Division (长句 的处理)2
翻译的八大常用技巧
作用与意义1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。
We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
A large family has its difficulties.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。
Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.舟遥遥以轻扬,风飘飘而吹衣。
汉译英翻译技巧-长句的翻译_大学英语
长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。
汉语和英语都有长句,但在句子结构上的差异很大。
所以,在翻译时要讲究方法,否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。
在处理长句时,要注意如何断句和如何区分主从,正确运用合并法,倒置法和插入法。
一、断句所谓断句,就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。
大凡长句多为复句,而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。
汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译,才能使意思清晰,结构利落,合乎英语的表达习惯。
另外,现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短,文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。
为此,翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。
一般来说,在以下几种情况下都可以断句:1. 汉语句子较长,内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句,在结构上有困难,语境也不清楚;断句则便于清晰地表达原意,又符合英语的表达习惯。
·历来只有真正老实的劳动者,才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想,而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动,为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何,把你雇在隔壁人家放牛,每月可以得他几钱银子,你又有现成饭吃,只在明日就要去了。
There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。
翻译技巧课时(一):拆分和合并
翻译技巧之拆分法(division)和合并法(combination)拆分法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。
拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。
汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。
所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。
这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
如:(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益(在主谓连接处拆译)(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。
中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。
(在定语从句前拆译)(3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth,who see Britain‘s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。
英文分译法Division
翻译技巧5分译法I、单词分译1.副词例1:They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
例2:The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
例3:He is suggestively silent.他一声不吭,似有隐衷。
2.形容词例1:That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出来的。
例2:She wanted to find a lonely place to shed private tears.她想找个没人的地方,自己一个人哭一场。
例3;Alice and Mary stood in quiet sorrow for some time.艾利斯和玛丽伤心地站着,好一阵子谁也没有说话。
3.名词例1:He shook his head and his eyes were wide,then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头,两眼睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
例2:Pressing down the button of the alarm-clock,he curled up for a last moment under the bedclothes.他把闹钟的按钮按下,蜷缩在被子下面,享受最后一刻的温暖。
II、句子分译a.含定语从句的句子:除少数情况这类从句都是长句。
英译汉中,如若不能将其译成合适的前置定语,一般分译成另外一个独立的句子或另一种从句,如状语从句等。
例He visited many places,in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors.他访问了许多地方,到处受到热情的欢迎。
5.科技英语长句的翻译
• 译文:另外,矿物燃料每年释放52亿公吨二氧 化碳进入大气,同时热带森林的燃烧大约释 放出18亿公吨二氧快引 发温室效应。
• 试译(顺译):
• 1)Although there is reason to hope that superconductivity may one day be found to exist in some materials at room temperature, for the moment is a phenomenon of the utterly cold.
• 译文:虽然有理由指望有一天可以发现某些 材料在室温下会具有超导性,但目前超导性 还只是一种在极冷情况下发生的现象。
• 2. Moving around the nucleus are extremely tiny particles,called electrons, which revolve around the nucleus in much the same way as the nine planets do around the sun.
• 译文:
• 因此,每个气缸都用一个水套围着, 水套 形成循环回路的一部分。水泵驱使水在回 路中不停地流动,并由外面鼓进空气来使 水冷却。鼓风用的大型旋转风扇是由辅助 电机带动。
• 2. One way / to make possible the reclamation of /the valuable substances from coal / which now go up the chimney as smoke / is to turn coal into gas and coke.
科技英语长句的翻译
• 首先弄清句法结构(主句和从句,以及它们之间的逻辑关系), 然后按照英语意群切断原文长句, 解构为多个小句再翻译; 例如:
全新版大学英语(第二版)4作文翻译及长句翻译
攻势已经持续了三天,但是我们并没有取得多少进展。
师长(division commander)命令我们营(battalion) 夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。
然而,要绕到敌人后方,我们必须越过一片沼泽地(marshland)。
我们很多人担忧会陷入泥潭之中。
我们营长决定冒一下险。
所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰,我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。
这一下扭转了战局。
敌人没有戒备,不久便投降了。
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble . Lucky enough,thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard , soon surrendered.汽车自从发明以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化,永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。
Division2012学生
Division at word level1.He is suggestively silent.他一声不吭似有隐衷。
2.She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.她以自己高超的厨艺为荣,这有情可原。
3.Jordan cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference.约旦若拒绝接受阿拉伯外长会议的邀请,这在礼貌上也说不过去。
w enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.司法部门如对此不闻不问,那就是失责。
5.This is an OPEC matter and any comment on it should appropriatel y come from OPEC.这是份石油输出组织文件,任何有关它的评论都应出自石油输出组织。
6.Efforts like port protection in America remain grossly underfunded, and U.S. borders remain disturbingly porous.由于在进出港施行保护措施严重缺乏资金,美国的边境仍然漏洞百出,令人不安。
7.And her skin-tight and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.而且一条紧身裙和一件桔黄色的毛衣将她柔软、苗条的身材衬托得恰到好处。
8.They vainly protested against the new tax law.他们对新税法提出抗议,但没有效果。
9.They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talks.他们企图把和谈破裂的罪名扣在我们头上,但没有成功。
翻译技巧之分分合合
翻译技巧之分分合合切分(division)与合并(combination)是翻译中最常用的方法。
切分:原文中的一个词或短语很难照原样处理,有必要将其单独译成一个句子。
或者是将一个长句一分为二,切分成两个句子。
合并:有时译者要合并语言成分,因为合在一起更符合中文的表达习惯,更顺畅。
合并的可以是几个词,也可以是几个句子。
一、切分译法(1)把原句中的一个单词或短语译成句子:(副词→单句)Developing countries seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.发展中国家似乎为他们在经济上取得的成绩而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
Those Chinese scientists in Silicon Valley are understandably proud of their achievements.这些在硅谷工作的科学家对他们取得的成就感到很自豪,这是可以理解的。
Incidentally,I hope to get better medical treatment in other countries than I can possibly get here in the Unite States.顺便提一下,我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。
They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
(形容词→单句)A naive projection of their past growth rates into the future was likely to greatly over- state their real prospects.若以过去的增长率来预测未来,会显得考虑欠妥,因为那种预测会严重夸大未来的实际增长。
That region was the most clearly identifiable trouble spot.那个地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家都容易看得出来的。
分译法.doc
1. Definition•Division refers to the splitting of a word (usually an adj. or adverbial) or a phrase( e.g. a nominal phrase, phrases of participles) from its original position to be a clause or a clause (an attributive clause, a sequential clause….) t o be a separate sentence.•冯庆华教授(2001:92)把分译法划分成―转句译法‖和―断句译法‖,认为二者都是把原文较长的句子拆开来说,不同之处在于前者指把原文中的一个词组或词语拉出来翻译成独立的句子,后者指把原文中的从句拉出来翻译成独立的句子。
•郭著章、李庆生(1996:93-96)认为分译法主要用于长句的翻译,长句的翻译是分译法的主要内容,但分译法也应该包括某些词语意义的分译。
•郭著章、李庆生(1996:95-96)认为―所谓一长句可分译成几句中的句子的含义是什么呢?此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号,而在于有无主谓结构。
一般说来,含有一个主谓结构的语言部分就是一个句子。
‖2. Causes•Different ways of thinking and expressing. Linguistically, different collocation rules and complexity of sentence structures.树形结构vs 竹节结构•在句法结构上,英语讲究语法外形的完整,而汉语则侧重表意,不追求外形的完整性。
•英语句法结构被称为―树形结构‖——干上有枝,枝上有节,节外生枝,形态结构完整严密,―以形统神‖。
•汉语善于用词组和短句逐次排列,好比一根竹子,所以被称为―竹节结构‖——像竹节那样一节一节的,明快而简朴。
长句翻译
他气急败坏,于是他派神兵神将前来捉拿白
蛇精,并将她镇压在一座塔下面。 Much enraged, he sent divine troops from heaven to capture White Snake, incarcerating her underneath a pagoda.
翻译方法
古老中国的图景被带往异域他乡,小小的农舍偎依 在路旁的树丛中,袅袅炊烟飘向绿色的屏障,荫凉 的蔷薇丛环绕着门庭;远处的小街可见一座设计不 太规范的客店,灰色教堂的尖顶在不远处耸立于乡 村墓地中。 The pictures of old England are carried away to other climes(地域,地方),a little cottage nestling(安卧) amidst the wayside trees, the blue smoke curling up against the green, and a bower(树阴处) of roses round the door,with its rambling (布局不规范的)old inn(酒店)in the steet a little distance away, and the hoary (灰白的), grey church-tower in its township of tombstone.
课堂讨论
1.英语译文的语序 4.用多个英语短句 与汉语一致吗? 翻译这个汉语长 句与此译文有什 2.翻译者运用什么 么差异? 英语语法构成了 如此之长的句子? 3.用多个英语短句 翻译这个汉语长 句,看看效果如 何。
课堂练习
请同学们翻译: 从前有个俊俏的年轻人,名叫小王,人人 都欢他,可她总是闷闷不乐,因为他有一个 说话尖刻,老套不休的继母。
长句的翻译
长句翻译汉语是以分析形式为主的语言,句子结构比较松散。
有时一个句子里存在不少并列成分,但并没有连接词把其中的逻辑关系明显地表现出来。
英语是以综合形式为主的语言,句子结构比较严谨,各个句子成分之间的逻辑关系需要明确彰显。
两种语言在语法结构上的差异加大了长句翻译的难度。
(1)原序对译即顺译法。
这种方法多用于单一主语的长句,但要分清句中的信息重心。
汉语的信息重心在许多情况下不体现在形式上,而体现在内在逻辑关系上。
而英语句子很注重信息的主次之分,主要信息放在突出位置,次要信息作为辅助性的描写或叙述手段。
所以汉译英时,应该把汉语隐性主次关系发掘出来,译成英语的主次表达方式。
通常,汉语中表示“结果、行为动作、推论结论、本质、目的”的部分会译成英语的主句或谓语部分;汉语中表示“时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、方法、手段、状态、说明、解释、非本质、修饰、否定”的部分,在英语中则以从句或非谓语动词的形式体现。
例1:原文:当他活着一天,总要尽量多工作、多学习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉。
(2005年真题)译文:As long as they are living, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.例2:原文:…一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,顿感被打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。
(2003年真题)译文:Once I was deposed into a cold palace on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.例3:原文:我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界,一片喧闹。
英语长句的分析技巧
1.Any company larger than 300 workers that fails to meet the minimum hiring standard must pay a penalty(处罚 of 50000 Yen for each of the unfilled 处罚) 处罚 positions. 2.Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 3.The period characterized by so vast a body of elaborately representational art produced for the sake of illustrating anecdote(趣闻 also produced a number 趣闻) 趣闻 of painters who examined the mechanism of light and visual perception.
以下三个题目供大家参考练习, 以下三个题目供大家参考练习,要求在最短的时间内 找出句子的主干: 找出句子的主干: 1.Any company larger than 300 workers that fails to meet the minimum hiring standard must pay a penalty(处罚 of 50000 Yen for each of the unfilled 处罚) 处罚 positions. 2.Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 3.The period characterized by so vast a body of elaborately representational art produced for the sake of illustrating anecdote(趣闻 also produced a number 趣闻) 趣闻 of painters who examined the mechanism of light and visual perception.
division 分译法
Division of Words – noun
At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
现在,人们都倾向于采取一种不偏不倚的 态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。
因此汉英互译时不可亦步亦趋而必须根据英汉各自语言的特点灵活处division所谓切分就是指根据汉语的句法特点把英语的句子分解成两个或两个以上的单位以求译文在正确传达原文的思想内容的前提下明白晓畅
翻译方法 III:切分 Division
Division
英语的句子修饰语多且长,句子结构 复杂,特别是长句,宛如“参天大树,枝叶 横生”;而汉语句子的修饰语少且短,句子 结构呈直线型发展,宛如“万顷碧波,层层 推进”。因此,汉英互译时不可亦步亦趋, 而必须根据英汉各自语言的特点,灵活处 理。
Illogically, she hopes to pass the exam without learning hard. 她希望不用好好学就可以通过考试,这是 不合逻辑的。
Division of Words – adverb
We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.
Division of Words – adjective
And that was where many of his other customers had gone, and stayed, so that his own poor living was cut in impossible half. 别的许多老主顾也往那儿跑,而且成了常 客。于是,他那可怜巴巴的生计就给打了 折扣,叫人受不了。
实用英语翻译8 Division
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry(知识探 索 ) which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(努力, 活动) in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(冷静的) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 句子的主干:Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry: “社会科学是知识探索的一个分支” 定语从句:which后面是一个定语从句,其先行词是social science: “它试图研究人类及其行为” 定语从句:that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句,其先行词是manner。 “自然科学 家用来研究自然现象那样同样的方式” 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它试图像自然科学家用来 研究自然现象那样,以理性的,有序的,系统的和冷静的方 式来研究人类及其行为。
副词
She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她可以谅解地为自己高超的烹调技艺感到自豪。 她自夸她高超的烹调技艺,这是情有可原的。
They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他们没有答复,这完全是意料之中的事。
He is having an identifiable (可辨认的;可识别的) trouble with his teeth. 他正患牙病,这是大家都看得出来的。 We recognize and share China’s resolve (决心) to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony (霸权). 我们认识到中国决心抵抗任何国家寻求建立全球霸权 或地区霸权的企图,我们也有这样的决心。
考研英语长句翻译的方法
考研英语长句翻译的方法考研英语长句翻译的方法考研翻译基础--长句的译法长句的翻译实际上是多种翻译方法的综合应用,在翻译时,考生首先要弄清原文结构,找出中心思想及各层意思,分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系,再按照汉语特点和表达方式正确译出,不拘泥于原文的形式。
常用的方法有顺序法、逆序法、分译法、综合法等。
例1:The Committee prepared this paper because its members recognized that the government has failed to establish an energy policy capable of providing a comprehensive energy source that can meet our requirements for the last portion of this century and the greater portion of the next.简析:如时间或逻辑顺序与中文表达一致,可采用顺译法。
这句话有四个句子组成,一个从属一个,为一种纵向关系,所以顺序译法。
第3句由于capable引导的词组较长,中间还有动名词providing作为定语,置于所修饰的名词policy之后,译的时候为紧凑可置于policy之前。
译文:该委员会制订这份文件,是因为该委员会的成员看到政府已不能制订一个能够提供全面,以满足我们在本世纪和下大半世纪的需要。
例2:Primary colors are colors in terms of which all other colors may be described, or from which all other colors may be evolved by mixture.简析:若原文的次序与汉语表达习惯不同,或完全相反,汉译时可采用逆译法。
在英语中,名词、代词、形容词或动名词作定语时一般放在所修饰名词前面;从句和各种短语作定语时则放在所修饰的名词之后。
division用法
division用法
division是英语中的一个词,意为“分割、划分、部门、分配等”。
在不同的场合中,division也有着不同的用法。
1. division作为名词,表示“分割、划分、部门、分配等”意思。
例如:Our company has four divisions. (我们公司有四个部门。
)
2. division作为动词,表示“分割、划分、划分等”意思。
例如:The land is divided into several parts. (这片土地被分成了几个部分。
)
3. division还可以作为数学中的术语,表示“除法、商等”意思。
例如:The division of 10 by 2 results in 5. (10除以2得到5。
)
4. division还有一些特殊用法,比如在军事、体育比赛等中,用division表示“分组、分级”。
例如:The teams were divided into two divisions. (队伍被分成了两个组。
)
总之,division这个词可以用于多种不同的场合,需要根据具体的语境来理解其意义。
- 1 -。
长句翻译拆译法
一、 Division (拆译法) 拆译法又叫分句法,即把原文中某个单词、或 短语、或单句译成一个或两个句子。 中英文语法结构不同,英文可随时插入定语, 对名词作进一步的阐述;插入状语,对谓语动 词加以修饰和限制,逐渐形成结构复杂、逻辑 严密的长句。 中文句子多简短,有主次先后,逐点交代,层 层铺开。语言结构的不同致使英文长句汉译有 一定的难度。
He poured into his writing all the pain of his life and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited world rise up. 这个句子中主干为主谓宾结构: He poured…all the pain…and the conviction…状语、定语、宾语都很清楚,状 语由介词into引出,两个宾语由and 连接, 第 一个宾语由一个of 引导的介词短语修饰, 而第 二个宾语则由定语和that引导的同位语修饰, 同位语中又有一个以关系副词引导的状语从 句。
分析:首先,由名词化动名词构成的名词结构 The placing of ….into …担任主语,这个结构 本身比较长,又带有介词短语with automatic transfer of workpieces from machine to machine担任的后置定语,就更长了。其次, 句子的翻译要处理好长主语。我们发现,要把 这个长主语译成一般形式的“的字短语”并仍 做主语是不可能的。实际上,根据汉语的表达 习惯,这里的名词结构本来就应该转用一个 “把字句”表述成“把若干台自动机床排列成 密集的
英语长句的翻译
英语长句翻译的步骤1“六步法”1 紧缩主干(捋出主句主语、谓语及宾语)。
2 区分主从(析出从句并捋出从句的主语、谓语及宾语以及修饰关系)。
3 辨析词义(特别是主干中的词义)。
4 分清层次(推断句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心)。
5 调整搭配(特别是主谓及动宾搭配,调整语序)。
6 润饰词语(选词、炼句并考虑文体的适应性)。
2英语长句的翻译方法英语长句汉译时,一般可采用以下几种方法:包孕法、切断法、拆译法、倒置法、插入法和重组法。
(1)包孕包孕就是指将英语后置修饰成分(包括各种词组或从句)在汉译时放在中心词(即被修饰成分)之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。
修饰词前置是汉语的正常语序。
因此,只要修饰成分不要过长,汉译后没有拖沓之嫌,我们可以尽量译成前置包孕,这样可以使句义十分紧凑,结构上整体感强。
但是,运用包孕法翻译时要特别注意包孕部分不宜过长,成分不宜过于复杂。
一般来说,汉语前置修饰语不宜超过25~30字。
Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it,the amount and sources of funds,membership,and names and salaries of their representatives.国会已制定法律,要求大部分压力集团呈报他们花费了多少钱、怎样花的。
款项的总额以及来源、成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况。
The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its function.大会得设立其认为于行使职务所必需之辅助机关。
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四十年来,武汉杂技在继承了传统杂技的基础上,大胆吸收其 他姊妹艺术之长,运用多种艺术手段将布景、灯光、服装、道 具、美术为一体,使杂技表演成为综合性的表演艺术。
For 40 years, based on traditional acrobatics technique, Wuhan acrobatics has absorbed bravely the strong points of other sister arts and mixed together scenery, lighting, costume and fine arts, by using all kinds of artistic methods so that the acrobatic performance becomes a comprehensive art of performance.
Division (长句 的处理)
Division, as a translation technique, means the necessary splitting of a long sentence into shorter ones. To split a sentence at will is definitely a mistake in translation, for this is bound to mar the style, or even the meaning of the original. But that does not mean “splitting the sentence” is absolutely impermissible. On the principle of “subordinating the part to the whole”, a translator may, through a careful analysis of the context, split a long and involved sentence properly in translation, so as to convey faithfully the thought of the original in a readable way.
4. 长句内若含有对立句,英译时则可分译。这里所谓的对立句是指 汉语长句里,前一部分说明一方面的情况,后一部分说明另一方面 的情况。 1)与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大,一致发生了争吵,一时 会场的气氛紧张起来。 The opinion of the attendants were far from unanimous about this issue so that none of them began to quarrel with each other. The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment. 2)本世纪上半叶的上海曾经是中国工业、贸易、金融和商业的中心, 有着远东大都会浪漫而传奇的历史,吸引过不少外来资本,因而一 度成为“冒险家的乐园”。 In the first half of this century, Shanghai served as the industrial, trade, financial and commercial center of the country. It attracted many foreign investors as a mysterious oriental city and an adventurers’ paradise.
2)一个人在屋里坐着,也没有什么事干,挺烦闷的,不如到 外边走一走,也可欣赏一下周围的景色。 It’s boring to sit alone in the room with nothing to do. I’d like to go out for a walk when I can enjoy the sights around.
汉语长句是指字数较多、结构繁复、语义呈多层次、 多梯级的句子。汉语的长句从内部结构上看,可分为 两种:一种是句子成分比较多,而且有的成分被部比 较复杂,这种句子内容比较丰富,陈述比较细致;另 一种是复句或多重复句,这种句子可以把事物间的逻 辑关系表达出来,从而把教复杂事物之间的关系与联 系交代的很清楚、明确。 在把汉语的长句翻译成英语时,一般尊重以下原则: 1,原序翻译 2。分译 3。变序翻译
2)
7. 汉语长句若前后说明的非同一情况,英译时也常常断句。 1) 本人遗失皮夹一只,内有工作证等重要证件,如有拾得者归 还于我,定有重谢。 I have lost my wallet, containing my I. D. card and other important papers. Should anyone find it and return it to me, he will receive a handsome reward.
2。 上海针织公司有37个企业组成,生产规模大,切拥有众多的名 牌产品,公司每年的销售额高达13亿元人民币。
Shanghai knitting corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale, and with several well-known local brands, it has annual scales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.
6. 长句若含有多层意思时,则往往分译,使关系更加清晰,更符合 英语表达习惯。 1)耳朵是用来听声音的器官,鼻子是用来嗅气味,舌头用来尝滋 味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for tasting.
(一)原序翻译 原序翻译是指汉译英时,按照汉语原来的顺序将原文翻译成英语, 而且原文是一个长句,译文也保持长句的形式。原句翻译的基础是, 中国人和英美等西方人在思维方式上存在共性。
1。请你方考虑,今后货物一经定货,就不可撤消,我们认为,这 样才有助于更好的合作。 We should like to have your consideration that, in the future, orders once placed not to be cancelled afterwards, which we think, will be conductive to better cooperation.
2) 以农民为例,他们更乐于使用科学种田法,由于种植杂交水稻的 面积增加,单位面积的产量也增加了。
Take the peasants for example. They are now more eager to use the scientific methods for farming. The amount of land devoted to hybrid rice has risen so that the per-mu yield has gone up considerately.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
5。长句内含有阐述句,英译时往往要分译。 提出问题,首先就要对于问题即矛盾两个基本方面加以大量的调 查和研究,才能懂得矛盾的性质是什么,这就是发现问题的过程。
To pose the problem, you must first make a preliminary investigation and study of the two aspects of the problem of contradiction before you can understand the nature of the contradiction. This is the process of discovering the problem.
(二)分译
1。 含有疑问句、感叹句或反诘句时要分译
1) 延安虽然还没有战争,但军队天天在前方打仗,后方 也唤工作忙,文章太长,有谁来看?
Although there is as yet no fights here in Yen’an, our troops at the front are daily engaged in battle, and the people in the rear are busy at work. If articles are too long, who will read them.
2) 很明显,他反对这一提议,不然的话,他为什么一直沉 默不语?
It is clear that he is opposed to the proposal. If not, why did he keep silent?
2. 汉语的分句若含有打比方句,英译时往往要分译。 1) 拿我们这些人来说,很多人每年都会有一些进步。 Take for example those of us present here. Many of us make some progress each year.
(三)变序译法
所谓变序翻译就是按照译语的表达习惯重新组织和排列句子的语序。 变序翻译的根据是汉英两个民族在思维方式上有差异,在语言表达 方式上有区别,比如汉语构句重逻辑顺序,在时间上重顺序,在逻 辑上重前因后果关系,而英语构句则既可按顺序排列句内语义成分, 也可逆序排列句内语义成分。因此在英译汉语长句时,几乎不可能 完全保留原文语序,大多数情况下必须调整语序,以符合英语的表 达习惯。
3.长句内若有概括句,英译时可分译.即要分清概括与分述,有的 概括在前,有的在后。 1)总之,微波只能以直线的方式传播,没有一系列的传播塔, 它们就不能越过漫长的距离,把消息传到遥远的地方。 In short, microwaves can only travel in a straight line. Without a series of relay towers, it is impossible for them to send massages over long distances to remote places. 2)灾难深重的中华民族,一百多年来,其优秀人物奋斗牺牲,前赴 后继,摸索救国救民的真理,是可歌可泣的。 For a hundred years, the finest sons and daughters of disasterridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the breach and another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people. This moved us to tears.