武汉大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
翻译硕士考试MIT《翻译硕士英语》样题及参考答案
翻译硕士考试MIT《翻译硕士英语》样题及参考答案翻译硕士考试《翻译硕士英语》样题I. V ocabulary and grammar (30')Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C. andD. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet1. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to ________ against the local authorities' decision to build a highway across the field.A. contradictB. reformC. counterD. protest2. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a ________.A. minorityB. scarcityC. rarityD. minimum3. Professor Johnson's retirement ________ from next January.A. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect4. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.A. financeB. expandC. enlargeD. budget5. The heat in summer is no less ________ here in this mountain region.A. concentratedB. extensiveC. intenseD. intensive6. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied7. Mr. Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ________.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out8. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer's ________ rather than the company's.A. benefitB. availabilityC. suitabilityD. convenience9. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he enteredthe church.A. markB. signalC. signD. gesture10. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightlyB. sparselyC. hardlyD. rarely11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were12. With some men dressing down and some other men flaunting their looks, it is really hard to tell they are gay or ________.A. straightB. homosexualC. beautifulD. sad13. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to14. James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ untilyesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came15. ________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be.16. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install ________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of17. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion whenI ________ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make18. I know he failed his last test, but really he's ________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but19. Do you know Tim's brother? He is ________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman20. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it's high time we ________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed… takeB. had betrayed… tookC. has betrayed… tookD. has betrayed… takeII. Reading comprehension (40')Section 1 Multiple choice (20')Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. Passage A The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe's regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country's three million people. The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most ofthe people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club - Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales - a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers wereproportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe - only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. T o familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation's symbol sincethe time of King Arthur, is everywhere - on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales's annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can't do anything, we're only Welsh. Now I think that's changing.”1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nationsB. reduce legislative powers of EnglandC. create a better state of equality among the nationsD. grant more say to all the nations in the union2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separatistB. conventionalC. feudalD. political3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people's desire for devolutionB. locals' turnout for the votingC. powers of the legislative bodyD. status of the national language4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welshnational identity?A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people's mentalityB. pop cultureC. town's appearanceD. possibilities for the peoplePassage BThe miserable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It's the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security - even comfort - for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days- lack of food, warmth, shelter - would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U. S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility - in some cases the promise - of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person's stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I'm on my own. Now it became, ultimately I'll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980 s. U. S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990 s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won't provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans,which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person's economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested - the two factors that will determine how much it's worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees' 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee's 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company's problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron's 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn't prudent, but it's what some of them did.The Enron employees' retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That's whypreventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I'll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won't be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20 th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they're on their own.6. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.7. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people's outlook on lifeB. people's life stylesC. people's living standardD. people's social values8. Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA. the corporate lay-offsB. the government cuts in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuringD. the warning power of labors unions9. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly becauseA. the 401(k) made them responsible for their own futureB. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spendingD. Enron's offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.10. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. The 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people's mind.D. Economic security won't be taken for granted by future young workers.Section 2 Answering questions (20')Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions 1~3For 40 years the sight of thousands of youngsters striding across the open moorland has been as much an annual fixture as spring itself. But the 2,400 school pupils who join the grueling Dartmoor Ten T ors Challenge next Saturday may be among the last to take part in the May tradition. The trek faces growing criticism from environmentalists who fear that the presence of so many walkers on one weekend threatens the survival of some of Dartmoor's internationally rare bird species.The Ten Tors Challenge takes place in the middle of the breeding season, when the slightest disturbance can jeopardize birds' chances of reproducing successfully. Experts at the RSPB and the Dartmoor National Park Authority fear that the walkerscould frighten birds and even crush eggs. They are now calling for the event to be moved to the autumn, when the breeding season is over and chicks should be well established. Organisers of the event, which is led by about 400 Territorial Army volunteers, say moving it would be impractical for several reasons and would mean pupils could not train properly for the 55-mile trek. Dartmoor is home to 10 rare species of ground-nesting birds, including golden plovers, dunlins and lapwings. In some cases, species are either down to their last two pairs on the moor or are facing a nationwide decline.Emma Parkin, South-west spokeswoman for the PASPB, took part in the challenge as a schoolgirl. She said the society had no objections to the event itself but simply wanted it moved to another time of year. “It is a wond erful activity for the children who take part but, having thousands of people walking past in one weekend when birds are breeding is hardly ideal,” she said. “We would prefer it to take place after the breeding and nesting season is over. There is a risk of destruction and disturbance. If the walkers put a foot in the wrong place they can crush the eggs and if there issufficient disturbance the birds might abandon the nest.” Helen Booker, an RSPB upland conservation officer, said there was no research into the scale of the damage but there was little doubt the walk was detrimental. “If people are tramping past continually it can harm the chances of successful nesting. There is also the fear of direct trampling of eggs.” A spokesman for the Dartmoor National Park Authority said the breeding season on the moor lasted from early March to mid-July, and the Ten Tors Challenge created the potential for disturbance for March, when participants start training.To move the event to the autumn was difficult because children would be on holiday during the training period. There was a possibility that some schools in the Southwest move to a four-term year in 2004, “but until then any change was unlikely. The authority last surveyed bird life on Dartmoor two year ago and if the next survey showed any further decline, it would increase pressure to move the Challenge,” he said.Major Mike Pether, secretary of the army committee that organises the Challenge, said the event could be moved if there was the popular will. “The Te n Tors has been running for 42 years and it has always been at this time of the year. It is almost in tablets of stone but that's not to say we won't consider moving if there is a consensus in favour. However, although the RSPB would like it moved, 75 per cent of the people who take part want it to stay as it is,” he said. Major Pether said the trek could not be moved to earlier in the year because it would conflict with the lambing season, most of the children were on holiday in the summer, and the winter weather was too harsh. Datmoor National Park occupies some 54 sq km of hills topped by granite outcrops known as “Tors” with the highest Tor-capped hill reaching 621 m. The valleys and dips between the hills are often sites of bogs to snare the unwary hiker. The moor has long been used by the British Army as a training and firing range. The origin of the event stretches back to 1959 when three Army officers exercising on the moor thought it would provide a challenge for civilians as well as soldiers. In the first year 203 youngsters took up the challenges. Since then teams, depending on age and ability, face hikes of 35, 45 or 55 miles between 10 nominated Tors over two days. They are expected to carry everything they need to survive.1. What is the Ten Tors Challenge? Give a brief introduction of its location and history.2. Why is it suggested that the event be moved to the autumn or other seasons?3. What are the difficulties if the event is moved to the autumn or other seasons? Questions 4~5Mike and Adam Hurewitz grew up together on Long Island, in the suburbs of New York City. They were very close, even for brothers. So when Adam's liver started failing, Mike offered to give him half of his. The operation saved Adam's life. But Mike, who went into the hospital in seemingly excellent health, developed a complication - perhaps a blood colt - and died last week. He was 57. Mike Hurewitz's death has prompted a lot of soul searching in the transplant community. Was it a tragic fluke or a sign that transplant surgery has reached some kind of ethical limit? The Mount Sinai Medical Center, the New York City hospital where the complex doubleoperation was performed, has put on hold its adult living donor liver transplant program, pending a review of Hurewitz's death. Mount Sinai has performed about 100 such operations in the past three years.A 1-in-100 risk of dying may not seem like bad odds, but there's more to this ethical dilemma than a simple ratio. The first and most sacred rule of medicine is to do no harm. “For a normal healthy person a mortality rate 1% is hard to justify,” says Dr. John Fung, chief of transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. “If the rate stays at 1%, it's just not going to be accepted.” On the other hand, there's an acute shortage of traditional donor organs from people who have died in accidents or suffered fatal heart attacks. If family membersfully understand the risks and are willing to proceed, is there any reason to stand in their way? Indeed, a recent survey showed that most people will accept a mortality rate for living organ donors as high as 20%. The odds, thankfully, aren't nearly that bad. For kidney donors, for example, the risk ranges from 1 in 2, 500 to 1 in 4, 000 for a healthy volunteer. That helps explain why nearly 40% of kidney transplants in the U. S. come from living donors.The operation to transplant a liver, however, is a lot trickier than one to transplant a kidney. Not only is the liver packed with blood vessels, but it also makes lots of proteins that need to be produced in the right ratios for the body to survive. When organs from the recently deceased are used, the surgeon gets to pick which part of the donated liver looks the best and to take as much of it as needed. Assuming all goes well, a healthy liver can grow back whatever portion of the organ is missing, sometimes within a month.A living-donor transplant works particularly well when an adult donates a modest portion of the liver to a child. Usually only the left lobe of the organ is required, leading to a mortality rate for living-donors in the neighborhood of 1 in 500 to 1 in 1, 000. But when the recipient is another adult, as much as 60% of the donor's liver has to be removed. “There really is very little margin for error,” says Dr. Fung. By way of analogy, he suggests, think of a tree. “An adult-to-child living-donor transplant is like cutting off a limb. With an adult-to-adult transplant, you're splitting the trunk in half and trying to keep both halves alive.”Even if a potential donor understand and accepts these risks, that doesn't necessarily mean the operation should proceed. All sorts of subtle pressures can be brought to bear on such a decision, says Dr. Mark Siegler, director of the MacLean forClinical Medical Ethics at th e University of Chicago. “Sometimes the sicker the patient, the greater the pressure and the more willing the donor will be to accept risks.” If you feel you can't say no, is your decision truly voluntary? And if not, is it the medical community's responsibility to save you from your own best intentions?Transplant centers have developed screening programs to ensure that living donors fully understand the nature of their decision. But unexamined, for the most part, is the larger issue of just how much a volunteer should be allowed to sacrifice to save another human being. So far, we seem to be saying some risk is acceptable, although we're still vaguer about where the cutoff should be. There will always be family members like Mike Hurewitz who are heroically prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for a loved one. What the medical profession and society must decide is if it'sappropriate to let them do so.4. Describe in your own words the liver transplant between the two brothers Mike and Adam.5. What is the major issue raised in the article?III. Writing (30')Some people see education simply as going to school or college, or as a means to secure good jobs; other people view education as a lifelong process. In your opinion, how important is education to people in the modern society?Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.《翻译硕士英语》样题参考答案I. V ocabulary and grammar (30')1-10 DABAC ACDDB11-20 AABBD ACBBCII. Reading comprehension (40')Section 1 Multiple choice (20')1. C2. A3.D. 4.B. 5. A6. D7. A8.B. 10. BC. 9..Section 2 Answering questions (20')Key points1. located in Dartmoor Park／with 54 sq km of hills covered by “T ors”／an event starting from 1959／young people walking over a distance of 55-mile trek in two days／in Spring (May)／a kind of outdoor physical training2. environmentalism／threatening of some “internationally rare bird species”／breeding season／nesting season／destroying eggs／frightening birds／declining of birds3. if moved to autumn／children “on holiday” during the training period／majority unwilling to change the time／if moved earlier: lambing season／winter: too harsh and cold4. Mike and Adam／one's liver “failing”, Mike donated half of his liver／Adam survived／Mike, the healthy brother, due to the “complication” developed in the operation, died after the successful transplant5. when there is a risk of donors' dying from organ transplant between family members／1 in 100 risk／higher or lower／Shall such transplant operations be encouraged?／different viewpoints／heated argumentIII. Writing (30')Education as a Lifelong ProcessWhen we talk about education, we can easily think of schools, colleges and young people. As a matter of fact, education is so important in modern society that it can beviewed as a lifelong process.Firstly, it's the requirement of fast-developing society to receive education despite of your age. Our world is changing dramatically with the development of new science and technology. A person who completed his education at school in the 1970 s or the 1980 s may have encountered new problems when he is working now. The problems might have something to do with his major or other aspects. For example an accountant now must master the skills of accounting through computers, which is a basic tool for him, so he should also learn how to apply his job in a computer no matter how old he is.Secondly, education creates human character and moralities. Through education, youth may learn how to make contributions to the world. And the old may learn new things to enrich their lives. Through education, a healthy person can become stronger and a disabled person can have a new hope on his life. Man can find great pleasure in education.Thirdly, our modem society has provided everyone with the chance to receive education. As long as you wish you could get education by attending night-schools, adult colleges, training centers and even long-distance education through Internet andTV.In a word, knowledge is boundless, and life is limited. So education is a lifelong process.上一页下一页。
武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷
武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man mean by saying "It's not my day"?A. He's feeling very tired.B. He's having bad luck.C. He's not feeling well.D. He's not working today.2. What does the woman imply by saying "I'm all ears"?A. She's bored.B. She's eager to listen.C. She's not interested.D. She's busy.3. What is the man's opinion about the movie?A. It's too long.B. It's very exciting.C. It's boring.D. It's educational.4. Why does the woman refuse the man's offer?A. She doesn't like the color.B. She doesn't need it.C. She doesn't like the style.D. She's already got one.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A trip.B. A book.C. A movie.D. A restaurant.二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In this passage, the author discusses the importance of environmental protection. The article highlights the consequences of pollution and the need for sustainable practices.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Environmental protection is crucial.B. Pollution is a minor issue.C. Sustainable practices are unnecessary.D. The consequences of pollution are unknown.7. According to the passage, which of the following is a result of pollution?A. Improved air quality.B. Increased biodiversity.C. Loss of wildlife habitats.D. Reduced energy consumption.8. What does the author suggest as a solution to environmental problems?A. Ignoring the issue.B. Implementing sustainable practices.C. Relying on technology alone.D. Waiting for natural processes to correct the problem.Passage 2This passage is about the history of the internet and its impact on society. It explores the origins of the internet and how it has transformed communication, business, and education.9. When was the internet first developed?A. In the 1960s.B. In the 1970s.C. In the 1980s.D. In the 1990s.10. Which of the following is NOT an impact of the internet on society?A. Faster communication.B. Increased privacy concerns.C. The rise of e-commerce.D. A decline in the use of landlines.11. What does the author believe about the future of the internet?A. It will become obsolete.B. It will continue to evolve.C. It will be replaced by a new technology.D. It will have no further impact on society.三、完形填空（共20分）In this section, you will read a short passage with blanks. Choose the best word from the four options to complete the passage.12. A: I'm really worried about the final exam.B: Don't ________. Just do your best.A. give upB. worryC. hurryD. forget13. The ________ of the old building was completed last year.A. constructionB. destructionC. protectionD. renovation14. She has a ________ for classical music.A. passionB. fearC. dislikeD. doubt15. The company is ________ a new product.A. developingB. testingC. sellingD. advertising四、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences into English.16. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。
武汉大学翻硕英汉互译真题
武汉大学翻硕英汉互译真题1.APEC 亚太经合组织2.CAT 计算机辅助翻译(Computer Aided Translation) ; （结合：CAD 计算机辅助设计）3.NATO 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）4.FIT 国外个人旅行（Foreign Independent Tour）5.GPS 全球定位系统（Global Position System）；6.IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)7.subtitling 字幕8.Morse code 摩尔斯电码9.Translation studies 翻译研究10.Jerusalem 耶路撒冷11.General Assembly 联合国大会12.Gallup poll盖洛普民意测验13.money order汇款单14.Think-Aloud Protocols有声思维15.translation norms翻译规范汉译英：16.双赢Win-win17.三国Three Kingdoms18.直译Literal translation19.信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance20.民族政策Ethnic policies21.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development；22.节约型社会conservation-oriented society23.节能减排Energy conservation and emission reduction24.次贷危机Sub-prime mortgage crisis25.服务型政府Service-oriented government26.扫黄打非Eliminate pornography and illegal publications27.灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system28.和谐社会harmonious society29.职业翻译者professional translator30.国际关系民主化practice democracy in international relations1 ASEAN:东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations)2 CPI:消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index）；3 EQ:情商（Emotional Quotient）4 GMT:格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）5 GNP：国民生产总值（gross national product）6 OPEC：石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）7 UNCF:联合国儿童基金会（the United Children's Fund ）8 UNESCO:联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)9 NGO:民间组织；非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization）10 Dynamic Equivalence 动态对等11 Foreignizing Method 异化12 Intersemiotic Translation 符际翻译【扩展：翻译可从5种不同的角度来分类：从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语、外语译为本族语；1）从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation）；2）从翻译的手段来分类，翻译可分为口译（oral interlingual translation）、笔译（written interlingual translation）和机器翻译（machine translation）；3）从翻译的题材来分类，翻译可分为专业文献翻译（translation of English for science and technology）、文学翻译（literary translation）和一般性翻译（practical writing translation）；4）从翻译的处理方式来分类，翻译可分为全译（full translation）、摘译（partial translation）和编译（translation plus editing）】13 Lingua Franca 通用语14 Polysystems Theory 多元系统理论15 Department of Homeland Security 国土安全局汉译英：1 即席翻译unseen translation2 稀土rare earth3 产品导向product-driven4 民族的先知prophet of a nation5 操纵汇率Exchange Rate Manipulation6 第三产业The tertiary industry7 宏观调控macro-control efforts8 虚拟经济Virtonomics9 生态补偿机制ecological compensation mechanism10 西部大开发largescale development of the western region11 抑制流动性curb liquidity12 可持续发展sustainable development13 全面战略伙伴关系the comprehensive strategic partnership14 转变政府职能The transformation of governmental functions15 国际金融新秩序a new international financial order。
翻译硕士考试样题及参考答案
翻译硕⼠考试样题及参考答案全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位（MTI）研究⽣⼊学考试⼤纲总则全国翻译硕⼠专业学位教育指导委员会在《全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣指导性培养⽅案》（见学位办[2009]23号⽂）中指出，MTI教育的⽬标是培养⾼层次、应⽤型、专业性⼝笔译⼈才。
MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能⼒的培养。
全⽇制MTI的招⽣对象为具有国民教育序列⼤学本科学历（或本科同等学⼒）⼈员，具有良好的双语基础。
根据《全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣指导性培养⽅案》以及教学司[2009]22号⽂件精神，现制定全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣⼊学考试⼤纲。
.⼀、考试⽬的本考试旨在全⾯考查考⽣的双语（外语、母语）综合能⼒及双语翻译能⼒，招⽣院校根据考⽣参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统⼀录取分数线来选择参加复试的考⽣。
⼆、考试性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣的⼊学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第⼀单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第⼆单元外国语考试《翻译硕⼠X语》（含英语、法语、⽇语、俄语、韩语、德语等语种），第三单元基础课考试《X语翻译基础》（含英汉、法汉、⽇汉、俄汉、韩汉、德汉等语对）以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕⼠X 语》重点考查考⽣的外语⽔平，总分100分；《X语翻译基础》重点考查考⽣的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分；《汉语写作与百科知识》重点考查考⽣的现代汉语写作⽔平和百科知识，总分150分。
（考试科⽬名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号⽂件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，掌握6,000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。
2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能⼒及潜质。
3. 具备⼀定的中外⽂化以及政治、经济、法律等⽅⾯的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语⾔）的现代汉语有较强的写作能⼒。
四、考试时间与命题每年1⽉份举⾏，与全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试同步进⾏。
2012年武汉大学翻译硕士MTI汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷
2012 年武汉大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：56.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.中国古代传统文化中“岁寒三友”和“四君子”实际上是指（）种植物。
（分数：2.00）A.7B.6C.5 √D.4解析：解析：岁寒三友指松、竹、梅，四君子是梅、兰、竹、菊，因此共 5 种植物。
2.提出“宇宙便是吾心，吾心便是宇宙”的哲学家是（）。
（分数：2.00）A.陆九渊√B.王守仁C. 孟子D.周敦颐解析：解析：陆九渊是南宋著名的理学家、思想家和教育家，宋明两代“心学”的开山之祖。
认为“人心至灵，此理至明；人皆具有心，心皆具是理”；“宇宙便是吾心，吾心便是宇宙”；“宇宙内事是己分内事，己分内事是宇宙内事”。
他认为人们的心和理都是天赋的，永恒不变的，仁义礼智信等也是人的天性所固有的，不是外铄的。
B 王守仁即王阳明，明代著名的思想家、文学家、哲学家和军事家，提倡“致良知”，从自己内心中去寻找“理”，“理”全在人“心”，“理”化生宇宙天地万物，人秉其秀气，故人心自秉其精要。
在知与行的关系上，强调要知，更要行，知中有行，行中有知，所谓“知行合一”，二者互为表里，不可分离。
3.清廷一度重用西方传教士，但因为罗马教廷颁布针对中国的“禁约”，西方传教士活动在（）年间被禁止。
（分数：2.00）A.康熙B.雍正C.乾隆D.嘉庆√解析：解析：1805 年(嘉庆十年)开始，清朝禁止西方人在华刻书，传教和设立学校。
4.下列书籍中属于徐光启的著作是（）。
（分数：2.00）A.《齐名要术》B.《农书》C.《农政全书》√D.《农学丛书》解析：解析：徐光启是明代著名科学家、政治家。
译有《几何原本》，著《农政全书》、《崇祯历书》、《考工记解》等。
A 《齐民要术》是北朝北魏时期，南朝宋至梁时期，中国杰出农学家贾思勰所著的一部综合性农学著作，也是世界农学史上最早的专著之一。
是中国现存的最完整的农书。
2015年武汉大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题及标准答案
2015年武汉大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译1.英译汉2.Shanghai Free Trade Area_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(上海自由贸易区)3.special envoy_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(特使)4.consulate-general_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(总领事馆)5.National City Bank of New York_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(花旗银行)6.exchange rate_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(汇率)7.cash drains_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(现金外流)8.intangible assets_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(无形资产)9.bank balance_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(银行存款余额；银行结存)10.pay by installment_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(分期付款)11.host university_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(留学院校)w firm_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案：(律师事务所)13.current account_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(活期存款账户；往来账户)14.antidumping_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(反倾销)15.OPEC_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries))16.export subsidy_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(出口补贴，出口津贴)17.汉译英_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________18.丝路基金_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Silk Road Fund)19.反恐怖主义情报中心______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(anti-terrorism intelligence system)20.海外追逃_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(international manhunt)21.苏格兰独立公投_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Scottish Independence Referendum)22.微信_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(WeChat)23.失联_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(to lose contact with/loss of communication)24.正能量_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(positive energy)25.埃博拉病毒_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Ebola virus)26.权力寻租腐败_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(rent-seeking and corruption)27.反垄断调查_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(anti-monopoly investigations)28.潜规则_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________。
武汉大学硕士英语Unit1-5汉译英答案集合
1 中国和欧洲是两大战略力量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进人类文明进步、维护世界和平的崇高使命，双方正在形成不断放大的战略交集。
中国是最大的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最大的发达经济体，"最大"与"最大"交融,一切都有可能，"新兴"与"发达"携手，优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。
China and Europe are two major strategic forces. We both undertake the lofty mission of promoting global economy, advancing human civilization and progress and safeguarding world peace. The two sides are expanding their converging strategic interests.China is the largest emerging market and the EU the largest developed economy. Nothing is impossible when the two "largests" converge. And strength will be multiplied if the "emerging" meets the "developed". China-EU cooperation may serve as a fine example of that between the emerging and developed economies.2近40年的中欧关系，已由一棵小苗长成枝繁叶茂的大树，这棵树上挂满了累累果实。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.The U. S government is made up of three portions ; executive, legislative and judicial. （分数：0.50）A.parts √B.ingredientsC.principlesD.proportions解析：[解析] 句意：美国政府由三个部分组成：行政、立法和司法。
portion和part含义相同，均表示“(整体中独立的)部分”。
ingredient(混合物的)组成部分；(构成)要素。
principle原理，原则。
proportion 比例；部分。
2.For 18 months, Iran repeatedly rebuffed all U. S proposals to free the hostages.（分数：0.50）A.rebukedB.rejected √C.abusedD.filtered解析：[解析] 句意：一年半以来，伊朗一再拒绝美国要求释放人质的提议。
rebuff断然拒绝，回绝。
reject 拒绝，驳回。
rebuke非难，指责。
abuse滥用；虐待。
filter过滤；渗入。
3.The common earthworm is made up of round segments , commonly divided into anterior and posterior. （分数：0.50）ansB.cellsC.ringsD.sections √解析：[解析] 句意：一般的蚯蚓都是由一段一段的环形组成的，通常还包括前段和后段。
segment 段；体节。
section节，段。
organ器官。
cell细胞。
ring环状物，圆圈。
round表示“圆"的”，ring与之语义重复，故不选。
2020-2021年武汉大学英语专业考研真题、参考书、复录比、考研经验分享
2020-2021年武汉大学英语专业考研真题、参考书、复录比、考研经验分享2019年武汉大学招生目录考试科目英语语言文学考试科目：①101思想政治理论②243二外俄语或244二外日语或245二外法语或246二外德语③611基础英语④801英语综合（语言学、文学）参考书：张培基、俞云根等编：《英汉翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社章振邦：《新编英语语法教程》（修订本），上海外语教育出版社H.H.Stern：《语言教学的基本概念》，上海外语教育出版社1999年版张伯香编：《英国文学教程》（修订本上下册），武汉大学出版社吴定柏：《美国文学大纲》，上海外语教育出版社郭著章、李庆生编：《英汉互译实用教程》，武汉大学出版社推荐资料：《2019武汉大学611基础英语考研复习精编》《2019武汉大学611基础英语考研冲刺宝典》《2019武汉大学801英语综合考研复习精编》《2019武汉大学801英语综合考研冲刺宝典》英语翻译考试科目：①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识2018年翻译硕士（英语）题型分析（记忆）211翻译硕士英语40道选择题，还好，难度中等，gre词汇还是要背一背改错题有点难，今年阅读比较简单，有一篇是专八练习的原题，讲star alliance 兼并的，作文是human activity makes the world a better place or harms it ?357英语翻译基础词条英汉互译各15个，今年热词考的比较多英译汉：1.Party Constitution；2.CPC national congress；3.oblique translation；4.BRICS；5.European Bank for reconstruction and development；6.polysystem theory,7.taxt exemption；8.text typology,9.property tax；10.craftsman spirit,11.trade and investment liberalization and convenience12.openess and inclusiveness翻译部分考了两篇英译汉是一篇关于语言学的什么二语教学应用学不是很懂汉译英是政府工作报告那种类型的，整整一页，什么提高执政本领啥的448汉语写作与百科知识今年百科其实还算简单，题型没变还是25个选择题，好多都是刘军平那本书上的原题还有1篇应用文，两篇作文应用文是关于申请教育部专项基金的，400字作文一篇是关于就业难问题的还有一篇是命题作文：明者懂得因时而变，知者善于因事而制参考书（初试指定教材）：211翻译硕士英语《高级英语》（修订本 1－2册），张汉熙等主编，外语教学与研究出版社（英语专业八级水平）357英语翻译基础《英汉互译实用教程》（修订第三版）郭著章、李庆生，武汉大学出版社；《实用英汉互译技巧》（修订版）汪涛，武汉大学出版社；《西方翻译理论通史》，刘军平，武汉大学出版社；《翻译者手册》，马萧，武汉大学出版社。
武汉大学英语专业考研MTI真题
武汉大学MTI真题Multiple Choice (30 points, 1 point for each)1. The American approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many people because there is lessemphasis on learning facts than _______ true in the systems of any other countries.a) is b) it is c) it being d) to be2. Cinema-goers hate _______long queues before all cinemas.a) there being b) there to be c) there is d) there are3. _______ had a passion for walking, we started off by car.a) when b) as c) after d) while4. The opposition parties are planning to bring _______ a No-Confidence Motion against the Prime Minister.a) up b) forward c) out d) about5. India is one of the several countries which are _______ affected by widespread deforestation and steady destruction of natural watersheds.a) critically b) remarkably c) superficially d) strongly6. If you take care of the pence, the _______ will take care of themselves.a) dollars b) cents c) pounds d) money7. Over the course of centuries, the river Ganges has _______ its course many a times.a) altered b) deviated c) recovered d) adjusted8. A notable patriot and revolutionary _______ lost-to India in the death of Subhash Chandra Bose.a) was b) were c) had d) have9. The dacoits attacked the village and every man, woman and child _______ put to death.a)was b) were c) is d) are10 They tried to reassure me but I was still not able to _______ my fears.a) annul b) prevent c) reduce d) curtail11. always preferred the _______ of the big city.a) anonymity b) obscurity c) distinctiveness d) none of these12. The opposition _______ the Minister by furious criticism.a) ascribed b) hailed c) treated d) assailed13. His jokes failed to ________ even the faintest of smites from her.a) invoke b) elicit c) attract d) make14. Credit card crime is reaching _______ proportions.a) endemic b) epidemic c) unbelievable d) great15. The visitor was welcomed _______ and introduced to the Governor.a) ceremoniously b) ceremonially c) affectionately d) perfectly16. She showed great _______ and finesse in dealing with the troublesome situation.a) tact b) trick c) ability d) power17. She _______ her disapproval of the show by leaving the auditorium.a) engaged b) saw c) envisaged d) evinced18. Coaching classes often act as the _______ to success in competitive examinations.a) way b) means c) door d) window19. The poor woman has _______ many hardships after her husband died many years ago.a) born b) bore c) borne d) boar20. We partook _______ the humble meal provided by the villagers.a) with b) of c) at d) from21. This is similar to the other tune, but quite _______ from it.a) distinctive b) distinct c) diverge d) divergent22. A leading chemist believes that many scientists have difficulty with stereochemistry because much of the relevant nomenclature is _______ . in that it combines concepts that should be kept a) obscure. . . interrelated b) specialized. . . intactc) imprecise. . . discrete d) descriptive. . . separate23. A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structure mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more _______ the ideas.a) complicated b) inconsequential c) elementary d) fanciful24. A war, even if fought for individual liberty and. democratic rights, usually requires that these principles be _______ , for they are _______ the regimentation and discipline necessary for military efficiency.a) rejected. . . inherent in b) suppressed fulfilled throughc) suspended. . . incompatible with d) followed. . . disruptive of25. A number of writers who once greatly _______ the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting _______ for their former criticism.a) lauded. . . censure b) influenced. . . analysisc) simulated. . . ambivalence d) honored. . . adulation26. A human being is quite _______ creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears and _______ is thin and often easily breached.a) a logical. . . problems b) a ludicrous. . . laughterc) a valiant. . . phobias d) an ambitious. . . morality27. The diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience and skill in conducting such delicate negotiations, ________ to make a decision during the talks because any sudden commitment at thattime would have beena) resolved. . . detrimental b) refused. . . aproposc) declined. . . inopportune d) struggled. . . unconscionable28. Because the monkeys under study are _______ the presence of human beings, they typically _______ human observers and go about their business.a) ambivalent about . . . welcome b) habituated to . . . disregardc) pleased with . . . snub d) unaware of avoid29 He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but instead he encountered _______ bordering on hostility.a) patience b) discretion c) indifference d) ineptitude30. Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions that a community that Inns constantly refused to_______ its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be _______ .a) acknowledge. . . ignored b) decrease. . . verifiedc) tolerate. . . accepted d) address. . . eliminated?. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each)Read the following passages carefully and choose one best answer for each question in Passage 1, 2and 3, and answer the questions in passage 4 based on your understanding of the passage. (1) Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth's crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth's surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains梩he Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge梡arallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses. That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in. detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respectto the Earth's interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years. Beyond acting as frames Of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the prates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms abroad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of thecontinental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.1. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______ .(A) describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes(B) describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents(C) explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes(D) describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates2. According to the passage, hot spots differ from most voicanoes in that hot spots _____ .(A) can only be found near islands(B) have greater amounts of alkali metals in their tarns(C) are situated closer to the earth's surface(D) can be found along the edges of the plates3. It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for the apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the ______ .(A) configurations of several mid-ocean island chains(B) dimensions of ocean hot spotsC) concurrent movement of two hot spots(D) pattern of fissures in the ocean floor4. The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge, and the Tuamotu Ridge?(A) The three chains of islands are moving eastward.(B) The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.(C) The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.(D) The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary.5. Which of the following, if tree, would best support the author's statement that hot-spot activitymay explain the mutability of continental plates?(A) Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.(B) Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.(C) Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates(D) The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that raptured along a line of hot spots.(2)"They treat us like mules," the guy installing my washer tells me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands. I had just complimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that it's rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what he's talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life, in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked "being among the public," as she would say. But that work had its sting too--the customer who would treat her like a servant or, her biggest complaint, like she was not that bright. There's a lesson here for this political season: the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the American Dream, and we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote. The common political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well, And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicans梩hough the Grand Old Party did appeal to them in St. Paul.Let's go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer. They do a lot of heavy lifting quickly梞ine was the first of 15 deliveries梐nd efficiently, to avoid injury. Between them there is ongoing communication, verbal and nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit,move inrhythm with each other. And all the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and solvingproblems梐s when my new dryer didn't match up with the gas outlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: remember orders and monitorthem. attend to a dynamic, quickly changing environment, prioritize tasks and manage the flow ofwork, make decisions on the fly. There's the carpenter using a number of mathematical concepts ymmetry proportion, congruence, the properties of angles梐nd visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roof.The hairstylist's practice is a mix of technique, knowledge about the biology of hair, aesthetic judgment and communication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters andproblem solvers Even the routinized factory floor calls for working smarts. When has any of this madeits way into our political speeches? From either party. Even on Labor Day. Last week, the GOP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus city and east-coast versusheartland education. But these are symbolic populist gestures, not the stuff of true engagement. Judgments about intelligence carry great weight in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of people's intelligence based on the kind of work they do.Political tributes to labor over the next two months Will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate the thought bright behind the eye, or offer an imagethat links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have atruer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us. Those politicians who can communicate that sense will tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling. And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will find a welcome reception.6. To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT ______ .(A) hairstylist and waitress (B) carpenter and mechanic(C) electrician and plumber (D) street-cleaner and shop-assistant7. In the sentence "we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism" (para. 3), the word "egalitarianism" can be replaced by ______ .(A) individualism (B) enlightenment(C) equality (D) liberalism8. We can conclude from the passage that ______ .(A) in America, judgments about people's intelligence are often based on the kind of work they do(B) the subtle and not so subtle insults towards, blue-collars are a daily phenomenon in America(C) the United States is a. classless society(D) the old cultural suspicions, of country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education show the Republican's true engagement9. One of the major groups of targeted readers of the author should be ______ .(A) blue-collar American workers(B) middle-class American businessmen(C) American politicians(D) American company leaders10. Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) The Democratic Party and the Republican Party should stop symbolic populist gestures.(B) Political tributes should mind the subtle bias against the intelligence of the working class.(C) The ruling party should acknowledge the working smarts of blue-collars.(3)Joy and sadness, are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that-the expression of many emotions may beuniversal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger.As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facialexpressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach ofenemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. Inclassic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust,fear happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions werebeing depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore,a tribe that dwells in the New. Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost nocontact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The For also displayed familiar facialexpressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called forbasic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a studyof ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multipie emotions were shown byfacial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown andwhich emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles andin the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship betweenemotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis,signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so aperson's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "Thefree expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as faras possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. " Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will,for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which isthe level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism, intense contraction of facial muscles,such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal thenleads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and therelease of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses. ) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-calledDuchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles-around the eyes and a subtle drop inthe eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead topleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response 梐slong as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening thelip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.11. The word "despondent" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______ .(A) curious(B) unhappy(C) thoughtful(D) uncertain12. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to ______ .(A) differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of it(B) upport Darwin's theory of evolution(C) provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understood(D) contrast a facial expression that is-easily understood with other facial expressions13. The word "concur" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______ .(A) estimate(B) agree(C) expect(D) understand14. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Eore people of New Guinea?(A) They did not want to be shown photographs.(B) They were famous for their story telling skills.(C) They knew very little about Western culture.(D) They did not encourage the expression of emotions.15. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?(A) They would become less intense.(B) They would last longer than usual.(C) They would cause problems later.(D) They would become more negative.(4)BANKS mimic other banks. They expose themselves to similar risks by making the same sorts of loans. Each bank's appetite for lending rises and falls in sync. What is safe for one institution becomesdangerous if they all do the same, which is-often how financial trouble starts. The scope for nasty spillovers is increased by direct linkages. Banks lend to each other as well as to customers, so one firm's failure can quickly cause others to fall over, too.Because of these connections, rules to ensure the soundness of each bank are not enough to keepthe banking system safe. Hence the calls for "macroprudential" regulation to prevent failures of thefinancial system as a whole. Although there is wide agreement that macropmdential policy is neededto limit systemic risk, there has been very little detail about how it might work. Two new reports helpfill this gap. One is a discussion paper from the Bank of England, which sketches out the elements of amacroprudential regime and identifies what needs to be decided before it is put into practice. Theother paper by the Warwick Commission, a group of academics and experts on finance from aroundthe world, advocates specific reforms.The first step is to decide an objective for macroprudential policy. A broad aim is to keep the financial system working well at all times. The bank's report suggests a more precise goal: to limit thechance of bank -failure to its "social optimum". Tempering the boom-bust credit cycle and taking some air out of asset, price bubbles may be necessary to meet these aims, but both reports agree thatshould not be the main purpose of regulation. Making finance safer is ambitious enough. Policymakers then have to decide on how they might achieve their goal. The financial system is too willing to provide credit in good times and too shy to do so in bad times. In upswings banks arekeen to extend loans because write-offs seem unlikely. The willingness of other banks to do the sameonly reinforces the trend. Borrowers seem less likely to default because with lots of credit around, thevalue of their assets is rising. As the boom gathers pace, even banks that are wary of making fresh loans carry on for fear of ceding ground to rivals. When recession hits, each bank becomes fearful ofmaking loans partly because other banks are also reluctant. Scarce credit hurts asset prices and leavesborrowers prey to the cash-flow troubles of customers and suppliers.Since the cycle is such an. -influence on banks, macroprudential regulation should make it harder for all banks to lend so freely in booms and easier for them to lend in recessions. It can do this by tailoring capital requirements to the credit cycle. Whenever overall credit growth looks too frothy, themacroprudential body could increase the minimum capital buffer that supervisors make each bankhold. Equity capital is relatively dear for banks, which benefit from an implicit state guarantee on theirdebt finance as well as the tax breaks on interest payments enjoyed by all firms. Forcing banks to holdmore capital when exuberance reigns would make it costlier for them to supply credit. It would alsoprovide society with an extra cushion against bank failures.Each report adds its own twist to this prescription. The Bank of England thinks extra capital may be needed for certain sorts of credit. If capital penalties are not targeted, it argues, banks may simplycut back on routine loans to free up capital for more exotic lending. The Warwick report says eachbank's capital should also vary with how long-lived its assets are relative to its tunding. Firms withbigmaturitiy mismatches are more likely to cause systemic problems and should be penalised. The ease ofraising cash against assets and of rolling over debt varies over the cycle, and capital rules need to reflect this. Regulators should also find ways to match different risks with the firms which can bestbear them. Ranks are the natural bearers of credit risk since they know about evaluating borrowers.Pension funds are less prone to sudden withdrawals of cash and are the best homes for illiquid assets.The Warwick group is keen that macroprudential policy should be guided by rules. if credit, assetprices and GDP were all growing above their long-run average rates, say, the regulator would be forced to step in or explain why it is not doing so. Finance is a powerful lobby. Without such a triggerfor intervention, regulators may be swayed by arguments that the next credit boom is somehow different and poses few dangers. The bank frets about regulatory capture, too, but doubts that any rulewould be right for all circumstances. It favours other approaches, such as frequent public scrutiny, tokeep regulators honest.When banks attack, no regulatory system is likely to be fail-safe. That is why Bank of England officials stress that efforts to make bank failures less costly for society must he part of regulatory reform. That includes making banks' capital structures more flexible, so that some kinds of debt turninto loss-bearing equity in a crisis. Both reports favour making systemically important banks hold extra capital, as they pose bigger risks when they fail.The Warwick group also thinks cross-border banks should abide by the rules of their host countries, so that macroprudential regulation fits local credit conditions. That would require that foreign subsidiaries be independently capitalised, which may also be necessary for a cross-border bank to have a credible "living will", a guide to its orderly resolution. This. advice will chafe most inthe European Union, where standard rules are the basis of the single market. But varying rules on capital could also be used as a macroeconomic tool in the euro area, where monetary policy cannot betailored to each country's needs. Regulation to address negative spillovers that hurt financial stabilitymight then have a positive spillover for economic stability.Answer the following questions in your own words according to the requirements. The answers should be as clear and relevant as possible.16. What is the situation facing banks and why?17. Based on your understanding of the passage, what might be the meaning of "boom-bust credit cycle" and "asset price bubbles" in the 3rdparagraph?18. How do The Bank of England and the Warwick group respond to the "macroprudential"。
2012年武汉大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷
2012年武汉大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：56.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.中国古代传统文化中“岁寒三友”和“四君子”实际上是指（）种植物。
（分数：2.00）A.7B.6C.5 √D.4解析：解析：岁寒三友指松、竹、梅，四君子是梅、兰、竹、菊，因此共5种植物。
2.提出“宇宙便是吾心，吾心便是宇宙”的哲学家是（）。
（分数：2.00）A.陆九渊√B.王守仁C.孟子D.周敦颐解析：解析：陆九渊是南宋著名的理学家、思想家和教育家，宋明两代“心学”的开山之祖。
认为“人心至灵，此理至明；人皆具有心，心皆具是理”；“宇宙便是吾心，吾心便是宇宙”；“宇宙内事是己分内事，己分内事是宇宙内事”。
他认为人们的心和理都是天赋的，永恒不变的，仁义礼智信等也是人的天性所固有的，不是外铄的。
B王守仁即王阳明，明代著名的思想家、文学家、哲学家和军事家，提倡“致良知”，从自己内心中去寻找“理”，“理”全在人“心”，“理”化生宇宙天地万物，人秉其秀气，故人心自秉其精要。
在知与行的关系上，强调要知，更要行，知中有行，行中有知，所谓“知行合一”，二者互为表里，不可分离。
3.清廷一度重用西方传教士，但因为罗马教廷颁布针对中国的“禁约”，西方传教士活动在（）年间被禁止。
（分数：2.00）A.康熙B.雍正C.乾隆D.嘉庆√解析：解析：1805年(嘉庆十年)开始，清朝禁止西方人在华刻书，传教和设立学校。
4.下列书籍中属于徐光启的著作是（）。
（分数：2.00）A.《齐名要术》B.《农书》C.《农政全书》√D.《农学丛书》解析：解析：徐光启是明代著名科学家、政治家。
译有《几何原本》，著《农政全书》、《崇祯历书》、《考工记解》等。
A《齐民要术》是北朝北魏时期，南朝宋至梁时期，中国杰出农学家贾思勰所著的一部综合性农学著作，也是世界农学史上最早的专著之一。
是中国现存的最完整的农书。
武汉大学硕士英语全文翻译 unit 1-3-4-5-7
Unit one——Final Version of Translation1．为什么我们与来自其它文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会、让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功。
有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同”的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2．相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人”和“我们内在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
3．力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如：由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4．因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变，那么我们就会受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/40)Vocabulary第1题His natural______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality下一题(2/40)Vocabulary第2题Patriotism was the army captain´s______when he spoke at our school assembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory上一题下一题(3/40)Vocabulary第3题A modern ship has its______in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype上一题下一题(4/40)Vocabulary第4题You should______the wheels of your bicycle to reduce the friction.belB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate上一题下一题(5/40)Vocabulary第5题A person ought to conform the______of behaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms上一题下一题(6/40)Vocabulary第6题Travel can be an excellent______to one´s education.plementpletionponentpetitor上一题下一题(7/40)Vocabulary第7题The______to the contract must be signed by two witnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment上一题下一题(8/40)Vocabulary第8题He accepted______for the damage done to the car.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood上一题下一题(9/40)Vocabulary第9题If the main power line fails, the hospital will use its______generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary上一题下一题(10/40)Vocabulary第10题The big searchlight______a spot a mile away.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates上一题下一题(11/40)Vocabulary第11题His newly published novel enjoys great______.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy上一题下一题(12/40)Vocabulary第12题The young mother looked at her sleeping baby with a(an)______smile.A.elegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical上一题下一题(13/40)Vocabulary第13题Always tell your neighbours when you are going, as a______against burglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation上一题下一题(14/40)Vocabulary第14题The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed上一题下一题(15/40)Vocabulary第15题Having rooms in which to study will not______, we must also have the time to use them.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice上一题下一题(16/40)Vocabulary第16题Their______fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole上一题下一题(17/40)Vocabulary第17题Marilyn came back from her vacation with______arms and face.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened上一题下一题(18/40)Vocabulary第18题The wagon trains had to______Indian territory to reach California.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport上一题下一题(19/40)Vocabulary第19题The propeller began to______, and the small plane started down the runway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar上一题下一题(20/40)Vocabulary第20题The government´s recent statement of the unemployment does not______with the facts.A.accordB.conformmenceD.consent上一题下一题(21/40)Vocabulary第21题They planned to______in the middle of the night, when the guards were asleep.A.go offB.run outC.break offD.break out上一题下一题(22/40)Vocabulary第22题It´s pretty windy. You´d better______your hat.A.add up toB.lend itself toC.hold on toD.stand up to上一题下一题(23/40)Vocabulary第23题She´s playing so well this year that people expect her to______all the big prizes again.A.carry onB.carry offC.carry outD.take off上一题下一题(24/40)Vocabulary第24题When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.A.nothing butB.none other thanC.none butD.no other than上一题下一题(25/40)Vocabulary第25题As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.A.have to be saidB.must sayC.ought to be saidD.need to say上一题下一题(26/40)Vocabulary第26题______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things to be equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things being equal上一题下一题(27/40)Vocabulary第27题I am sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.A.in caseB.untilC.if onlyD.unless上一题下一题(28/40)Vocabulary第28题If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ______would be getting sick.A.a lot of more usB.a lot more of usC.more a lot of usD.a lot of us more上一题下一题(29/40)Vocabulary第29题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created上一题下一题(30/40)Vocabulary第30题Most of the people who______two world wars are strongly against arms race.A.have lived outB.have lived throughC.have lived onD.have lived with上一题下一题(31/40)Vocabulary第31题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately______from Marathon to Athens.A.distanceB.is the distanceC.the distanceD.the distance is上一题下一题(32/40)Vocabulary第32题Scientists say it may be five or ten years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when上一题下一题(33/40)Vocabulary第33题I walked too much yesterday and ______are still aching now.A.my leg´s musclesB.my muscles of legC.my leg musclesD.my muscles of the leg上一题下一题(34/40)Vocabulary第34题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.A.has leftB.is to leaveC.leavesD.is to be left上一题下一题(35/40)Vocabulary第35题Jean doesn´t want to work right away because she thinks that if she______a job she probably wouldn´t be able to see her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got上一题下一题(36/40)Vocabulary第36题The world´s supplies of copper______.A.have been gradually being exhaustedB.has gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhausted上一题下一题(37/40)Vocabulary第37题Hitler______in his room.mitted suicideB.got committed suicideC.was committed suicideD.was suicide上一题下一题(38/40)Vocabulary第38题Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting______.A.be adjournedB.should cancelC.be going to cancelD.is to adjourn上一题下一题(39/40)Vocabulary第39题It is no good______persuade me.A.for you to try toB.trying toC.of you toD.of you to try to上一题下一题(40/40)Vocabulary第40题The main trouble is______enough knowledge.A.their not havingB.them not havingC.theirs not havingD.for them to not have上一题下一题(41~50/共30题)Reading ComprehensionProofreadingBefore 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless thewoman´s health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jame Roe, asingle woman, instituted this federal action against the District attorney of the county. The original idea was that women who truly didnot want a baby should not have to have it. __41__Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __42__ forced pregnancy, like any forced bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __43__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __44__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends/husbands unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __45__of the financial pressure, out of panic from losing their jobs, out ofpanic from having to quit the school, or becoming homeless, or out__46__ of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street.Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses resul- __47__ ting from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort anddo so completely of her own free will. These women have no regrets, __48__ no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. But __49__a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortioneffected them adversely. __50__第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题上一题下一题(51~55/共30题)Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionIn developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant´s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant´s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the values of colour, composition, and technique , while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation.Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events.The impact of the socialization process, particularly which of parental and social group ideology , may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.The evolutionary process of development from body schema through to cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing and speaking develop first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individualhuman being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind.Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication.From the earliest times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.第51题It can be inferred from this passage that the author would support the attitude towards art appreciation that______.A.a work of art should not be analyzedB.analysis of a work of art makes for greater understanding of itC.understanding the life of the artist helps us to understand his workD.all mature people can understand art equally well第52题The statement which is neither implied nor stated in this passage is______.A.The child is concerned only with his own bodyB.The child learns to act in a way that will serve his desiresC.The infant´s attention can be distracted from an object by simply concealing itD.The infant finds it difficult to focus attention on more than one object at a time第53题It may be inferred from the passage that the effects of society on learning may be______.A.to enhance the individual´s motivation to learn as quickly as possibleB.too deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideologyC.to bring man´s knowledge within the scope of allD.to keep all learning at the same stage of development第54题The passage implies that______.A.speech is acquired through direct teachingB.the infant should be taught not to babbleC.infants who do not chatter will never learn to speakD.infants are born with the ability to speak but the ability to do so depends upon development of physical functions through non-verbal activities第55题It would appear from the passage that it would be useful for the parent of the newborn to______.A.give the infant what he needs before he criesB.teach the infant how to speak as quickly as possibleC.model speech sounds and encourage the infant to produce themD.refuse the infant´s demands until he makes them clear上一题下一题(56~60/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIn a reaction against a too-rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey´s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, "Teach the child, not the subject. " they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by recreating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man´s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O´Neil: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life´s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination-and frailty-of Patrick White´s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders-and their sneering contempt for the law-did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, " I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their " life experience classroom" theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement-that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and opens us to learning. We must convince them-in their own personal language perhaps-of the " togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.第56题According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is______.A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human conditionC.the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD.to write about tragedy and despair第57题In the author´s opinion, as seen in this passage one outcome of the influence of the " life experience" adherents has been______.A.the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB.a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC.a sharp swing over to "learning through doing"D.an end to rigorous study as a way of learning第58题As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is______.A.enrichment of our understanding of the pastB.broadening of our approaches to social problemsC.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone第59题The author´s purpose in this passage is to______.A.list those writers who make up the back bone of a great literature curriculumpare the young reader´s experience with literature to that of the mature readerC.advocate the adoption of the "life experience" approach to teachingD.plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculum第60题The author´s reason for quoting Judge Hand is to______.A.call attention to the writing of Thucydides and CarlyleB.support the thesis of the author that literature broadens our understanding and stretches our facultiesC.point out that constitutional law is a part of the great literature of our pastD.show that everyone, including judges, enjoys reading上一题下一题(61~65/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIt has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to the other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly thespeed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump-which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances-then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative , although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear-either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding-to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass-that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein´s theories, since the "faster" a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.第61题The "sound" of Professor Zuckerkandl´s book title probably refers to ______.A.the music of the spheresB.music in the abstractC.musical notationD.the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons第62题The passage supports the inference that______.A.Einstein´s theory of relativity is wrongB.the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein´s theoriesC.time travel is clearly possibleD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light第63题The tone of the passage is______.A.critical but hopefulB.hopeful but suspiciousC.suspicious but speculativeD.speculative but hopeful第64题The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?A.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.B.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.C.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.D.Zuckerkandl´s theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einstein´s.第65题According to the author, it is too soon to______.A.call Beethoven a physicistB.adopt proposals such as Zuckerkandl´sC.plan for time travelD.study particle chambers for tachyon traces上一题下一题(66~70/共30题)Reading ComprehensionTwice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(Amap).The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.In the communities of Greenland and eastern Russia monitored so far, the ratio was found to be two girls to one boy. In one village in Greenland only girls have been born.The scientists measured the man-made chemicals in women´s blood that mimic human hormones and concluded that they were capable of triggering changes in the sex of unborn children in the first three weeks of gestation. The chemicals are carried in the mother´s bloodstream through the placenta to the foetus, switching hormones to create girl children.Lars-Otto Reierson, executive secretary for Amap, said: " We knew that the levels of man-made chemicals were accumulating in the food chain, and that seals, whales and particularly polar bears were getting a dose a million times higher than that existing in plankton, and that this could be toxic to humans who ate these higher animals. What was shocking was that they were also able to change the sex of children before birth.The sex balance of the human race-historically a slight excess of boys over girls-has recently begun to change. A paper published in the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences earlier this year said that in Japan and the US there were 250,000 boys fewer than would have been expected had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged. The paper was unable to pin down a cause for the new excess of girls over boys.The Arctic scientists have discovered that many of the babies born in Russia are premature and the boys are far smaller than girls. Possible links between the pollutants and high infantmortality in the first year of life is also being investigated.Scientists believe a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment from generators, televisions and computers that mimic human hormones are implicated. They are carried by winds and rivers to the Arctic where they accumulate in the food chain and in the bloodstreams of the largely meat-and fish-eating Inuit communities.The first results of the survey were disclosed at a symposium of religious, scientific and environmental leaders in Greenland´s capital, Nuuk, yesterday, organized by the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church, Bartholomew I, which is looking at the effects of environmental pollution on the Arctic.Dr Reierson said the accumulation of DDT, PCBs, flame-retardants and other endocrine disrupters has been known for some time and young women had been advised to avoid eating some Arctic animals to avoid excess contamination and possible damage to their unborn children. Dr Reierson said blood samples from pregnant women were subsequently matched with the sex of their baby. Women with elevated levels of PCBs in their blood above two to four micrograms per litre and upwards were checked in three northern peninsula´s in Russia´s far east-the Kola, Taimyr and Chukotka-plus the Pechora River Basin.To check the results the survey was widened and further communities, including those on Commodore Island, were investigated. The results were now in for 480 families and the ratio remained the same.He said full results for the widening of the survey would not be published until next year but preliminary results for Greenland showed the same 2:1 ratio in the north.Aqqaluk Lynge, the former chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference who hails from Greenland, said: "This is a disaster, especially for some 1 ,500 people who make up the Inuit nations in the far north east of Russia." Here in the north of Greenland, in the villages near the Thule American base, only girl babies are being born to Inuit families." The problem is acute in the north and east of Greenland where people still have the traditional diet."This has become a critical question of people´s survival but few governments want to talk a-bout the problem of hormone mimickers because it means thinking about the chemicals you use. "I think they need to be tested much more stringendy before they are allowed on the market. "第66题Why are their more girls than boys born in some Arctic villages?____第67题How did man-made chemicals in women´s blood affect the sex of the unborn children?____第68题What is the case in Japan and the US had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged?____第69题How did scientists believe that a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment get to the Arctic?____第70题When is the full result for the widening of the survey expected to be published?____。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2013年真题
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.A man"s worth lies not so much in ______ he has as in ______ he is.（分数：0.50）A.that, thatB.that, whatC.what, thatD.what, what √解析：[解析] 句意：一个人的价值与其说在于他拥有什么，不如说他是什么。
not so much…as…与其……不如……。
本题考查宾语从句，所填词既要引导宾语从句，又要在宾语从句中作主语，只有“what”满足条件。
故选择D项。
2.She ran back into the room to see ______ he ______ anything behind.（分数：0.50）A.if, had forgottenB.if, had left √C.that, had forgottenD.that, had left解析：[解析] 句意：她跑回房间看他有没有落下什么东西。
根据句意判断宾语从句应由if“是否”来引导，并应为过去完成时态。
leave behind是固定搭配，意思是“丢下，落下”。
故选择B项。
3.Life, as the TV series demonstrates, is too complex for ______ endings.（分数：0.50）A.intricateB.ambiguousC.straightforward √D.recognizable解析：[解析] 句意：就像电视剧展现的那样，生活太复杂，往往不会有直截了当的结局。
too…for意为“对……来说太……”，含有否定意味。
intricate复杂的。
ambiguous模糊不清的，引起歧义的。
straightforward坦率的，径直的。
5.湖北地区院校英专考研翻译真题
人们时常会迷恋上一本好书， 有时候为了多读一页而误了飞机、 烧焦了饭菜， 或者熬到深夜不睡。但是， 书虫们能埋头读书， 不单单是因为文章本身写得好。印刷商早就明白， 书的美观程度对人们对这本书的关注 与否也有重大影响。 早在 ５ ０ ０ 多年前， 古腾堡就用活字印刷术组装出了第一台印刷机。从此之后， 排字工人就一直为选择字 母的合适大小、 是否要在书页下方加上花线来做衬线、 选择何种字体， 以及行间距设置多宽才能突显文字这 些问题而苦恼。 书本印刷精美， 读者就更容易沉浸其中。然而， 随着电脑的到来， 阅读变得十分困难起来。其中最大的 问题是分辨率— — —电脑屏幕上文字和图像的清晰度。耀眼的屏幕、 模糊的文字， 让读者头昏眼花， 这也是电 脑发展过程中的一大障碍。微软公司调查发现， 电脑文字的可读性非常差， 一般读者坚持读上三段后， 就会 立即把文字打出来看。 在其他人在浪费时间发明新技术来提高分辨率的时候， 微软公司却一直致力于新字体的研究， 让眼睛能 够更轻松地在电脑上阅读。但是， １ ９ ９ ４ 起担任微软公司印刷部总监的苏格兰人比尔·希尔认为弄清楚读者 在阅读过程中大脑的运作过程至关重要。他相信， 如果他可以模拟这样一种体验， 人们就会放弃传统书籍， 选择在电脑上阅读。 希尔在微软公司的网站上说， “ 这种电脑书籍的神奇之处在于， 你一边阅读， 书本随之消失。你根本觉察 不到它的存在， 因为真正的书本存在你的脑子里。它是如何做到的呢？ ”
湖北地区
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
题１ ．Ｔ ｒ ａ ｎ ｓ ｌ ａ ｔ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｆ ｏ ｌ ｌ ｏ ｗ ｉ ｎ ｇｐ ａ ｓ ｓ ａ ｇ ｅ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｏＣ ｈ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｅ ． （ 武汉大学 ２ ０ ０ ７ 研， 考试科目： 基础英语） Ｐ ｅ ｏ ｐ ｌ ｅｍ ｉ ｓ ｓ ｐ ｌ ａ ｎ ｅ ｓ ，ｂ ｕ ｒ ｎｄ ｉ ｎ ｎ ｅ ｒ ， ａ ｎ ｄｓ ｔ ａ ｙ ｕ ｐｗ ａ ｙ ｐ ａ ｓ ｔ ｂ ｅ ｄ ｔ ｉ ｍ ｅ ｊ ｕ ｓ ｔ ｔ ｏ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄｏ ｎ ｅ ｍ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｐ ａ ｇ ｅ ｏ ｆ ａ ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄｂ ｏ ｏ ｋ ． Ｂ ｕ ｔ ｉ ｔ ’ ｓ ｎ ｏ ｔ ｊ ｕ ｓ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｑ ｕ ａ ｌ ｉ ｔ ｙ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｓ ｅ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｃ ａ ｕ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｗ ｏ ｒ ｍｔ ｏ ｂ ｕ ｒ ｒ ｏ ｗｓ ｏ ｄ ｅ ｅ ｐ ｌ ｙ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｏ ａ ｂ ｏ ｏ ｋ ． Ａ ｓ ｔ ｙ ｐ ｏ ｇ ｒ ａ ｐ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｌ ｏ ｎ ｇ ｋ ｎ ｏ ｗ ｎ ，ｔ ｈ ｅａ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｃ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｐ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｈ ａ ｓ ａ ｌ ｏ ｔ ｔ ｏ ｄ ｏ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｈｋ ｅ ｅ ｐ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｙ ｅ ｏ ｎｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ａ ｇ ｅ ． Ｓ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｅ Ｇ ｕ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｂ ｅ ｒ ｇ ｐ ｕ ｔ ｔ ｏ ｇ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｆ ｉ ｒ ｓ ｔ ｐ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｓ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｈ ｍ ｏ ｖ ａ ｂ ｌ ｅ ｔ ｙ ｐ ｅ ｍ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｔ ｈ ａ ｎ ５ ０ ０ｙ ｅ ａ ｒ ｓ ａ ｇ ｏ ， ｔ ｙ ｐ ｅ ｓ ｅ ｔ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ａ ｇ ｏ ｎ ｉ ｚ ｅ ｄｏ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｏ ｐ ｔ ｉ ｍ ｕ ｍｐ ｏ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｓ ｉ ｚ ｅｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅｌ ｅ ｔ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｓ ，ｗ ｈ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｙｓ ｈ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄｈ ａ ｖ ｅｔ ｈ ｏ ｓ ｅｃ ｕ ｒ ｌ ｉ ｃ ｕ ｅ ｓ （ 花线）ｏ ｎｔ ｈ ｅｅ ｎ ｄ ｓ ｃ ａ ｌ ｌ ｅ ｄｓ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｆ ｓ （ 衬线） ， ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ｓ ｔ ｙ ｌ ｅ ｏ ｆ ｆ ｏ ｎ ｔ ｔ ｏ ｃ ｈ ｏ ｏ ｓ ｅ ， ａ ｎ ｄ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｃ ｉ ｓ ｅ ａ ｍ ｏ ｕ ｎ ｔ ｏ ｆ ｗ ｈ ｉ ｔ ｅ ｓ ｐ ａ ｃ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｄ ｅ ｄ ｂ ｅ ｔ ｗ ｅ ｅ ｎ ｌ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ｔ ｏ ｍ ａ ｋ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｗ ｏ ｒ ｄ ｓ ｓ ｔ ａ ｎ ｄｏ ｕ ｔ ． Ｐ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｇ ｏ ｔ ｓ ｏｇ ｏ ｏ ｄｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｆ ｏ ｕ ｎ ｄｉ ｔ ｅ ａ ｓ ｉ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｏｉ ｍ ｍ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｅｔ ｈ ｅ ｍ ｓ ｅ ｌ ｖ ｅ ｓ ｉ ｎａｂ ｏ ｏ ｋ ．Ｂ ｕ ｔ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｈｔ ｈ ｅａ ｄ ｖ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｃ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｕ ｔ ｅ ｒ ，ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｂ ｅ ｃ ａ ｍ ｅ ｉ ｎ ｆ ｉ ｎ ｉ ｔ ｅ ｌ ｙ ｍ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｄ ｉ ｆ ｆ ｉ ｃ ｕ ｌ ｔ ．Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｂ ｉ ｇ ｇ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｂ ｌ ｅ ｍｗ ａ ｓ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｌ ｕ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ —ｔ ｈ ｅ ｃ ｌ ａ ｒ ｉ ｔ ｙ ｏ ｆ ｗ ｏ ｒ ｄ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄｉ ｍ ａ ｇ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｎｔ ｈ ｅ ｓ ｃ ｒ ｅ ｅ ｎ ． Ａｂ ｉ ｇ ｓ ｔ ｕ ｍ ｂ ｌ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｂ ｌ ｏ ｃ ｋ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｕ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｖ ｏ ｌ ｕ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｗ ａ ｓ ｆ ｕ ｚ ｚ ｙ ｌ ｅ ｔ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｓ ａ ｒ ｒ ａ ｎ ｇ ｅ ｄ ｏ ｎ ｇ ｌ ａ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｓ ｃ ｒ ｅ ｅ ｎ ｓ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｌ ｅ ｆ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｈａ ｂ ｌ ｉ ｎ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇｈ ｅ ａ ｄ ａ ｃ ｈ ｅ ．Ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ａ ｂ ｉ ｌ ｉ ｔ ｙ ｉ ｓ ｓ ｏ ｐ ｏ ｏ ｒ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ，ａ ｃ ｃ ｏ ｒ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｔ ｏ Ｍ ｉ ｃ ｒ ｏ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ，ｔ ｈ ｅ ａ ｖ ｅ ｒ ａ ｇ ｅ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｈ ｉ ｔ ｓ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｂ ｕ ｔ ｔ ｏ ｎａ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｊ ｕ ｓ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｒ ｅ ｅ ｐ ａ ｒ ａ ｇ ｒ ａ ｐ ｈ ｓ ． Ａ ｓ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｗ ｏ ｒ ｌ ｄｆ ｉ ｄ ｄ ｌ ｅ ｄｗ ｉ ｔ ｈｎ ｅ ｗｔ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｎ ｏ ｌ ｏ ｇ ｉ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｗ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄｐ ｒ ｏ ｖ ｉ ｄ ｅ ｈ ｉ ｇ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｌ ｕ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ，Ｍ ｉ ｃ ｒ ｏ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｗ ａ ｓ ｗ ｏ ｒ ｋ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｏ ｎｎ ｅ ｗｆ ｏ ｎ ｔ ｓ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｗ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄｍ ａ ｋ ｅ ｉ ｔ ｅ ａ ｓ ｉ ｅ ｒ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｙ ｅ ｔ ｏ ｆ ｏ ｃ ｕ ｓ ｏ ｎａ ｃ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｕ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｃ ｒ ｅ ｅ ｎ ．Ｂ ｕ ｔ Ｂ ｉ ｌ ｌ Ｈ ｉ ｌ ｌ ，ａ Ｓ ｃ ｏ ｔ ｈ ｉ ｒ ｅ ｄｉ ｎ １ ９ ９ ４ｔ ｏ ｈ ｅ ａ ｄＭ ｉ ｃ ｒ ｏ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ’ ｓ ｔ ｙ ｐ ｏ ｇ ｒ ａ ｐ ｈ ｙｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ，ｗ ａ ｎ ｔ ｅ ｄｔ ｏ ｋ ｎ ｏ ｗｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ｗ ａ ｓ ｇ ｏ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｏ ｎｉ ｎｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｓ ’ｂ ｒ ａ ｉ ｎ ｓ ｗ ｈ ｅ ｎｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇａ ｂ ｏ ｏ ｋ ．Ｈ ｅ ｗ ａ ｓ ｃ ｏ ｎ ｖ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｅ ｄｐ ｅ ｏ ｐ ｌ ｅ ｗ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄｓ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｃ ｈｆ ｒ ｏ ｍｐ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｅ ｄｐ ａ ｇ ｅ ｔ ｏ ｓ ｃ ｒ ｅ ｅ ｎｉ ｆ ｈ ｅ ｃ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄｄ ｕ ｐ ｌ ｉ ｃ ａ ｔ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｘ ｐ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｅ ． “ Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｍ ａ ｇ ｉ ｃ ａ ｌ ｔ ｈ ｉ ｎ ｇ ａ ｂ ｏ ｕ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅｂ ｏ ｏ ｋｉ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｄ ｉ ｓ ａ ｐ ｐ ｅ ａ ｒ ｓ ｗ ｈ ｅ ｎｙ ｏ ｕｒ ｅ ａ ｄｉ ｔ ．Ｙ ｏ ｕ ’ ｒ ｅｎ ｏ ｔ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｎａ ｗ ａ ｒ ｅｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅｂ ｏ ｏ ｋｂ ｅ ｃ ａ ｕ ｓ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅｒ ｅ ａ ｌ ｂ ｏ ｏ ｋｉ ｓ ｇ ｏ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｏ ｎｉ ｎｙ ｏ ｕ ｒ ｈ ｅ ａ ｄ ．Ｈ ｏ ｗｄ ｏ ｅ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｄ ｏ ｉ ｔ ？ ”Ｈ ｉ ｌ ｌ ｓ ａ ｙ ｓ ｏ ｎｔ ｈ ｅ Ｍ ｉ ｃ ｒ ｏ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ Ｗｅ ｂｓ ｉ ｔ ｅ ．
武汉大学翻译硕士真题
翻译硕士英语：（考纲上写的听力没有考）一：20分。
单选 40个二：10分。
改错一篇文章10个错误（是一篇专八的真题，很久前看过，没复习肠子都悔青了···）三：40分。
阅读理解分A,B两部分A：30分。
4篇文章，每篇5个单项选择题，共20个题，每题1.5分B：10分。
1篇文章，5个问答题，每题2分，要求答案不超过10个单词四：30分。
作文讲的是大学教育。
说一部分人认为大学教育的最主要目的是为了找好工作，另一部分人认为是为了个人发展和社会。
请陈述两种观点，最后还要说说自己的看法。
英语翻译基础：一：30分（不好意思这题没什么逻辑，实在记不全，以后想起来我再慢慢写完）A：15个英译汉：GNP，UNCF，CPI，UNESCO，ASEAN，OPEC，lingua franka，foreignizing method，polysysterm thory，intersemiotic translation，B：15个汉翻译：转变政府职能，民族先知，全面战略伙伴关系，第三产业，生态补偿机制，虚拟经济，二：120分段落翻译A：60分。
英翻汉（奥巴马就职演讲的几段）I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against afar-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America’s declin e is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.B:汉翻英（夏衍《野草》中的几段）有人问：世界上什么东西的气力最大？回答纷纭的很，有的说“象”，有的说“狮”，有人开玩笑似的说：是“金刚”，金刚有多少气力，当然大家全不知道。
武汉大学研一汉译英全版
1、走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕。
共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件的先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展起来的地区，最终达到共同富裕。
解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。
To take the road to socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step.Our plan is as follow:where conditions permit,some areas may develop faster than others;those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind ,until all become progress…One way is for the areas that become prosperous frstt to support the poor oens by paying more taxes or turing in more profits to the state.2、要提倡科学，靠科学才有希望We must promote science ,for that is where our hope lies.3、现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。
Chian has bascilly achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage,and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development.4、社会主义用实践向世界表明，中国反对把霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。
2015年武汉大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含
2015年武汉大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 5. 应用文写作8. 命题作文单项选择题1．“水则载舟，水则覆舟”是我国古代思想史上( )提出的著名论点。
A．老子B．孟子C．荀子D．墨子正确答案：C解析：“水则载舟，水则覆舟”出自《荀子·王制》。
“传日：‘君者舟也，庶人者水也，水则载舟，水则覆舟。
’此之谓也。
”比喻民可拥护君主，也能推翻君主。
荀子，字卿，战国时期人，著名思想家、文学家、政治家，儒家代表人物之一，时人尊称“荀卿”。
荀子提出“性恶论”。
2．中国第一个全国性的统一的资产阶级革命政党是( )。
A．兴中会B．同盟会C．国民党D．文学社正确答案：B解析：本题考查对同盟会成立史实的认识。
1905年，孙中山在日本的东京成立了中国同盟会，会上确立了“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，创立民国，平均地权”的十六字纲领，后来发展成为三民主义。
中国同盟会是第一个全国规模的资产阶级革命政党。
同盟会的成立，标志着中国的资产阶级民主革命进入一个新阶段。
3．雨果曾愤怒地谴责道：“两个强盗走向圆明园：一个抢了东西，一个放了火……”这两个强盗是( )。
A．英国和法国B．英国和美国C．美国和俄国D．法国和俄国正确答案：A解析：题干中雨果所描述的是第二次鸦片战争期间英法联军攻进北京，火烧圆明园的情形，故本题选A项。
本题难度较小，主要考查学生对历史知识的识记能力。
4．根茨勒在其《当代翻译理论》一书中对翻译流派的划分不包括( )。
A．翻译科学学派B．美国翻译培训学派C．解构主义学派D．描写翻译学派正确答案：D解析：埃德温.根茨勒(Edward Gentzler)在其专著《当代翻译理论》(1993)中依据各流派采用的研究方法和依据的理论来源，将当代译论划分为五大流派，分别是：美国翻译培训派、翻译科学派、早期翻译研究派、多元体系派、解构主义派。
故本题答案为D项。
5．在我国历史上，( )第一次把“教”与“育”两个字连用，以“得天下英才而教育之”为君子三乐之一。
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武汉大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
武汉大学（回忆）
翻译硕士英语
一、单选（40*0.5）
二、改错一篇文章10个错误（是一篇专八的真题•••）
三、阅读理解分A,B两部分（40’）：
A：30分。
4篇文章，每篇5个单项选择题，共20个题，每题1.5分
B：10分。
1篇文章，5个问答题，每题2分，要求答案不超过10个单词
四、作文（30’）:
讲的是大学教育。
说一部分人认为大学教育的最主要目的是为了找好工作，另一部分人认为
是为了个人发展和社会。
请陈述两种观点，最后还要说说自己的看法。
英语翻译基础
一、30分：
A：15个英译汉：GNP，UNCF，CPI，UNESCO，ASEAN，OPEC，lingua franka，foreignizing method，polysysterm thory，intersemiotic translation
B：15个汉翻译：转变政府职能，民族先知，全面战略伙伴关系，第三产业，生态补偿机制，虚拟经济
二、段落翻译（120’）
A：60分，英翻汉（奥巴马就职演讲的几段）：
I stand here today humbled by the task before us,grateful for the trust you have bestowed,mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation,as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath.The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet,every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office,but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers,and true to our founding documents.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some,but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis,subject to data and statistics.Less measurable
but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable,and that the next generation must lower its sights.
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real.They are serious and they are many.They will not be met easily or in a short span of time.But know this, America-they will be met.
B:汉翻英（夏衍《野草》中的几段）：
有人问：世界上什么东西的气力最大？回答纷纭的很，有的说“象”，有的说“狮”，有人开玩笑似的说是“金刚”，金刚有多少气力，当然大家全不知道。
这，也许特殊了一点、常人不容易理解，那么，你看见笋的成长吗？你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗？他为着向往阳光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管上面的石块如何重，石块与石块之间如何狭，它必定要曲曲折折地，但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来，它的根往土壤钻，它的芽望地面挺，这是—种不可抗的力，阻止它的石块，结果也被它掀翻,一粒种子的力量，如此巨大。
没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。
这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。
种于不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨炼。
生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可为傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。
汉语写作与百科知识
一、单选（25*2）：
内容涉及法律，政治，哲学，地理，物理，翻译常识等等，没有文学方面的。
其中没有考到
中国文学史那本书，翻译史那本考了5个题，其他都靠平时积累。
二、应用文写作
你是某市政府的一名职员，现在该市政府的外交-亚非事务处有一副处长职位空缺，请你写一篇竞聘演讲稿，不少于600字。
三、议论文写作：
先给了犀利哥的例子，很长的一篇文章。
犀利哥的走红，人们的不正常追捧。
而犀利哥只是被人们推到媒体前的可怜人，对于人们的骚扰，他情绪失控，狂怒，走红不是他本意，是人们扭曲的价值观导致的，他只是一个可怜的乞丐。
媒体着力渲染他的着装，说他是混搭风格，引导了不正常的观念。
最后又提到了鲁迅先生那段话，就是去年议论文的作文题寂寞（这点我很诧异），不少于1000字。
（个人认为着重点是现在的人们精神上的堕落和麻木，社会上出现的不正常之风等等）
汉语写作与百科知识
一、单选（25*2）：
内容涉及法律，政治，哲学，地理，物理，翻译常识等等，没有文学方面的。
其中没有考到中国文学史那本书，翻译史那本考了5个题，其他都靠平时积累。
二、应用文写作
你是某市政府的一名职员，现在该市政府的外交-亚非事务处有一副处长职位空缺，请你写一篇竞聘演讲稿，不少于600字。
三、议论文写作：
先给了犀利哥的例子，很长的一篇文章。
犀利哥的走红，人们的不正常追捧。
而犀利哥只是被人们推到媒体前的可怜人，对于人们的骚扰，他情绪失控，狂怒，走红不是他本意，是人们扭曲的价值观导致的，他只是一个可怜的乞丐。
媒体着力渲染他的着装，说他是混搭风格，引导了不正常的观念。
最后又提到了鲁迅先生那段话，就是去年议论文的作文题寂寞（这点我很诧异），不少于1000字。
（个人认为着重点是现在的人们精神上的堕落和麻木，社会上出现的不正常之风等等）。