初中英语语法梳理和提高――动词的语态讲解试题解读

初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词的语态讲解试题
动词的语态
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：
Many people speak English . (主动语态
English is spoken by many people. (被动语态
1、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"构成。

助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。

被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：
肯定句：主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss.
否定句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him.
一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?
现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：
式
时一般进行完成
现在Am / is /are + given Am/is/are
+being + given Have / has +been +given
过去Was / were + given Was / were + Had +been +
being + given given
将来Shall/ will + given Shall / will
+be + given Should
/would + be + given
含情态词的Can / may /must +be +given
3span、被动语态的用法：
span 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

例如：
This jacket is made of cotton.
English is spoken in many countries in the world.
2）强调动作的承受者时。

如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。

3）主动语态变被动语态的步骤:
主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday.
被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.
步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。

步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken
步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。

步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。

5 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：
A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。

1. He gave me the book just now.
The book was given to me( by him just now. = I was given the book (by him just now.
2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.
p The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.
= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.
B. span通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。

1. He wrote her a letter.
A letter was written to her.
My mother made me a skirt.
A skirt was made (for me by my mother.
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、选择填空
1.The question ______by us soon.
A.is going to discuss
B.will discuss
C.is going to be discussed
D.has been discussed
2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______.
A.must look after
B.must be taken care
C.must be looked after
D.must take care of
3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet.
A.have looked
B.haven't looked
C.have been looked
D.haven't been looked
4.There was no room for you. All the seats ______.
A. are taken
B.was taken
C.had taken
D.had been taken
5. A model ship ______his son by Mr More.
A.was made for
B.was made to
C.made for
D.makes for
6.----Dad, please open the door, it ______.
----OK, dear. I am coming.
A.was locked
B.locks
C.is locked
D.locked
7. This kind of sweater______very soft.
A.is felt
B.feels
C.feel
D.is feeling
8.----Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?
----Yes. Every student______about it.
A.told
B.has told
C.was told
D.tells
9.The cake ______delicious.
A.smell
B.is smelled
C.is smelling
D.smells
10.My father has given up smoking since he ______on.
A.will operate
B.will be operated
C.operated
D.was operated
11.A new school ______ these days.
A. is building
B. is built
C. well build
D. is being built
12. The cake ______delicious.
A. smell
B. is smelled
C. is smelling
D. smells
13.I________there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato
A. will tell
B. have told
C. was told
D. will be told
14.The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks.
A. can be borrowed
B. can be kept
C. could be borrowed
D. could be kept
15.When______this kind of computer _______?
is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used
16.The new computers_______to the village school as present last month.
are given B. given C. were given D. gave
17.I really don't know_______about it.
A.what to do
B.how to do
C. to do what
D. how can I do
18.Your shoes_______. You'd better come to get them in half an hour.
are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended
19.Though he had often made his little sister______,today he was made____by her.
A.cry; to cry
B.crying; crying
C. cry; cry
D.to cry; cry
20.When_____the accident________?
A.was; happened
B.has; happened
C.was happebeing
D.did; happen
Key: 1----5 CCDDA 6----10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

Some ideas ______(give to college students by him yesterday.
----Do you like the music "Moonlight"?
----Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sound
He won't come to the party unless Sue ______.(invite
The chair needs______.(repair
"Quick" is another way of ______"fast".(say
This kind of bike ______in that factory, but you can't buy it now.(make
Cotton ______in the country.(plant
Man-made satellites ______by Chinese people.(send
This kinds of shoes ______out by now.(sell
The room must ______ clean every day.(keep
Key: 1.were given 2.sounds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ to be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted 8.have been sent 9.have been sold
10.be kept。