital-intensive 知识经济 knowledge-based economy 北美自由贸易协议North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Key vocabulary and phrases
多边贸易体制 双边协议 单边贸易报复 贸易壁垒 贸易保护主义抬头 关税升级 出口补贴 反补贴税 反倾销税 保障措施 贸易摩擦 multilateral trading system bilateral trading agreement unilateral trading retaliation trade barriers trade protectionism is on the rise tariff escalations export subsidy countervailing duties anti-dumping duties safeguard measures trade friction
Challenges in 2007: overheating, inflation excessive liquidity price hikes Challenges in 2008: contagious economic chill worldwide possible deflation unemployment of migrant workers, etc.
Issues to know
To avoid the economic slowing too quickly, the Chinese government made a major adjustment to its monetary policy and fiscal policy, changing them FROM a tight monetary policy (从紧的 货币政策) and a prudent fiscal policy (稳 健的财政政策) TO a moderate monetary policy（适度 宽松的货币政策）and a proactive fiscal policy （积极的财政政策）.
Issues to know
Which ministry is the trade authority in China? Who is the Minister?
The Ministry of Commerce (MofCom, formerly known as MOFTEC) 陈德铭 (前任：薄熙来)
World Economic Forum
The annual meeting 2009 was held in Davos, Switzerland, from Jan. 28 to Feb. 1. The message from the meeting is that leaders must continue to develop a swift and coordinated policy response to the most serious global recession since the 1930s: global challenges demand global solutions.
Issues to know
What is the international organization governing world trade?
The World Trade Organization (the WTO) Predecessor: GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
Economy and Trade
Business English Interpretation
General Picture of Global Trade
Which country is the biggest exporter in the world in 2011? Which country is the biggest trader in the world in 2011? What is the ranking of China in terms of total trade volume in 2011? Who are China’s three biggest trading partners? Which organization governs the multilateral trading system?
Issues to know
Comparison: GDP of 2007 grew 11.4 percent year-onyear to 24.6619 trillion yuan (US$3.43 trillion), an eye-catching annual double-digit GDP growth Reasons for the slowdown in growth rate:
Issues to know
2 barometers/gauges of inflation/deflation