Lesson1英语中的时态TensesinEnglish
英语语法时态单元测试
英语语法时态单元测试IntroductionIn this unit test, we will assess your understanding of English grammar in relation to tenses. The test consists of various exercises that require you to use the appropriate tense in each sentence. Read each question carefully and provide the correct tense form of the verb or verbs in brackets. Avoid using any contractions and pay close attention to verb conjugation. Good luck!Exercise 1: Simple Present, Present Continuous, and Present Perfect Tenses1. Rita (to eat) dinner every evening at 7 pm.2. Right now, Tom (to study) for his exam.3. I (to visit) my grandparents last weekend.4. Sarah usually (to walk) to work, but today she (to ride) her bike.5. By the time they arrive, we (to cook) dinner.Exercise 2: Simple Past, Past Continuous, and Past Perfect Tenses1. Last night, we (to watch) a movie at the cinema.2. Maria (to work) at the company for five years before she resigned.3. While I (to clean) the house, my sister (to prepare) dinner.4. When the alarm (to ring), I (to already wake) up.5. They (to go) to the beach after it (to stop) raining.Exercise 3: Future Simple, Future Continuous, and Future Perfect Tenses1. Tomorrow, we (to have) a meeting at 9 am.2. At this time next week, I (to lie) on the beach in Hawaii.3. By the time you arrive, I (to finish) all the preparations.4. Next month, they (to celebrate) their tenth wedding anniversary.5. Our flight (to depart) at 6 pm, so we need to be at the airport by 4 pm.Exercise 4: Mixed Tenses Review1. She (to learn) French when she (to live) in Paris.2. By the time they arrived, the party (to start) already.3. Mark (to play) the piano while his parents (to cook) dinner.4. We (to go) on a road trip next week. I (to pack) my bags already.5. I (to talk) to him yesterday, and he (to seem) happy.ConclusionCongratulations! You have completed the English grammar tense unit test. Make sure to review your answers to assess your understanding of the different tenses. Understanding and correctly using tenses in English is crucial for effective communication. Keep practicing and you will soon master this aspect of the English language.Note: This article follows the format of a unit test and does not contain any irrelevant information or external links.。
Lesson1英语中的时态TensesinEnglish
Lesson 1 英语中的时态Tenses in English时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
下面着重讲解英语考试中经常出现的几种时态的用法。
1. 一般现在时的用法用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
例如:If it ______ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.A) isn't B) wasn't C) weren't D) hadn't been本句是日常生活中常用的口语。
I'd是I would的缩写,表示一种委婉语气。
全句的意思是:“要是不太麻烦的话,我想要一杯茶”。
答案是A)。
很多考生误选了C) weren't。
if it weren't是虚拟语气现在时,表示与现在事实相反的情况。
本句说话人认为要一杯茶并不是很麻烦的事,只是说的委婉一些,因此不应该用虚拟语气。
选项B) wasn't 或D) hadn't been都和主句发生的时间不符,所以是错误的。
B) 习惯用语例如:_________ it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.A) Believe B) Believing C) To believe D) Believed口语中常说believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我说的是真的”。
believe it or not是一个固定说法,相当一个插入语,短语中的believe没有词形变化。
因此答案是A) Believe。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
小升初语法复习英语时态概述Tenses(课件)通用版英语
例子
Play→plays leave→leaves swim→swims
pass →passes fix→fixes teach→teaches wish→wishes do→does
study→studies carry→carries fly→flies
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时 态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在 其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数, 则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三 人称单数,则用does提问,同时, 还原行为动词。
现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说 话时正在进行的动作及行 为。 2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, look. listen 等时间状语做标志。
3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句:把be动词 放于句首。
构成规则
例子
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清 look→looked
辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读 play→played
/d/;在/t/,/d/后读/id/。
work→worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like→liked live→lived hope→hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音 plan→planned 节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped
英语时态 tenses
Tenses从定义、构成、时间状语及用法实例四个方面来学习每一种时态。
1.一般现在时:定义:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
构成:is/am/are, do/does时状:often / always / sometimes / usually / occasionally every morning实例:Children usually pick up foreign languages very quickly.Every day she is the last to leave the office.2.现在进行时:定义:现在正在进行或发生的动作,或是当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作,或是表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。
构成:is/am/are + 动词现在分词时状:now / at the moment/at present …实例:She is feeding the baby right now.I am coming.They are working these days.3.现在完成时:定义:表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系(动作和状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在),或是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在甚至将来。
构成:: has/have + 动词过去分词时状:for ten years / since five years ago / since they got married / so far / in the past few days / in the last3 years / in recent years …实例:So far, nothing has been done to stop polluting the river.Things have changed in recent weeks.Mum has been ill for several days.4.现在完成进行时:定义:1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
高中英语Lesson 1 时态和语态
I had hoped that I could do the job.
我曾希望我能做好这份工作。
6.一般将来时
一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2018等表示 将来的时间状语连用。 Beijing will host the 47th Olympic Games in 2018.
一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)
考点三
在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时; 常用的引导词有: 时间: when (...的时候),until(直到...), after(在...之后),before(在...之 前),as soon as(一....) once(一旦/曾经), the moment/the minute(...的时刻/ 分钟), the day...那天); 条件: if(如果), unless(除非), provided(假若). If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 如果他肯做那个工作,他很快就能赚到很多钱。
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
考点四
在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来....时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days; over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等
lesson one 时态、语态
语法对点讲练一时态、语态一、现在时态1.一般现在时①表示经常性的或习惯性的动作、状态、性能等。
时间状语:always, seldom, often, sometimes, every day, once a weekI always go to bed at ten.②表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。
The earth moves around the sun.It is saying that Rome is not built in a day(冰冻三尺非一日之寒)Pride goes before fall(骄者必败)③在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时,主句多用一般将来时。
It will be a long time before we meet again.(时间状语从句,meet这个动作本应该发生在将来,应该用将来时)If you have to go out in such a bed day, you would better take an umbrella with you.(让步状语从句)④表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。
According to the timetable, the train leaves at 9:00 in the morning.2.现在进行时(be doing sth)①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
The top leaders of the countries are holding talk in a friendly atmosphere.(固定搭配in a +形容词+atmosphere)(两个国家领导人正在进行友好的谈话)②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。
Mr. Green is writing a novel (小说) about love.③与always, constantly, frequently, continually, forever, all the time等连用,表示赞叹、赞扬、厌恶、不满等情感。
新概念英语第一册:时态
新概念英语第一册:时态【篇一】一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago...含有be动词的句子,将be动词变为过去式。
am, is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were:I was at the butcher's.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butcher's?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?★变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butcher's.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. / No, I was not.Yes, you were. / No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.★特殊疑问句What did you do?(必背)不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式:I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.Yes, they did. / No, they did not.【篇二】现在完成时构成:主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法:1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。
将来时和过去时的英语作文六年级
将来时和过去时的英语作文六年级**Title: Exploring Tenses in English for Grade 6 Students: Past and Future**In the world of English grammar, tenses are crucial for expressing ideas and thoughts effectively. For sixth-grade students, understanding and mastering the basics of past and future tenses are fundamental skills that help them communicate more confidently. Let's embark on a journey to explore these two tenses and understand their applications in daily life.**Past Tense: Reliving the Past**The past tense is used to describe actions or events that have already occurred. It helps us recall memories, share experiences, and talk about things that happened in the past.**Example:** "Yesterday, I went to the park with my friends. We played soccer and had a picnic."In this example, the actions of "going to the park," "playing soccer," and "having a picnic" all occurred in the past, so the past tense is used.Common past tense verbs include: "went," "played," "ate," "saw," "did," etc.When forming the past tense of regular verbs, we usually add "-ed" or "-d" to the end of the verb. For example: "play" becomes "played" and "watch" becomes "watched."**Future Tense: Dreaming of the Future**The future tense, on the other hand, is used to talk about actions or events that will happen in the future. It allows us to express plans, predictions, and hopes for the future.**Example:** "Next week, I will visit my grandparents.I am excited to see them."In this example, the action of "visiting my grandparents" will happen in the future, so the future tense is used.Common future tense verbs include: "will go," "will be," "will do," "will have," etc.To form the future tense of regular verbs, we use "will" followed by the base form of the verb. For example: "go" becomes "will go" and "be" becomes "will be."**Conclusion**Understanding and practicing the past and future tenses are crucial for sixth-grade students as they help them communicate more effectively about their experiences and plans. With practice and exposure, students can confidently use these tenses in their daily conversations and writing. Remember, every journey begins with a single step, so start exploring the world of English tenses today!**六年级学生的英语时态探索:过去与未来**在英语语法的世界中,时态是表达思想和想法的重要工具。
新概念第一册英语时态总结
I could have called you yesterday, A but I ____ your telephone number.(2001A) A.didn’t have B. won’t have C.hadn’t had D. wouldn’t have
I (write) am writing a book at the _________ moment. I don’t like to sit beside him, for he D _____ me silly愚蠢的 questions. A.asks B. always asked C. has asked D. is always asking
一般现在时
经常发生或反复发生的动作 She visits her parents every day. He smokes a lot. 常与表习惯的副词 always, every time, now and then(偶尔), occasionally(偶 尔), often, seldom(极少), sometimes, usually等连用。
表示将来发生的动作或状态,常与表示 将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday I shall/will graduate next year. He will be back in a few days.
be going to +v在口语中广泛使用 你明天打算干什么? What are you going to do tomorrow?
现在的情况或状态 I know you are busy. He lives in a small town. 永恒的真理 The moon goes round the earth. Summer follows spring.
《新概念英语》第一册就讲了这么几种时态
《新概念英语》第一册就讲了这么几种时态英语的时态是语法学习中的重头戏,也是内容最多的难点,可以说是老师不乐意教、学生不愿意学的硬骨头。
但骨头再硬,终归是要去啃的。
要学好《新概念英语》,也终归避不开语法的学习,也就终究避不开时态的学习了。
英语动词的时态总共有16种,是由动作发生的时间(动词的时,即tense:location in time)和动词采用的不同形式(动词的体,即aspect:a single block of time, continuous flow of time, or repetitive occurrence)来决定的:为了便于大家教与学,小编现对第一册的课文进行了汇总分析,发现第一册里总共就讲了七种时态(其中,一般将来时分了两种情况,即be going to和will/shall),这些时态在书中依次出现的顺序是:现在进行时、一般将来时(be going to)、一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时(will/shall)、过去进行时、过去完成时。
下表汇总了这些时态在教材中所覆盖的课文及其简单说明,以便大家在教与学中,更好地前后连贯起来:当然,英语动词的时态是无处不在的,上表只是反映了第一册里直接讲练时态的课文,在实际的教与学中,对于这些课文的学习,其语法重点需要放在这些时态上。
当然,一篇课文的学习不仅仅也不应该仅限于语法的学习;每一篇课文都有其语用学习目的。
比如说,同样是有关一般过去时的语法学习,从语用角度来看,第67和68课偏重的是如何描述过去的时间,而第73和74课偏重的是如何问路及其回答。
再比如说,同样是有关一般现在时的语法学习,第47和48课偏重的是个人喜好的表达,而第51和52课偏重的是天气和气候的表达。
本文跟大家分享的是第一册里出现的各种时态,但在实际的教与学中,会有各种方法去处理时态,接下来小编会跟大家做更多这方面的分享,敬请关注。
lecture 1 Tense
◆ present perfective and present perfective progressive (现在完成时和现在完成进行时) 1. Present perfective “已完成” 和“未完成” Eg: He’s turned off the light. He’s lived here since 1960. 两种用法的主要区别:“已完成”通常不与表示一段时间的状 语 连用,而“未完成”通常要与表示一段时间的状语连用。 2. present perfective progressive 与现在完成时的“未完成”用法相仿 Eg: I have been writing letters for an hour. We’ve been living here for ten years./ We’ve lived here for ten years.
D. was to travel
◆ Simple past & Past progressive (一般过去和过去进行) 1. She read a novel yesterday. (已读完) She was reading a novel yesterday. (未读完) 2.My brother_____(fall) while he_____(ride) his bicycle and _____(hurt) himself. 3.It ______( rain) when they ______(leave) the station. 4.When I ______(get) to the top of the mountain, the sun ______(shine). 5.When she came, I was cooking. When she came, I cooked.
初中英语8个时态 定义,标志词,结构
初中英语8个时态定义,标志词,结构全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1The 8 tenses in English grammar are simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous. Each tense has its own definition, key words, and structure that indicate the time of the action.1. Simple Present Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about routines, habits, general truths, and universal facts.Key words: always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, never, etc.Structure: Subject + base verb (s/es for third person singular)2. Present Continuous Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking or around the present time.Key words: at the moment, now, currently, right now, etc.Structure: Subject + be (am/is/are) + base verb + -ing form3. Simple Past Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about actions that happened in the past and are completed.Key words: yesterday, ago, last night, in 1990, etc.Structure: Subject + past form of the verb4. Past Continuous Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about actions that were in progress at a specific time in the past.Key words: while, when, as, at 10 o'clock, etc.Structure: Subject + was/were + base verb + -ing form5. Present Perfect Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past or actions that have a connection to the present.Key words: already, yet, ever, never, before, etc.Structure: Subject + have/has + past participle6. Present Perfect Continuous Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing in the present.Key words: for, since, how long, still, etc.Structure: Subject + have/has been + base verb + -ing form7. Past Perfect Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about actions that were completed before a certain point in the past.Key words: before, after, by the time, until, already, etc.Structure: Subject + had + past participle8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:Definition: It is used to talk about actions that started in the past, continued for some time, and were then completed before another action took place.Key words: for, since, how long, until, etc.Structure: Subject + had been + base verb + -ing formIn conclusion, understanding the 8 tenses in English grammar is essential to communicate effectively in the language. By knowing the definitions, key words, and structures of each tense, learners can properly convey the time of actions in theirspeech and writing. Practice using these tenses in different contexts to become proficient in using them accurately.篇2The English language has a variety of tenses to convey different time frames and aspects of actions. In this article, we will focus on the eight main tenses that are commonly taught in middle school English classes. Each tense has its own unique definition, specific marker words, and structure that help speakers and writers convey accurate information about when an action takes place.1. Present Simple TenseDefinition: The present simple tense is used to talk about general truths, habits, and routines.Marker Words: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day, every week, etc.Structure: Subject + base form of the verb (+s/es for third person singular)Example: She plays the piano every day.2. Present Continuous TenseDefinition: The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions happening now or around the present time.Marker Words: now, currently, at the momentStructure: Subject + am/is/are + present participle (-ing form of the verb)Example: They are watching a movie right now.3. Present Perfect TenseDefinition: The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that happened at an indefinite time in the past or actions that have just been completed.Marker Words: already, yet, just, ever, never, recentlyStructure: Subject + have/has + past participleExample: I have already finished my homework.4. Present Perfect Continuous TenseDefinition: The present perfect continuous tense is used to talk about ongoing actions that started in the past and continue into the present.Marker Words: for, sinceStructure: Subject + have/has been + present participleExample: She has been studying English for two hours.5. Past Simple TenseDefinition: The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.Marker Words: yesterday, last week, ago, in 1999, when I was a childStructure: Subject + past form of the verbExample: He watched a movie last night.6. Past Continuous TenseDefinition: The past continuous tense is used to talk about actions that were in progress at a specific time in the past.Marker Words: while, when, asStructure: Subject + was/were + present participleExample: They were playing football when it started raining.7. Past Perfect TenseDefinition: The past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed before a specific point in the past.Marker Words: before, after, by the timeStructure: Subject + had + past participleExample: She had finished her work before the meeting started.8. Future Simple TenseDefinition: The future simple tense is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future.Marker Words: tomorrow, next week, in three days' time, soonStructure: Subject + will + base form of the verbExample: We will go to the beach next weekend.These eight main tenses provide a framework for understanding and communicating about different time frames in English. By learning the definitions, marker words, and structures of each tense, students can effectively express themselves in both spoken and written English. Practice and repetition are key to mastering the nuances of each tense and using them correctly in various contexts.篇3The English language has a variety of tenses to indicate when an action is happening or has happened. In total, there are12 tenses in English: 4 simple tenses, 4 continuous tenses, 2 perfect tenses, and 2 perfect continuous tenses. In this article, we will focus on the 8 basic tenses commonly taught in middle school English classes.1. Present SimpleDefinition: Used to talk about regular actions or facts.Signaling words: usually, always, often, sometimes, every day, never, rarely, seldom.Structure: Subject + verb in base form.Example: She eats breakfast every morning.2. Present ContinuousDefinition: Used to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking or around the current period.Signaling words: now, at the moment, right now, currently.Structure: Subject + to be (am/is/are) + verb + -ing.Example: He is playing video games right now.3. Present PerfectDefinition: Used to talk about past actions that have a connection to the present.Signaling words: already, just, yet, ever, never, before, recently.Structure: Subject + have/has + past participle.Example: I have visited Paris.4. Present Perfect ContinuousDefinition: Used to talk about actions that started in the past and are still ongoing or have just finished.Signaling words: for, since.Structure: Subject + have/has been + verb + -ing.Example: She has been working all day.5. Past SimpleDefinition: Used to talk about completed actions in the past.Signaling words: yesterday, last night, last week, ago, in 1999.Structure: Subject + regular verb in past form.Example: They went to the movies last night.6. Past ContinuousDefinition: Used to talk about actions happening in the past at a specific time or period.Signaling words: while, when, as, at.Structure: Subject + was/were + verb + -ing.Example: They were watching TV when the phone rang.7. Past PerfectDefinition: Used to talk about actions that were completed before another past action took place.Signaling words: already, just, before.Structure: Subject + had + past participle.Example: When I arrived, she had already left.8. Future SimpleDefinition: Used to talk about actions or events that will happen in the future.Signaling words: tomorrow, next week, in a year, soon, later.Structure: Subject + will + verb in base form.Example: They will go on vacation next month.These 8 basic tenses form the foundation of English grammar and are essential for communicating effectively in the language. By understanding their definitions, signaling words, and structures, students can improve their language skills and express themselves more accurately in both spoken and written English.。
专业外教讲解英文时态(TENSES)双语版
English for five hours by four o'clock this afternoon.
We
will have been
studying
English for five hours by four o'clock this afternoon.
You
will have been
the report by three o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
They
will have
finished
the report by three o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
Future Perfect Continuous
I
will have been
She
had
eaten
lunch before you came home yesterday.
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lunch before you came home yesterday.
We
had
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lunch before you came home yesterday.
You
had
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Past Simple
I
-
went
to the store yesterday.
You
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to the store yesterday.
He
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to the store yesterday.
She
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新概念英语第一册:时态
【导语】新概念⼀共144课,其中单课为课⽂,双课为语法和练习。
整本书是以单数课为正课,并附带有插图⽽双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进⾏练习,展现出整个新概念⼀教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。
为您整理了以下内容,仅供参考。
希望可以帮助到您!如果您想要了解更多相关内容,欢迎关注!【篇⼀】⼀般过去时 表⽰过去发⽣的动作或事件,常和表⽰过去的时间状语连⽤,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago... 含有be动词的句⼦,将be动词变为过去式。
am, is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were: I was at the butcher's. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. ★变疑问句将be动词移动到句⾸ Were you at the butcher's? Were you a student a year ago? Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? ★变否定句在be动词后⾯加not I was not at the butcher's. You were not a student a year ago. The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. ★肯定回答否定回答 Yes, I was. / No, I was not. Yes, you were. / No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not. ★特殊疑问句 What did you do?(必背) 不含有be动词的句⼦,将动词变为过去式: I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant. The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. ★变疑问句在句⾸加did,动词变为原型 Did you finish your homework yesterday? Did the boy go to a restaurant? Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago? ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not I did not finish my homework yesterday. The boy did not go to a restaurant. The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. Yes, they did. / No, they did not.【篇⼆】现在完成时 构成:主语+助动词have, has+过去分词 ⽤法: 1) 表⽰过去发⽣的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连⽤。
新概念第一册时态总结
新概念英语第一册语法总结——时态时态:一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,一般过去时/ 现在完成时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时:表示一般性,常常性的动作或一般性事实。
* 含有be动词的句子(He is a teacher.; The girl is very beautiful. ;Tim and Jack are students.)★变疑问句将be动词移到句首(Is he a teacher?; Is the girl very beautiful?; Are Tim and Jack students?)★变否认句在be动词后面加not (He is not a teacher.;The girl is not very thin.;Tim and Jack are not students.)★肯定答复及否认答复(Yes he is. No he is not.Yes she is. No she is not.Yes they are. No they are not.)* 不含be有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词(He likes books.;She likes him. ;The dog likes bones.)★变疑问句在句首加does 动词变为原型(Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?)★变否认句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t 动词变为原型(He doesn’t like books. She doesn’t like him. The dog doesn’t like bones.)★肯定答复及否认答复Yes he does. No he doesn’t. Yes she does. No she doesn’t. Yes it does. No it doesn’t.〔注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆〕其他人称及复数茗词I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.★变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath? Do we have any meat? Do the students like smart teachers?★变否认句在主语和动词之间加don’t.You don’t want to have a bath. We don’t have any meat. The students don’t like smart teachers.★肯定答复及否认答复Yes I do. No I don’t. Yes we do. No we don’t. Yes they do. No they don’t.2. 现在进行时,表示现在正在进行的动作。
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Lesson 1 英语中的时态Tenses in English时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
下面着重讲解英语考试中经常出现的几种时态的用法。
1. 一般现在时的用法用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
例如:If it ______ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.A) isn't B) wasn't C) weren't D) hadn't been本句是日常生活中常用的口语。
I'd是I would的缩写,表示一种委婉语气。
全句的意思是:“要是不太麻烦的话,我想要一杯茶”。
答案是A)。
很多考生误选了C) weren't。
if it weren't是虚拟语气现在时,表示与现在事实相反的情况。
本句说话人认为要一杯茶并不是很麻烦的事,只是说的委婉一些,因此不应该用虚拟语气。
选项B) wasn't 或D) hadn't been都和主句发生的时间不符,所以是错误的。
B) 习惯用语例如:_________ it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.A) Believe B) Believing C) To believe D) Believed口语中常说believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我说的是真的”。
believe it or not是一个固定说法,相当一个插入语,短语中的believe没有词形变化。
因此答案是A) Believe。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例如:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。
)D) 客观事实和普遍真理。
尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。
例如:Once environmental damage __________, it takes many years for the system to recover. A) has done B) is to do C) does D) is done本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。
”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage 的意思是“造成破坏”。
主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。
所以本题答案是D) is done。
其它选项都是主动语态,所以都是错误的。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。
常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o‘clock this afternoon. (下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
)F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。
例如:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
)2. 现在进行时(be doing) 的用法例如:The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now.A) developed B) have developedC) are being developed D) will have been developed题中develop 和perfect是并列的两各位与动词,动词perfect只能做及物动词用,因此在本句中应为被动语态,与之并列作谓语的动词develop也应是被动语态。
此外,句中时间状语now表示谓语应是现在正在进行的动作。
由此可见,答案是C) are being developed。
全句的意思是:"具有人工智能的第五代计算机目前正在开发和完善之中"。
3. 现在完成时(have done)用法:A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成例如:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sellB) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。
此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例如:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge C) have been challengedB) may be challenged D) are challenging全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。
”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。
可见答案是C) have been challenged。
A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。
B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。
C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。
通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例如:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。
)4. 一般过去时用法:A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例如:I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______.A) finish what I did B) finished what I didC) would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing结合四个选项来看,全句的意思是:“我决定一做完手头的工作就去图书馆”。
本题首先要判断的是as soon as(一……就)引出的时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态。
从句中的动作“做完手头的工作”是预计将要发生的动作,而去句的谓语动词用的是过去时(decided)。
在这种场合,从句中通常用一般过去时,而不用过去将来时。
所以选项A和C不可能是答案。
句子指的是“完成正在做的工作”,do要用进行式。
因此选D。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。
特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。
例如:He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。
)C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例如:Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)注意事项:A) 注意时间状语的搭配。
一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。
以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。
前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。
5. 过去完成时(had done)用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。
就是我们常说的:表示“过去的过去的动作或状态”。
例如:Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A) didn‘t hear C) hasn’t heardB) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。
”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。
答案是D)。
其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。
B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。
C) hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。
而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。
注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例如:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。
)分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时6. 过去将来时(would/ should do)用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。