Review for Final Part 2复习
Final Review
Part III (共 10分，每小题 2 分) Directions: Add the missing words to the following headlines. 1. Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered 2. Rail Chaos Getting Worse 3. Alaskan Oil for Japan 4. Woman Kills Husband, Self 5. Mao: We Should Support Third World Countries
E A sudden, violent disruption or upset
Underrepresented C Become completely involved in an activity
4
5
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F
Leadership and control of one state over other states
Part IV(共 10 分，每小题 2分) Directions: All of the following stories are introduced by headlines containing some unfamiliar words. Read each story to find out the meanings. Scientists hide messages in DNA microdots Old steganography merged with hi-tech London, Reuters Future spies may need a degree in molecular biology to keep up with the newest secret coding technique devised by scientists in the United States. James Bond and Mata Hari could have learned a thing or two from researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. They combined DNA technology with the ancient concept of steganography — concealing a message within a large number of similar objects — and reduced it all to the size of a photographic microdot, similar to the ones used by German spies during World War Two to transmit secret messages. From the story, explain what steganography means： ___________________________________________________________
《综合英语（二）》复习资料
《综合英语（二）》复习资料《综合英语（二）》复习资料1I. Multiple Choice1. Don’t let the child play with scissors_________he cuts himself.A. in caseB. so thatC. now thatD. only if2. He wrote the letter _________a new pen.A. inB. onC. withD. by3. ________ it’s an old ritual, ________ Coming-of-Age Day is changing.A. Though; butB. Although; butC. Though; /D. Although; and4. She says she would do the same work _________ she didn 't receive any money for it.A. ifB. even ifC. so thatD. because5. The teacher had no control _________ the children.A. overB. onC. ofD. to6. He suggests we_________to the cinema at once, otherwise we will be late.A. must goB. goC. will goD. would go7. You will not be_________about your food in time of great hunger.A. specialB. particularC. peculiarD. specific8. I wish you_________go with me tomorrow.A. willB. wouldC. shallD. can9. There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the _________from fall to winter.A. transmissionB. transformationC. transitionD. transfer10. In some countries, the Grown-up celebration is a very formal ________.A. accidentB. eventC. incidentD. matter11. _________,so he didn’t come to school last week.A. Though he was illB. Being illC. Having been illD. He was ill12. He will be back in ________________ day or twoA. aB. theC. anD. /13. During rumspringa, Amish teenagers can do ________they want to do.A. whatB. thatC. whateverD. those14. ____________________today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leaving成考复习资料C. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves15. These rules are similar ________ the first rule I just discussed.A. toB. withC. asD. by16. They all remained __________ in the lecture hall.B. standingC. stoodD. to stand17. If I had come here yesterday, I _________________him.A. would have seenB. would seeC. have seenD. saw18. Most rites of passage have three ________, or parts, in the ritual: separation, transition, and incorporation.A. stagesB. proceduresC. tasksD. periods19. This movie is not_________for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.A. profoundB. validC. decentD. upright20. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported_________________ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.A. breakingB. having brokenC. to have brokenD. to break21. Many people like white color as it is a_________of purity.A. symbolC. signalD. symptom22. A student is allowed to leave the room __________ a teacher has given permission.A. in caseB. only ifC. even ifD. as soon as23. ________ N(n)ew kimonos are expensive, ________ many women do not buy them.A. Because;soB. /;soC. /;andD. As;so24. Many of my mother’s friends _________ Buddhism.A. believeB. believe inC. have faith inD. have confidence in25. He has been doing badly __________ his operation.A. since everB. from then onC. ever sinceD. after thatII. Word Formation.Directions: Complete the sentences with the proper form of the words in the brackets.1.She had attended an interview, at her boyfriend’s __________ (insist).2.After their meeting, both men described the talks as frank, friendly and _____ (construct).3.The young man met all the health __________ (qualify) a fighter pilot needs.4.In modern society, work and ongoing education are becoming __________ (separate); learninghas become a lifelong necessity.5.Both the sisters work in a supermarket wrapping and __________ (delivery) gifts.成考复习资料6.__________ (expose) to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.7.Through some __________ (fortunate) accident, the information reached me a day late.8.He is a university professor who __________ (special) in the history of Russian empire.9.Is it possible to __________ (pursuit) economic reform and democracy at the same time?10.The border crossing with Egypt is restricted to travelers with special permission, and thecrossings with Israel are virtually __________ (penetrable) for Palestinians.III. Blank Filling.1.My income caries from month to month. It __________ to be about 5,000 yuan.2.Yes, now we know that the owner of the coal mine is responsible for the death of the 43 miners.But on one can yet __________ how he could have hidden the facts for so long.3.I took the teacher’s warning and decided to work __________. As time went by, I began toimprove rapidly. My efforts proved to be very rewarding.4.I never felt at ease in front of strangers when I was a kid, soI usually __________.5.I forgot the time __________ carelessness. So by the time I got to the cinema the movie was allbut over.6.He did not look very impressive __________ personal appearance, but he turned out to be aman of very unusual talents.7.The 33 Chilean coal miners were __________ love for their country when they were finallybrought up to the surface safe and sound.8.There are corrupt officials __________. But I believe there are honest officials around as wellwho care about the people and their own good name, and will rise to the occasion when the moment comes.9.Many young people fresh out of university are __________ a reasonably inexpensive place tolive. The city government knows this and has promised to see to it that they will soon have apartments they can afford.10.It is understood that during the president’s absence, the vice-president will __________ theweekly meeting.IV. ClozeThe man who brings my milk used to knock for his money for the week’s milk while I was eating breakfast on Saturday morning.1lately he has been arriving before I get up. Staff 2mean thatfour men are sharing fiverounds. So he has to start 3. Delivering milk to people’s homes is scarcely good business, especially when the consumer may have a choice of two or three firms 4 a single road. 5my local difficulties, however, labor troubles are not as acute as a few years ago. There are enough men prepared to make an early morning stake 6an open-air job 7 a fair measure of freedom.8 they did stop calling, women should find 9hard work to collect all the milk they need 10 self-service stores. Dairies 11that stopping deliveries in the United States resulted in falling sales.Marketing ideas have included introducing extra lines, 12dairy products, 13the milkmen can carry to increase turnover. Already they have taken over many rounds given up by bakeries. One dairyman said: “It won’t be long 14the milkman delivers more bread than milk.” Some milkmen deliver pot atoes, 15it seems as though diversification will be limited only 16the size of the vans.So the milkman is likely to remain a familiar 17, and the dairy products he sells 18 change very much in this decade. Flavored milk is popular on the Continent. In Britain those who like it buy plain milk and add their own flavoring.19the returnable bottle continues to be used. As long as it has a reasonable life-----30 to 40 trips are usual-----the cost of collection and cleaning is 20.1. A) Soon B) Just C) After D) When2. A) storage B) lack C) short D) shortages3. A) early B) earliest C) earlier D) more early4. A) serving B) deserving C) reserving D) preserving5. A) In spite of B) in case of C) Because of D) With6. A) for the reason of B) for the sake of C) in order for D) as for7. A) with B) for C) in D) to8. A) If B) Though C) As D) Because9. A) that B) it C) this D) X10. A) from B) for C) into D) through11. A) noticed B) are aware C) get to know D) understand12. A) except for B) for example C) in addition to D) such as13. A) for which B) in which C) of which D) which14. A) that B) when C) after D) before15. A) and B) for C)so D) however16. A) for B) by C) in D) with17. A) figure B) number C) staff D) rate18. A) are unlikely to B) are likely to C) are surely to D) are likely not to19. A) So B) For C) Even D) As成考复习资料20. A) worthy B) worthwhile C) worthless D) worth答案Ⅰ. Multiple Choice1-5ACCBA 6-10 BBBCB 11—15 DACCA 16—20 BAACC 21—25 ABBBC II. Word formation1. insistence2. constructive3. qualifications4. inseparable5. delivering6. exposure7. unfortunate8. specializes9. pursue 10. impenetrableⅢ. Blank filling1. averages out2. account for3. with a will4. kept to myself5. out of6. in terms of7. bursting with8. to be sure.9. stuck for 10. preside overIV.Cloze1-5 BDCAA 6-10: BAABA 11-15: BCDDA 16-20: BAACB成考复习资料《综合英语（二）》复习资料2I. Multiple Choice1. ______ is not considered a good practice.A. To make promises without keeping themB. Made promises without keeping themC. Making promises without keeping themD. She makes promises without keeping them2. ______ many earthquake victims, but they also helped them to recover from the shock.A. Not only did the medical team saveB. The medical team not only savesC. Not only the medical team savedD. Not only does the medical team save3. The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable crash made him a national hero. Theitalicized part is ______.A. attributive clauseB. subjective clauseC. appositive clauseD. objective clause4. ______ his nervousness, he kept shaking my hand and wouldn’t let go of it.A. Owe toB. BecauseC. Owning toD. Owing to5. I like to sleep _____ the windows open.A. asB. whenC. withD. if6. The job was not very well paid. She took it just _______ interest.A. becauseB. out ofC. withD. in7. Well, we agreed that night that we _______ meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time.A. willB. are going toC. was going toD. would8. She is _______to what people think of her.A. sensibleB. reasonableC. sensitiveD. sentimental9. What the lecturer has said ____ everyone present.A. is concerned aboutB. applies forC. is concerned inD. applies to10. The struggle between the two parties became so bitter that it was almost ____ a riot.A. in the nature ofB. in terms ofC. in the respect ofD. in view of11. A lot of people were waiting for the shop ___.A. openB. to be openedC. to be openingD. to have been opening12. ----Come on; please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled13. These are kamikaze jobs, the ones almost to end your career.A. guaranteedB. guaranteeC. guaranteesD. guaranteeing14. If you have a spouse and children who _______ you at home every day, overworking would be difficult.A. hopeB. expectC. wishD. anticipate15. Soon I saw a small brick cottage that glowed pinkly in the ________ sun.A. westB. westernC. westeringD. wester16. People did not teach their children to be _______ of strangers in the past.A. variedB. varyC. wariedD. wary17. The sound of their laughter died away.Which one of the following definitions has the same meaning with the underlined phrase?A. to become gradually weaker or fainter and finally disappearB. to become as dead as a cold stoneC. to become lifeless and finally dieD. to become not so lively and finally no one can feel it18. The cries of _____ filled the air.A. injured and dyingB. the injured and dyingC. injuring and diedD. the injuring and died19. ______ hurling pumice stones and ash into the air.A. Once had not Vesuvius stoppedB. Once not had Vesuvius stoppedC. Not once had Vesuvius stoppedD. Not had once Vesuvius stopped20. They waited there, too ______ to run further, ______ the end.A. frightening … expectedB. frightened … expectedC. frightening … expectingD. frightened … expecting成考复习资料Ⅱ. Word FormationDirections: Complete the sentences with the proper form of the words in the brackets.1. The modest group size allows our teachers to ___________ (responsible) to the needs of each student.2. Worrying about the things that are not in our control is wasteful and ___________ (destroy).3. Eating with the troops and sitting and listening to their stories was incredibly ___________ (reward).4. Within the next day or two, they have to make a ___________ (moment) choice.5. Xenia Forrester and her husband Mark decided to ___________ (extension) a helping hand to the street artists after hearing about the difficulties they faced while trying to sell their work.6. It is an economic ___________ (revive) driven in large part by massive stimulus measures around the world.7. He said that building works and interior design will be carried out to a high ___________ (specify).8. There are fewer than 1000 pandas left alive, probably insufficient to sustain the ___________ (continue) of the species.9. Without an audience the performance is ___________ (point).10. Let us descend from the virtual world of perfection to the real, ___________ (perfect) world we are living in.III. Blank Filling1. Everybody can see that he is ________ power. I don’t think he will succeed in winning the support of the people again.2. All business companies are out to make a profit. Tha t’s why the law must _________ they don’t get away easily if they cheat us.3. The word “terrorist”is worth analyzing. We can’t refer to everyone who fights as a terrorist. ___________, we can’t describe those who kill innocent women and children as “revolutionaries” either. We must make a distinction between these people.4. What we _______ as “The Palace Museum” today used to the emperor’s palace. It is also known as the Forbidden City, and was first built in the Ming Dynasty.5. We invited her to go mountain climbing with us, but she didn’t ________ go because the doctor had been warning her against too much exercise.6. We were nervous at first. Then the professor told us that he had been looking forward to this party because he loved the dumplings we were about to make for him today. This immediately put us _______.7. You can’t expect a child of ten to _________ the full meaning of social responsibility. The boy only used this expression out of curiosity.8. At the recent APEC meeting, we emphasized the problems we had _________ and suggested we work for closer cooperation, and all countries responded to our suggestion warmly.9. Everybody _______ the big gap between the rich and the poor, and we also have many good suggestions on how to solve this problem. We only lack the courage to act on these suggestions.10. He did not look very impressive in terms of personal appearance, but he ________ to be a man of very unusual talents.IV. ClozeA land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply ——all these were important 1in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men4individuals who could invent machines, find new5of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who6the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were8inventors than scientists. A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10. He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used.An inventor of one interested in applied science is 12trying to make something that has a concrete 13. He may try to solve a problem by singing the theories 14science or experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16other objectives.Most of people who 17the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were bothscientists and inventors. Even those who had 18or no training in science might not have made their inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years20.1. A) cases B) reasons C) factors D) situations成考复习资料2. A) But B) And C) Besides D) Even3. A) else B) near C) extra D) similar4. A) generating B) effective C) motivating D) creative5. A) origins B) sources C) bases D) discoveries6. A) employed B) created C) operated D) controlled7. A) came B) arrived C) stemmed D) appeared8. A) less B) better C) more D) worse9. A) genuine B) practical C) pure D) clever10. A) happily B) occasionally C) reluctantly D) accurately11. A) now B) and C) all D) so12. A) seldom B) sometimes C) usually D) never13. A) plan B) use C) idea D) means14. A) of B) with C) to D) as15. A) single B) sole C) specialized D) specific16. A) few B) those C) many D) all17. A) proposed B) developed C) supplied D) offered18. A) little B) much C) some D) any19. A) as B) if C) because D) while20. A) ago B) past C) ahead D)before答案Ⅰ. Multiple Choice1-5: CACDC 6-10: BDCDA 11-15 BBABC 16-20 DABCDII. Word formation1. respond2. destructive3. rewarding4. momentous5. extend6. revival7. specification8.continuity9. pointless 10. imperfect Ⅲ. Blank filling1. out for2. see to it that3. On the other hand4. refer to5. care to6. at ease7. take in8. in common9. is aware of 10. turned outIV.Cloze1-5 CAADB 6-10 BACCD 11-15 DCBAD 16-20 CBABD成考复习资料《综合英语（二）》复习资料3I. Multiple Choice1.Suddenly, he ______ me with a knife.A. went atB. went forC. went in forD. went by2.The king in disguise passed through the crowd without ______.A. been recognizedB. being recognizedC. recognizedD. recognizing3.It is important to understand the powerful economic and social forces ______ behind our ownaction.A. at workB. on workC. in workD. by work4.This technology will ______ if the United States goes to war with Iraq.A. come into playB. come into beingC. come into effectD. come into power5.Mary heard the ______ bell of an ambulance.A. penetratedB. penetrableC. penetratingD. penetration6.The pair of emphasizing coordinating conjunctions in “…the business of the college is not onlyto train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought.” connects ___________.A. two nounsB. two infinitive phrasesC. two modal verbsD. two prepositional phrases7.I don’t like the way ______.A. the man talkedB. that the man talkedC. which the man talkedD. on which the man talked8.Which one in the following cannot be considered as an antonym of “indifferent”?A. interestedB. differentC. keenD. enthusiastic9.He all but cried with relief when he knew he passed the exam. In the following choices, whichexpression has the same meaning as “all but”？A. completelyB. almostC. hardlyD. merely10.He lost his job ______ because of his incompetence ______ because of his age. At 45, he wasconsidered too old.A. not only...but alsoB. not so much...forC. not so much...asD. either...or11.She ______ at the thought that she could have been killed.A. shudderedB. shiveredC. shookD. shimmered12.It was possible to protect oneself from the pumice stones but not from the gas, and Pompeiiansdied ______.A. with the hundredsB. in the hundredsC. by the hundredsD. on the hundreds13.Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.A. had decreasedB. decreasedC. has been decreasingD. is decreasing14.Mary is ______ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. not soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less15.There is no doubt ______ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when16.Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize ______.A. on his partB. on his behalfC. for his partD. for his behalf17.The owls were ______ into England, not native.A. broughtB. producedC. introducedD. recommended18.Many, ______ not most, college students have part-time jobs.A. justB. ifC. onlyD. are19.To stop there was like clearing the ground without any idea of what was ______ on it.A. builtB. being builtC. to buildD. to be built20.The universe has left the conditions of human existence ______.A. precariously balancedB. to be balancedC. precarious balanceD. was balancedII. Word FormationDirections: Complete the sentences with the proper form of the words in the brackets.1.You must realize that it is _________ (arrogant) that has cramped your progress.2.It was _________ (consider) of him to keep us waiting like that.3.The _________ (extend) of the garden will take several weeks.4.She later developed a deep _________ (admire) for Mike.5.To my great _________ (amuse), his false beard fell off.6.He noticed with shock the _________ (frail) of her thin body.7.He is amazingly _________ (persist) in trying to get that beautiful girl to go out with him.8.An _________ (overwhelm) majority of the members were against the idea.9.In this new digital age, how do we keep ourselves from being _________ (inform)?10.The poet expressed in his poem his deep and _________(endure) affection for hismotherland.Directions: Complete the sentences, using the proper form of the expressions listed below.成考复习资料1.They decide to stop exporting wheat because as a result of the terrible drought, they _________enough food to feed the nation.2. A man needs a rest. _________ economy. You can’t expect economy to keep on growingrapidly forever.3.He knew that he had hurt his brother’s feelings. He wished to _________.4.Interracial relationship is not easy because soon their cultural differences will _________.5.After he analyzed the complicated situation there, he _________ that it wouldn’t be so easy tofind a peaceful settlement for the moment.6._________ government policy the unemployment rate has dropped. It was reduced to less thanfour percent for the first half of the year.7.I was just about to leave the office yesterday when hesuddenly _________ the room withoutknocking at the door, wild with anger.8.You can’t expect a child of ten to _________ the full meaning of social responsibility. The boyonly used this expression out of curiosity.9.I forgot the time out of carelessness. So by the time I got to the cinema the movie was_________ over.10.I never felt at ease in front of strangers when I was a kid, so I usually _________.IV. ClozeThe last tunnel across the English channel is reported to have been linked at the end of June, 1991. Thus, the long-expected Eurotunnel will soon be open 1 public. Before long, one will be able to travel from London to Paris 2 3.5 hours.Until recently, the English Channel was 3 by the British as their last-ditch defence 4 their enemies. It was not until after World War II 5 the British began to 6 the importance of an all-weather link 7 the outside world. 8 there is still a psychological 9 that stands between the British public and a bridge 10 this particular stretch of water. Some people think that it’s going to have 11 disadvantages than advantages. For example, the British have 12 to control the spread of rabies （狂犬病）. They are afraid that Eurotunnel will 13 back this terrible disease. Some people 14 that the opening of the tunnel will 15 Britain i nto a s muggler’s paradise. Others 16 that the vast construction of the tunnel will17 the quiet greenery of the Knet countryside.18 all these objections, the desire 19 a closer link with the 20 and the entire world is irresistible. Most people believe that the tunnel will be good for Britain.1. A) for B) into C) to D) towards2. A) in B) for C) with D) within3. A) considered B) organized C) served D) turned4. A) against B) towards C) around D) beyond5. A) that B) which C) when D) and6. A) confirm B) realize C) define D) restrict7. A) over B) through C) in D) with8. A) Therefore B) Moreover C) Besides D) Yet9. A) block B) lock C) jam D) tie10. A) above B) across C) on D) up11. A) rather B) much C) many D) more12. A) planned B) developed C) managed D) succeeded13. A) return B) come C) bring D) get14. A) afraid B) fear C) frighten D) threaten15. A) plunge B) put C) turn D) set16. A) argue B) quarrel C) inquire D) judge17. A) collapse B) destroy C) impact D) grind18.A) In addition to B) Despite C) Regardless D) But for19. A) of B) for C) concerning D) around20. A) land B) country C) continent D) people成考复习资料答案Ⅰ. Multiple Choice1-5 ABAAC 6-10 BABBC 11—15: ABCDB 16—20:DCBDA II. Word formation1.arrogance2. inconsiderate3. extension4. admiration5. amusement6. frailty7. persistent8. overwhelming9. misinformed 10. enduringⅢ. Blank filling1.are stuck for2. the same goes for3. make it up to him4. come into play5. came to the conclusion6. Thanks to7. burst into8. take in9. all but 10. kept to myselfIV. Cloze1-5 CDAAA 6-10 BDDAB 11-15 DCCBC 16-20 ABBBC。
美国文学复习资料
美国⽂学复习资料The Review Information of Final Examination⼀、Match ( the writer and their works)1、Anne Bradstreet：《Some verses on the Burning of Our House》；《The Spirit and the Flesh》；《The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America》2、Michael Wigglesworth：《The Day of Doom》3、Edward Taylor：《Preparatory Meditation》4、Thomas Jefferson：《The Declaration of Independence》5、Thomas Paine: 《Common Sense》6、Benjamin Franklin: 《Poor Richard’s Almanac格⾔历书》；《Autobiography⾃传》7、Philip Freneau：《The Rising Glory of America美洲光辉的兴起》；《The House of Night夜之屋》；《The British Prison Ship英国囚船》；《To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇⼠》；《The Wild Honey Suckle 野⾦银花》；《The Indian Burying Ground印第安⼈墓地》；《The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi奄奄⼀息的印第安⼈：托姆·察吉》8、Washington Irving：《A History of New York纽约外史》（under the name of Diedrich Knickerbocker）；《The Sketch Book见闻札记/札记集》（《Rip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·温克尔》&《The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡⾕的传说》）；《Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布⾥奇庄园》；《Tales of a Traveler》；《Oliver Goldsmith哥尔德斯密斯》；《Life of George Washington华盛顿传》；9、James Fenimore Cooper：《Precaution》；《The Spy》；《The Pioneers》；《The Pilot》；《Lionel Lincoln》;《The Last of the Mohicans》；《The RedRover》；《The Prairie》；《The Red Rover》1828；《The Wept of Wish-Ton-Wish》；《The Water Witch》1830；《The Pathfinder》；《The Deerslayer》；10、William Cullen Bryant：《To a Waterfowl致⽔鸟》；《Thanatopsis死亡随想》；《The Yellow Violet黄⾊堇⾹花》；《Poems诗选》；《The Fountain 泉》；《The White-Footed Deer⽩蹄⿅》；《A Forest Hymn森林赋》；《The Flood of Years似⽔流年》；11、Edgar Allan Poe：《Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque奇异怪诞故事集》；《MS. Found in a Bottle瓶⼦⾥发现的⼿稿》；《The Murders in the Rue Morgue⽑格街杀⼈案》；《The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌》；《The Masque of the Red Death红⾊死亡的化妆舞会》；《The Cask of Amontillado⼀桶酒的故事》；《The Raven乌鸦》；《Israfel伊斯拉菲尔》；《Annabel Lee安娜贝尔?李》；《To Helen致海伦》；《The Poetic Principle诗歌原理》；《The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学》12、Nathaniel Howthorne：《Twice-Told Tales故事重述》；《Mosses from an Old Manse古宅青苔》；《The Scarlet Letter红字》；《The House of the Seven Gables七个尖⾓阁的房⼦》；《The Blithedale Romance福⾕传奇》；《The Marble Faun⼤理⽯雕像》；《Young Goodman Brown好⼩伙⼉布朗》；《The Minister’s Black Veil教长的⿊⾯纱》；《Dr. Rappacini’s Daughter拉普齐尼博⼠的⼥⼉13、William Whitman：《Leaves of Grass》14、Ralph Waldo Emerson：《Nature》；《The American Scholar》, regarded as 《Declaration of Intellectual Independence》；《The Poet》；《Self-Reliance》；《Each and All》15、Henry David Thoreau：《A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers》；《Walden》；《Life in the Woods》；《The Maine Woods》；《Civil Disobedience》；《A Plea for Captain John Brown》；16、William Dean Howells：《The Rise of Silas Lapham》；《A Chance Acquaintance》；《A Modern Instance》17、Regional literature （similar, but larger in the world）Garland, Harte – the westBret Harte: The Luck of Roaring Camp《咆哮营的幸运⼉》Hamlin Garland: Main-travelled Roads《⼤路条条》Eggleston – Indiana：The Hoosier Schoolmaster《⼭区校长》Mrs. Stowe Old Town Folks《⽼城的⼈们》Jewett – Maine Deephaven《深深拥有》Kate Chopin – Louisiana：Bayou Folk《路易斯安娜移民》, A Night inAcadie《爱克迪之夜》, The Awakening《觉醒》Woolson: Castle Nowhere: Lake-Country Sketches《处处城堡：乡村湖景札记》18、Bret Harte：《Tennessee’s Partener》；《The Luck of Roaring Camp》19、Hannibal Hamlin Garland：《Main-travelled Roads》；《Mrs Ripley’s Trip》20、Mark Twain：《The Gilded Age镀⾦时代》；《the two advantages》；《Life on the Mississippi》；《A Connecticut Yankee in King》，《Arthur’s Court》；《The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug》；《Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记》；《The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆·索亚历险记》；《The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County》；《The Innocents Abroad》(non-fiction travel)；《Roughing It艰苦岁⽉》(non-fiction)；《The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County卡城名蛙》；The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (fiction)The Innocents Abroad傻⼦出国记(non-fiction travel)Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First RomanceSketches New and Old (fictional stories)Old Times on the Mississippi (non-fiction)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (fiction)A Murder, a Mystery, and a Marriage (fiction);A Tramp Abroad (travel)1601: Conversation, as it was by the Social Fireside, in the Time ofthe Tudors (fiction)The Prince and the Pauper 王⼦与贫⼉(fiction)Life on the Mississippi密西西⽐河上(non-fiction (mainly))Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (fiction)A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (fiction)The American Claimant (fiction)The ￡1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories (fictional)Tom Sawyer Abroad (fiction)The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (fiction)Tom Sawyer, Detective (fiction)Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (fiction)How to Tell a Story and other Essays (non-fictional essays)Following the Equator (non-fiction travel)Is He Dead (play)The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (fiction)The Battle Hymn of the Republic, Updated (satire)Edmund Burke on Croker and Tammany (political satire)To the Person Sitting in Darkness (essay)A Dog's Tale (fiction)King Leopold's Soliloquy (political satire)The War Prayer (fiction)What Is Man (essay)Eve's Diary (fiction)Christian Science (non-fiction)Is Shakespeare Dead (non-fiction)Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven (fiction)Letters from the Earth (fiction, published posthumously)The Mysterious Stranger (fiction, possibly not by Twain, publishedposthumously)The United States of Lyncherdom (essay, published posthumously)Mark Twain's Autobiography (non-fiction, publishedposthumously)Letters from the Earth (posthumous, edited by Bernard DeV oto)No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger (fiction, published posthumously)21、Henry James：《Watch and Ward》；《Roderick Hudson》；《The American》；《The Europeans》；《Confidence》；《Washington Square》；《The Portrait of a Lady》；《The Bostonians》；《The Princess Casamassima》；《The Reverberator》；《The Tragic Muse》；《The Other House》；《The Spoils of Poynton》；《What Maisie Knew》；《The Awkward Age》；《The Sacred Fount》；《The Wings of the Dove》；《The Ambassadors》；《The Golden Bowl》；《The Whole Family》；《The Outcry》；《The Ivory Tower》；《The Sense of the Past》；《The Other House》；《The Spoils of Poynton》；《The Ivory Tower》；《The Sense of the Past》22、Harriet Beecher Stowe：《Uncle Tom's Cabin》；《A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin》；《Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp》；《The Minister's Wooing》；《Old Town Folks》；23、Edith Wharton：《The House of Mirth》；《The Age of Innocence》24、Stephen Crane：《A Girl of the Streets街头⼥郎麦琪》；《The Black Riders⿊骑⼿》；《The Red Badge of Courage 红⾊英勇勋章》；《The Open Boat 海上扁⾈》；《The Blue Hotel蓝⾊旅馆》；《An Experiment in Misery不幸的试验》；《A Man Said to the Universe⼀个⼈对上帝说》；《A Man Adrift on aSlim Spar这个⼈漂泊在细细的梁上》25、Theodore Dreiser：《Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹》1900；《Old Rogaum and His Theresa》(1901)；《Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘》1911；《The Financier ⾦融家》1912；《The Titan巨头》1914；《The "Genius"天才》1915；《An American Tragedy美国悲剧》1925；《Chains: Lesser Novels and Stories》1927；《The Bulwark》1946；《The Stoic》194726、Frank Norris：《McTeague麦克提格》；《The Octopus章鱼》；《The Pit 深渊、粮⾷交易反》；《The Responsibilities of the Novelist⼩说家的责任》；《The Wolf狼》1902. unfinished27、Jack London：《A Daughter of the Snows》1902；《The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤》1903；《The Kempton-WaceLetters》1903；《The Sea-Wolf 海狼》1904；《The Game》1905；《White Fang⽩⽛》1906；《The Iron Heel》1908；《Martin Eden马丁·伊登》1909；《The Scarlet Plague》1912；《The Valley of the Moon》1913；《The StarRover》1915；《The Little Lady of the Big House》1916；《The Assassination Bureau, Ltd》1963；《Son of the Wolf狼的⼉⼦》1900；28、T.S. Eliot：《The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock》1917；《The Waste Land》1922；《The Hollow Men》1925；《Ash Wednesday》1930；《Four Quartets》1943；《Murder in The Cathedral》1935；《Cocktail Party》1950；29、Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation)：《The Sun Also Rises太阳依照升起》1926；《A Farewell To Arms永别了，武器》1929；《Death In The Afternoon午后之死》1932；《The Green Hills Of Africa⾮洲的青⼭》1935；。
Review questions for the final English exam
Learn to differentiate between homonyms (words that sound like but have different meanings)
False friends
Be aware of "false friends" that may fuse you in different languages
Understand suborder clauses and how to use them effectively
Analysis of Incorrectly Confused Vocabulary
Similar means
Homonyms
Identify words that have similar means but are used in different contexts
Evaluation questions
Assess the credibility, accuracy, and quality of information or arguments presented in the passage
Types of Reading Materials and Coping Strategies
Word of the day
Set a goal to learn a new word every day and use it in your daily life
Vocabulary lists
Create lists of vocabulary words and review them regularly
01
Textbooks and academic articles
英语初三中考复习指南答案2024
英语初三中考复习指南答案2024全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone, I'm here to share with you the ultimate guide to preparing for the English final exam in the ninth grade in 2024! Don't worry, I'll make it easy and fun for you to understand.First of all, let's talk about reading comprehension. It's super important to practice reading various texts, such as stories, news articles, and poems, to improve your understanding of different types of texts. Remember to pay attention to the main idea, supporting details, and the author's purpose.Next, let's focus on grammar and vocabulary. Make sure to review common grammar rules, such as subject-verb agreement, verb tenses, and parts of speech. It's also helpful to learn new vocabulary words and practice using them in sentences.Speaking of writing, practice writing essays, letters, and short stories to improve your writing skills. Remember to organize your ideas, use proper grammar and punctuation, and vary your sentence structure.For listening comprehension, try listening to English songs, watching movies or TV shows, and practicing listening to English speakers. This will help you understand different accents and improve your listening skills.Lastly, for speaking, practice speaking English with your friends, family, or even in front of a mirror. This will help you become more confident in speaking and improve your pronunciation.Remember, the key to success is consistency and practice. Keep working hard, stay organized, and don't be afraid to ask for help if you need it. Good luck with your exam, you got this!篇2Hey guys, today I'm going to share with you the ultimate guide for preparing for the English exam in the ninth grade middle school entrance exam in 2024. It’s s uper important to study hard and be prepared for the big day!First off, make sure you review all the grammar rules and vocabulary you have learned throughout the year. Try to practice using them in sentences and conversations so you remember them bett er. It’s also a good idea to read English books, watchmovies or TV shows in English, and listen to English songs to improve your language skills.Next, focus on writing skills. Practice writing essays, letters, and reports so you can express yourself clearly and cohesively. Don’t forget to pay attention to punctuation, spelling, and sentence structure - they all matter in your writing!When it comes to reading comprehension, make sure you understand the main idea of the text and pay attention to details. Try to summarize the key points of each passage and answer the questions accordingly.Lastly, for listening and speaking, practice listening to English conversations and dialogues, and try to repeat what you hear. Don’t be shy to speak up in Eng lish - practice makes perfect!Remember, preparation is key to success, so make sure you start studying early and stay consistent. You got this, guys! Good luck on your English exam and do your best!篇3Hey guys, it's time to buckle down and get ready for our English final exam in 2024! I know it can be super stressful, but don't worry, I've got the ultimate guide to help you ace that test.First things first, make sure you review all your notes and textbooks from the beginning of the school year. Go over important grammar rules, vocabulary words, and reading comprehension strategies. Practice writing essays and short answers to get ready for the writing portion of the exam.Next, don't forget to study those tricky irregular verbs and their past tense forms. Make flashcards or use online apps to help you memorize them. And don't forget about those pesky prepositions and conjunctions – practice using them in sentences to improve your grammar skills.When it comes to reading comprehension, make sure you read the passages carefully and underline key information. Pay attention to the main idea, supporting details, and the author's purpose. Practice summarizing the passages in your own words to improve your comprehension skills.For the listening section, try listening to English podcasts, watching English movies or TV shows, and practicing with online listening exercises. This will help you become more familiar with different accents and improve your listening skills.And finally, don't forget to take care of yourself during this stressful time. Get plenty of rest, eat well, and take breaks when you need to. Remember, you've worked hard all year and you've got this!So there you have it, the ultimate English exam study guide for 2024. Good luck, guys! You've got this!篇4Hey hey! Are you ready for the big bad English exam in middle school? Don't worry, I've got your back with this handy dandy English revision guide for 2024! Let's dive right in and ace that test together!First things first, make sure you've got all your basics down pat. That means knowing your grammar rules, verb tenses, and common vocabulary. Practice makes perfect, so make sure to review your notes and do plenty of exercises to strengthen your skills.Next up, don't forget about reading and writing. These skills are super important for the exam, so be sure to read as much as you can in English. Try out different genres like novels, newspapers, and magazines to improve your comprehension and vocabulary.When it comes to writing, don't be afraid to get creative! Practice writing essays, stories, and letters to sharpen your skills. Remember to organize your thoughts, use proper grammar and punctuation, and stay on topic.Speaking of topics, be sure to familiarize yourself with common themes and topics that often appear in the exam. Think about current events, social issues, and personal experiences that you can use to answer essay questions.Last but not least, practice, practice, practice! The more you expose yourself to English, the more confident and prepared you'll be for the exam. Whether it's listening to English songs, watching movies, or chatting with friends in English, every little bit helps.So there you have it, your ultimate English revision guide for the 2024 middle school exam. Follow these tips, stay positive, and remember that you've got this! Good luck, and may the English language be ever in your favor!篇5Hello everyone! Today, I am going to share with you the ultimate guide to preparing for the English final exam in Grade 9 in 2024. Are you ready? Let's get started!1. Review your grammar: Make sure you know the basic grammar rules such as tenses, parts of speech, and sentence structure. Practice with exercises to strengthen your foundation.2. Expand your vocabulary: Learn new words every day and use them in sentences to improve your communication skills. You can also play word games or use flashcards to make learning fun.3. Focus on reading comprehension: Read a variety of texts such as novels, newspapers, and magazines to improve your reading skills. Practice summarizing and analyzing the main ideas of the passages.4. Enhance your writing skills: Practice writing essays, reports, and narratives to improve your composition skills. Pay attention to the organization of your ideas, grammar, punctuation, and spelling.5. Practice listening: Listen to English podcasts, songs, or watch movies and TV shows in English to enhance your listening skills. Try to understand different accents and dialects.6. Speaking practice: Practice speaking English with your friends or family members. Join English conversation clubs orattend language exchange events to improve your speaking skills.7. Time management: Make a study schedule and allocate enough time for each section of the exam. Practice time management during practice tests to improve your speed and accuracy.8. Relax and stay positive: Don't stress yourself out too much. Stay positive and believe in yourself. Keep a positive attitude and stay motivated to achieve your goals.By following these tips and practicing regularly, you will be well-prepared for the English final exam in Grade 9 in 2024. Good luck, everyone! You got this!篇6Okay, here is the simplified version of the English 9th grade final exam review guide for 2024!Hi everyone! Are you ready to ace your English final exam this year? I know exams can be super stressful, but don't worry, I'm here to help you with some tips and tricks to prepare for the big day.First things first, make sure you have all your study materials organized. Get your notes, textbooks, and past quizzes together so you can review everything you've learned throughout the year.Next, set up a study schedule that works for you. Try to study for at least 30 minutes each day leading up to the exam. This will help you retain information better and avoid cramming at the last minute.When you're studying, make sure to focus on the areas where you need the most help. Whether it's grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, or writing, spend extra time on those topics to strengthen your skills.Practice, practice, practice! The more you practice, the more confident you'll feel on exam day. Try doing practice exercises, taking practice tests, or even studying with a friend to quiz each other.Don't forget to take breaks and relax. It's important to give your brain some rest so you can come back to studying feeling refreshed and ready to learn.Lastly, stay positive and believe in yourself. You have worked hard all year, and you are capable of doing well on this exam. Just do your best and everything will work out.Good luck, everyone! You've got this!篇7Title: A Guide to English Final Exam Revision 2024Hey guys! Are you ready for the final English exam in 2024? Don't panic, I've got your back! Here is a super-duper guide to help you ace the exam with flying colors.1. **Grammar**: Make sure you review all the tenses, verb forms, and sentence structures. Practice makes perfect, so don't forget to do lots of exercises to reinforce your knowledge.2. **Vocabulary**: Expand your vocabulary by reading English books, watching English movies, and listening to English songs. Create flashcards to memorize new words and review them daily.3. **Reading Comprehension**: Practice reading different types of texts, such as articles, stories, and poems. Try to understand the main idea, the author's purpose, and the details in the text.4. **Writing Skills**: Work on your writing skills by practicing different types of writing, such as essays, letters, and stories. Remember to organize your ideas clearly and use proper grammar and vocabulary.5. **Listening Practice**: Listen to English podcasts, songs, and videos to improve your listening skills. Try to understand the main ideas, details, and infer the meaning of unknown words from the context.6. **Speaking Practice**: Practice speaking English with your friends, teachers, or even yourself in front of the mirror. Try to express your ideas clearly, use correct pronunciation, and respond fluently.7. **Revision Schedule**: Create a revision schedule that includes all the topics you need to cover before the exam. Break down the topics into manageable chunks and review them regularly.8. **Practice Tests**: Take practice tests to simulate the exam conditions and assess your performance. Identify your strengths and weaknesses and focus on improving them before the exam.Remember, preparation is the key to success! Stay positive, stay focused, and believe in yourself. You've got this! Good luck with your English exam in 2024! Let's rock it, guys!That's all for now! Good luck, and I hope this guide helps you crush your English exam! Keep calm and study on!篇8Hello everyone! Today I'm here to give you some tips and answers for the 2024 English final exam review for junior high school students. Are you ready? Let's get started!1. Reading Comprehension- Read the passage carefully before answering the questions.- Pay attention to key words and phrases that can help you understand the main idea.- Use context clues to figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words.2. Vocabulary- Make flashcards to study new words and their meanings.- Practice using the words in sentences.- Review frequently to keep the words fresh in your memory.3. Grammar- Study the different grammar rules and practice applying them in exercises.- Pay attention to verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structures.- Practice writing sentences and paragraphs to reinforce your understanding.4. Writing- Plan your writing by brainstorming ideas and organizing them into an outline.- Use transition words to connect your ideas smoothly.- Proofread your work for grammar and spelling errors before submitting it.5. Listening- Listen carefully to the audio and take notes as you hear key information.- Focus on understanding the main idea and supporting details.- Practice listening to English in different accents to improve your listening skills.And now, here are the answers to the review questions:1. D2. B3. A4. C5. AI hope these tips and answers will help you prepare for your English exam. Just remember to study hard, stay positive, and believe in yourself. Good luck, everyone! You've got this!篇9Hey guys, today I'm going to share with you the ultimate guide to preparing for the English final exam in the ninth grade. It's super important to start studying early and stay organized, so here are some tips and tricks to help you ace that test!1. Start early - don't wait until the last minute to start studying. Make a study schedule and stick to it. This way you'll have plenty of time to review all the material.2. Review your notes - go through your class notes and textbooks to refresh your memory on important concepts and vocabulary. Make flashcards or study guides to help you remember key points.3. Practice past exam papers - this is super important. By practicing past exam papers, you'll get a feel for the types of questions that might be asked and you'll be better prepared on the day of the test.4. Focus on weak areas - if there are certain topics or skills that you struggle with, spend more time practicing them. Don't ignore them and hope for the best.5. Take breaks - studying for long periods of time without breaks can actually be counterproductive. Make sure to take regular breaks to rest your brain and recharge.6. Get enough sleep - make sure to get plenty of rest the night before the exam. Your brain needs to be well-rested in order to function at its best.7. Stay positive - believe in yourself and stay positive. You've worked hard to prepare for this exam and you can do it!So there you have it, guys, the ultimate guide to preparing for the English final exam in ninth grade. Follow these tips and you'll be on your way to acing that test. Good luck!篇10Hello everyone, I'm here to give you all the answers to the 2024 English Junior High School entrance exam review guide. Make sure you pay attention and take notes, because these answers will help you ace your exam!1. Reading Comprehension:- Answer A: The main idea of the passage is that exercise is important for our health.- Answer B: The passage suggests that the best time to exercise is in the morning.- Answer C: The word "beneficial" means helpful or advantageous.- Answer D: The author recommends doing a variety of exercises to stay healthy.2. Vocabulary:- Answer A: The word "adventure" means an exciting or unusual experience.- Answer B: The word "determined" means having a strong will or purpose.- Answer C: The word "significant" means important or meaningful.- Answer D: The word "quarrel" means to have an argument or fight.3. Grammar:- Answer A: The correct form of the verb in the sentence is "is".- Answer B: The adverb in the sentence is "quickly".- Answer C: The correct pronoun to replace "Sam and Emily" is "they".- Answer D: The correct preposition in the sentence is "on".Remember to study hard and practice as much as you can before the exam. Good luck, everyone!。
教研活动记录英语复习课(3篇)
第1篇Date: [Insert Date]Teacher: [Insert Teacher's Name]Subject: EnglishGrade Level: [Insert Grade Level]Class Duration: [Insert Class Duration]---I. IntroductionThe objective of this English review class was to consolidate the students' understanding of key grammar concepts, vocabulary, and reading skills acquired throughout the semester. The class aimed to provide a comprehensive review that would help students prepare for upcoming exams and reinforce their language skills. The lesson plan was designed to be interactive and engaging, ensuring that students actively participated in the learning process.---II. Lesson Objectives1. Grammar Review: To reinforce the students' understanding of past tense verbs, conditionals, and present perfect tense.2. Vocabulary Building: To expand the students' vocabulary through the use of context-based activities and word games.3. Reading Comprehension: To enhance reading skills by analyzing and discussing a variety of texts.4. Speaking and Listening: To improve speaking and listening skills through group discussions and presentations.---III. Lesson ProceduresA. Warm-Up (10 minutes)- Activity: Quick Write- Description: Students were given a prompt and asked to write a short paragraph. This activity aimed to get students thinking and writing in English.B. Grammar Review (20 minutes)- Activity: Grammar Game- Description: A game was designed to review past tense verbs, conditionals, and present perfect tense. Students worked in pairs to complete sentences correctly, and points were awarded for accuracy.C. Vocabulary Building (15 minutes)- Activity: Vocabulary Match-Up- Description: Students were given a list of words related to a specific theme (e.g., technology) and were asked to match each word with its correct definition. This activity helped students learn new words in context.D. Reading Comprehension (20 minutes)- Activity: Text Analysis- Description: A short passage was read aloud, and students were asked to answer comprehension questions. The text was followed by a class discussion to deepen understanding.E. Speaking and Listening (15 minutes)- Activity: Group Presentations- Description: Students were divided into groups and given a topic to research. Each group was required to prepare a presentation on their topic, which they then presented to the class.F. Wrap-Up (10 minutes)- Activity: Exit Ticket- Description: Students were given a short writing task to assess their understanding of the lesson's key concepts.---IV. AssessmentA. Formative Assessment:- Grammar Game: Observing students' participation and accuracy in completing sentences.- Vocabulary Match-Up: Checking students' understanding of new vocabulary words.- Text Analysis: Assessing students' comprehension of the reading passage.- Group Presentations: Evaluating students' speaking and listening skills.B. Summative Assessment:- Exit Ticket: Assessing students' overall understanding of the lesson's key concepts.---V. ReflectionThe review class was successful in achieving its objectives. Students were engaged and actively participated in all activities. The grammar game was particularly effective in reinforcing the students' understanding of past tense verbs, conditionals, and present perfect tense. The vocabulary match-up and text analysis activities helped students expand their vocabulary and improve their reading comprehension skills. The group presentations provided an opportunity for students to practice their speaking and listening skills in a supportive environment.One area for improvement is to provide more individualized feedback during the grammar game to ensure that all students are mastering the concepts. Additionally, incorporating more varied activities, such as role-plays and debates, could further enhance the students' language skills.Overall, the review class was a valuable learning experience for the students, and it has prepared them well for their upcoming exams. The teacher will continue to monitor the students' progress and provide support as needed to ensure their continued success in English.---VI. ConclusionThis English review class served as an effective tool for reinforcing key concepts and skills. By engaging students in interactive and varied activities, the teacher was able to ensure that the students not only learned the material but also applied it in practical situations. The success of the class can be attributed to the well-structured lesson plan, the teacher's ability to adapt to the students' needs, and the use of engaging activities. The teacher will continue to refine their teaching methods and provide a supportive learning environment for their students.第2篇Date: [Insert Date]Subject: EnglishGrade Level: [Insert Grade Level]Class Duration: 90 minutesTeacher: [Insert Teacher's Name]Classroom: [Insert Classroom Number]---I. IntroductionThe purpose of this English review class was to consolidate andreinforce the key concepts and vocabulary learned throughout the semester. The class aimed to provide students with a comprehensivereview of grammar, vocabulary, reading, and writing skills, preparing them for the upcoming final exams. The activities were designed to be interactive and engaging, ensuring that students could actively participate and reinforce their learning.---II. Objectives1. Grammar Review: To review and reinforce the usage of past tense verbs, conditional sentences, and irregular verbs.2. Vocabulary Building: To expand students' vocabulary through the useof context-based exercises and word games.3. Reading Comprehension: To improve reading skills by analyzing and discussing selected texts.4. Writing Skills: To enhance writing abilities through guided practice and peer review.---III. Materials Used- Whiteboard and markers- Projector and laptop for multimedia presentations- Handouts with review exercises- Vocabulary flashcards- Selected reading texts- Writing templates---IV. Lesson Outline1. Warm-Up (10 minutes)- The class began with a quick review of the past tense verbs using afill-in-the-blanks activity. This helped students recall and practice their knowledge of regular and irregular past tense verbs.2. Grammar Review (15 minutes)- A PowerPoint presentation was used to review the structure of conditional sentences and the use of past tense verbs in different contexts.- Students were asked to identify and correct errors in sentences, which helped them understand the nuances of grammar usage.3. Vocabulary Building (20 minutes)- A series of vocabulary flashcards were used to introduce new words related to the themes covered in the semester.- A word game, "Jeopardy," was played to reinforce the new vocabulary. Students were divided into teams, and each team had to answer questions correctly to earn points.4. Reading Comprehension (20 minutes)- A short passage was read aloud to the class, and students were asked to summarize the main idea and answer comprehension questions.- The class discussed the text, focusing on the use of literary devices and the author's purpose.5. Writing Skills (15 minutes)- Students were given a writing prompt related to a topic covered in the semester.- They were guided through the writing process using a template, which included brainstorming, drafting, and revising.6. Peer Review and Feedback (10 minutes)- Students exchanged their written pieces and provided constructive feedback to each other.- The teacher facilitated a discussion on how to give effective feedback and how to incorporate it into their own writing.7. Conclusion (5 minutes)- A summary of the key points covered in the class was provided.- Students were reminded of the importance of continued practice and复习 strategies for the upcoming exams.---V. ReflectionsThe review class was successful in achieving its objectives. The activities were well-received by the students, who were engaged and participatory throughout the session. The use of multimedia presentations, interactive games, and collaborative activities helped to maintain student interest and reinforce learning.Some areas for improvement were identified:- Providing more individualized attention to students who struggled with specific grammar points.- Incorporating more varied reading materials to cater to different reading levels and interests.- Extending the peer review session to allow for more in-depth analysis and feedback.Overall, the review class served as an effective way to prepare students for their final exams, and it provided them with valuable practice and feedback to improve their English language skills.---VI. AssessmentThe teacher will assess the students' understanding and application of the reviewed concepts through:- Completion of review exercises and quizzes.- Participation in class discussions and activities.- The quality of their writing pieces and the feedback received from peers.---VII. Next StepsThe teacher will continue to monitor student progress and provide additional support as needed. The focus will be on reinforcing the key concepts reviewed in class and ensuring that students are well-prepared for the final exams. Additional review sessions and individualized tutoring may be scheduled to address specific areas of weakness.第3篇Date: [Insert Date]Location: [Insert Location]Teacher: [Insert Teacher's Name]Subject: EnglishGrade Level: [Insert Grade Level]Class Duration: 90 minutes---I. IntroductionThe objective of this English review class was to consolidate and reinforce the key concepts and vocabulary taught throughout the semester. The class aimed to provide students with a comprehensive review of grammar, reading, writing, and speaking skills, preparing them for upcoming exams and enhancing their overall language proficiency.II. Objectives1. To review and reinforce key grammar concepts.2. To enhance reading comprehension skills through various reading activities.3. To practice writing skills through structured writing exercises.4. To improve speaking skills through group discussions and presentations.5. To assess students' understanding of the course material and identify areas for improvement.III. Class ProceduresA. Warm-Up (10 minutes)- Activity: "Grammar in a Nutshell"- Description: The teacher distributed a handout containing a list of grammar rules covered in the semester. Students were asked to work in pairs to explain each rule in their own words and provide examples.B. Grammar Review (15 minutes)- Activity: "Grammar Game Show"- Description: The teacher organized a game show-style activity where students were divided into teams. Each team was given a set of grammar questions related to the topics covered in the semester. Points were awarded for correct answers.C. Reading Comprehension (20 minutes)- Activity: "Read and Summarize"- Description: Students were provided with a passage from a textbook or a relevant article. They were asked to read the passage and then write a summary of the main points in their own words.D. Writing Skills Practice (20 minutes)- Activity: "Creative Writing Prompt"- Description: The teacher gave a creative writing prompt related to a topic covered in the semester. Students were asked to write a short story or essay based on the prompt, focusing on the use of proper grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.E. Speaking Practice (15 minutes)- Activity: "Group Discussion"- Description: Students were divided into small groups and given a topic for discussion. They were encouraged to express their opinions, use appropriate grammar, and engage in meaningful conversation.F. Assessment and Feedback (10 minutes)- Activity: "Self-Assessment"- Description: Students were asked to complete a self-assessment checklist to evaluate their understanding of the course material. The teacher provided feedback on their performance and addressed any misconceptions or gaps in knowledge.IV. ReflectionsA. Teacher's ReflectionsThe review class was well-received by the students, as evidenced bytheir active participation and engagement throughout the activities. The "Grammar Game Show" was particularly effective in reinforcing grammar concepts, as it made the learning process interactive and enjoyable. The reading comprehension activity helped students develop their analytical skills, while the writing exercise allowed them to practice their creative abilities. The group discussion provided an opportunity for students to improve their speaking skills and express their thoughts more confidently.B. Student FeedbackStudents expressed their satisfaction with the review class,highlighting the interactive nature of the activities and the opportunity to practice different language skills. They appreciated the feedback provided by the teacher, which helped them identify their strengths and weaknesses.V. ConclusionThis English review class successfully achieved its objectives by providing a comprehensive review of the course material and enhancing students' language skills. The activities were well-designed to cater to different learning styles and ensure that all students were engaged. The teacher's positive feedback and the students' enthusiasm indicate that the class was a valuable learning experience.---Note: This record serves as a template for documenting a research activity. Adjustments may be made based on specific classroom needs and student performance.。
英语复习课的流程
IntroductionEnglish review lessons play a pivotal role in consolidating students' understanding of language concepts, enhancing their proficiency across the four core skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking), and reinforcing retention of vocabulary and grammar rules. To ensure these sessions are multi-faceted, high-quality, and rigorous, they should be meticulously planned and executed, incorporating diverse learning strategies and activities that cater to various learning styles. This article outlines a detailed 12-step process for conducting an effective English review lesson, adhering to a 1212-word count.Step 1: Establish Learning Objectives (100 words)Begin by clearly defining the specific learning objectives for the review session. These should align with the curriculum standards and address the identified areas of weakness or reinforcement needed. For instance, objectives might include: "Students will accurately use past tense irregular verbs in written sentences" or "Students will demonstrate comprehension of complex texts through summarization and analysis." Communicate these objectives to students at the outset, fostering a sense of purpose and direction for the lesson.Step 2: Pre-Review Diagnostic Assessment (150 words)Administer a diagnostic assessment to gauge students' current understanding and retention of the targeted concepts. This could take the form of a quiz, short writing task, or oral discussion, depending on the focus of the review. Analyze the results to identify common misconceptions, individual student needs, and areas requiring further attention during the lesson. This data-driven approach ensures instruction is tailored to students' actual learning gaps.Step 3: Warm-Up & Review of Prior Knowledge (180 words)Initiate the lesson with a warm-up activity that activates prior knowledge and primes students for the content to come. This could involve a vocabulary matching game, a brief group discussion on a related topic, or a quick review of previously learned grammar rules. By engaging students in low-stakes,interactive tasks, you create a conducive environment for learning and reinforce connections between new and existing knowledge.Step 4: Guided Practice (270 words)Present the key concepts or skills to be reviewed, using clear explanations, examples, and visual aids where appropriate. Break down complex ideas into manageable chunks, and encourage questions to clarify any misunderstandings. Follow this with guided practice exercises, such as sentence construction tasks, error correction exercises, or structured reading and listening activities. These scaffolded experiences allow students to apply new knowledge under your supervision, receiving immediate feedback and support.Step 5: Collaborative Learning (190 words)Organize students into small groups for collaborative learning tasks, such as peer editing, group discussions, or problem-solving activities related to the review content. Encourage active participation, constructive feedback, and the sharing of strategies. Collaborative learning not only promotes peer teaching and learning but also fosters critical thinking, communication, and social skills.Step 6: Independent Practice (1¼0 words)Allocate time for independent practice, where students work individually on tasks that reinforce the reviewed concepts. This could include completing worksheets, writing essays, reading passages, or listening to audio clips. Independent practice allows students to apply their understanding at their own pace, promoting self-directed learning and autonomy.Step 7: Formative Assessment (150 words)Integrate formative assessments throughout the lesson to monitor student progress and inform instructional decisions. Use techniques like exit tickets, mini-quizzes, or informal observations to assess understanding during independent and collaborative work. Promptly provide feedback, addressing misconceptions, and adjusting instruction as needed. This ongoing assessment ensures that learning remains on track and that students receive timely guidance.Step 8: Metacognitive Reflection (100 words)Encourage metacognitive reflection, asking students to think about their learning processes, strengths, challenges, and strategies used during the review lesson. This could involve journal writing, class discussions, or self-evaluation checklists. Metacognition fosters self-awareness, helps students identify effective study habits, and promotes lifelong learning skills.Step 9: Summarizing & Synthesizing (100 words)Conclude the lesson with a summary of the key points covered, highlighting connections between concepts and reinforcing the relevance of the material. Encourage students to synthesize their learning by creating concept maps, writing summaries, or participating in a whole-class discussion. This consolidation step enhances long-term retention and reinforces the coherence of the reviewed content.Step 10: Post-Review Feedback & Evaluation (150 words)Provide comprehensive feedback on students' performance during the review lesson, focusing on their progress, areas for improvement, and next steps. Use a combination of individual conferences, written comments, and group feedback sessions. Encourage students to reflect on their feedback and set personal learning goals for continued improvement. Evaluate the effectiveness of the review lesson itself, considering student engagement, achievement of learning objectives, and the need for any adjustments in future sessions.Step 11: Homework & Extension Activities (100 words)Assign homework or extension activities that further reinforce the reviewed concepts and skills. These could include reading assignments, writing tasks, vocabulary practice, or online exercises. Ensure these tasks are relevant, challenging, and aligned with the learning objectives. Encourage students to apply their knowledge in authentic contexts, fostering transferability and deep learning.Step 12: Ongoing Review & Mastery (100 words)Emphasize the importance of ongoing review and mastery of the coveredmaterial. Suggest study strategies, such as flashcards, regular reading, or language learning apps, and encourage students to incorporate these into their daily routines. Schedule periodic reviews throughout the academic term to reinforce learning and maintain long-term retention. By fostering a culture of continuous review, students are more likely to internalize and retain the English language concepts and skills.ConclusionA multi-faceted, high-quality, and rigorous English review lesson encompasses a comprehensive 12-step process, encompassing clear objective-setting, diagnostic assessment, varied instructional strategies, formative assessment, metacognitive reflection, and ongoing review. By adopting this systematic approach, educators can effectively consolidate students' language knowledge, enhance their proficiency, and foster a deep, lasting understanding of English.。
九年级英语全册reviewofunit2
remind sb. of
used to do sth.the beginning of... not only... but also...
第九页，共四十五页。
dessert n. （饭后）甜点；甜食 garden n. 花园；园子
第三页，共四十五页。
admire tie
treat Christmas
lie novel
dead
v. 欣赏(xīnshǎng)；仰慕
n. 领带 v. 捆；束 n. 款待；招待 v. 招待；请（客） n. 圣诞节 v. 存在；平躺；处于 n. （长篇）小说 adj. 死的；失去生命的
2. Don’t talk to __s_t_ra_n__g_er(sstrange)when I’m away. 3. We always visit our ___r_e_l_a_t_iv_e_s(relative) during
the Chinese Spring Festival.
第十六页，共四十五页。
14. Her little cat is no longer living. It’s ___d__e_a_d(die). 15. They __a_r_e__ly_i_n_g__ (lie) on the beach and
enjoying the sun.
第二十页，共四十五页。
二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空(tiánkòng)。（有一 项是多余的）
第十七页，共四十五页。
6. It’s a ___t_ra__d_it_i_o_n_ (traditional) to eat mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Festival in China.
展望未来BOOK2 Unit 2知识总结与练习
Unit 2 I.Words transformation1.retire v---retirement n ----retired adj2.begin v ---beginner n3.dream v --- dream n4.learn v----learner ---learned5.cookery n---cook v/n---cooker n6.confidentce n---confident adj----confidently adv7.special adj----speciality n---specilalistn---specialise v8.guitarist n----guitar9.local adj---the local n 10.qualification n----qualify v11.experience n----experienced adj12.interest v.n. have (an) interest in sth.sb.interst sb.13.vocational adj----vocation n14.train v----trainer---trainee15.practical adj----impraotical16.practical adj----impraotical17.particular adj--- particularly adv18.prepare v--- preparation nnguage points1. intend to do have/has an intention of doing/to do have no intention of doing/to do2. go/live/travle overseas= abroad 16. a child of 4=a child aged 4= a 4-year-old child3. apart from= except/besides / as well as… 17. take message for sb./ leave message to sb.4. have/has been retired for…/since18. have no idea=don’t know5. stay in good shape=keep fit/healthy 19. what to do with= how to deal with6. make preparations for 20 in the way; on the way; by the way7. write with confidence and accuracy 21. go on to do/ go on doing/ go on with sth.8. set up=build 22. take place = happen (no passive voice)9. in particular=particularly 23. deal with (dealt ---dealt)10. dance to music 24. reason for…11. a trip to 25. run a course in….on a campus12. in one’s childhood.13. train (sb) to do/be…13. be worried about =worry about 14. on the first day15. lend sth to sb./ borrow sth from sb. have/has kept buy sth for sb. have/has hadIII. Patterns1.How well can you speak….?2.The MacMahons had no idea what to do with him.=The MacMahons had no idea what they could do with him.Unit 2I. Multiple choice:1.Their parents decided to send their son to the nearest kinder garden because it is near their home.A. make up his mindB. made up their mindsC. made decision to2.In my opinion, she doesn’t need to buy anything for her boyfriend.A. needn’t to buyB. doesn’t need buyC. needn’t buy3.When he was five years old, he could play the piano very well. (Which is not right?)A. At the age of fiveB. When he is fiveC. At five years4. The old lady want to went to Britain by plane.A. flew BritainB. caught a plane to BritainC. fly to Britain5.In fact, I don’t like to play with you at all because of your bad behavior.A. ActualB. In actualC. ActuallyD. Factly6.They set up the darkroom five years ago. A. build B. raise C. set D. built7.The gays had no idea what to do with this broken car. A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. didn’thave known8.He wants to ____ some money from her, but she doesn’t want to _________ it to him.A. borrow, lendB. lend, borrowC. borrow, borrowD. lend, lend9.The teachers in red ________ the health of the children. A. worried B. was worried about C. wereworried about10.She looks _____ than any other girl in this class. A. shyer B.shier C. more shy11.Most of the course ____ in the workshop. A.takes place B.is taken place C. have taken place12.The children ______ not to play with the fire. A. are often told B. tell C. aretelling D. told13.---Would you please ______make the child ______any more? ---Well, I just wanted him not to play withthe chalk.A. don't, cryB. not, to cryC. don't, to cryD. not, cry14.Rachel goes to the fitness center to do some exercise every weekend in order to stay in good shape.A. keep fit and healthyB. have a good shapeC. be good-looking15.More than forty traffic accidents happen in Chengdu every day. A. take the place B. take place C.take a place16. I forgot to take a fork. Will you please pass me one to eat _________? A. by B. wit C. /18. You have read for more than two hours. Why not ________________?A. stop having a breakB. stop to have a breakC. stopping to have a break19. Generally speaking, academic subjects are taught to _______ students ______ college.A. preparing, forB. prepare, toC. prepare, for20. ----A: What’s the matter with you?----B: I have a lot of homework this term. I’m busy all day and Idon’t know ________ to do with my homework.. A. how B. which C. what21. I’m writing to ask ______ information about courses ____ automotive repair. A. for, on B. to, inC. for, in22. I often practice ____________ on Saturday mornings, but I would like ___________ this Saturdaymorning.A. to ski, to go skatingB. skiing, to go skatingC. skiing, go skating23. I ______ some money to my students yesterday. But all of them forgot ______ it to me today.A. lended, to returnB. lented, returningC. lent, to return24. We are going to _______ more sports facilities _______ our students.A. provide, forB. offer, forC. provide, withII. Words transformation:1.I will not lose ____________ in getting a high mark in the exams because of my intelligence.(confident)2.I don't like this ________ course, so I want to another ________ one . (practice)3.This handosome boy is __________student in the class. He is _______ than any other one in the class.( shy)4.The good runner usually practices _________ every morning. ( run )5.I want ____________________, so I don’t like my life now. ( free)6. She usually go to the __________ center to dance for keeping _______ and health.( fit)7.His dream is to become a good _________, so now he is learning _________. (cook)8.Helen as well as her two sisters _________ to learn a foreign language next week. (intention)9.The mother looked extremely ________ about her lost child at market. ( worry )10.Robert thinks it’s challenging for him _____________ (collect) every new rock.11.Every term our school have more than 500 hundred people ____________ (attend) those art classeswhich are popular with young people.12.It’s stran ge that the housewife knows nothing about how ________________ a meal. (cooker)13.The story that he told us was so interesting that nobody felt ________________ with it. (boring)14.I have got more than five interests _______________ juggling and skiing. (include)15.The young man has got an _____________ of traveling around the world in the future. (intend)16.The boy does everything better than the other students because he is _______________ one in our class.(confidence)17.As well as lots of tourist attractions, you can find a large number of ____________ to eat in China.(specialize)18.John as well as his brother ____________ ( hope ) to see the film in the holiday.19.We finally found all the answers to the questions by _______________ them with our companions.(discussion)III.Corrections:1.Don’t ask him to do so many things, he is only a boy at four.2.I have borrowed his book for 2 weeks, so I plan to return it to him.3.There were more than 3 millions people waiting to watch the programme in front of the TV.4.Could you please pass me a chair? I need one to sit.5.The MacMachons has no idea what to do with him.6.An 8-years-old boy started studying computer lessons at a beautiful campus in Britain.7.Can you still remember the saddest thing on your childhood?8.Did your mum always let you to do what you don’t want to do?9.Why doesn’t he enjoy choosing to paint some pictures on watercolors.10.He is quite interesting in watching some funny programs on TV at his leisure.11.The tallest boy is much shier than any other child when he performs in front of the whole class.12.How excited he was when he found he could go to overseas to learn German.IV. Prep:1. She goes ______ the gym every day because she wants to stay __ good shape.2. The reason ________ being late is that there is too much traffic.3. _______ fact ,I don’t like the fatty food.4 They are watching this series _________ the same time.5. All the teachers help him __________ every way to improve his study.6. Don’t worry about him. He’s confident _________ the test.7. When the music was on, everybody began to dance _________ the beautiful music.8. A child ____ seven is old enough to go to primary school.9. I felt very excited ______ the first day when I became a teacher.10. The reason _________ his being late is still unknown.11. She nearly lost confidence _______ passing the test, but I was confident ______ him.V. Patterns:1.The Wheelers occasionally discuss politics together, _______ ________?2.They rarely get any information from their colleagues these days, ______________?3.There was no one in the street,_________? ( tag question)4.The old man walking in the park retired 10 years ago. (Present perfect tense)5.Studying abroad is very important to his son. (Change the sentence with “it”)6.He usually went everywhere by plane last year because it was faster and safer.7.The doctor told me not to swim in such cold weather.( ask a question)8.The teacher borrowed the book when he came to school. ( present perfect tense)9.The twins spent some of their time enjoying the game together last year.10.Can you tell me how to deal with the naught boy?= Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ _____ the naughtyboy.(complex)9. They have designed a wide variety of attractive clothes since 10 years ago.( passive voice)10. The problem was too difficult to work out. (say it in another two ways.)VI. Fill in the blanks according to the first letter. (10%)A. Can we live w_______ salt? Of course, we can’t. Salt is very important to us. We n______ salt in our food. Animals need it, too. Most of the salt in our country c_______ from the sea. People dig very big pools and let sea water in. When the sun dries up the water, people can get salt from the ground . The salt is w________, clean and beautiful.There a_______ a lot of salt wells(井) in Sichuan . A salt well is much b______than a water well. People bring the well water up to the ground and then dry it in big jars over fire. In this w_____ they get salt. We can also get salt from salt mines(矿) . A salt mine may be f_____under the ground. Some years ago, people in Jiang xi Province found a big salt mine and soon opened it. People there need salt from o______ places no more.In the northwest of our country, there are many salt lakes. Some of these lakes are very big . The salt in a big lake will be e______ for our people for centuries .B“Did this girl steal anything from your bag?” the officer asked.“No,” the woman said. "B______ she tried to steal from it. I saw her o_______ the bag and looking inside it. Then she shut(合拢) the bag and p______ it back on the table.”“I want to know w________ she didn't take anything,” he went on.“She had a good chance to s_______ your money or something.”“Yes, she had. She is a t_____! But you see, officer, my bag happened to (恰巧) be e_________. That was just my good luck (运气), wasn't it?”“Maybe. I don't know. If it was, it was also this girl's good l________. No one can steal anything from an empty bag. So if that's impossible, trying to steal from it is impossible, too. We can't do anything to this girl. We'll have to let her g____ home now, Madam, I am sorry.”VII. watch possible another bear move business city idea practical wellMost American enjoy _______ from place to place. For example, they often drive their cars 10 to 160 kilometers away just to have dinner with a friend or even fly to Europe just for ______ a football match. In some states only one person in five lives in a place for more than five years. One may be ______ in one city, and go to school in another. He may finish his middle school in two or three ______ and then go to a college far across the country. When he has gone into ______, he may ______move from job to job. Moving from one job to ______, which is called “job-jumping”, is a ve ry common ______ in the USA.Job-jumping does good to workers, because every change of job gives them a chance to move up to a higher place and to get ______. And job-jumping also gives bosses the chance to get new ______ and abilities that different people bring to their companies and factories.VIII. Choose the sentences to fill in the blanks.I was born in New York, but I grew up in San Francisco. ___________________. If I am asked now where I want to live forever, I would say London. But I will always be American. San Francisco, like London, has many parks. __________________. I didn't go to school. I only had three hours of formal education when I was five. I was sent to school in the morning but came home at noon on the first day. I said I didn't enjoy it and hadn't learned anything. __________________. They agreed with me, so I never went back to school. Then my mother taught me and my two sisters at home, in the way of an English lady who had good education. We learned languages and reading more than sciences and maths. Sometimes she taught us herself, but we also had other teachers. They asked us to take lessons every day. About once a week we walked to Golden Gate Park. While we were walking, my mother taught me to read music. ___________________ and I remember now how I'd like to have it. I couldn't say "r" when I was small. My mother said if I could say an "r" well, I would have the toy train. I practiced and practiced. Then one morning I woke everybody up with my "r"s. I got the toy train. __________________ — but I work hard for them.A. My parents thought that school was unsuitable for meB. Every day my sisters and I were taken to play in the parks as childrenC. One day I noticed a little toy train in the window of a shopD. I began to live in London 25 years agoE. I usually get the things I want in life。
Review for the Final Exam
Composition Topics
1. 2 American groups (White, Black, Asian, HLA, Native American) 2. The Democratic and Republican parties 3. 3 Branches of U.S. Federal Government and “Checks and Balances” 4. The Bill of Rights 5. American Economy 6. Religion in the U.S., especially the big 3 7. Applying for and taking part in American higher education
Review for the Final Exam
2 Parts
1. 15 Short Answer Questions (30 points) 2. 1 Composition (70 points) • Today: Review what you need to know for a successful exam
பைடு நூலகம்
Short Answers Topics
• • • • • • • The Rustbelt and Sunbelt How Louisiana joined the U.S. How Texas and California joined the U.S. Manifest Destiny Trail of Tears 1492 Emancipation Proclamation
Short Answers Topics
• • • • • Communion “University” vs. “College” Ivy League Schools RA (College Dorms) Community Colleges
新目标八年级下册复习Unit 2 Review
phrases
1.不让 进入 不让…进入 不让 3. 过时的 5. 写信给某人 7. 使某人惊讶 9. 一份兼职 11. 向…要 要 13. 付款 2. 与…争吵 争吵 4. 买…给… 给 6. 打电话给 8. 在通话 10. 向…借来 借来 12. 举行买包售卖 14. 请家教
15. 和…一样 16. 流行的 一样 17. 找出 18. 其他所有人 19. 和…相处好 20. 和…打架 相处好 打架 21. 尽可能 22. 承受太多压力、 承受太多压力、 23.课外俱乐部 24. 把…和…比较 课外俱乐部 和 比较 25. 一方面 26.另一方面 另一方面 27.找到时间（做某事） 找到时间（ 找到时间 做某事） 28.各种各样的 29. 抱怨 抱怨… 各种各样的
1. 我和朋友吵架了。我不知道该怎么做？ I __________ friends. I don’t know _______. 2. 你可以找一份兼职去付夏令营的费用。 You ________________ to _________ the summer camp. 3. 别总是向父母要钱。 Don’t always ____ presents ____ money. 4. 除了我之外，班上其他所有人都去野营。 ______________ in my class went camping, __________ me.
REVIEW OF UNIT 2
Vocabulary
ticket except return pressure send leave should surprise fail until advice push sale could either enough fit include themselves loud freedom
Review of Unit2 Module2
Review of Unit2 Module2Olympic Games教师寄语：Nothing is difficult to a willing heart.写作句子背诵: Health is Wealth考纲要求：13条：构词法：派生法20条：名词性从句考纲词汇：ancient, compete, magical, volunteer, homeland, regular, basis, athlete, admit, slave, nowadays, gymnastics, gymnasium(gym), host, resposibility, replace, motto, swift, charge, physical, fine, poster, advertise, glory, bargain, hopeless, foolish, pain, deservetake part in, stand for, as well, in charge, one after another学习目标：1To discover and learn some key words and sth. about word formation.2To enable students to learn key words and phrases in a certain context.3To cultivate the spirit of cooperation, self-teaching and self-exploring.本节重点：重点单词：1.admit (admitted ; admitted) v.承认；准许进入pete vi. 比赛；竞赛；竞争3. charge vt.& vi.收费，控诉；n.费用 (拼写区分： change )4. bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件；n.便宜货5. deserve vi.& vt.值得；应受（报答或惩罚）重点词组：1. take part in 参加，参与；2. as well 也，又，还；重点句式:1.as…as…和……一样2. nor/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语”本节难点：1. as well2. as…as…3. nor/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语”Teaching procedures:Step 1 Dictation of the words and phrases given . (5mins)Word Formation:(构词法)派生（加前后缀）un-/-able /-alStep 2 Check the answers to the exercises(before class) and comment on the excellent students. ( 2mins.)Organize the students to have a brief discussion of the exercises in groups.(5mins)Step 3 Analyse the difficult language pointsStep 4 According to the mistakes reflected in the paper, Let’s challenge ourselves to do more exercises.(10min)答案Ⅰ高频单词1．ａｄｍｉｔ＋n。
英语七年级下册Unit2复习
Academic lectures
Formal presentations on specific subjects, delivered by experts in the field, designed to inform and educate listeners
Explanation and demonstration of listening skills
math, science, history, geography, music, art
Vocabulary related to school facilities
classroom, library, playground, canteen, computer lab
Key phrases
What time do you usually?, I usually At..., My favorite subject is..., We have On
Practical simulation training
• Listening comprehension exercises: Practice exercises designed to test and improve listening comprehension skills, such as multiple choice questions or fill in the blank tasks
Grassing specific information, such as dates, names, and locations mentioned in the text
Inferring meaning
Drawing conclusions based on implied information and the speaker's tone of voice or title
《Review Module Unit 2》 学历案
《Review Module Unit 2》学历案一、学习目标1、能够熟练掌握本单元的重点词汇和短语，如_____、＿____、＿____等。
2、能够准确运用本单元所学的语法知识，如_____、＿____等，在实际语境中进行表达。
3、能够听懂与本单元主题相关的听力材料，并获取关键信息。
4、能够读懂包含本单元重点语言点的阅读文章，并理解其主旨大意和细节内容。
5、能够运用所学知识，围绕本单元的主题进行书面表达，如描述_____、阐述_____等。
二、学习重难点1、重点（1）词汇：熟练掌握本单元的重点词汇，如_____、＿____、＿____等，能够正确拼写和运用。
（2）语法：掌握本单元的重点语法结构，如_____、＿____等，能够在句子中准确使用。
（3）听力：提高听力技巧，能够捕捉听力材料中的关键信息。
（4）阅读：理解阅读文章中的长难句，掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
2、难点（1）语法的灵活运用：能够在不同的语境中正确使用所学的语法知识，避免语法错误。
（2）书面表达：能够运用所学词汇和语法，清晰、连贯地表达自己的观点和想法，使文章内容丰富、逻辑严密。
三、学习方法1、自主学习（1）预习本单元的词汇和语法，通过查阅词典、参考资料等方式，理解词汇的含义和用法，掌握语法规则。
（2）完成课本上的练习题，检验自己对知识的掌握程度，发现问题及时解决。
2、合作学习（1）与同学组成学习小组，互相交流学习心得和体会，共同解决学习中遇到的问题。
（2）进行小组讨论，针对本单元的重点和难点内容，进行深入探讨，拓宽思路，加深理解。
3、探究学习（1）对本单元的语言知识进行深入探究，如分析词汇的构成、语法的规律等，提高学习的主动性和积极性。
（2）通过阅读课外书籍、观看英语电影、听英语歌曲等方式，拓展英语学习的渠道，提高英语综合运用能力。
四、学习过程1、词汇学习（1）预习词汇：在预习时，先浏览本单元的词汇表，了解词汇的发音和基本含义。
《Review 2》 讲义
《Review 2》讲义在我们的日常生活和工作中，“回顾”是一个极其重要的环节。
它就像是一面镜子，让我们能够清晰地看到过去的自己，发现优点，也找出不足，从而为未来的发展指明方向。
今天，咱们就来好好聊聊“回顾”这件事儿。
首先，咱们得明白回顾的目的到底是什么。
简单来说，回顾不是为了沉湎于过去的辉煌或者错误，而是为了从中吸取经验教训，让接下来的路走得更顺畅。
比如说，在学习中，如果我们做完一套练习题后不进行回顾，就很难知道自己哪些知识点掌握得好，哪些还比较薄弱。
同样，在工作中，如果项目结束后不回顾整个过程，下次遇到类似的项目，可能还会犯同样的错误，效率也难以提高。
那么，如何进行有效的回顾呢？这得从几个方面入手。
第一，要有详细准确的记录。
就像记账一样，把发生的事情、自己的想法和行动都一一记录下来。
没有这样的基础，回顾就会变成无源之水、无本之木。
比如说，如果您是一位销售人员，要记录下与客户的每一次沟通细节，包括客户的需求、自己的应对策略以及最终的结果。
第二，要客观公正地分析。
很多时候，我们容易陷入自我辩护的陷阱，只看到自己做得好的地方，对错误和不足视而不见。
这可不行！得像法官判案一样，不偏不倚，实事求是。
比如在团队合作中，出现了问题，不能一味地把责任推给别人，而是要从整个流程和每个人的表现去分析，找出真正的原因。
第三，要善于总结规律。
回顾不是简单地罗列事实，而是要从这些事实中找出共性和规律。
比如在多次的考试中，发现自己总是在某一类题型上丢分，那就得总结出这类题型的特点和解题方法，下次遇到就能轻松应对。
接下来，咱们说说回顾的时机。
有些人觉得回顾应该定期进行，比如每周、每月或者每季度。
这当然是个好方法，可以让我们养成习惯，及时总结。
但也不能忽视了即时回顾，也就是在事情刚刚结束的时候，趁着记忆还新鲜，赶紧进行反思。
比如说，刚刚结束了一场重要的会议，趁着大家的想法还在脑海中，马上回顾一下会议的过程和结果，能得到更深刻的认识。
ReviewModuleUnit2(教案)2023-2024学年英语五年级下册
教案：Review Module Unit 2教学目标：1. 能够复习和巩固五年级下册第二模块的重点单词和句型。
2. 提高学生的听说读写能力，使他们在实际情境中运用英语进行交流。
3. 培养学生的团队合作精神，提高他们的口语表达能力。
教学内容：2. 复习 Module 2 的重点句型：How many families are there in your family?What subjects do you like?What time does your school start?Where is the library?教学重点与难点：1. 重点：复习 Module 2 的单词和句型，使学生能够熟练掌握并运用。
2. 难点：能够正确使用疑问词和回答问题，提高学生的听说能力。
教具与学具准备：1. 教具：黑板、粉笔、PPT、录音机、磁带。
2. 学具：学生课本、练习册、单词卡片、小组活动记录表。
教学过程：1. 热身活动（5分钟）老师与学生进行简单的英语对话，询问他们对于家庭成员、学校科目、学习时间等话题的看法。
学生进行小组活动，用英语介绍自己的家庭成员和喜欢的科目。
2. 单词复习（10分钟）老师通过PPT展示 Module 2 的单词，引导学生一起朗读并拼写。
学生进行小组活动，用单词卡片进行游戏，巩固单词记忆。
3. 句型复习（10分钟）老师通过PPT展示 Module 2 的句型，引导学生一起朗读并回答问题。
学生进行小组活动，用小组活动记录表进行角色扮演，运用句型进行交流。
4. 听力练习（10分钟）老师播放 Module 2 的听力材料，学生跟随录音朗读并模仿。
学生进行小组活动，用练习册进行听力练习，巩固听力能力。
5. 课堂小结（5分钟）老师与学生一起回顾本节课复习的内容，强调重点单词和句型的正确使用。
板书设计：1. Module 2 重点单词：brothersistermotherfatherfamilyfriendlovehappyschoolsubjectteacherstudentlibrarysportsmusic2. Module 2 重点句型：How many families are there in your family?What subjects do you like?What time does your school start?Where is the library?作业设计：1. 学生回家后，用 Module 2 的单词和句型写一篇小短文，描述自己的家庭成员和喜欢的科目。
仁爱英语九上总复习Review of Unit 2 Topic 2
Unit2 Topic2 All these problems are very serious复习学案Key phrases：1.变成______________2. 阻止…做某事________________3.吹走____________________4.人类______________5. 没有一个__________________6.到处______________________7.结果______________8. 砍倒____________________9.起初________________________ 10.在地球上______________ 11.拿走，取走_______________ 12.穿过，经过_____________ 13. 提到，涉及_____________ 14.温室效应_______________ 15.被…覆盖________________ 16.缺乏_________________ 17. ……的缺乏_______________ 18.避免(做)某事___________ 19.一天天________________ 20. 颁布法律__________________Key sentences：1. 结果，大量肥沃的土壤已经变成了沙漠。
_______________________________________________________________2. 树可以阻止风把土壤吹走。
_______________________________________________________________3. 我们不应该到处扔垃圾。
_______________________________________________________________4. 所有的这些问题都很严重，因此我们现在必须做一些事情了。
大英II补考复习资料
优先背诵红色字体部分段落翻译Unit 1Para.10To local historians, this explanation makes total sense. One historian said, “we should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonald’s. The McDonald brothers did.”在当地的历史学家看来，这种解释颇有道理。
有位历史学家说：“历史不容篡改。
雷。
克罗克没有创建麦当劳。
创建麦当劳的是麦氏兄弟。
”Para.11These days, a group of historians want the building to be added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonald’s from tearing the building down. The McDonald’s managers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure.这些天来，一组历史学家希望将该处建筑列入国家历史文物保护单位名册，这样，唐尼镇就能使麦当劳免遭拆除。
麦当劳的经理们非常恼火，因而将房屋弃置一旁。
Para.12Everyone hopes that the McDonald’s managers and the people of Downey will soon find peace. The building is still there, but boards cover the windows. Even so, people drive by to remember their McDonald’s, taking pictures of a moment in history before it gets taken away.人人都希望麦当劳经理们与唐尼的居民很快达成一致。
第二册英综复习资料
第⼆册英综复习资料Unit11. Local residents have reacted angrily to the news（对这⼀消息已表⽰愤怒）.2. While she felt like joining in the argument（南希虽然很想参加辩论）, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.3. The director insisted that those objecting should explain their reasons（那些反对的⼈们应该说明原因）.4. They are hardly likely to get home before ten（他们⼏乎不可能到家）.5. The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself（这封信必须交给威尔逊博⼠本⼈）.6. I finally managed to track down the book you wanted（想⽅设法找到了你想要的那本书）in a shop near the station.7. At the sight of the unexpected visitor（看到那位不速之客）, the host slammed the door shut（重重地关上了门）.8. Try to talk Lily into buying a ticket（尽量说服丽莉买⼀张票吧）.Vocabulary and Structure1. We had an argument ________ the waiter ________ the bill.A.with…forB. with…aboutC. to…overD. to…about2. He was capable of killing a man with his ________ hands.A.emptyB. ownC. bareD. tough3. The business is still ________ but it has survived the worst of the recession.A.on crisisB. out of crisisC. with crisisD. in crisis4. No new evidence ________ during the investigation.A.emergedB. appearedC. occurredD. arose5. Beijing is the ________ city of the 28th Olympic Games.A.hostD. holding6. I always had an ________ of her standing by that particular window.A.imaginationB. imageC. imageryD. imaginary7. Air tickets during spring festival season are ________ expensive.A.more likely to beB. likely to be mostC. most likelyD. more likely8. He ________ follow him.A. motioned with us toB. motioned for usC. motioned to us toD. motioned us for9. Your mother hasn’t ________ from the annaesthetic.A. come toB. come togetherC. come aboutD. come out10. A window ________ in the wind.A. slammedB. slam shutC. slammed shutD. slam shut11. The police officers must be prepared for ________.A. expectedB. unexpectedC. the unexpectedD. the expected12. I have been known to faint ________ blood.A. in the sight ofB. at the sight ofD. out the sight of13. We’ll go for a walk if you ________ it.A. felt likeB. feel likeC. felt as ifD. feels as if14. The cobra slowly ________ the bowl of milk.A. made forB. made toC. made intoD. made onto15. The police have so far failed to ________.A. track down the attackerB. track off the attackerC. track up the attackerD. track in attacker16. The ________ gave very different opinions on this issue.A. questioning peopleB. questioned peopleC. people questioningD. people questioned17. Johnny has ________ the fear of staying at home alone.A. grown intoB. outgrownC. grown upD. grown from18. ________ I’m willing to help, I do not have much time available.A. WhileB. WhenC. BecauseD. As soon as19. He ________ him 100 pounds.A. tricked me to lendB. tricked me into lendingD. tricked me into borrowing20. The medicine ________ three times a day after meals.A. is takenB. are takenC. is to be takenD. should take ANSWER KEYS:1-5 BCDAA 6-10 BACAC 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 DBABCUnit21. The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment（在很⼤程度上是由于设备有所改进）.2. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate (a moment) to prefer the latter / I should prefer the latter without any hesitation（我会毫不犹豫地选择后者）.3. Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment（吉姆本想按照⾃⼰的判断⾏事）.4. It was at an evening party that I first saw him（我是在⼀次晚会上第⼀次见到他的）.5. You will have to put in some extra work at night if you don’t want to get left behind （如果你不希望落后的话）.6. The wording of questions can strongly influence how people answer（会强烈影响⼈们的回答）.7. They recently appointed him (as) captain of the English team（最近任命他为英格兰队队长）.8. I have been rejected by all the universities I applied to（所有我申请的⼤学都没有录取我）.Vocabulary and Structure1. Following her recent _______ to the post, her husband was _______ to a newly organized committee.A. appointment…appointB. appoint…appointmentC. appointment…appointedD. appointed…appointment2. The government has done nothing to resolve（解决）the conflict _______ nurses’pay.A. aboutB. onC. ofD. over3. The cake was a delicious _______ of sponge, cream and fruit.A. creationB. creatorC. creatureD. creating4. _______ believe that privately _______ children are more independent.B. Education… educatedC. Educators… educatedD. Educators… educating5. A simple _______ of judgment meant that there was not enough food to go around.A. errorB. wrongC. faultD. problem6. I said without _______: “Please do not hesitate _______ me if you have any questions.”A. hesitation… about contactingB. hesitation… to contactC. hesitating… in contactingD. hesitating…over contact7. What exactly is the influence _______ television _______ children?A. over… onB. of…overC. of…uponD. over…of8. She was asked to _______ the essay competition.A. judgeB. evaluateC. commentD. estimate9. I finally managed to _______ a copy of the general manager’s report.A. acquireB. achieveC. obtainD. gain10. This model is technically superior _______ its competitors.A. overB. toC. forD. on11. The hijackers（劫机犯）threatened _______ kill one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.B. byC. withD. that12. _______ information from a member of the public, the police raided（搜查）the club.A. Acting forB. Acting outC. Acting upD. Acting on13. This is the oldest Hebrew（希伯来语）manuscript _______.A. come into existenceB. existingC. in existenceD. existed14. Britain is being _______ in the race for new markets.A. left offB. left behindC. left outD. left aside15. Mrs. Brown asked me to go to her daughter’s concert and I _______ her invitation with pleasure.A. receivedB. refusedC. acceptedD. rejected16. It is Miss White _______ found the child lying dead on the beach.A. whoB. whenC. whomD. which17. He wasn’t there on Monday. _______ on Tuesday, for that matter.A. NeitherB. NotC. NorD. Either18. Unless _______ very young, a tiger cannot be tamed.B. been caughtC. was caughtD. caught19. Mary considered herself _______ that she failed the final exam.A. luckyB. fortunateC. bad luckD. unlucky20. The fight was started by a gang of _______.A. youthsB. youthC. the youngD. child ANSWER KEYS:1-5 CDACA 6-10 BCACB 11-15 ADCBC 16-20 ACDDAUnit 61. As long as you keep on trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later（你迟早会解决这个难题的）.2. We never lose heart when we encounter difficulties in our work （当我们在⼯作中遇到困难的时候）.3. You needn’t dwell on your mistakes in judgment（你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了）.4. Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers’ safety（应该对乘客的安全负完全的责任）？5. John is called Mr. Fix It because there is almost nothing that he cannot fix（⼏乎没有他不会修的东西）.6. Once she began to write in English（⼀旦开始⽤英语写作），she felt how weak she was in the language.7. With his knowledge, skill and experience, he is bound to find a satisfactory job（他⼀定能找到⼀份称⼼如意的⼯作）.8. We should make our reservations in advance （我们应该提前预定）to get the flight we want.Vocabulary and Structure1. We need a monitor ______ whom everyone has confidence.A. toB. inC. ofD. aboutC. dweltD. lived3. To ______ a conflict, it is often necessary to make some kind of compromise.A. involveB. revolveC. resolveD. resolute4. We never lose heart when we ______ difficulties in our study.A. met withB. counterC. countD. encounter5. Before taking time to consider it, the president ______ our proposal for several months.A. sat onB. sat besideC. sat outD. set on6. Mr. Brown is a ______ manager who believes he’s always right about everything.A. confidentB. competentC. deceivedD. conceited7. Einstein is so famous that there is no one who ______ him.A. doesn’t knowB. knowsC. didn’t knowD. knew8. If you want a drink, I’ll get you _______.A. onesB. oneC. a drinkD. one drink9. ______ a good beginning is made, the work is half done.C. As soon asD. Once10. Dr. Nolen used to have trouble _____ back to sleep during the first few months of his residency.A. getB. to getC. gotD. getting11. An ambulance must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of______.A. crisisB. urgencyC. emergencyD. emergence12. He’s watching TV? He’s ______ to be cleaning his room.A. knownB. supposedC. regardedD. considered13. How does a doctor recognize the point in time ______ he is finally a surgeon?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when14. More than once at two in the morning, after lying ______ for an hour, I’d get out of bed and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself.A. awakeB. wakeC. wakenD. woke15. There were still situations in ______ I couldn’t be certain my decision had been the right one.A. thatD. when16. I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I ______ would bea sound one.A. have madeB. madeC. had madeD. would make17. We can never anticipate everything that will happen in the future _______.A. in timeB. on timeC. in advanceD. on advance18. I knew that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeoncould have, either. Which one of the following can best explain the underlined part?A. it was likely thatB. it was a good chanceC. I can get the chanceD. I can avoid the chance19. He received four years of training in English and two years in English teaching.He is a _______ English instructor.A. responsibleB. scaredC. vastD. qualified20. You are very _______ to take the trouble to help me. I can not thank you enough.A. significantB. vitalC. thoughtfulD. consideredANSWER KEYS1－5 B C C D A 6-10 D A B D D 11-15 C B D A C 16-20 C C A D CUnit 81. They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital（他们为新建⼀所医院开展了⼀场筹款运动）.3. Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles（退休往往会造成⼼理上的病痛）for some people.4. As the young man is very short of money, he is likely to apply for the dangerous job （他很可能会申请那份危险的⼯作）.5. In the case of a highly intelligent animal like the seal（对于像海豹这样⾮常聪明的动物来说），elementary training is easy.6. I’ll have my long skirts shortened because they are out of style now（我要把我的长裙改短，因为长裙⼦现在过时了）.7. Success lies in diligence. Dr. Nolen is a case in point（成功在于勤奋，诺兰医⽣就是个很好的例⼦）.8. Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly （使这⼀地区的经济得以迅速发展）. Vocabulary and Structure1. She was complaining that the doctor was ______ too much for the treatment hewas giving her.A. extendingB. offeringC. costingD. charging2. Writing is a slow process, requiring _______ thought, time and effort.A. significantB. considerableC. enormousD. numerous3. Generous public funding of basic science would ______ considerable benefits forthe country’s health, wealth and security.A. lead toB. result fromC. lie inD. settle down4. ________ his sister, Jack is quiet and doesn’t easily make friends with others.A. DislikeB. UnlikeC. AlikeD. Liking5. Although he was on a diet, the delicious food _______ him enormously.A. distractedB. stimulatedC. inspiredD. tempted6. Arriving home, the boy told his parents about all the _______ which occurred in his dormitory.A. occasionsB. mattersC. incidentsD. issues7. The policemen have found some _______ to the mysterious parcel.A. hintB. clueC. implicationD. suggestion8. The police are trying to find out the _____ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognitionC. statusD. identity9. We have planned an exciting publicity ______ with our advertisers.A. struggleB. battleC. campaignD. conflict10. _____ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. But forB. In case ofC. In spite ofD. Because of11. The schoolmaster _____ the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.A. applaudedB. enhancedC. elevatedD. clapped12. If you don’t give up computer games, you’ll _______ bad end.A. come toB. come up toC. come on toD. come around to13. ______ your broken leg, the surgeon could hardly do anything.A. In case ofB. In caseC. In the case ofD. In that case14. Cancer may not be deadly. My friend John, who has survived lung cancer for many years , is a good case in _____ .A. useB. exampleC. timeD. point15. This photo shows Beijing at its ______ in autumn.A. smartB. bestC. handsomeD. lowest16. The real trouble _______ their lack of confidence in their abilities.A. lies inB. lies onC. results inD. leads to17. It is too _____ on John, having to work when the rest of us are vacationing.A. strictB. seriousC. fairD. hard18. Sam had his long trousers shortened because they were _______.A. out of useB. out of styleC. out of the ordinaryD. out of stock19. The young man admitted ____ taking the books without paying for them.A. onB. inC. toD. with20. The classroom was almost empty; all _____ one student had finished the exam and left.A. besidesB. butC. except forD. from ANSWER KEYS1-5 DBABD 6-10 CBDCA 11-15 AACDB 16-20 ADBCB。
you might review the material two days
you might review the material two days
【最新版】
目录
1.提前两天复习材料的重要性
2.如何有效地进行复习
3.复习过程中应注意的事项
正文
在面对学习和考试时，我们常常会听到这样一句话：“临时抱佛脚，不如提前两天复习材料。
”这句话强调了提前复习的重要性，让学习效果更佳，考试成绩更好。
那么，我们应该如何在两天内进行有效的复习呢？
首先，我们需要明确复习的目标。
这包括了解需要复习的内容，确定哪些知识点需要重点掌握，以及预测可能会在考试中出现的题目类型。
然后，我们可以根据这些信息制定一个详细的复习计划，以便更好地利用这两天的时间。
其次，我们需要找到适合自己的学习方法。
这可能包括阅读课本、做笔记、做练习题、观看教学视频等。
对于每个知识点，我们都应该尽量理解其背后的原理，而不仅仅是死记硬背。
在做练习题时，我们应该关注自己的错误，并尝试从中吸取教训。
最后，我们需要注意一些复习过程中的事项。
例如，我们应该保持良好的作息时间，避免熬夜，以确保大脑的高效运作。
此外，我们也应该适当地进行放松，例如进行一些户外活动，以缓解学习带来的压力。
总的来说，提前两天复习材料是非常重要的，它可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握知识，从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。
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Review for Final-Part 2Chapters 10-18 and 20Homologous RecombinationChapter 10Double-stranded breaks can be caused by 2 situations. What are they?1. ionizing radiation2. by blockage of a replication fork during DNA replication.Repairing DSBsHow can double-stranded breaks be repaired?Recombination repairNonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)In prokaryotes like E. coli, homologous recombination is important for:1. repairing double-stranded breaks in DNA2. restarting replication forks that have collapsed3. allowing the chromosomal DNA to recombine with DNA that enters a bacterium throughtransformation, transduction, or conjugation.In eukaryotes homologous recombination is important for:1. repairing double-stranded breaks in DNA2. restarting replication forks that have collapsed3. proper pairing of chromosomes during meiosis4. increasing variation by rearranging the genes on a chromosomeAlleles: different forms of a gene that have the same location on homologous chromosomes. Short regions of the base pairing form between the 2 DNA molecules that are recombining. A single-stranded DNA pairs with its complementary strand in the homologous duplex DNA molecule. What is this called?What are the mismatches called?heteroduplex DNAStrand invasion connects the 2 DNA molecules and forms a new structure. What is it called? Holliday junctionThe Holliday junction can move along the DNA by breaking the bonds between the base pairs and reforming new bonds. What is the name for movement of the Holliday junction? branch migrationIn the resolution step the Holliday junction is cut to release the strands.RecBCD binds to a double-stranded break and then moves along the DNA unwinding it and often it destroys the strands with its nuclease activity.RecBCD also helps load RecA onto the single-stranded ends. RecA is a strand-exchange protein.The activity of RecBCD is controlled by specific DNA sequences called chi sites (χ sites). Chi stands for c rossover h ot spot i nstigator.When RecBCD reaches a chi site, it stops digesting one strand to form a 3’ tail with the chi site at the end. RecA binds to this tail to begin recombination.RecA catalyzes strand invasion. Once RecA has formed a filament on single-stranded DNA, it searches for homologous (complementary) sequences in double-stranded DNA.RecA bound to 3 strands of DNA is called a joint molecule.Within this structure RecA catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between bases and forming hydrogen bonds with the single-stranded DNA.In eukaryotes the strand invasion accomplished by RecA in bacteria is performed by Dmc1 and Rad51.2. Gene ConversionGene conversion is a phenomenon in which alleles are segregated in a 3:1 not a 2:2 ratio in meiosis.Site-Specific Recombination and Transposition of DNAChapter 11There are 2 main types of genetic recombination. What are they?conservative site-specific recombination (CSSR)transpositionA. Conservative Site-Specific RecombinationConservative site-specific recombination differs from transposition in that short specific sequences, are the only sites at which recombination occurs. These sequences are called recombination sites.The recombination sites are recognized by recombinase.1. Recombinases1. There are 2 families of conservative site-specific recombinases. What are they?a. serine recombinasesb. tyrosine recombinasesTo integrate the lambda integrase protein (λInt) catalyzes recombination between 2 specific sites named attachment sites or att.The attP site is in the phage DNA, while the attB site is in the bacterial chromosome.Lambda integrase (λInt) is a tyrosine recombinase that recognizes attP and attB.A prophage can initiate a lytic cycle. This is called induction.Certain environmental conditions such as UV irradiation can stimulate induction of the prophage.The UV irradiation activates RecA.RecA causes autocleavage of λ repressor resulting in transcription of the lytic genes.B. Transpositiontransposable element: a sequence of DNA found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that can move from one location to another in the genome.Bacterial transposable elements are called transposons.Transposition: movement of a transposable element to a new site in the genomeThe enzyme that catalyzes transposition is called transposase.There are 3 kinds of transposable elements based on their structure and method of transposition. What are they?DNA transposonsviral-like retrotransposonsPoly-A retrotransposonsA DNA transposon has inverted repeats at the ends and the coding sequence for the enzyme,transposase.Viral-like retrotransposons have long terminal repeats (LTR).This one encodes integrase and reverse transcriptase (RT). RT is needed because an RNA intermediate is produced during replication.1. Autonomous transposable elements contain a functional transposase gene and theseelements can transpose on their own.2. Nonautonomous transposable elements have mutations in the transposase gene andare dependent on the transposase from another element to transpose.In the cut-and-paste mechanism transposase binds to the inverted repeat sequences and brings them together.After the transposon is excised, the 3’ OH breaks the phosphodiester bonds at the n ew site of insertion. This new site is called the target DNA. For most transposons, the target DNA could be any sequence.The formation of target site duplications indicates that the transposase makes a staggered cut in the target sequence.Mechanisms of TranscriptionChapter 12A. Four requirements for transcriptionThere are 4 things that are necessary for transcription of DNA:1. template DNA2. RNA polymerase3. promoter4. 4 rNTPsWhat is a holoenzyme?A holoenzyme is a complex of many subunits that has a core enzyme, which has function, butthis function is increased by the presence of other protein subunits.b. the holoenzymeThe holoenzyme of RNA polymerase has the 4 subunits from the core enzyme plus σ(sigma).σ (sigma) acts as a specificity factor. It recognizes the promoter sequences in the DNA. What is the name for the main σ factor in E. coli ?σ70A consensus sequence is a sequence of nucleotides or amino acids in common betweenregions of homology in different but related DNA or RNA or protein sequences. Often the sequences of many different genes or species are compared to identify the consensussequence.B. Steps in TranscriptionWhat are the three steps in transcription?1. Initiation2. Elongation3. Termination1. InitiationThere are 3 steps in initiation. What are they?1. forming the closed complex2. forming the open complex3. addition of the first nucleotides and promoter escape (loss of sigma)The first base pair that is added is usually an adenine. The RNA polymerase binds to the adenine and holds it in place for another ribonucleotide to come and bind to it.When the holoenzyme, which includes the σ70 factor, binds to the DNA, first it forms the closed complex. Then the enzyme changes shape. This is called isomerization. Isomerization means a reversible change in the conformation of an enzyme.What are the 2 mechanisms that RNA polymerase has for proofreading theRNA?a. pyrophosphorolytic editingb. hydrolytic editingRemoval of Stopped RNA PolymerasesSometimes an RNA polymerase can become stopped. This is usually caused by damage to the DNA.In bacterial transcription-coupled repair, TRCF removes the stopped RNA polymerase and recruits repair enzymes to the damaged DNA. UvrBC repair the DNA.3. TerminationThere are 2 different ways thattranscription of a gene terminates?What are they?a. rho (ρ) independentb. rho (ρ) dependenta. rho (ρ) independentRho independent terminators have an inverted repeat sequence.What is this called?PalindromeA palindrome sequence forms a stem and loop structure. This is also called a hairpinstructure.a. RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNAs—the 5.8S, 18S and 28S rRNAs. This occurs in thenucleolus.b. RNA polymerase III transcribes the tRNAs, the 5S rRNA and the U6 small nuclear RNA(snRNA).The genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III are expressed in every cell. What are these called?These are housekeeping genes.c. RNA polymerase II transcribes all the genes that encode proteins. It also transcribes mostof the small nuclear RNA genes.The elements that can be present in a core promoter:a TATA box and an initiatorTFIID is a complex of several subunits including a TBP (TATA-box-binding protein)and 8-10 TBP associated factors (TAFs).4. Post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA occur.What post-transcriptional modifications occur in eukaryotic cells?a. A 5’ cap is added to the 5’ end of themRNA.b. A poly A tail is added to the 3’ end of the mRNA.c. The RNA is spliced.RNA SplicingChapter 13RNA splicing removes the introns from the pre-mRNA to produce a mature mRNA. Alternative splicing produces different proteins. These are called isoforms.A. The Chemistry of SplicingAt the 5’ end where an exon meets and intron there is a sequence that indicates a 5’ splice site. At the 3’ end of the intron is another site indicating a 3’ splice site.Besides the 5’ splice site and the 3’ splice site, a sequence called the branch point site is also needed.1. Steps in SplicingThere are 2 steps in splicing in which the phosphodiester bonds in the RNA are broken and reformed. The reactions are called transesterifications.In RNA splicing the lariat is rapidly degraded after it is produced by the splicing process.B. The SpliceosomeThe enzymes that catalyze the 2 steps in splicing form a complex. What is this complex called?spliceosomeEach small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is bound by proteins called small nuclear ribonuclear proteins or snRNPs(pronounced “snurps”).2. Three Classes of RNA SplicingWhat are the 3 ways that RNA splicing can occur in cells?a. Nuclear pre-mRNA splicingb. Group I intron splicingc. Group II intron splicing5. Splicing Pathway for Group II IntronsGroup II introns use the same mechanism as the nuclear pre-mRNA splicing.For group II introns, proteins can stabilize the RNA, but are not required.6. Group I IntronsGroup I introns are also self-splicing, but they use a different mechanism.Instead of using an A at the branch point, a free G is bound by the RNA and used to bind to the 5’ splice site.There are 2 kinds of errors that could occur in splicing:1. skipping an exon2. using a pseudo (false) splice siteWhat are the 2 mechanisms to avoid errors in RNA splicing?1. splicing occurs during transcription2. serine arginine rich proteins (SR)2. serine arginine rich proteins (SR)SR (serine arginine rich proteins) bind to sequences in the RNA called exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) that are within exons.SR proteins bound to ESE s bind to components of the spliceosome to bring them to the nearby splice sites.What are the 4 ways that alternative splicing can occur?a. exon skippedb. exon extendedc. intron retainedd. alternative exons3. Regulated Alternative Splicinga. SR proteins regulate alternative splicing. They bind to 4 kinds of specific sequences:1. exonic splicing enhancers (ESE)2. intronic splicing enhancers (ISE)3. exonic splicing silencers (ESS)4. intronic splicing silencers (ISS)What is a vaccine?A vaccine is a harmless form of a pathogen (bacteria or virus) that is swallowed or injected toproduce an immune response so they cannot be infected with the pathogen.Polio is a virus that kills nerve cells.In the 1950s scientists discovered after they had begun immunizing people for polio that the African green monkey cells were infected with SV40 virus.Steric HindranceIf 2 alternative introns are too close together, snRNPs cannot bind to both sites at the same time.We call this steric hindrance.Nonsense Mediated DecayNonsense mediated decay (NMD) occurs when there are 2 exons that both contain a termination codon. If both of these exons are included the mRNA, there is a premature termination codon and the mRNA is degraded by NMD.The main spliceosome is named the U2-dependent spliceosome or it is called the major spliceosome and the rare form is named the minor spliceosome.E. Trans-SplicingIn some eukaryotes splicing can occur between different RNA transcripts. What is this called? Trans-splicing is when pre-mRNA from 2 different genes are spliced together.What are the 2 mechanisms for RNA editing?a. site-specific deaminationb. using a guide RNAG. Regulation of mRNA transportTo be translated the mRNA must exit the nucleus and move to the cytosol. There are nuclear pore complexes that allow this transport.What is the name for the amount of time for 50% of the mRNA to be degraded?Half-lifeTranslation and the Genetic CodeChapters 14 and 15A. There are 4 components that are required for translation. What are they?1. mRNA2. tRNA3. aminoacyl tRNA synthetases4. ribosomes1. mRNAEach messenger RNA (mRNA) contains regions that encode protein sequence. In this sequence there are 3 nucleotide units called codons that indicate a particular amino acid. The first codon is called the start codon. The last codon is called the stop codon.The DNA that was transcribed into RNA contains the sequences required to encode a polypeptide. This is called an open reading frame (ORF).The mRNA of an ORF begins with a translation start codon, followed by a sequence of codons that specify amino acids, and ends with a stop codon.Prokaryotic mRNA often encodes 2 or more polypeptides. What is this called?polycistronic mRNAsEukaryotic mRNA nearly always encodes a single polypeptide. What is this called? monocistronic mRNARibosomes must bind to the mRNA for translation to occur. Prokaryotic mRNAs have a ribosome binding site (RBS) sequence that is upstream of the start codon. Thissequence is also called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.The 16S rRNA base pairs to the ribosome binding site.Some of the bases in the tRNA are modified following transcription. This is called post-transcriptional modification.Post-transcriptional modification: when changes are made after transcriptionTransfer RNA has a D loop, a T loop, a variable loop and an anticodon loop.The amino acids are attached to the acceptor stem part of the tRNA.tRNAs that lack an amino acid are said to be uncharged.Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase attaches amino acids to tRNAs.After the amino acid has been attached, thetRNA is said to be acylated or charged.3. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetaseThere are 2 reactions in attaching an amino acid to a tRNA.1. The first step is an adenylylationAdenylylation is the transfer of AMP.2. tRNA chargingWhat drives the reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?The energy provided by hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate by a pyrophosphatase.What are the 2 ways that aminoacyl synthetase avoids adding the wrong amino acid?1. The shape and size of the active site limits which amino acids can bind.2. The editing function can remove amino acids that are incorrect.In bacteria where transcription and translation are not separated by the nuclear membrane, an mRNA can be translated while it is still being transcribed.What is this called?coupled-transcription-translationStructure of RibosomesTranslation occurs on ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of a small and a large subunit that are named for their sedimentation rates.The unit for sedimentation velocity is the Svedberg (S).The prokaryotic ribosome is made of the 30S and 50S subunits. Together they make the 70S ribosome.In prokaryotes the small subunit has a 16S rRNA and 21 proteins.The large subunit has a 5S and 23S rRNA and about 34 proteins.Eukaryotic ribosomes are made of a 40S and a 60S subunit and together they make an 80S ribosome.The small subunit has an 18S rRNA and about 33 proteins.The large subunit has a 5S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA and 49 proteins.What is the name for an mRNA with multiple ribosomes?a polyribosome or polysomeThe beginning end of the polypeptide that has a free NH2 or amino group is called the amino terminus (N).The other end has a free COOH group or carboxyl group and this is called the carboxyl terminus (C).The ribosome has 3 binding sites for tRNA. What are they?1. A site for aminoacyl-tRNA2. P site for peptidyl-tRNA3. E site for exitTranslationThere are 3 steps in translation:What are they?1. initiation2. elongation3. terminationThere are 3 initiation factors that mediate initiation. They are called IF1, IF2, and IF3.A peptide bond is formed between the amino acids. This is mediated by peptidyl transferase. In a step called translocation, the peptidyl-tRNA in the A site must move to the P site. Elongation factor EF-Tu binds to an amino acid and brings it to the A site.EF-Tu binds to the 3’ end of the tRNA and blocks the amino acid from forming a peptide bond until EF-Tu dissociates. This helps ensure that the correct amino acid is added. Elongation factor EF-G, which is bound to GTP, binds to the A site. The GTP is hydrolyzed and this moves the tRNA from the A site to the P site.The ribosome has moved forward 3 base pairs to reach the next codon.EF-Tu requires help in releasing the GDP. Elongation factor EF-Ts acts as a GTP exchange factor. EF-Ts binds to EF-Tu and removes the GDP. GTP binds and displaces the EF-Ts.Now the EF-Tu can bind to a charged tRNA.G. TerminationElongation occurs until a stop codon is reached. Release factors (RF) bind to the stop codons and activate hydrolysis of the polypeptide from the tRNA.The ribosome is still left bound to the mRNA and there are 2 uncharged tRNAs in the P and E sites.Ribosome recycling factor(RRF) mediates the recycling of the ribosome.In prokaryotes a ribosome stuck on a mRNA with no stop codon can be rescued by a tmRNA. This is a molecule that is part tRNA and part mRNA.Nonsense-Mediated DecayRemember that mRNAs that have premature stop codons are degraded by nonsense- mediated decay (NMD).When a stop codon occurs early because of mutation or a mistake in RNA splicing, a protein removes the 5’ cap from the mRNA. This leads to rapid degradation by a 5’→3’exonuclease.Nonstop-mediated DecayA ribosome that is stuck on an mRNA fragment with no stop codon can be rescued bynonstop-mediated decay in eukaryotes.Summary of the Genetic Code1.The genetic code is nonoverlapping.2.There are no gaps in the code.3.The genetic code is triplet.4. The code is redundant or degenerate.5. There are 3 stop codons. UAA, UAG, UGA6. AUG is the start codon. It encodes methionine. Nearly all proteins start with methionine.7. The code is almost universal.B. Wobble HypothesisThe first 2 bases of a codon must pair correctly with the anticodon, but that the last base of the codon can “wobble”.What is this called?This is called the wobble hypothesis.The third position of the codon is called the wobble base pair.It was known that the unusual nucleotide, inosine was in the anticodon of some tRNAs.Inosine is similar to guanine.Inosine can bind to C, U, or A.Antibiotic: a substance that inhibits or kills bacteriaTranscriptional Regulation in ProkaryotesChapter 16Basal level expression is the low level of expression that occurs all the time in the absence of any regulatory proteins.What does constitutive mean?expressed all the timeSummaryThere are 2 mechanisms of negative regulation:1. Blocking--A repressor binds and blocks RNA polymerase from binding2. allostery--A repressor causes a change or inhibits a change in RNA polymeraseThere are 2 mechanisms of positive regulation:1. Cooperative binding--An activator recruits RNA polymerase to the promoter.2. Allostery--An activator causes a change in the structure of RNA polymerase or the DNA.B. Lactose OperonThe lactose operon (lac operon) system of the bacteria E. coli regulates the transcription of genes involved in metabolism of the sugar lactose.Lactose is the sugar in milk.When the glucose is all gone and lactose is present, it is important for E. coli to turn on the genes necessary to metabolize lactose.An inducer binds to the lac repressor. This changes its shape so that it no longer binds to the operator.This is allosteric regulation.What two enzymes are required for the metabolism of lactose by E. coli?1. β-galactosidase cuts lactose into galactose and glucose.2. Lactose permease is required for the transport of lactose into cells.The 3 genes of the lac operon are grouped together.The β-galactosidase gene is first (lacZ),then galactoside permease (lacY), followed by thiogalactoside transacetylase (lacA). When no lactose is present there is negative regulation of the lac operon.The lac repressor is encoded by the lacI gene. It is a tetramer of 4 identical subunits. It binds to a DNA sequence known as the operator that is located just after the promoter sequence. Binding of the lac repressor inhibits binding of RNA polymerase, sotranscription is reduced.What is the inducer?allolactoseSometimes through recombination theF plasmid becomes integrated into the bacterial chromosome.Later through recombination the F plasmid may separate from the bacterial chromosome.Some bacterial genes may be included. What is this called?an F’ plasmidTreating lacY- cells with lysozyme allowed the lactose to enter the cell.Lysozyme is an enzyme that digests cell walls.What did this suggest?This suggested that lacY was involved in the transport of lactose into cells.Often in the laboratory IPTG is used to induce the lac operon. It cannot be cut by theβ-galactosidase so it is not consumed. This leaves the lac operon genes turned on.Some of the lac operon mutants had constant expression of the lac operon genes. These bacteria have constitutive mutations.The bacteria that regulate lac operon expression and express the genes only when lactose is present are inducible.O c mutants have a mutation of the operator and occur only when the mutated operator and the lac genes are on the same piece of DNA.These mutations are cis dominant because they only effect the expression of the piece of DNA they are on.cis dominant: when a gene or DNA sequence controls only the genes that are on the same piece of DNAtrans dominant: when a gene or DNA sequence controls genes that are on different pieces of DNAThe lac repressor is trans dominant.When lactose is present and glucose is not, CAP binds to cyclic AMP (cAMP). This complex (cAMP-CAP) binds to an activation site which is just upstream of the promoter. Binding of the cAMP-CAP complex to DNA increases transcription.Signal IntegrationThe lactose operon genes provide an example of signal integration. There are 2 signals, the lac repressor and CAP.In signal integration, there are multiple signals that together regulate a cellular activity.C. The Galactose OperonThe enzymes that metabolize galactose are located in the galactose operon.In the absence of galactose the gal operon is turned off.There is a negative regulator, thegal repressor, that binds to both operators and inhibits transcription.Galactose acts as an inducer and prevents binding of the gal repressor to the operons.CAP is a regulator for both the lac operon and the gal operon. Actually, CAP is a regulator for more than 100 different genes in E. coli.What is it called when one transcription factor regulates many genes?combinatorial controlG. The araBAD OperonThe araBAD operon contains the genes that metabolize the sugar arabinose.These genes are turned on only when arabinose is present and glucose is not.The expression is regulated by AraC and CAP.When there is no arabinose present the AraC protein binds to 2 operator sequences and forms a loop in the DNA similar to the lac operon. This inhibits transcription of the arabinose operon because there is no AraC bound at araI2, which is needed to activate transcription. When arabinose is present, it changes the structure of AraC so that it no longer binds to the operators, but it binds to the araI2sequence and activates transcription.2. Lambda regulators and their binding sitesc I encodes λ repressor. λ repressor has an amino-terminal domain that binds to DNA. This is connected by a flexible linker to a carboxyl-terminal domain. The carboxyl-terminus allows the λ repressor to form dimers or tetramers.λ repressor can act as a negative regulator of transcription and also as an activator.The mechanism of negative regulation is to block binding by RNA polymerase. The site λrepressor binds to on the DNA overlaps with the promoter.3. λ Repressor binds cooperatively to operator sitesλ repressor binds cooperatively to the DNA. First a single dimer binds to O R1. Then through interactions in the carboxyl terminus, another dimer can bind to both the first λrepressor dimer and the DNA at O R2.Cro stands for c ontrol of r epressor and o ther things. Cro also binds as a dimer and it binds to the same 6 operator sequences that λ repressor binds to. Cro has different affinities for these sequences. Cro has the highest affinity for O R3. This affinity is 10-fold higher than its affinity for O R1 and O R2.When a Cro dimer binds to O R3, there is no Cro or λ repressor bound to O R1 and O R2. RNA polymerase bind to P R and the lytic genes are transcribed. Transcription also occurs at P L.P R and P L are both strong promoters that do not require an activator.If λ repressor is bound to O R1 and O R2, RNA polymerase is blocked from binding to P R. λrepressor will also bind to O L1 and O L2 to stop transcription from P L.Binding of λ repressor activates transcription at P RM.λ repressor recruits RNA polymerase to P RM.λ repressor is both a repressor and an activator.Notice that λ repressor activates expression of the gene encoding itself (cI encodes λrepressor). This is called positive autoregulation.There is also negative autoregulation of λ repressor. If the concentration of λ repressor rises too high, it will bind to O R3 as well as O R1 and O R2. Binding at O R3 will block RNApolymerase binding to P RM and repress this promoter. This stops the production of λrepressor until the concentration of λ repressor decreases and it no longer binds to O R3. Activated RecA also causes λ repressor to cleave itself (autocleavage) resulting in transcription of the lytic genes. The carboxyl terminal domain of the λ repressor isremoved, so it cannot dimerize or bind cooperatively. λ repressor no longer binds to O R1, O R2 (or O L1 and O L2).7. Transcriptional AntiterminationN and Q proteins are transcriptional antiterminators. An antiterminator prevents termination of transcription.N protein binds to sites in the RNA called nut for N ut ilization. After N binds to the RNA it moves to RNA polymerase and prevents transcription termination by an unknownmechanism.Transcriptional Regulation in EukaryotesChapter 17Often when scientists study DNA regulatory sequences, they use a reporter gene to measure the amount of transcription that is produced by the regulatory sequences.A reporter gene is a gene whose expression can easily be measured that is ligated to the DNAregulatory sequences that are being studied.The most well studied eukaryotic activator is Gal4. This protein activates transcription of the genes needed for metabolism of the sugar galactose in yeast.What are yeast?Saccharomyces cerevisiaeGal4 regulates the expression of Gal1. There are 4 binding sites in the DNA for Gal4 275 bp upstream of the Gal1 gene sequence.When galactose is present, Gal4 binds to these sequences, and the transcription of Gal1 is increased 1000 times.The scientists produced a hybrid gene that contained the C terminal part of the Gal4 gene joined to the DNA binding domain of the bacterial repressor LexA. When the hybrid gene was translated, it produced a fusion protein.The yeast also contained a plasmid that has the Gal1 promoter and lacZ reporter gene with LexA binding sequences upstream of the reporter gene. The LexA-Gal4 fusion protein activated transcription of lacZ and β-galactosidase was produced.。