The Pilgrim's Progress
The Pilgrim's Progress 天路历程
天路历程
Author: John Bunyan (1628-1688)
பைடு நூலகம் Author
Introduction
First part Second part
Significance
Evaluation
John Bunyan, the famous writer and lay preacher(布道家) . Born in Bedford(贝 德福德) of England. He had been recruited(征募) into army of parliament of revolution when he was young, and then engaged in missionary activities in his hometown. In 1660 the Stuart finished restoration, the authorities excuse without permission do missionary work, put him in jail twice. He stayed in prison for twelve years, and was again imprisoned for six months in 1695 respectively. He wrote "The pilgrim's progress“ in prison, the content about Christian and his wife has been looking for the kingdom of heaven, The language is concise and easy, known as the most famous fable literature in England.
The Pilgrim’s Progress
• Giant Despair • A terrifying Giant who guards the Doubting Castle, along with his wife, Diffidence. He locks Hopeful and Christian in a dungeon for several days. • Knowledge, Experience, Watchful and Sincere • Shepherds at Immanuel's Land who protect the Lord's sheep. • Ignorance • A boy who comes from the Country of Conceit and encounters Christian and Hopeful. In the end, he is sent to Hell, proof that good intentions are not enough to save a man's soul.
The Pilgrim
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《天路历程》不仅仅是一个宗教寓言,还具有深刻的历史寓意,影射了当时社会的历史现实,例如 最明显的浮华集市。在浮华集市的描写中,班扬向我们展示了复辟时期伦敦的景象,以及当时的封 建资产阶级社会。在这里一切都是可以买卖的,包括国土、荣誉、头衔、欲望、快乐、甚至生命等 等。欺骗、谋杀在这里都是正常的。《天路历程》展示了复辟时期复杂的英国社会,表现了班扬对 当时的社会历史的看法,也反映了基督徒在当时社会中的窘境,一方面是对清教的虔诚,一方面是 世俗世界的自私和道德堕落。 《天路历程》除了对文学寓言体的运用,另一文学特色是借助了梦境的形式。班扬把“基督徒”的 旅程置于梦境的框架之中。“基督徒”看到了其他人没有看到的东西,因而矢志远行,寻找天国的 拯救。正是这种能够看到无形的真理世界的能力使基督徒能够经受住各种艰难险阻,并最终达到目 标。在《天路历程》中,班扬依靠这一视觉的隐喻,将那些只能看到眼前事物的人,同那些通过信 仰能够看到真理的人区分开来。
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第二部分最早于1684年出版,写的是基督徒的妻子 “女基督徒”和孩子们在一个叫做“无畏”的人的指 引下,前往天堂的朝圣过程。同基督徒的历程一样, 他们也从毁灭城出发,在到达天国城的大门之前,遇 到了同样的艰难险阻。然而这两个旅程却又很不相同。 基督徒是自己上路,他在路上会受到这样那样的帮助, 有时也有一个两个同伴,但基本上是他独自一人行进 在通往漫漫的天国道路上。而女基督徒却是与他人结 伴而行,而且他们的同伴一路上不断壮大,相互帮助, 相互支持。 The Second Part of The Pilgrim's Progress presents the pilgrimage of Christian's wife, Christiana; their sons; and the maiden, Mercy. They visit the same stopping places that Christian visited. By using heroines, Bunyan, in the Second Part, illustrates the idea that women as well as men can be brave pilgrims.
英国文学简史结课论文ThePilgrim'sProgress
A Brief History of English LiteratureThe Pilgrim’s ProgressName:Number:Class Number:Teacher:The Pilgrim’s ProgressAs Banyun’s most significant work, The Pilgrim’s Progress met with warm reception after it came out. It’s not strange that The Pilgrim’s Progress became a book owned by almost every family in England for two following centuries, a record perhaps only next to the Bible itself. Translated into over 200 languages,The Pilgrim's Progress is one of the most famous classics of literature.Ⅰ.The AuthorJohn Bunyan (1628一1688), the author of The Pilgrim's Progress, is recognized as one of the most famous English allegorists. John Bunyan was born into a tinker's family in 1628. He was sent to school for a short time, but he was soon busy in his father's shop. When he was not yet sixteen his mother died; in two months his father married again. In 1642 he joined the parliamentary army and in 1647 was honorably discharged. Then he married a wife whose piety redeemed him from his delight in rural sport and the habit of profane swearing. He got interested in religion and in a few years joined a small group of non-conformists. His influential preaching astonished and enraged the authorities and then upon his refusal to leave off preaching, the justice committed him to Bedford jail, where he lay for nearly thirteen years. And it was here, in this period, he wrote the wonderful The Pilgrim's Progress.Ⅱ.The Plot LayoutIt is an allegorical novel, describing a Christian's journey through life to reach heaven. In this allegory, Christian and his company progress on a spiritual pilgrimage according to the instructions in the Bible. Despite their occasional diversions, they always hold to the Divine truth. Therefore all of them get an access to the world of eternal blessing, honor, glory and power. The readers must have exulted at the desirable salvation of the Christian family, because they are pilgrims on the same road. They encounter similar trials, temptations and difficulties. No doubt, the breadth of religious sympathies accounts for the universal acceptableness of The Pilgrim's Progress.Ⅲ.Writing Features--Biblical AllegoryA.The Biblical Allegory of theThemeThe theme that life is a pilgrimage has been widely used by western writers. The Bible, the most important source of Bunyan’s writings, deseribes that human beings live on the earth as pilgrims, and in all their life they “seek a homeland”, “a heavenly country”, (Hebrews 11:11,16). In The Pilgrim’s Progress, literally the hero Christian undergoes a journey from his hometown to his destination; allegorieally, it is a spiritual pilgrimage for everyman to pursue self-understanding and salvation.B.The Biblical Allegory of the NarrativeThe Status of the Bible can Provide the gauge to the possibilities of allegory, and the nrrative of the Bible provides the arehetype for literal works. As in The Pilgrim’s Progress, “the narrative sense” in the reading of the Bible remains “direetly, as in the Methodist’s devout use of the Bible... In tracing and treading the path from sin to perfetion.,(Frei152).C.The Biblical Allegory of the CharaeterizationAs the pretext of The Pilgrim’s Progress, the Bible makes its mark not only on the text’s theme and narrative, but also on its characterization. In The Pilgrim’s Progress, the characters in the work almost all serve exclusively to present unambiguously a certain principle in the doctrine of the Bible. The characters, such as Ignoranee, Talkative, Lord Hategood, Obstinate, Pliable etc., in a sense are not characters; they are even not character types; they are the reifieation and personifications of very explicit characteristics introduecd inio the text in order to illustrate a clear point. In a sense, there is only one charaeter in this story, Christian himself: the fulfillment of his salvation depends upon various stages of his spiritual growth.Ⅳ.Spiritual InfluenceThe Pilgrim’s Progress nearly has the same reputation with the Bible in western countries. It shows the author’s incomparable respect and devoutness by the hero Christian’s speech. The attitude of the Christian to god was absolutely complete. He followed God’s every orders and dared not to have any fault. And his efforts had gained plentiful reward. After a series hardship and trial, the Christian was welcomedinto the dreamed paradise holy city by the angel. Saying as the ideological content, John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most respectful work to God.For the above analysis, the Pilgrim’s Progress is undoubtedly successful. It influences the readers’mind greatly; meanwhile its many rhetoric and sentence making had been wildly cited as proverb, common saying, idiom and classical expressing ways in the English world. Bunyan achieved his faith, which was established by dream for using his The Pilgrim’s Progress.Ⅴ.References[1]谈竹琴. The Influence of The Bible on The Pilgrim's Progress[J]. 读与写(教育教学刊),2009,03:6-7+31.[2]林雅琴. The Christian Doctrines of Salvation at the Earlier Stages of The Pilgrim's Progress[J]. 海外英语,2011,09:278-279.[3]刘俊楠. A Tentative Feminist Exploration of the Innovation and Evolution of The Pilgrim's Progress-in Comparison with the Bible[D].赣南师范学院,2011.[4]李果. On the Biblical Allegory inThe Pilgrim’s Progress[M].湖南师范大学,2006,10.。
英国文学史习题_3
I. Choose the best answer for each blank.1. John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious .A. allegoryB. romanceC. comedyD. novel2. “Some books are to be tasted, others are to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested” is taken from ’s work.A. Thomas MoreB. Francis BaconC. John BunyanD. Matthew Arnold3. Hamlet, ______, King Lear and Macbeth are generally regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies.A. Romeo and JulietB. Timon of AthensC. A Lover's ComplaintD. Othello4. In Paradise Lost the author eulogizes the spirit of ______ that is though lost, but the______cannot be conquered, and the pursuit of revenge, immortal hate towards god will never be overcome.A. pessimism, knowledgeB. optimism, idealC. rebellion, willD. cynicism, concept5. Donne’s poetry is full of metaphors, original images, wit and______, except ingenuity, dexteroususe of colloquial speech, considerable flexibility of rhythm and meter, complex themes and caustic humor.A. conceitsB. Petrarchen imagesC. rhetoricsD. brevity6. The Merchant of Venice belongs to Shakespearian plays of_______.A. comedyB. sequence of sonnetsC. tragedyD. historical play7. The principal elements of novel are mystery, horror and suspense.A. GothicB. RomanticC. SentimentalD. Realistic8. Which of the following is a Gothic novel?A. Northanger AbbeyB. The Mysteries of UdolphoC. Gulliver’s TravelD. Robinson Crusoe9. “To be, or not to be: that is the question”expresses Hamlet’s ______ character.A. resoluteB. resolute and hesitantC. stubbornD. indecisive and hesitant10. Paradise Lost is a (n)________.A. lyrical poemB. hymnC. epicD. narrative poem11. The English Renaissance began during the reign of _________.A. Henry VIIIB. Charles IIC. Elizabeth ID. James I12. The four Greatest Tragedies of Shakespeare’s do NOT include __________.A. OthelloB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. Macbeth13. Which of the following comments on the Elizabethan Age is NOT true?A. It is the age of translation.B. It is the age of bourgeois revolution.C. It is the age of the protestant reformation.D. It is the age of exploration.14. Which of the following does NOT describe metaphysical poetry best represented by John Donne’s works?A. Elegant language.B. Conceit.C. ArgumentD. Common speech15. Paradise Lost by Milton took its material from_______.A. Greek mythologyB. The BibleC. Roman mythologyD. French romance16. _______ is the leading figure of the metaphysical school.A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John BunyanD. John Keats17. Donne’s famous analogy of parting lovers to a drawing compass provides a prime example of _______.A. conceitB. dramatic monologueC. exaggerationD. paradox18. Humanists of the Renaissance turned to the spirit of ______ culture for inspiration.A. Greek and RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. CelticD. Medieval19. The Elizabethan ______, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.A. poetryB. novelC. dramaD. essay20. _________, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. BeowulfB. The Faerie QueeneC. Robin HoodD. Piers the Plowman21. Francis Bacon’s achievements mainly lie in the following fields EXCEPT ____.A. poem writingB. scienceC. essay writingD. philosophy22. The Enlightenment Movement did not advocate ________.A. Rationality, reason, order and rulesB. return to the ancient classical worksC. inner feelings of individualsD. universal education23. ________ is not written by Alexander Pope.A. An Essay on CriticismB. The EssaysC. An Essay on ManD. The Dunciad24. The tone of Jonathan Swift’s novel Gulliver’s Travels is ________.A. sadB. sarcasticC. praisingD. detached25. Modern English novel arose in the ______ century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th26. In the 18th century English literature, the representative writer of neoclassicism is _____.A. Alexander PopeB. Jonathan SwiftC. Daniel DefoeD. John Milton27. The 18th century witnesses a new literary form—the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______presentation of life of the common English people.A. romanticB. idealisticC. propheticD. realistic28. You may have met the word “Yahoo”on internet, but you may also have met it in English literature. It is found in _______.A. Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Vanity FairC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. Tom Jones29. John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is a(n) _______.A. allegoryB. romanceC. comedyD. realistic novel30. _____ is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narrationD. Complicated sentence structure1. The _Enlightenment______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century.。
John Bunyan&The Pilgrim's Progress
天路历程英语读后感
天路历程英语读后感天路历程英语读后感The pilgrim"s progress can be said to be a very famous and very influential book in the Christian literature and a lot of people have read it. Actually when I first read the pilgrim"s progress I am not interested in it,even feel boring, and the result is I want to give up halfway. Why,because I don"t have experience of the Christian in this book. He encountered many difficulties, but I have not experienced, so I am not interested in it when I readied it.As time goes by I read it more and more, and I began to feel deeply the process of Christian struggling against difficulties. Then I find all sorts of experience of protagonist Christian is the mirror of most of ordinary people.The difficulties he met,also is that we met. His failure was also that we had been through. And each time he regained faith, which also brought us a great joy and hope, because we also are the people who have pursuit and ideal.From the knowledge level to see,The pilgrim"s progress is the most vitality predictions. This work is to write a virtual world, but it is the reality of the world in essence. This can make us more aware of the complexity behind the real world.This work mainly displayed that human losing himself needed redemption, and only can be saved through confessing their iniquity and believing God. All kinds of people Christian meet on the road are the people banyan met in any market, or any other streets in that era of Britain. This is the reason that novel have b vitality.Reading this book, what make me feel touched and shock isthat Christian faithfully began his difficult lonely journey for the beliefs in his heart. All the way he went through despair mire, humiliation valley, the valley of the shadow of death, vanity fair, doubt fort, and all the way he defended entanglement of atheist, ignorance, Mr. Smart, Mr. Apple, Mr. Love money and so on,and finally came to the kingdom of heaven to pay a formal visit god.Did you ever have the experience like Christian being overcome by difficulties?Did you ever same to feel very sad, and even discouraged?Let Christian’ s words remind us once again:My enemies!Do not rejoice over me,when I fall, I will rise up, I sit in darkness, and Jehovah will be a light unto me.Although we are not Christian, we can get a lot of valuable spiritual wealth from the Christian. In order to the paradise of the heart, he insisted on their beliefs, had indomitable sprint,did not be afraid of all kinds of difficulties and hardships, and ultimately achieved himself ideal. In the process toward the pilgrim,the Christian experienced all kinds of hardships and temptation, but the power of the divine in his heart drove him constantly.This is the power of faith. At each stage of the novel Christian has experienced many tests, frustrated. At the same time, he also got edification, friendship, understanding and joy. This is life"s most precious wealth. Only unswerving firmly believe that their beliefs, oneself will have the possibility of success. Give up is not successful. In the fiction, soft wanted to follow the Christian went to the kingdom of heaven, but while he encountered difficulty he hesitated and turned back. stubborn is so sure for everything,and he adhered others to accept his point of view, even he thinkhimself he did not need the help of others, also did not need any guidance. Succinct forthright language of Christian shows that he was a man of determination and perseverance.Only such as Christian, it will be possible to achieve their ideal. But, no one else will meet with difficulties. For example, in the valley of the shadow of death the heart of Christian appeared straggliest and hesitation. Christian had not set out on a journey yet and he was laughed at the family and the neighbor"s taunt.He met despair mire when he left not a long time. This kind of trouble continued until he reached the kingdom of heaven.The way of going the kingdom of ideal heaven is not only bright and sunny, but also has the dark clouds. I think we can get some enlightenment from the book to solve problems we are facing today. Christian started the journey to the kingdom of heaven. We saw him on the way to heaven, and in every step he was faced with choice weather continue or not. It also makes us associate that we are always faced with the same choice like Christian in our current life journey.The description is enough to tell everyone: faith is not a simple matter. Faith is not diversion,Even more is not a easy way of recreation In our time. everyone ,who has the ideal and faith,is the need to pay the price. A belief is not allowed to be satisfied with a smattering of knowledge. Beliefs demand people must devote your whole heart to the life of the whole to embrace that beautiful flame.。
The Pilgrim’s Progress
Theology of the Cross
These descriptions enough to tell everyone: faith is not a simple thing. The Christian faith are disciples need to pay the price, a belief is not allowed to be tasted, Christian faith required to holistic selfless heart and soul in the whole the life to embrace the beautiful flame. He who does not carry his cross and come after me is not worthy of me.
Theology of the Cross
The theology of the Cross (Latin: Theologia Cruets)[1] or staurology[2] (from Greek stauros: cross, and -logy: "the study of")[3]is a term coined by the theologian Martin Luther[1] to refer to theology that posits the cross as the only source of knowledge concerning who God is and how God saves. It is contrasted with the theology of glory[1] (theologia gloriae),[1] which places greater emphasis on human abilities and human reason.
the pilgrim's progress简介
the pilgrim's progress简介
《天路历程》(The Pilgrim's Progress)是英国作家约翰·班扬于1678年所著的长篇寓言小说。
小说讲述的是一个叫基督教的人,在追寻道路、逃离灾难和最终获得拯救的旅程中的故事。
这个故事以寓言形式,描述了人类在追求上帝的真理和救赎过程中所面临的各种诱惑和磨难,并通过主人公的历程,向读者阐述了基督教信仰的理念和价值观。
《天路历程》被认为是英国文学史上最具有影响力的作品之一,曾被翻译成100多种文字,对世界文学和文化产生了深远的影响。
它不仅被视为基督教文学的经典之作,也是英国文学中最重要的寓言小说之一,被誉为英国文学中的奇迹。
The-Pilgrim’s-Progress
Context in Christendom (基督教徒,基督教世界)
The explicit(详尽的,清楚地)
Protestant(基督教徒,新教徒) theology
(神学)of The Pilgrim‘s Progress made it
found in it a true personal experience told with strength, interest, humor----in a word, with all the qualities that such a story should possess. Young people have read it, first, for its intrinsic (本质的,内在的) worth, because the dramatic interest of the story lured them on to the end; and second, because
it was their introduction to true allegory. It was the only book having any story interest in the great majority of English and American home for a full century.
much more popular than its predecessors.
Bunyan’s gifts and plain style breathe life into the abstractions(抽象概念) of the anthropomorphized(人性化) temptations (诱惑) and abstractions that Christian encounters and with whom he converses(认 识,谈话) on his course to Heaven. Samuel
The Pilgrim’s Progress
救赎与恩典观念传达
救赎观念的体现
小说中基督徒的朝圣之旅实际上 是一次寻求救赎的过程,通过信 仰和虔诚,他最终获得了上帝的
救赎和拯救。
恩典观念的传达
在基督徒的旅程中,他不断领受到 上帝的恩典和眷顾,这些恩典不仅 帮助他克服困难,也让他更加坚定 自己的信仰。
救赎与恩典的关系
小说通过基督徒的经历展示了救赎 和恩典之间的密切关系,即救赎是 上帝对人类的拯救,而恩典则是上 帝对人类的爱和关怀。
清教徒思想影响
强调个人信仰
清教徒认为个人与上帝之间的直接关系是信仰的核心,强调个人 对《圣经》的解读和理解。
反对繁文缛节
清教徒反对教会中的繁文缛节和形式主义,主张简化宗教仪式,注 重内心的虔诚。
提倡勤奋节俭
清教徒提倡勤奋工作和节俭生活,认为这是实现个人价值和社会进 步的重要途径。
作者个人经历及信仰转变
遇见的人物及事件
“福音使者”
基督徒在逃离“毁灭之城”前,遇到了一位名叫“福音使者”的人,他向基督徒传授了 信仰和救赎的知识。
“忠信”与“盼望”
基督徒在旅途中结识了两位同伴——“忠信”与“盼望”,他们共同经历了许多艰难 险阻。
与“世界王子”的斗争
在穿越“狭谷”的过程中,基督徒遇到了代表世俗诱惑的“世界王子”,经过一场激烈 的斗争,基督徒最终战胜了“世界王子”,坚定了自己的信仰。
结局与寓意
结局
基督徒及其同伴最终抵达了“天城”,获得了永恒的救赎和幸福。
寓意
通过基督徒的历程,作品传达了对信仰、救赎和人生意义的深刻思考。它告诉人们,只有坚定信仰、 勇敢面对人生中的困难和挑战,才能最终获得真正的幸福和救赎。同时,《天路历程》也揭示了人性 的复杂性和世俗世界的诱惑,提醒人们要时刻保持警惕和自省。
The Pilgrim's Progress(β vision)
The Pilgrim's Progress was written during the period of the English Revolution. Also, it belongs to Puritan literature.
This period was one of confusion in literature due to the breaking up of the old ideals. Puritanism disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period. Literature was as divided in spirit as were the struggling parties
About writer: John Bunyan
John Bunyan is one of the great writers and evangelists o f the period of the English bourgeois revolution on the 1 8th century.
At that time, the Puritan believed in simplicity of life, many simple pleasures were forbidden and an austere(简朴的) standard of living was forced upon unwilling people.
Impression(万子豪)
As a tinker in a poor family , he experienced a lot , which laid his foundation for his thinking pattern ,confirmed him in his calling as a writer , made him realize that following Jesus may have difficulties. Influenced by Renaissance and his experience, he expressed his love for people .So, we can see that time and social degree can shape one’s character. In the book ,one chapter tells us that the person who did not understand the Bible was regarded as disappointment and will not gain entry to the Celestial City . Reading is important.
英美文学选读第二章笔记Neoclassical-period
I.Multle choice1.The 18th century England is known as the Enlightenment in thehistory英國的十八世紀也同時是啟蒙主義時代,或曰理性時代, 啟蒙運動是進步的知識分子運動,興盛於法國,後來席卷整個歐洲2.The Pilgrim’s progress is the most successful religious allegoryin the English language天路歷程是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言,它的主旨是讓人們遵循基督教教義3.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to beconcerned with the search for spiritual Salvation4.Among the representative of the Enlightenment, who was the firstto introduce rationlism to England?Alexander Pope 亞歷山大.蒲柏作為啟蒙主義時期的代表人物,蒲柏第一個將理性主義引入英國,他將現行的社會制度奉為理想的制度,但依然能看透那嚴重的道德,政治及文化上的腐朽沒落5.An essay on criticism , written in heroic couplet by Pope, isconsidered manifesto of English neoclassism論批評是用英雄雙韻體寫的說教詩, 倡導了古典主義標準,在英國普及了新古典主義6.Alexander Pope stongly advocated neoclassicism,emphasizing thatliterary works should be judged by classical rules of order,reason , logic , restrained emotion, good taste and decorum蒲柏是當時最偉大的詩人,他大力倡導新古典主義,強調文學作品的優劣應由古典的秩序尺度,理性,邏輯,情感的克制,高雅的品位及是否體面,正派來衡量7.The Dunciad is generally considered to be Pope’s best satiricwork群愚史詩是蒲柏最優秀的諷刺作品,他花了十年心血才將其完成8.Daniel Defore describes as a typical Englishmiddle-class man of the eighteen century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonistMoll Flanders 莫爾。
The-Pilgrim’s-Progress
just this side of the River of Death.
• The River of Death死亡河, the dreadful river
that surrounds Mount Zion, deeper or shallower depending on the faith of the one traversing it.
• MERCY宽容, CHRISTIANA's neighbour, who goes with her on pilgrimage and marries MATTHEW.
• MR. GREAT-HEART伟大的心先生, the guide and body-guard sent by the INTERPRETER with CHRISTIANA and her companions from his house to their journey's end. He proves to be one of the main protagonists in the Second Part.
• River of God or River of the Water of Life上帝 之河, a place of solace for the pilgrims. It flows
through a meadow, green all year long and filled with lush fruit trees.
Main Characters
• CHRISTIAN基督, whose name was Graceless at some time before, the protagonist in the First Part, whose journey to the Celestial City is the plot of the story.
简明英国文学史问题及答案
Quiz (1)1.The first settlers of the British Isles were Celt, and Britain got its name from a branch of thispeople called Briton. But later they were driven to live in Scotland, Wales and Ireland.不列颠群岛的第一批定居者是凯尔特人,Britain的叫法则就是来源于他们的一个叫做Briton(不列颠人)的分支。
但后来他们被驱赶到苏格兰,威尔士和爱尔兰居住。
2.The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were Germanic tribes originally living on the Continent. Theymoved to the British Isles and became the ancestors of the English people.盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人是最初居住在大陆的日耳曼部落。
他们搬到不列颠群岛,成为英国人的祖先。
3.The most important event of the Old English Period was Norman Conquest, which tookplace in the year 1066.古英语时期最重要的事件是1006年发生的诺尔曼征服。
4.The Roman Catholic Church sent St. Augustine to England in 597 to convert the Englishpeople to Catholicism.罗马天主教会于597年将圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰,使英国人皈依天主教。
two poems of this period apart from Beowulf: Widsith, and The Seafarer.请列出这段时期的除了《贝奥武夫》两首诗:Widsith(威德西斯)和The Seafarer(水手) 6.Beowulf is an epic of Alliterative lines, and it tells the events that took place on theContinent before they moved to the British Isles.贝奥武甫(Beowulf)是一首头韵体裁的史诗,它讲述了在大陆迁移到不列颠群岛之前发生的事件。
英国文学The Pilgrims Progress
• On his way to the Wicket Gate, Christian is diverted(转移) by Mr. Worldly Wiseman into seeking deliverance(解救) from his burden through the Law, supposedly with the help of a Mr. Legality and his son Civility in the village of Morality, rather than through Christ, allegorically by way of the Wicket Gate.
英国文学选读试题及答案解析浙江10月自考
英国文学选读试题及答案解析浙江10月自考浙江省2018年10月高等教育自学考试英国文学选读试题课程代码:10054注:所有试题答案均做在答题纸上,否则不计分。
Part Ⅰ: Choose the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.(10%) Section AA B(1)Shakespeare a. The Pilgrim's Progress(2)John Bunyan b. King Lear(3)Charles Dickens c. Jane Eyre(4)Charlotte Bronte d. Adam Bede(5)George Eliot e. Hard TimesSection BA B(1) The Merchant of Venice a. Satan(2) Paradise Lost b. Elizabeth Bennet(3) The History of T om Jones c. Portia(4) Pride and Prejudice d. Angel Clare(5) Tess of the D'Urbervilles e. Sophia WesternPart Ⅱ: Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (5%)1. The Elizabethan_____ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.2. In Milton's Paradise Lost, _____took revenge by tempting Adam and Eve to eat the forbiddenfruit.3. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about _____.4. The best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of his _____ against the hostile nature.5. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “Father of the English Novel" for his contribution to theestablishment of the form of the _____.6. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of _____ andColeridge's Lyrical Ballads.7. In Austen's novels, stories of love and _____ provide the major themes.8. As a woman of exceptional intelligence and life experience, George Eliot shows a particularconcern for the destiny of _____.9. _____ is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist of the 20th century.10. Laurence's autobiographical novel is _____.Part Ⅲ: Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (50%)1. About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?a. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.b. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.c. They couldn't see the human values in their works.d. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without any freedom andindependence.2. In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____.a. the faithfulness of loveb. the spirit of pursuing happinessc. the heroine's great beauty , wit and loyaltyd. both a and b3. One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.a. the flourishing of the dramab. the popularity of the realistic novelc. the domination of the classical poetryd. the close-down of all the theatres4. Which of the following is not John Milton's works?a. Paradise Lostb. Paradise Regainedc. Samson Agonistesd. Othello5. About reason , the enlighteners thought _____.a. reason or rationality should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activitiesb. reason couldn't lead to truth and justicec. superstition was above reason and rationalityd. equality and science is contrary to reason and rationality6. According to the neoclassicists, which of the following is true?a. All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek andRoman writers.b. They tried to delight, instruct and correct human beings as social animals.c. They tried to develop a polite, urbane ,witty, andintellectual art .d. all the above.7. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, _____.a. the Whigs and the Toriesb. the Senate and the House of Representativesc. the upper House and lower Housed. the House of Lords and the House of Representatives8. The hero in Robinson Crusoe is the prototype of _____.a. the empire builderb. the pioneer colonistc. the working peopled. both a and b9. As a representative of the enlightenment movement, Jonathan Swift thought _____.a. human nature is simple and na?veb. it was possible to reform and improve human nature and human institutionsc. human nature was destined and couldn't be changedd. to better human life, enlightenment is unnecessary10. The social significance of Gulliver's Travels lies in _____.a. the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European lifeb. his artistic skill in making the story an organic wholec. his central concern of study of human nature and lifed. both b and c11. Of the eighteenth-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to _____.a. instruct the people through his writingb. give the modern novel its structure and stylec. amuse the people through his worksd. adopt the third-person narration12. In Sheridan's plays, he is much concerned with the current moral issues and lashes harshly at_____.a. the social goodness of his timeb. the social vices of the dayc. the moral tradition of his aged. both b and c13. The Romantic period is an age of _____.a. proseb. dramac. poetryd. both a and c14. The two major novelists of the Romantic period are _____.a. William Wordsworth and John Keatsb. John Keats and Jane Austenc. Jane Austen and Walter Scottd. William15. Blake's Songs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholy tone.a. misery, poverty, disease, war and repressionb. happiness and love and romantic idealsc. misery , poverty mixed with love and happinessd. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferings16. Through his poems, Byron created the “Byronic hero" who is _____.a. a brave and stubborn rebel figure of noble originb. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble originc. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of lower origind. a brilliant, independent and romantic figure of his time17. In her novels, Jane Austen presents the quiet , day-to-day country life of _____.a. the upper-class Englishb. the upper-middle-class Englishc. the lower-class Englishd. the lower-middle-class English18. Which of the following can't be included in the critical realists of the Victorian Period?a. Charlotte and Emily Bronteb. Charles Dickens and William M. Thackerayc. Thomas Hardy and George Eliotd. D. H. Laurence and James Joyce19. English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of _____.a. novelb. dramac. poetryd. sonnet20. Hardy's last two novels _____ received a lot of hostile criticisms which led to his turning topoetry.a. The Dynasts and Jude the Obscureb. Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscurec. The Return of the Native and Tess of the D'Urbervillesd. The Return of the Native and Jude the Obscure21. Thomas Hardy's heroines and heroes , those unfortunate young men and women are all depictedin_____.a. their persistent pursuit for personal fulfillment and happinessb. their desperate struggle for personal fulfillment and happinessc. their desperate struggle for individual equality and freedomd. their persistent pursuit for better life and ideals22. The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry, which are mainlyrepresented by the following except _____.a. Thomas Hardyb. Ezra Poundc. T. S. Eliotd. Lord Byron23. In his novels, Laurence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships,especially those between _____, with a great frankness.a. man and natureb. man and societyc. man and womand. all of the above24. In The Man of Property, the typical Forsyte represents _____.a. the traditional and conservative values of the contemporary societyb. the essence of the principle that the accumulation of wealth is the sole aim of lifec. the predominant possessive instinct of the societyd. both a and c25. Which of the following is James Joyce's masterpiece?a. Dublinersb. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Manc. Ulyssesd. Finnegans WakePart Ⅳ: Interpretation (20%)Read the following selections and then answer the questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Let us go then, you and I,When the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table;Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,The muttering retreatsOf restless nights in one-night cheap hotelsAnd sawdust restaurants with oyster shells:Streets that follow like a tedious argumentOf insidious intentTo lead you to an overwhelming question…Oh, do not ask, “What is it?"Let us go and make our visit.……We have lingered in the chambers of the seaBy sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brownTill human voices wake us, and we drown.1.Who's the writer of this poem? Please interpret the protagonist of the poem.(2)It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man maybe on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.“My dear Mr. Bennet,”said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?”Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.“But it is,”returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.”Mr. Bennet made no answer.“Do not you want to know who has taken it?”cried his wife impatiently.“You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.”This was invitation enough.“Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that heis to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.”“What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our g irls!”“How so? How can it affect them?”“My dear Mr. Bennet,”replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”“Is that his design in settling here?”“Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.”2. Which novel is this passage taken from? Who is the author?3. Please interpret this passage.(3)With straining eagerness Catherine gazed towards the entrance of her chamber. He did not hit the right room directly, she motioned me to admit him, but he found it out ere I could reach the door, and in a stride or two was at her side, and had her grasped in his arms.He neither spoke nor loosed his hold for some five minutes, during which period he bestowed more kisses than ever he gave in his life before, I dare say: but then my mistress had kissed him first, and I plainly saw that he could hardly bear, for downright agony, to look into her face! The same conviction had stricken him as me, from the instant he beheld her, that there was no prospectof ultimate recovery there-she was fated, sure to die.‘Oh, Cathy! Oh, my life! How can I bear it?' was the first sentence he uttered, in a tone that did not seek to disguise his despair. And now he stared at her so earnestly that I thought the very intensity of his gaze would bring tears into his eyes; but they burned with anguish: they did not melt.‘What now?' said Catherine, leaning back, and return ing his look with a suddenly clouded brow: her humour was a mere vane for constantly varying caprices. ‘You and Edgar have broken my heart, Heathcliff! And you both came to bewail the deed to me, as if you were the people to be pitied! I shall not pity you, not I. You have killed me-and thriven on it, I think. How strong you are!How many years do you mean to live after I am gone?' Heathcliff had knelt on one knee to embrace her; he attempted to rise, but she seized his hair, and kept him down.‘I wish I could hold you,' she continued bitterly, ‘till we were both dead! I shouldn't care what you suffered. I care nothing for your sufferings. Why shouldn't you suffer? I do! Will you forget me? Will you be happy when I am in the earth? Will you say twenty years hence, “That's the grave of Catherine Earnshaw.I loved her long ago, and was wretched to lose her; but it is past. I've loved many others since: my children are dearer to me than she was; and at death, I shall not rejoice that I am going to her: I shall b e sorry that I must leave them!”Will you say so, Heathcliff?'‘Don't torture me till I am as mad as yourself,' cried he, wrenching his head free, and grinding his teeth.The two, to a cool spectator, made a strange and fearful picture. Well might Catherine deem that heaven would be a land of exile to her, unless with her mortal body she cast away her moral character also. Her present countenance had a wild vindictiveness in its white cheek, and a bloodless lip and scintillating eye; and she retained in her closed fingers a portion of the locks she had been grasping. As to her companion, while raising himself with one hand, he had taken her arm with the other; and so inadequate was his stock of gentleness to the requirements of her condition, that on his letting go I saw four distinct impressions left blue in the colourless skin.4. From which novel is this passage taken from? Who's the author?5. What's the relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff?Part Ⅴ: Give brief answers to the following questions.(15%)1. Please state Shakespeare's views on the Renaissance literature.2. Why is D.H. Laurence regarded as revolutionary in novel writing?。
英国文学复习
A. Please point out the author of the following works1. The Canterbury Tales ______Geoffrey chaucer___________________2.. Macbeth _______William Shakespeare__________________3. The Pilgrim’s Progress ___ (John Bunyan) ______________________4.New instrument Francis bacon5. Gulliver’s Travels __Jonathan swift_______________________6 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud _______Williamwordsworth__________________7. Samson Agonistes john milton8. The Review Daniel Defoe9.A Modest Proposal jonathan swift_10. Northanger AbbeyB. Multiple Choice(one point for each)1. The only complete piece of epic in old English is ________.A. The Geste of Robin HoodB. BeowulfC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Mort d’Arthur2. ________ is the main literary trend in the first period of the English Enlightenment.A. RealismB. RomanticismC. Neo-classicismD. Sentimentalism3. The rise and growth of the ________ is the most prominent achievement of the 18th century English literature.A. romantic poetryB. realistic novelC. neo-classical poetryD. sentimental novel4. Most of Shakespeare’s best plays were written in the ________ period of his dramaticcareer.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth5. John Milton is a great poet in the period of English ________.A. feudalismB. RenaissanceC. Bourgeois RevolutionD. Enlightenment6. ________ is regarded as“Father of English Prose”, who was the first to write essays in the English language.A. BedeB. AlfredC. Francis BaconD. Samuel Johnson7. The well-known soliloquy by Hamlet“To be or not to be…”shows his ________.A. hatred for his uncleB. love for lifeC. resolution of revengeD. inner strife8. _____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which iscondensed into fourteen lines (2006年真题第37题)A. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram9. The novel Emma is written by________.(2005年真题第35题)A. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte BronteC. GaskellD. Jane Austen10.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from . .A Jane EyreB Wuthering HeightsC Pride and PrejudiceD Senseand Sensibility11. Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A. Charlotte BronteB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Ann Radcliffe12.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are.A. Romeo and Juliet King Lear Othello Hamlet.B. Othello Hamlet. Macbeth The Merchant of ViceC. Hamlet Macbeth King Lear OthelloD. Romeo and Juliet The Merchant of Vice Othello Hamlet.13. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______.A. SurreyB. WyattC. SidneyD. Shakespeare14. “To be, or not to be - that is the question;/Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles ,/And by opposing end then?” These lines are taken from ______.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD. Hamlet15. Daniel Defoe’s ______ is universally considered as his masterpiece.A. Colonel JackB. Robinson CrusoeC. Captain SingletonD. A Journal of the Plague Year16. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modern world.A. the old EnglishB. the medievalC. the feudalistD. the capitalist17. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I amsoulless and heartless? ... And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. ” The quoted lines are most probably taken from ________.A. Great ExpectationsB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane EyreD. Pride and Prejudice18. John Milton’s greatest poetical work ________ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A. AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC. LycidasD. Samson AgonistesC. Blank Filling.1. The story in“Hamlet”comes from an old ___Danish_____________ legend.2. Sir Thomas Wyatt first brought the sonnet to England from ______Petrarchan__________.3. Paradise Lost is a long ______poem__________ divided into 12 books.4 Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English poetry, his masterpiece is the Canterbury Tales , written in the form of Heroic couplet , contains 24 tales.5. Daniel Defoe is the forerunner of English realistic novel.6. John Donne is the representative of Metaphysical poets.7.Shakespeare produces38 plays, 154 sonnets.8.Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, was buried in Westminster Abbey .9.In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human Labor .10 In Jane Austin’s masterpiece, Pride and Prejudice, Darcy stands for pride, and Elizabeth stands for prejudice.E.Reading ComprehensionRead the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.”Questions:A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines aretaken. Sonnet 18 William shakespeare the figure of speech employed in the poem.C.Alliteration 头韵personification 拟人inversion 倒装D.What is the theme of the poem.E.In this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except inpoetry or art (your beauty can last only if I put it down in my poetry).F.D. Questions.1. Make a comment on one of the following writers.(at least 150words)Francis Bacon, Daniel Defoe, Jane Austen.2 .Make a comment on Shakespeare’s artistic achievement.38play 154 sonnentA. shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they represent certain types; they are individ uals representing certain types. By employing a psychoanalytical a pproach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters’ inn er world. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contras ts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.B. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plot; instead, he borro ws them from old plays or storybook, fron ancient Greek or Roman sources. In order to make the play more lively and compact, he wo uld shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually sever al clues running through the play, thus providing the story with the suspense and apprehension.C. Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic forms, such a s the sonnet, the blank verse and the rhymed couplet. He has an am azing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words a nd distortion of the meaning of the old words also creates striking e ffects on the readers.3. Jane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian Age. Why is Jane Eyre such a successful novel?A. it is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing socity.B. it is an intense moral fable.C. the success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine4. “Wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age,and old men’s nurses, so as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will.” Do you agree with the statement? Talk about your reason.5. Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe was a great successpartly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero.Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England. Talk about your reason.A. Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of thebourgeois or middle class.a. The Industrial Revolutionb. The expansion of international markets;c. Values/virtues/moral standards/...different from those of the feudal aristocratic class -courageous,full of energy, hard working, practical, resourceful, self-reliant, etc; thusd. Literature should give/provide a realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it shouldmeet the demand/interest of the middle class people.B. Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtue of the middle class people.a. Crusoe as an adventurous/courageous man full of energy and courage: (example from the text):b. Crusoe as a practical man: (example from the text);c. Crusoe as a resourceful/self-reliant man: (example from the text);d. Crusoe as a patient/persistent man: (example from the text);e. And others.Reference:Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of the bourgeois or middle class.a The industrial revolutionb The expansion of international marketsc Values/virtues/moral standards/…….different from those of the feudal aristocratic class---courageous, full of energy, hard working, practical, resourceful, self-reliant, etc.d Literature should give/ provide a realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it should meet the demand/interest of the middle class people.Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtues of the middle class people.a Crusoe as an adventurous/courageous man full of energy and courage(example from the text);b Crusoe as a practical man(example from the text)c Crusoe as a resourceful/self-reliant man(example from the text)d Crusoe as a patient/persistent man(example from the text)e And others.。
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Report of T he Pilgrim’s Progress
Course: History of British Literature Date: 27th, October 2012
Recently I’ve read the Christian allegory The Pilgrim’s Progress, which was written by John Bunyan, an English author, in 1687. It’s regarded as one of the most significant masterpieces of religious English Literature following The Bible. Besides, this novel reflects several aspects of the 17th society in Britain, so it can be called a realistic literature as well. For its perfect mixture of religion and carnal society, I appreciate it very much.
This novel told a story combined by two parts, both of which were related to the arduous journeys of Christians. The protagonist in former part was named Christian, who originally lived in the City of Destruction, determined to take off the burden on his back and avoid being destroyed in his hometown, so he set out to seek for the Celestial City. He met with different people and various things on the way, which might guide him, mislead him, hurt him, help him or frighten him. Fortunately, he overcame all the difficulties and temptations,and eventually reached the Celestial City. The latter part wa s about Christian’s family, his wife and children. They also confronted numerous similar challenges, but our heroine succeeded with other’s helps and arrived in the same place as Christian. Bunyan was a Christian, and he wrote to announce his piety. Although the world, not only in the novel but also in the real society, was much wicked and immoral, the religious Christian chose to keep piety and pursue beauty and kindness. They trusted the God and they believed the world would become ideal one day with their sincere prayers and devotion.
I chose to read this novel with an intention to learn more about religion, meanwhile I was a little afraid because of cultural difference this theme might be too recondite and hard for me to understand. However, the Pilgrim’s Progress proved my worries were needless by its vivid language and clear structure. I searched the Internet and found the writer Bunyan born in a craftsman’s family wasn’t well_educated. I regarded it as a main reason to his simple writing style, which was quite different from other pedantic authors’. What matteredwa s not one’s educational degree, but his profound understanding of the theme. Bunyan did quite well in this point. He devoted his whole life into the religional career so that he was qualified to produce such an excellent masterpiece. Besides, I supposed the way that the roles in this book were named also contributed a lot to the readers’ understanding. For instance, the man who Christian met on the top of the Hill Difficulty was named Timorous, for his characteristic was timidity. Timorous was so faint-hearted that he was even scared off by the tied lion in the daytime. I could master Bunyan’s intention of this man at the first sight of his name. However, it did n’t mean all the roles were simply signed by their names in the book; on the contrary, they were all derived from flesh and blood in the carnal world,
so critics thought highly of the book for its vivid reflection of the real society.
In my consideration, another decisive reason for the b ook’s popularity is the innovative structure. In the beginning of the story Bunyan told the readers it happened in a man’s dream, and during the process of story-telling, the dreamer interrupted many times to narrate what he observed in his dream. As we knew, implicit dreams were supposed to foretell something in the future, so Bunyan created a dreaming way to tell the religional allegory, in order to remind readers to think deeply of the story, not just take it for amusement.
The Pilgrim’s Progress enjoys my repeated compliments, and it impresses me so much with its concise language, attractive structure and profound contents. I’m an atheist, but I still suppose it’s a suitable approach to know more concerning Christianism, if students feel unsatisfied with some dull religional lectures.。