OPTIMIZING GATE ASSIGNMENTS AT AIRPORT TERMINALS
英语作文-航空公司的航班准点率如何提高,保障游客行程
英语作文-航空公司的航班准点率如何提高，保障游客行程In the fast-paced world of air travel, the punctuality of flights is a cornerstone of airline reliability and customer satisfaction. Ensuring that flights depart and arrive on time is a multifaceted challenge that involves various stakeholders, including airport authorities, airline companies, and air traffic control. To improve the on-time performance of flights, airlines can adopt several strategies that not only enhance operational efficiency but also safeguard passengers' schedules.Streamlining Ground Operations。
Ground operations are critical to timely departures. Airlines can invest in training for ground staff to ensure swift and efficient handling of check-ins, baggage processing, and boarding procedures. Implementing advanced baggage handling systems and optimizing gate assignments can also reduce turnaround times.Enhancing Fleet Maintenance。
英语口语话题：在机场(at the airport)
Dialogue 1 at the check-in counter
A: Morning, sir. B: Morning, I’d like to check-in. This is my passport and
e-ticket. A: OK, Sir, just a second. Aisle or window seat? B: Window seat, please. A: Do you have any luggage? B: Yes. This is my carry-on luggage and I'll check in this
4. when you cross over a number of time zones at once, you always have _j_e_t_l_ag__
5. There was a mechanical problem, and we ended up with a twohour__d_e_la_y__
luggage. A: Please put your luggage on the scale. A: Sir, here is your boarding card. Please keep your
Window seat
CABIN CREW 乘务人员
STEWARDESS (STEWARDESSES)空姐 STEWARD/S男乘务员
Fasten your seatbelt
Life-vest救生衣
landing card/ arrival card/ entry card 入境卡
Baggage claim area领取行李处
Buy presents from duty-free shops免税店
Airport announcements
Air Announcements 机场通知1、CAAC announces the departure of Flight 454 to Sydney ,Will passengers for this flight pleasego to Gate 7.中国民航飞往悉尼德454次航班就要起飞了,请乘坐这次航班的乘客到7号门登机.2、This is the final call for TG Flight 260 ,now boarding at Gate 14.这是对乘坐泰航260次航班乘客的最后一次呼叫,现在经14号门登机.3、United Airlines announces the departure of Flight 41 to San Francisco .passengers arerequested to go to Gate 11 immediately where this flight is now boarding.联合航空公司飞往旧金山的41次航班就要起飞.请乘坐这次航班的乘客马上到11号门登机.4、Attemtion,please.British Airways Flight 602 from Melbourne now arriving at Gate 4.请注意,英国航空公司来自墨尔本的602次航班已停靠4号登机门.5、Your attention ,please. Central Airlines Flight 401 for Chicago. Now boarding at Gate 3.请注意:中央航空公司飞往芝加哥的401航班,现在请到3号门登机.6、Passengers from Bangkok to Singapore . Flight TG927 is leaving in 15minutes. Please haveyour boarding cards ready and go through Gate 2 .we wish you a please journey. Good-bye.由曼谷到新加坡的旅客们注意,泰国航空公司航班第927次班机再过15分钟就要起飞,请大家准备好登机卡,从2号门上机.祝旅客们旅途愉快.再见!7、Attention.please .The plane about to land is Flight TG328 from Shanghai. due at 16:30.请注意,从上海飞来的泰国航空公司的第328次班机,即将于16:30分正点着陆.8、Passengers from Beijing. You have arrived at Thailand’s capital ,Bangkok. Please proceed tothe luggage claim area to get your luggage.请从北京来的旅客们请注意,你们已经到达泰国首都曼谷,请去行李房取行李.9、Your attention please. Flight BA328 from London will be one hour late on account of big fog.旅客们请注意,有伦敦飞来的英国航空公司的第328次班机因为大雾天气,将要晚点一个小时到达.10/ Passengers waiting for their connecting flight to Singapore please wait at Gate 18.your flight is to start in two hours’time. Think you.要转机去新加坡的乘客请到18号门.你们的航班将在2小时内起飞,谢谢!。
基于 GSAA 的停机位指派优化问题的研究
基于GSAA的停机位指派优化问题的研究鞠姝妹1，许俐（南京航空航天大学民航学院， 南京 210016）摘 要：停机位的合理指派是机场地面作业中的一项核心任务，对减少枢纽机场航班中转时间起着重要作用，但是停机位指派问题是NP难问题，模型和算法都比较复杂。
本文建立了以旅客满意度为优化目标的数学模型，并设计了一种贪婪模拟退火算法（GSAA），以求解枢纽机场的停机位指派问题。
该算法首先根据贪婪算法FCFS 准则使“丢失”的航班数最少得到模拟退火算法的初始解，然后运用经典模拟退火算法求解出最优指派结果。
数值仿真证明了模型和算法的有效性。
关键词：枢纽机场；停机位指派；旅客满意度；贪婪模拟退火算法Airport Gate Assignment Problem based on GSAAJU Shumei, XU Li(School of Civil Aviation，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China)Abstract: Airport gate assignment is a key task among the airport ground work which is important to reduce transfer time in hub airports. However, the gate assignment problem (GAP) is an NP-hard problem, its models and algorithms are complex. This paper proposed a model and a new greedy simulated annealing algorithm (GSAA) to resolve the GAP. The initial solution of the proposed algorithm is obtained through FCFS criterion of greedy method to minimize the “dropping” flights, and then the optimal solution is got by the traditional simulated annealing algorithm. Simulation result shows the validity of the model and the algorithm.Key words: hub airport; gate assignment problem; the degree of passenger satisfaction; greedy simulated annealing algorithm1 引言停机位分配是指，在考虑机型大小、停机位大小、航班时刻等因素的情况下，在一定时限范围内，由机场生产指挥中心为到港和离港航班指定适宜的登机口，保证航班正常不延误，为旅客上下航班提供登机门[1]。
人教版PEP四年级下册英语Unit12Attheairport-全单元教材分析
人教版PEP四年级下册英语Unit12Attheairport-全单元教材分析人教版PEP四年级下册英语Unit12 “At the airport” —全单元教材分析1. 单元概述人教版PEP四年级下册英语Unit12 “At the airport” 主要围绕机场场景展开，通过描述人物和活动，让学生掌握与机场相关的词汇和表达方式，并能够运用所学的句型进行简单的交流。
本单元的主题和语境贴近学生的生活，有助于激发他们的研究兴趣，同时提高他们的语言运用能力。
2. 教学目标a) 知识目标- 能听懂、会说、会读本单元的生词和重点句子。
- 掌握与机场相关的词汇，如：flight, airport, gate, passport, visa 等。
- 理解并能够运用本单元所学的句型进行交流。
b) 能力目标- 能够运用所学的词汇和句型描述机场场景和人物。
- 能够听懂、会说简单的机场场景对话。
c) 情感目标- 培养学生对英语研究的兴趣，增强自信心。
- 培养学生与人交流的能力，提高他们的交际技巧。
3. 教学内容a) 语言点- 词汇：flight, airport, gate, passport, visa, terminal, security check 等。
- 句型：- What time is your flight?- - My flight departs at / arrives at ...- - I have to check in / go through security ...b) 对话内容- 对话1：描述一个人的机场行程，包括办理登机手续、通过安检等。
- 对话2：询问和回答关于航班时间的信息。
4. 教学策略a) 交际式教学法通过模拟机场场景，让学生在实际语境中练英语，提高他们的交际能力。
b) 任务型教学法布置相关的任务，如：制定机场行程、描述人物等，让学生在完成任务的过程中运用所学知识。
c) 合作研究组织学生进行小组讨论和对话练，培养他们的团队合作精神和语言运用能力。
【教案】六年级英语上册Lesson1AttheAirport冀教版(三起)
教案：六年级英语上册Lesson 1 At the Airport（冀教版）一、教学目标1. 知识目标（1）能够听懂、会说、会读本课的生词和重点句子。
（2）能够运用所学知识介绍机场的场景和人物。
2. 能力目标（1）能够正确使用疑问词who, what, where等询问和回答问题。
（2）能够用英语进行简单的日常交流。
3. 情感目标培养学生的观察力和想象力，提高他们对英语学习的兴趣。
二、教学内容本课主要介绍了机场的场景和人物，包括乘客、机场工作人员等。
学生通过学习本课的生词和句子，能够运用疑问词who, what, where等进行简单的询问和回答。
三、教学重点与难点1. 重点：本课生词和句子的学习和运用。
2. 难点：疑问词who, what, where等的正确使用。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体课件、录音机、磁带。
2. 学具：课本、练习册、铅笔、橡皮。
五、教学过程1. 导入：教师通过提问，引导学生思考机场的场景和人物，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 新课呈现：教师使用多媒体课件展示机场的场景和人物，引导学生学习本课的生词和句子。
3. 听力训练：教师播放磁带，学生听录音，跟读并模仿发音。
4. 口语练习：教师组织学生进行角色扮演，模拟机场的场景，运用所学知识进行交流。
5. 课堂巩固：教师给出情景，学生运用疑问词who, what, where 等提问并回答。
6. 课后作业：学生完成练习册的相关练习。
六、板书设计板书设计如下：Who What WherePassenger StewardessAirport Terminal Gate七、作业设计1. 抄写本课生词和句子，每个词和句子写两遍。
2. 运用疑问词who, what, where等，写一篇关于机场的小短文。
八、课后反思本节课通过多媒体课件和角色扮演等教学手段，激发了学生的学习兴趣，使他们能够在轻松愉快的氛围中学习英语。
但在课堂巩固环节，学生的回答不够积极，需要进一步加强口语训练。
怎么增加机场容量英文作文
怎么增加机场容量英文作文英文：Increasing airport capacity is a challenge that many cities and countries face as air travel continues to growin popularity. There are several ways to increase airport capacity, and I will discuss a few of them below.Firstly, building new runways and terminals is one way to increase capacity. This is a costly option, but it can provide a significant increase in the number of flightsthat can be accommodated. For example, London Heathrow Airport is currently building a third runway to increaseits capacity.Secondly, optimizing the use of existing infrastructure is another way to increase capacity. This can be done by improving air traffic control systems, using larger planes, and reducing turnaround times for flights. For example, some airlines have started using the Airbus A380, a largerplane that can carry more passengers, to increase capacity without needing to build new infrastructure.Thirdly, using technology to improve efficiency can also increase capacity. For example, self-check-in kiosks and automated baggage systems can reduce wait times and increase the number of passengers that can be processed. Additionally, using data analytics to optimize flight schedules and gate assignments can help airlines and airports make better use of their resources.In conclusion, increasing airport capacity is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. Building new infrastructure, optimizing existing infrastructure, and using technology are all viable options to increase capacity and meet the growing demand for air travel.中文：增加机场容量是许多城市和国家面临的挑战，随着空中旅行的普及，这一问题变得越来越紧迫。
Flight gate scheduling State-of-the-art and recent developments
Omega35(2007)326–334/locate/omegaFlight gate scheduling:State-of-the-art and recent developmentsଁUlrich Dorndorf a,Andreas Drexl b,Yury Nikulin b,∗,Erwin Pesch ca INFORM GmbH,Pascalstr23,52076Aachen,Germanyb Christian-Albrechts-Universita¨t zu Kiel,Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre,Olshausenstr40,24118Kiel,Germanyc Universita¨t Siegen,Institut für Wirtschaftswissenschaften,Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsinformatik,Hölderlinstr3,57068Siegen,GermanyReceived31January2005;accepted7July2005Available online6September2005AbstractThis paper surveys a large variety of mathematical models and up-to-date solution techniques developed for solving a generalflight gate scheduling problem that deals with assigning different aircraft activities(arrival,departure and intermediate parking)to distinct aircraft stands or gates.The aim of the work is both to present various models and solution techniques which are available in nowadays literature and to give a general idea about new open problems that arise in practise.We restrict the scope of the paper toflight gate management without touching scheduling of ground handling operations.᭧2005Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.Keywords:Air transport;Flight gate scheduling;Assignment of aircraft;Activities to terminals;Survey of models and algorithms1.IntroductionDue to the growth of air transport traffic(it has roughly doubled since the early1980s)techniques for managing and allocating airport and airline resources in a dynamic oper-ational environment effectively and efficiently have gainedan ever-increasing interest.Strong competition between air-lines and the demand of passengers for more comfort have lead to complex planning problems that require new mod-els and methods.The scheduling problems nowadays facedby airport and air-line managers are even more complicated than most other traditional scheduling problems.This factcan be easily explained.First of all,a wide range of resource modules apparently have to be considered:flights,terminals,ଁThis work has been supported by the German Science Foun-dation(DFG)through the grant“Planung der Bodenabfertigung an Flughäfen’’(Dr170/9-1,9-2and Pe514/10-2).∗Corresponding author.Tel.:+494318805397.E-mail addresses:ulrich.dorndorf@(U.Dorndorf),andreas.drexl@bwl.uni-kiel.de(A.Drexl),nkln@(Y.Nikulin),pesch@fb5.uni-siegen.de(E.Pesch). 0305-0483/$-see front matter᭧2005Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.omega.2005.07.001crews,baggage etc.Moreover,decisions about the usage of these resources influence each other,that is,the resources are highly interdependent.As a consequence these modules set up the basis of a complex resource management system for airports and airlines of any size.This paper surveys a large variety of mathematical models and techniques developed for solving a generalflight gate scheduling problem.In doing so we do not restrict ourself to collecting various models and solution techniques which are available in the open literature.We also intend to give an idea about new open problems arising in practice.In particular, we concentrate on issues concerning robust scheduling and generating stable assignments.The paper is organized as follows:In Section2we detail the problem setting under consideration.A rough classi-fication offlight gate scheduling problems is proposed in Section3while a brief literature review is presented in Section4.Section5presents two particularly interesting approaches that have recently been proposed,based on quadratic assignment model and multi-mode scheduling for-mulation,respectively.A short description of new research directions is given in Section6,along with some concluding remarks.U.Dorndorf et al./Omega35(2007)326–3343272.Problem settingThere are several major classes of decisions for which air-line and airport management is responsible:crew schedul-ing,disruption management,airlinefleet assignment,air-craft scheduling and rotation,ground operations scheduling and some others that can be modeled as traditional ma-chine scheduling problems.Nevertheless,one of the most important and most complicated airport management topics isflight gate scheduling.The main purpose of gate scheduling is tofind an as-signment offlights,or rather of the aircraft serving aflight, to aircraft stands,as well as start and completion times for processing an aircraft at the position it has been assigned to.Aircraft stands at the terminal and off-pier stands on the apron are often simply referred to as“gates’’.Of course,a gate assignment must be suitable for airport services and convenient for passengers.A well-constructed schedule must satisfy a set of strict rules and constraints:1.one gate can process only one aircraft at the same time,2.service requirements and space restrictions with respectto adjacent gates must be fulfilled,3.minimum ground time and minimum time between sub-sequent aircraft have to be assured.Typical objectives are:1.the number of un-gated(open)aircraft activities has tobe minimized,2.preferences of certain aircraft for particular gates have tobe maximized,3.the total walking distance for passengers has to be min-imized,4.the deviation of the current schedule from a referenceschedule has to be minimized in order to increase sched-ule attractiveness and passenger comfort,5.the number of expensive aircraft towing procedures(thatotherwise decrease the available time for some ground service operations on the ramp as well as in the terminal) has to be minimized.Some special soft or strict constraints may also be intro-duced(see e.g.[1–4]).For example,the assignment of a large aircraft to a particular gate may imply that neighbor-ing gates can only accept aircraft of a certain size or are even completely blocked.All these requirements make a gate scheduling problem very complicated both from a theoretical and a practical point of view.In fact,the multiple criteria and multiple con-straints nature of the problem make it very unlikely that an optimal solution can be found and verified.Therefore, one has to determine a solution that provides an appropri-ate compromise between all the different objectives while assuring a set of hard constraints.Moreover,any practical gate scheduling instance of a big international airport usu-ally has to deal with a large number of daily aircraft activ-ities(around1000)which have to be assigned to a pretty large number(around100)of differentflight gates.The basic input data for gate scheduling is aflight time-table with arrival and departure times and additional speci-fications offlights:the origin and destination of aflight,the type of aircraft,the number of passengers,the cargo vol-ume,the type offlight(domestic or international)as well as gate preferences,required airport services and inspection facilities.It is worth pointing to—from a practical point of view—one of the most important issues of gate scheduling: a gate schedule should be insensitive to small changes of input data;in other words scheduleflexibility is required. Obviously,the input data of anyflight gate scheduling prob-lem are subject to uncertainty and may change over time. Input data uncertainty in gate scheduling may have a cou-ple of reasons:(1)flight or gate breakdown,(2)flight earli-ness or tardiness,(3)emergencyflights,(4)severe weather conditions,(5)errors made by staff and many others.For example,a tardy arrival of one aircraft may generate a chain of delayed arrivals for other aircraft which have been as-signed to the same gate.In the worst case,this may lead to a“domino effect’’andfinally require a complete reschedul-ing,a fact which is absolutely undesirable.Obviously,reliability of input data in the complex sys-tem of a modern airport cannot be guaranteed.Hence,new gate scheduling techniques try tofind a schedule(being non-optimal but as close as possible to an optimal one),which has the property offlexibility to changes of input data.Flex-ible gate scheduling gives terminal operators the possibil-ity to react quickly and properly to accommodate necessary changes or updates in theflight schedule.Finally,an appro-priateflexible gate assignment is supposed also to have an impact on efficiency of airlines and airports business activ-ities as well as on passenger service satisfaction.3.ClassificationSince the early seventies a large number of papers has been written on different topics which have to be addressed by airport and airline managers.We refer the reader to the survey[5],where one canfind a comprehensive description of the scheduling problems arising in the airline industry (e.g.aircraft rotation,fleet assignment,crew scheduling).In turn,here we focus on a review of the literature concerning gate scheduling issues,a key activity in any airport. Flight gates are scarce and expensive resources.There-fore,it is very important to use the available gates in the best possible way.Flight gates are the major items addressed in the gate assignment problem(GAP).The basic constraints of the GAP are that one gate can only accommodate a sin-gle aircraft at a time and that twoflights must therefore not be assigned to the same gate if they overlap in time.In this328U.Dorndorf et al./Omega35(2007)326–334section we roughly classify some of the research directions in this area.Single or multiple time slot models.Gate assignment opti-mization models can be classified as single or multiple time slot models.Single time slot models consider the assign-ment of a batch offlights that arrive within a single given time period(slot)at gates.In this case only oneflight can be assigned to each gate.In multiple time slot models the entire time interval is divided into afixed number of time slots.The width of the time slots must be carefully selected because it influences the problem size as well as possible gate utilization.Types of objectives.Gate assignment optimization mod-els can be classified with respect to the main objectives considered.For example,passenger walking distance mini-mization is the most frequently used goal,present not only in gate assignment,but also in the design of airport termi-nals.This objective is easily motivated and clearly under-stood,but it leads to models which can hardly be solved.At the same time,there exists a large variety of different ob-jectives,the consideration of which is at least as important as total walking distance minimization.All these objectives can be divided into two big classes:passenger-oriented and airport-oriented objectives.For example,Teodorovic et al. focus on total passenger delay and the number offlights cancellations in the case of irregularity offlights(see[6,7]). In turn,Chang[8]considers the distance passengers have to carry their baggage as an objective in addition to passen-ger walking distance.In contrast to previous ones,airport-oriented objectives like total gate preferences,number of aircraft towing procedures and others can be addressed. Mathematical models.It is well-known,that the single-slot GAP can be modeled in analogy to the NP-hard quadratic assignment problem[9–11]which is a facility location problem where the cost of placing aflight at a gate depends on the placement of other facilities and transport volume between two facilities(see also[12]). Additionally,the single time slot GAP can be stated as a linear integer program[13]with the objective of minimizing the total walking distance for arriving and departing pas-sengers.In[14]an integer program with an extended objec-tive function that takes into account transfer of passengers is proposed.Haghani and Chen[4]formulate a multiple time slot ver-sion of the GAP with the objective of passenger walking and baggage transport distance minimization as an integer program.They introduce time-indexed binary variables that indicate the assignment of a particularflight to some gate in a given time slot.4.State-of-the-art algorithmsThere are two main research streams actively developed inflight gate scheduling:thefirst is based on mathematical programming techniques and the second is based on rule based expert systems.We start the review with mathematical programming techniques.Babic et al.[13]use branch and bound,with some en-hancements to accelerate computation,in order to deter-mine an optimal solution of the GAP.The objective is to reduce the number of passengers who have to walk maxi-mum distances—at the price that more passengers have to walk the minimum distances,compared to random aircraft position assignment.Contrary to[13]Mangoubi and Math-aisel[14]take into account transfer passengers.Moreover, they use the LP relaxation and greedy heuristics to solve the GAP.Bihr[15]uses0–1integer programming to solve the minimum walking distance gate assignment problem for fixed arrivals in a hub using a simplified formulation as an assignment problem.The aforementioned papers(as well as the approaches of[16,17]),head towards improved passenger satisfaction mainly by reducing passenger walking distance inside the terminal building.Unfortunately,the assignment is very sen-sitive with respect to small changes of theflight schedule. In turn,Wirasinghe and Bandara(see e.g.[18,19])addition-ally integrate the cost of delays to minimize intra-terminal travel in terminal design process.Furthermore,they employ an approximation algorithm in their analysis.Xu an Bailey[20]propose a tabu search algorithm for a single slot GAP with the objective function of minimizing the overall distances,that passengers have to walk in order to get connectingflights.The problem is formulated as a quadratic assignment problem and reformulated as a mixed 0–1integer linear program.A simple tabu search metaheuris-tic to solve the problem is developed.The algorithm exploits the special properties of different types of neighborhood moves,and creates effective candidate list strategies.Some computational experiments are presented and analyzed. Some models try to improve the performance of static gate assignment by taking into account stochasticflight de-lays(including early or late arrivals and late departures). For example,Hassounah and Steuart[21]show that planned buffer times could improve schedule punctuality.Yan and Chang[22]and Yan and Huo[23]use in their static gate assignment problems afixed buffer time between two con-tinuousflights assigned to the same gate in order to absorb the stochasticflight delays.Yan and Chang[22]develop a multi-commodity networkflow model.Moreover,they use Lagrangian relaxation with sub-gradient optimization and some heuristics to solve the GAP.Yan and Huo[23]formu-late a dual objective0–1integer programming model for the aircraft position allocation.Thefirst objective tries to min-imize passenger walking time while the second objective aims at minimizing passenger waiting times.The authors argue that,e.g.during peak hours,an aircraft might have to wait for an available gate,and hence passengers have to wait on the aircraft until a gate is available.In[24]the authors propose a simulation framework,that is not only able to analyze the effects of stochasticflight delays on static gate assignments(cf.[22,23,25]),but can also evaluateflexibleU.Dorndorf et al./Omega35(2007)326–334329buffer times and real-time gate assignment rules.In[26–28]a GAP where the number offlights exceeds the number of available gates is studied.The primary goals are to minimize the number of open(non-assigned)flights and the total connection times.A two-stage algorithm,which exploits both a greedy strategy to minimize the number of openflights and a tabu search metaheuristic improved by a new neighborhood search technique to minimize the total connection times,is proposed to solve the problem.We will consider this model in the next section in more details. Recently,some authors try to take into account the dy-namic character of the GAP.A delayed departure may delay the arrival of another aircraft scheduled to the same gate, or require theflight to be reassigned.When gate idle times are distributed uniformly among the gates,the probability that the delayed departure time will still be earlier than the arrival of the nextflight is maximized.One of thefirst at-tempts to realize an approach aiming at robust schedules is due to[1–3,29]where the authors propose to utilize gates as uniformly as possible to provide schedule robustness to small changes of input data.In[3]mathematical models and (optimal and heuristic)procedures are proposed to provide solutions with minimum dispersion of idle time periods for the GAP.The aircraft gate reassignment problem occurs when the departure of an incoming aircraft is delayed.If the delay is significant enough to delay the arrival of subsequent incom-ing aircraft at the assigned gate,the management must revise the gate assignment to minimize extra delay times.Two pa-pers describe approaches for solving the gate reassignment problem.In[30]a genetic algorithm is proposed which ef-ficiently calculates minimum extra delayed time schedules that are at least as effective as solutions generated by ex-perienced gate managers.In[31]an integral minimum cost networkflow model is introduced.This model aims at recon-structing airlines schedules in response to delays by trans-forming the routing problem into a time-based network in which the overall time horizon is divided in discrete periods. The transformation is polynomial with respect to the num-ber of airports andflights.An optimum of the new model corresponds to the optimal solution of the original problem under some slight conditions.The second mainstream research direction concentrates on simulation and rule based expert systems construction. While“traditional approaches utilizing classical operations research techniques have difficulty with uncertain infor-mation and multiple performance criteria and do not adapt well to the needs of real-time operations support’’(see [32]),alternatively,many authors focus on the design of so-called rule-based expert systems(see e.g.[33–40]).Based on the knowledge obtained from ground controllers,an ex-pert system uses production rules to produce assignments. Evidently,the number of factors to be taken into account is large.Therefore,the most crucial task is to identify all the rules,order them by importance and list these rules appropriately.Hamzwawi[37]introduces a rule based system for sim-ulating the assignment of gates toflights and for evaluating the effects of particular rules on gate utilization.Gosling [32]describes an expert system for gate assignment that has been implemented at a major hub of Denver Stapleton air-port.Srihari and Muthukrishnan[39]use a similar approach for solving the GAP and also describe how to apply sensi-tivity analysis.From a practical point of view,it is even more important to develop simple expert systems that make use of mathemat-ical programming techniques(branch and bound,dynamic programming,local search).Such an integration would help to create a gate scheduling system with the desiredflexibil-ity property.For example,Cheng[36,41–43]describes the integration of mathematical programming techniques into a knowledge-based gate assignment system to provide par-tial parallel assignments with multiple objectives.Both op-timization and rule based approaches have been combined with simulation analysis in[33,37].5.Recent developmentsIn this section we outline two new promising optimiza-tion models for gate scheduling.The choice of these two models is not occasional.The main drawback of all previ-ous models is that they do not take into account a real mul-tiple criteria nature of the problem.The models we propose are multiobjective,i.e.the proper solving of them provides a trade-off between several objectives which are usually in conflict.Finding such a compromise between several goals may positively influence passenger satisfaction withflight and save extra money for airport and airline companies.The first model we describe addresses two traditional goals of flight gate assignment.Thefirst goal is to assignflights to stand positions located directly at the terminal(and,hence, not to the apron).The second goal is to minimize the total passenger walking or baggage transportation distance.In the past the two goals were not considered together inside one model.Contrary to thefirst model,the second one uses a fairly large number of apron stands for passenger embarking and disembarking because of scarce terminal space.More-over,we suppose that one aircraft can be assigned to dif-ferent gates during its ground time.Such assumption gives more freedom for airport managers.For example,if one flight has a long ground time and the aircraft is assigned to a gate,which has to be used very often,then it can be temporally removed to another gate,which is currently can-not be used,or to the apron in order to make the gate free for other assignment.As well as thefirst model,the second one aims to optimize several objectives which are oriented on both passenger comfort and convenience for airport ser-vices.While thefirst model is considered to be classical,the second model can be treated as quite new and contemporary. Additionally,note that thefirst(second)model represents the strategy usually adopted for United States(European) airports.330U.Dorndorf et al./Omega35(2007)326–334 Model1.This model has been proposed by Ding et al.[26,27].Generally speaking,the airport gate assignmentproblem is modeled as a quadratic assignment problemwhere the objectives are to minimize the number of un-gatedflights and the total passenger walking distance(orequivalently,connection time).For the sake of shortnesswe will sketch the basic ideas of[26].When an aircraft arrives at the airport,it can be eitherassigned to the terminal gates or,if no terminal stand po-sition is available,it can be assigned to the apron standposition(the model does not distinguish between distinctoff-pier stands).All the terminal gates are usually equippedwith passenger bridges,whereas passengers fromflights as-signed to the apron can be transported to the terminal build-ing by transfer busses.Such bus connection may increaseconnection time and can hardly be regarded as desirable ifour goal is to minimize total passenger walking distance andconnection time.The following parameters are given:N:set offlights arriving at and/or departing fromthe airport,M:set of available gates at the airport,n:total number offlights,i.e.n=|N|,m:total number of gates,i.e.m=|M|,a i:arrival time offlight i,d i:departure time offlight i,d i>a i∀i,w k,l:walking distance for passengers from gate k togate l,f i,j:number of passengers transferring fromflight itoflight j.Additionally,two dummy gates are introduced.Gate0rep-resents the passenger entrance/exit of the airport.Gate m+1represents the apron whereflights arrive when no terminalgates are available.The binary variable y i,k=1denotes thatflight i is assigned to gate k,0<k m+1,and y i,k=0otherwise.Then the objectives can be expressed as follows:Minni=1y i,m+1Minni=1nj=1m+1k=1m+1l=1f i,j w k,l y i,k y j,l+n i=1m+1k=1f0,i w0,k y i,k+ni=1m+1k=1f i,0w k,0y i,k.Thefirst objective represents the number offlights which are not assigned to any terminal gate(i.e.,they are as-signed to the apron).The second objective represents the total passenger walking distance.It consists of three terms:the walking distance of transfer passengers,orig-inating departure passengers and disembarking arrival passengers.The set of restrictions is defined by the following system of constraints.Thefirst constraintm+1k=1y i,k=1,1 i nassures that everyflight must be assigned to exactly one gate including the apron.The second constrainty i,k y j,k(d j−a i)(d i−a j) 0,1 i,j n,k=m+1prohibits schedule overlapping of twoflights if they are assigned to the same gate.The last constrainty i,k∈{0,1},1 i n,1 k m+1defines the variables to be boolean.The mathematical model can also be supplemented with several observations.Firstly,it is very natural to put f ii=0. Secondly,in reality,for two distinctflights i and j,f ij and f ji are exclusive.If f ij>0then f ij=0and vice versa.The problem has been primarily attacked with greedy methods originally proposed by Xu and Bailey[20]to minimize thefirst objective.The basic idea is to sort all theflights according to departure times and then assign flights one by one to the earliest available gate.If no ter-minal gates are available for assignment,then theflight is assigned to dummy gate m+1.Then the second objective is addressed applying different meta heuristic approaches such as simulated annealing and tabu search.The main new contribution are so-called interval exchange moves. These particular moves generalize a technique proposed in [20],where three types of neighborhood moves have been investigated:insertion moves and two types of exchange moves.With this new approach,experimental results are obtained which are quite good in comparison with previous approaches.Model2.The purpose of the second model is to assign available airportflight gates to three possible aircraft ac-tivities(arrival;optional intermediate parking activity,the length of which depends on ground time;departure)and to schedule start and completion times of the activities at the positions.A detailed description can be found in[44]. Compared to previous models there are several new con-tributions.Firstly,the three activities are modeled separately and,hence,can potentially be assigned to different posi-tions.The aircraft can be moved to another assigned posi-tion using tow tractors,a procedure which is called tow-ing.Secondly,in contrast to the standard objective function commonly used(which minimizes passenger walking dis-tance)a complex objective function which is a combination of several partial objectives is introduced.U.Dorndorf et al./Omega 35(2007)326–334331Three objectives were considered to be most important after intensive discussions with airport managers:•maximization of total flight-gate preferences,•minimization of the number of towing activities and •minimization of the absolute deviation of the new gate assignment from a so-called reference schedule.It should be noted that the total objective only depends on the gate assignment and does not depend on the start and completion times of aircraft processing activities at the assigned positions.Moreover,the overall objective function takes into account both passenger comfort and convenience for airport services.The major idea behind the flight gate problem presented in [44]is that it can be modeled as a multi-mode (modes in the model represent flight gates)resource-constrained project scheduling problem with a multiple criteria objective func-tion (for resource-constrained project scheduling see,e.g.,the survey [45]).For readers convenience we shortly de-scribe the model,thus making our exposition self-contained.Each aircraft activity (arrival,departure or parking)i can be described by its start time S i and by its completion time C i .It is evident that the start time for an arrival activity and the completion time of a departure activity are fixed and given a priory according to some time-table.All other start and completion times are decision variables of the model.Let V denote the set of all activities as a unification of the sets of arrival,parking and departure activities,respectively,that is V =V a ∪V p ∪V d .Each activity i has a minimumrequired processing time p min i.Activity i can be assigned to different flight gates (that is,can be processed in modes)M i from the associated mode set M i which is a subset of the set of all possible modes M .To cope with the situation where the constraints do not allow to assign all aircraft to real gates,a fictitious gate 0with unlimited capacity is introduced.Every set M i contains this dummy gate,and an assignment to the dummy gate will be penalized in the objective function.If two linked activities are assigned to different flight gates,then they require a towing procedure in order to be moved from one position to another one.Two activities are linked if they are subsequently served by the same aircraft (e.g.arrival–parking or parking–departure).Towing takessome fixed processing time d tow iM ijM j.Let tow represent the set of linked activities.It follows that the completionand start times of two linked activities i and j should satisfythe equality C i +d tow iM ijM j=S j to provide continuousprocessing.Gates are disjunctive resources that can only process one aircraft at a time (the only exception is,of course,dummy gate 0).Between the processing of two activities i and jat the same gate a fixed setup time d setupiM ijM j∈N 0must pass.The setup time can reflect the time required to push back the first aircraft from the gate and for moving the sec-ond aircraft to the gate as well as the duration required forsetting up gate equipment.So,the basic disjunctive con-straints that forbid simultaneous assignment of two aircraftto the same gate have to be added to the model.Additionally,these constraints must cover so-called “shadowing’’restric-tions (i,M i ,j,M j )between gates M i and M j that can be interpreted as follows:if mode M i ∈M i is assigned to ac-tivity i ,then activity j must not be processed simultaneously in mode M j ∈M j .The set of all shadowing restrictions is denoted with shadow .The model is summarized as follows:Find a schedule (S,C,M )which assures the following constraints :Minimal processing time ∀i ∈VS i +p min i C iContinuous processing∀(i,j)∈ towC i +d tow iM i jM j=S j Disjunctive activities and setup timesFor any activities i ,j ∈V such that either M i =M j =∅or ∃(i,M i ,j,M j )∈ shadow one of the following conditions must be fulfilledC i +d setupiM i jM jS j −activity i must precede jorC j +d setup jM jiM i S i −activity j must precede iStart and completion time ∀i ∈V a S i =t a i ∀i ∈V d C i =t d i ∀i ∈VS i ,C i ∈N 0Mode selection ∀i ∈VM i ∈M i .The objective function is a linear combination of severalgoals:(1)the maximization of the total assignment prefer-ence score,(2)the minimization of the number of required towing operations,and (3)the minimization of the deviation from a given reference gate ing goal weights i ,which are non-negative real numbers,the objective function z(M)is constructed as follows:z(M):=min 1z 1+ 2z 2+ 3z 3,where z 1:=−i ∈Vw i u iM iz 2:=−|(i,j)∈ tow :M i =M j |z 3:=−i ∈V :M i =Mi w i .。
at the airport作文六年级
at the airport作文六年级At the AirportIt was a busy day at the airport. The airport was filled with people coming and going, luggage trolleys and announcements on the TV screens.I was excited as I was about to board my first plane to visit my grandparents in another city. Holding my ticket tightly, I followed the crowd to the boarding gate. The security check was strict, and I had to put all my belongings in the tray and walk through the metal detector.Once inside the boarding area, I found my seat and settled down. The plane was starting to board, and I could hear the engines roaring in the distance. I looked around and saw families, friends, and travelers like me getting ready for their journeys.As the plane taxied onto the runway, I felt a mix of excitement and nervousness. The plane took off, and I looked out of the window to see the city getting smaller below. The view was breathtaking.I looked forward to the journey and the time I would spend with my grandparents. This trip was special, and I knew it would be a memorable experience.在机场机场的一天非常繁忙。
零基础旅游英语口语机场At the airport
At the airport 1Part 1:vocabularycheck-in 值机boarding pass/card 登机牌boarding gate 登机门passport 护照luggage 行李suitcase 行李箱window seat 靠窗座位aisle seat 走道座位claim tag 行李牌SentencesCan I check in now?Can I have your passport, please?I’d like an aisle seat, please.Do you have luggage to check in?Here’s your claim tag and boarding card.Part 2:vocabularyflight number 航班号gate number 登机门号boarding time 登机时间go upstairs 上楼go downstairs 下楼the first floor 一楼the second floor 二楼SentencesExcuse me. Where’s Gate C10?It’s on the second floor. Just go upstairs.ConversationR: Can I help you?C: Yes, please. Can I check in now?R: Can I have your passport, please?C: Here you are.R: Would you like a window seat or an aisle seat? C: I’d like an aisle seat, please.R: Ok. Do you have luggage to check in?C: Yes. I have a suitcase to check in.R: Here’s your claim tag and boarding card.C: Where’s Gate 3, please?R: It’s on the second floor. Just go upstairs.C: Thank you.At the airport 2Part 1Vocabularyimmigration 移民，入境transport 交通purpose 目的visit 拜访stay 待business 商务study 学习travel 旅行SentencesWhere are you travelling from?What’s the purpose of your visit?For business.To visit friend/ study/ travel.Where are you going to stay?How long are you going to stay in this country?ConversationO: Where are you travelling from?C: From china.O: What’s the purpose of your visit?C: Business. I have a meeting tomorrow.O: Where are you going to stay?C: At the Hilton Hotel.O: How long are you going to stay in this country?C: Just 3 days.O: Ok. That’s all. Enjoy your stay in London.C: Thanks a lot.Part 2Vocabularyget a taxi 叫的士rent a car 租车take the bus 搭巴士take the subway/underground 搭地铁city center 市中心subway station 地铁站express bus 快线fare 车费SentencesWhere can I get a taxi/ take the express bus?How can I get to the city center?How much is the fare?ConversationC: Excuse me. How can I get to the city center?R: Your can take a car or take the express bus.C: Where can I take the express bus?R: Just go to Gate 11.C: How much is the fare?R: It’s 10 dollars per person.。
英语作文-如何提供高效的航班转机服务,节约游客时间
英语作文-如何提供高效的航班转机服务，节约游客时间Efficient Flight today's bustling world of travel, efficiency is key. For airlines, providing efficient connecting flight services is paramount to ensuring a seamless and enjoyable experience for travelers. Here's a comprehensive guide on how airlines can optimize their services to offer high-efficiency flight connections, ultimately saving valuable time for passengers.To begin with, meticulous planning is essential. Airlines must carefully schedule connecting flights to minimize layover times while ensuring adequate buffer for potential delays. This involves analyzing historical data on flight durations, considering factors like weather patterns and air traffic congestion, and strategically coordinating departure and arrival times.Next, optimizing airport infrastructure plays a crucial role. Designated transfer areas within airports should be conveniently located and well-equipped with amenities such as rest areas, dining options, and charging stations. Clear signage and efficient transportation systems, such as shuttle buses or moving walkways, can further expedite the transfer process for passengers.Furthermore, streamlining check-in and baggage handling procedures is vital. Implementing advanced technologies like self-service kiosks and mobile check-in apps can significantly reduce waiting times at check-in counters, allowing passengers to swiftly proceed to their connecting gates. Additionally, adopting innovative baggage tracking systems minimizes the risk of lost luggage and facilitates quick transfers between flights.Moreover, proactive communication is key to keeping passengers informed and reassured throughout their journey. Airlines should leverage real-time updates via mobile apps, SMS alerts, and airport display screens to notify passengers of any changes to their connecting flights, gate assignments, or boarding times. Promptly addressing concernsand providing assistance to passengers facing disruptions fosters trust and enhances overall satisfaction.In addition, prioritizing customer service excellence is paramount. Well-trained staff members should be readily available to assist passengers with navigation, answer inquiries, and resolve issues promptly. Personalized assistance for passengers with tight connections or special needs demonstrates a commitment to customer-centricity and fosters a positive travel experience.Furthermore, investing in technology-driven solutions can revolutionize the connecting flight experience. For instance, predictive analytics algorithms can anticipate potential disruptions and proactively rebook passengers on alternative flights to minimize disruptions. Virtual queuing systems and biometric authentication technologies can further streamline security and boarding processes, reducing wait times and enhancing efficiency.Lastly, continuous feedback and performance evaluation are essential for ongoing improvement. Airlines should actively solicit feedback from passengers through surveys, social media channels, and customer service hotlines to identify pain points and areas for enhancement. By analyzing feedback and implementing data-driven insights, airlines can iteratively refine their services to meet evolving customer expectations and deliver unparalleled efficiency in connecting flight operations.In conclusion, by prioritizing meticulous planning, optimizing airport infrastructure, streamlining procedures, enhancing communication, prioritizing customer service, embracing technology, and soliciting feedback, airlines can provide highming airports as key facilitators of seamless air travel experiences.。
at the airport英语作文
at the airport英语作文【英文版】At the AirportWhen it comes to the topic of "At the Airport", I cannot help but recall my first time flying alone to a foreign country. It was a momentous experience filled with nervous anticipation and excitement.Arriving at the airport early in the morning, I felt overwhelmed by the bustling crowds and the array of different languages being spoken around me. The airport was a hive of activity, with people rushing to check in, board flights, and retrieve their luggage. I quickly realized that this was a place where I needed to be attentive and vigilant at all times.First, I had to navigate through the long security checkpoints. The lines were long and it took me a while to get through them. Then, I had to find my gate and wait for my flight to board. During this time, I noticed how efficient the airport staff were and how they always had a smile on their face.Finally, after what seemed like an eternity, my flight was boarding.I was nervous and excited all at once. As I walked onto the plane,I felt a sense of relief wash over me. Once we took off and the plane began to taxi towards our gate, I couldn't help but marvel at the vast expanse of sky above me.After a long journey, I finally arrived at my destination. Although it was exhausting, I felt proud of myself for handling the situation well. This experience taught me that when faced with new situations and challenges, I need to remain calm, confident, and always rely on my ability to adapt and overcome obstacles.【中文版】机场之旅谈到“在机场”这个话题，我不由自主地想起了我第一次独自飞往异国他乡的经历。
加强作业管理优化作业评价
加强作业管理优化作业评价加强作业管理优化作业评价摘要：随着教育改革的不断推进，作业作为一种重要的教学手段和学习方式，对于学生的学习效果有着重要的影响。
然而，当前的作业管理和作业评价存在一定的问题，如作业负担过重、评价体系单一等，导致了学生的学习兴趣下降和学习效果不佳。
本文通过对作业管理和作业评价的优化措施的分析与总结，提出了加强作业管理和优化作业评价的策略，以提高学生的学习积极性和学习效果。
一、绪论作业是教师与学生之间的桥梁，能够巩固学生的知识，提高学生的能力。
作业管理是对作业的布置、批改、分析与反馈等环节进行有效的管理，而作业评价则是对学生作业完成情况进行的评估。
优化作业管理和作业评价是提高教学质量的关键所在。
二、问题分析与原因1. 作业负担过重当前学生的作业负担普遍过重，压力巨大。
长时间的做作业会让学生心理疲惫，无法专注于学习。
2. 评价体系单一目前的作业评价体系主要依靠分数评价，忽视了学生的兴趣、动机等因素，无法全面评价学生的学习情况。
三、加强作业管理的策略1. 合理安排作业量教师应根据学生的实际情况，合理安排作业量，使学生能够在适当的时间内完成，减轻学生的作业负担。
2. 鼓励学生思考和创新作业不仅仅是记忆和重复，更应该注重学生的思考和创新能力的培养，通过设计开放性问题和实践性作业等方式，激发学生的学习兴趣。
3. 加强作业反馈教师应及时对学生的作业进行批改，并给予针对性的反馈，帮助学生发现自己的不足，及时纠正错误。
四、优化作业评价的策略1. 多元化的评价方式除了传统的笔试、口试等方式外，可以引入项目制作、实践操作等方式进行评价，更能体现学生的综合能力和个性特点。
2. 给予针对性的评价信息作业评价不仅仅是给予分数，还应给予学生具体的评价信息，指导学生学习和提高自己的不足之处。
3. 培养学生的自我评价意识鼓励学生对自己的学习进行评价，并提供学习反思的机会，帮助学生提高自主学习能力。
五、结论加强作业管理和优化作业评价是提高学生学习效果的重要手段。
《At the airport 》 教学设计
《At the airport 》教学设计一、教学目标1、知识目标学生能够掌握与机场相关的常见词汇和短语，如“checkin counter”（值机柜台）、“boarding pass”（登机牌）、“luggage claim”（行李领取处）、“departure lounge”（候机室）等。
2、技能目标（1）能够听懂在机场的常见对话，如办理登机手续、行李托运、询问航班信息等。
（2）能够运用所学词汇和句型进行简单的机场场景交流，如询问登机口、寻找行李等。
3、情感目标（1）培养学生在实际场景中运用英语的自信心。
（2）增强学生对不同文化场景的了解和包容。
二、教学重难点1、教学重点（1）掌握机场相关的重点词汇和句型。
（2）能够熟练运用所学进行机场场景的听说交流。
2、教学难点（1）理解并正确运用与航班、行李等相关的复杂表述。
（2）在实际场景中灵活应对不同的交流情况。
三、教学方法1、情景教学法通过创设机场的情景，让学生身临其境地感受和学习。
2、任务驱动法布置相关的任务，如模拟办理登机手续、寻找行李等，让学生在完成任务的过程中掌握知识和技能。
3、小组合作法组织学生进行小组合作，共同完成学习任务，培养学生的合作能力和交流能力。
四、教学过程1、导入（5 分钟）通过播放一段机场的视频或展示机场的图片，引出本节课的主题“At the airport”。
提问学生是否有在机场的经历，引导学生分享自己的感受和经历。
2、词汇学习（15 分钟）（1）展示与机场相关的图片，教授新单词和短语，如“checkin counter”、“boarding pass”、“luggage claim”、“departure lounge”等。
（2）通过单词游戏，如猜单词、单词接龙等，帮助学生巩固所学词汇。
3、句型学习（15 分钟）（1）呈现与机场场景相关的对话，引导学生理解和学习常用句型，如“Can I have a window seat, please?” 、“Where is the boarding gate?”等。
优化作业英语作文
优化作业英语作文Title: Strategies for Optimizing English Homework。
In today's academic landscape, English homework often poses a challenge for many students. Whether it's mastering grammar rules, improving writing skills, or analyzing literature, there are various aspects to consider when optimizing English assignments. Here, we explore effective strategies to enhance your English homework experience.1. Utilize Online Resources: The internet offers a plethora of resources tailored to improve English skills. Websites like Grammarly, Purdue OWL, and Khan Academy provide grammar tutorials, writing tips, and literary analysis guides. Additionally, online forums and communities enable students to seek clarification and engage in discussions about English topics.2. Develop a Structured Routine: Establishing a consistent study routine is essential for optimizingEnglish homework. Allocate specific times each daydedicated to English assignments, allowing for focused and uninterrupted study sessions. Incorporate breaks to prevent burnout and maintain productivity.3. Enhance Vocabulary: Expanding your vocabulary enhances writing fluency and comprehension. Make it a habit to learn new words regularly by reading extensively and using tools like flashcards or vocabulary apps. Practice incorporating these words into your writing to reinforce retention and application.4. Practice Writing Regularly: Writing is a skill that improves with practice. Set aside time for regular writing exercises, such as journaling, creative writing prompts, or essay assignments. Experiment with different writing styles, genres, and formats to broaden your proficiency and creativity.5. Seek Feedback and Revision: Feedback is crucial for growth and improvement. Share your written work with peers, teachers, or online writing communities to receiveconstructive criticism and suggestions for enhancement. Embrace revision as an opportunity to refine your ideas, structure, and language usage.6. Engage with Literature: Reading extensively exposes you to diverse writing styles, genres, and perspectives. Incorporate literature into your English homework routine by analyzing texts, identifying literary devices, and exploring thematic elements. Actively engage with the material through annotations, discussions, and critical reflections.7. Stay Organized: Maintain an organized approach to managing English assignments. Keep track of deadlines, instructions, and resources to ensure timely completion and quality work. Break down larger tasks into smaller, manageable goals to alleviate overwhelm and maintain focus.8. Utilize Writing Prompts: Writing prompts stimulate creativity and provide direction for writing exercises. Explore a variety of prompts, ranging from narrative prompts to persuasive prompts, to practice differentwriting skills and techniques. Use prompts as a springboard for generating ideas and overcoming writer's block.9. Embrace Peer Collaboration: Collaborating with peers fosters a supportive learning environment and encourages peer-to-peer feedback. Form study groups or writing circles to discuss English assignments, share insights, and offer assistance to one another. Engaging in collaborative learning enhances comprehension and retention.10. Reflect and Iterate: Take time to reflect on your English homework experience and identify areas for improvement. Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies implemented and adjust your approach accordingly. Continuously iterate and refine your study habits to optimize learning outcomes.In conclusion, optimizing English homework requires a multifaceted approach encompassing resource utilization, structured routines, skill development, and reflective practice. By incorporating these strategies into your studyroutine, you can enhance your English proficiency, foster creativity, and achieve academic success.。
英语作文-如何提供高效的航班登机服务,方便游客出行计划
英语作文-如何提供高效的航班登机服务，方便游客出行计划Efficient boarding of flights is a critical aspect of the travel experience, offering a direct impact on the satisfaction and convenience of travelers. To ensure a seamless journey, airlines and airports must collaborate to streamline the boarding process, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of air travel.The foundation of an effective boarding service lies in the meticulous planning and execution of several key strategies. These include the implementation of advanced technology, the optimization of boarding procedures, and the provision of clear communication to passengers.Incorporating Advanced Technology。
The use of technology plays a pivotal role in expediting the boarding process. Airlines are increasingly adopting digital solutions such as mobile boarding passes, self-service kiosks, and biometric verification systems. These innovations not only reduce the time spent in queues but also minimize the need for physical interaction, which is particularly beneficial in maintaining health and safety standards.Mobile boarding passes, for instance, allow passengers to check in and receive their boarding passes directly on their smartphones. This eliminates the need to print physical passes and streamlines the identification process at security checkpoints and boarding gates.Self-service kiosks are another technological advancement that has revolutionized the check-in experience. Travelers can use these kiosks to check in, select seats, and even tag their baggage without the assistance of airline staff. This self-sufficiency not only empowers passengers but also frees up airline personnel to assist those in need of special attention.Biometric verification systems, such as facial recognition, offer a swift and secure method of passenger identification. By matching the traveler's face with the data stored in their travel documents, these systems can quickly verify identities, reducing the time spent on manual checks.Optimizing Boarding Procedures。
ai时代英文作文
ai时代英文作文In the era of AI, the integration of artificial intelligence into various aspects of human life has brought about profound changes. From healthcare to education, from finance to entertainment, AI is revolutionizing industries and reshaping the way we live and work.One of the most significant impacts of the AI era is in the field of healthcare. With the help of AI technologies, medical professionals can now analyze vast amounts of data to diagnose diseases more accurately and develop personalized treatment plans for patients. Machine learning algorithms can predict potential health risks based on individual health data, enabling preventive interventions to improve overall well-being. Additionally, AI-powered robotic surgery systems are making surgical procedures more precise and less invasive, leading to faster recovery times and better outcomes for patients.In the realm of education, AI is enhancing the learningexperience for students in various ways. Intelligenttutoring systems can adapt to individual learning stylesand pace, providing personalized guidance and support. AI-powered educational apps and platforms offer interactive learning opportunities, making learning more engaging and accessible. Moreover, AI can assist teachers in grading assignments, analyzing student performance data, and identifying areas where students may need extra help, allowing educators to focus their attention where it ismost needed.AI is also revolutionizing the way we manage finances and conduct business. Automated trading algorithms can analyze market trends and execute trades at lightning speed, optimizing investment strategies and maximizing returns. In the banking sector, AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants are providing customers with instant support and personalized recommendations, improving customersatisfaction and streamlining operations. Furthermore, AI-driven data analytics tools are helping businesses makedata-driven decisions, identify market opportunities, and optimize processes for greater efficiency and profitability.In the realm of entertainment and media, AI is transforming content creation and consumption. Streaming platforms use recommendation algorithms to suggest personalized content to users based on their viewinghistory and preferences, enhancing the user experience and increasing engagement. AI-generated content, such as music compositions, artworks, and even news articles, is becoming increasingly prevalent, blurring the lines between human and machine creativity. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies powered by AI are also creating immersive entertainment experiences, allowing users to interact with digital content in new and exciting ways.However, along with its numerous benefits, the AI era also presents challenges and ethical considerations that must be addressed. Concerns about data privacy, algorithmic bias, and job displacement have sparked debates about the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies. It is essential to ensure that AI systems are designed and implemented in a way that respects human rights, promotes fairness and transparency, and minimizes unintendedconsequences.In conclusion, the AI era is transforming every aspect of human life, from healthcare and education to finance and entertainment. While AI technologies hold tremendous promise for improving efficiency, productivity, and quality of life, it is crucial to approach their development and deployment thoughtfully and ethically to maximize their benefits while minimizing potential risks. Only by harnessing the power of AI responsibly can we fully realize its potential to create a better future for all.。
非正常运行下机场停机位实时分配模型
非正常运行下机场停机位实时分配模型乐美龙;檀财茂【摘要】In response to airport gate assignment problem in considering irregular operations of airport and flights, a mixed integer programming model is built .Aircraft waiting time is introduced in order to adapt to the actual operation condition .By using ILOG CPLEX optimizing software , flight delay and gate fault situ-ation are simulated as an example .A solution is found in 5 seconds with 2.1 GHz CPU, RAM, 2.0 GHz configuration.From the gate assignment plan , compared with regular operation , the total passenger walk-ing distance is increased by 130 meters only when a gate fault occurs , and it remains unchanged when flights are delayed .With the effectiveness in solving the airport gate assignment problem in irregular situa-tion, the model is significant in practical applications .%针对机场和航班非正常运行时机场停机位分配问题，建立了非正常运行条件下的机场停机位实时分配混合整数规划模型。
向朋友介绍去飞机场的流程英文作文
向朋友介绍去飞机场的流程英文作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Introduction to the process of going to the airportWhen planning a trip by air, one of the most important steps is getting to the airport on time. Navigating the airport can be confusing for first-time travelers, so it's essential to be prepared and know what to expect. In this article, we will walk you through the process of going to the airport, from arriving at the terminal to boarding your flight.1. Planning your journeyThe first step in going to the airport is planning your journey. Make sure you know the location of the airport and how you'll get there. You can choose to drive yourself, take public transportation, or hire a taxi or ride-sharing service. Check the traffic conditions and leave with plenty of time to spare to account for any delays.2. Arriving at the airportOnce you arrive at the airport, you'll need to find the terminal for your flight. Follow the signs or ask airport staff for directions if you're unsure. Make your way to check-in, where you'll need to show your identification and boarding pass. Check your bags if necessary and proceed through security.3. Going through securitySecurity is an essential part of the airport process. Be prepared to remove your shoes, belt, and any metal objects from your pockets before going through the metal detector. Your bags will also be scanned, so make sure you don't have any prohibited items in your carry-on luggage. Once you've passed through security, you can head to the departure lounge.4. Waiting for your flightAfter clearing security, you'll have some time to relax in the departure lounge before your flight boards. Take this opportunity to grab a snack or drink, use the restroom, or shop for last-minute essentials. Keep an eye on the departure boards for updates on your flight's status and gate number.5. Boarding your flightWhen it's time to board your flight, listen for announcements or check your boarding pass for boarding times.Follow the signs to your gate and wait in line to board the plane. Show your boarding pass to the gate agent and find your seat. Once everyone is on board, the plane will take off, and you'll be on your way to your destination.In conclusion, going to the airport can be a straightforward process if you know what to expect. By planning your journey, arriving on time, going through security, waiting for your flight, and boarding your flight, you'll be well-prepared for a smooth travel experience. Remember to check the airline's website for any specific requirements or updates before your trip and enjoy your flight! So, make sure to follow these steps to ensure a stress-free and enjoyable travel experience. Safe travels!篇2How to Guide Your Friend through the Process of Going to the AirportTraveling by plane can be both exciting and stressful, especially for those who are not experienced with the process of going to the airport. If you have a friend who is heading to the airport for the first time, it's important to guide them through the process to ensure a smooth and stress-free travel experience.Here is a step-by-step guide to help you explain the process to your friend:1. Planning and Ticket BookingThe first step in going to the airport is to plan ahead and book a ticket. Make sure your friend has a valid passport or ID, as well as any necessary travel documents. Help them choose the right flight, considering factors such as timing, layovers, and price.2. PackingBefore heading to the airport, remind your friend to pack their bags carefully. Ensure they know the restrictions on liquids, electronics, and other items that are not allowed in carry-on luggage. Encourage them to pack light and only bring the essentials.3. Getting to the AirportExplain to your friend how to get to the airport, whether by car, public transport, or taxi. Provide them with information about airport parking, drop-off areas, and check-in counters.4. Checking InUpon arrival at the airport, guide your friend to the check-in counters. Encourage them to check-in online in advance to save time. Explain the process of checking in luggage and obtaining a boarding pass.5. Security CheckHelp your friend navigate through the security check process. Remind them to have their ID and boarding pass ready, remove any metal objects from their pockets, and follow the instructions of the security officers.6. Waiting at the GateOnce through security, guide your friend to the departure gate. Explain how to read the flight information screens to find the correct gate number and departure time. Encourage them to arrive early to avoid rushing.7. Boarding the PlaneWhen it's time to board the plane, help your friend understand the boarding process. Explain the boarding groups and how to queue up in the correct line. Remind them to have their boarding pass and ID ready for inspection.8. In-Flight EtiquetteBefore takeoff, remind your friend of basic in-flight etiquette. Encourage them to follow the instructions of the flight attendants, respect other passengers, and remain seated with their seatbelt fastened during turbulence.9. Arriving at the DestinationUpon arrival at their destination, remind your friend to gather their belongings and deplane in an orderly manner. Guide them to the baggage claim area to retrieve their luggage.10. Returning HomeIf your friend is returning home from their trip, repeat the process in reverse. Guide them through checking in for their return flight, passing through security, and boarding the plane.By following this step-by-step guide, you can help your friend navigate the process of going to the airport with ease. Traveling by plane can be a fun and rewarding experience, and with your guidance, your friend is sure to have a smooth journey from start to finish. Safe travels!篇3Introduction to the Process of Going to the AirportIf you are planning to travel by air, it is essential to be familiar with the process of going to the airport. In this guide, I will provide you with a step-by-step overview of what to expect when heading to the airport.The first step in the process of going to the airport is to make sure you have all your necessary travel documents with you. This includes your passport, boarding pass, and any other identification or documentation required for your trip. It is crucial to check the validity of your passport and any visa requirements for your destination before you leave for the airport.Next, you will need to consider transportation to the airport. Depending on your location, you may have several options, including taking a taxi, using a ride-sharing service, or driving and parking at the airport. It is essential to factor in travel time, traffic conditions, and any potential delays when deciding how you will get to the airport.Once you arrive at the airport, you will need to check in for your flight. This can typically be done at a kiosk, online, or at the airline's check-in counter. After checking in, you will need to drop off any checked baggage and proceed through security screening. It is important to follow all security protocols and procedures to ensure a smooth and efficient screening process.After passing through security, you will proceed to the departure gate for your flight. It is essential to pay attention to any announcements or updates regarding your flight, as gate assignments and departure times can change. Boarding typically begins 30-45 minutes before the scheduled departure time, so it is essential to arrive at the gate on time.Once onboard the aircraft, you will need to stow your carry-on luggage in the overhead bins and take your seat. The flight attendants will provide important safety information and instructions for the duration of the flight. It is essential to follow all crew instructions and regulations to ensure a safe and comfortable flight.In conclusion, the process of going to the airport involves several steps, from preparing your travel documents to checking in, passing through security, and boarding your flight. By following these steps and being well-prepared, you can ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience. So next time you head to the airport, remember these tips to make your journey as stress-free as possible.。
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Transpn Res.-A, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 437±454, 1998 # 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0965-8564/98 $19.00+0.00
OPTIMIZING GATE ASSIGNMENTS AT AIRPORT TERMINALS
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A. (Received 8 July 1997; in revised form 14 November 1997) AbstractÐThe assignment of aircraft arriving on schedule to available gates is a major issue during the daily airline operations. The Gate Assignment Problem (GAP) is an easily-understood but dicult to solve problem. An important issue in GAP is to minimize the distance a passenger is required to walk inside the terminal to reach his or her departure gate. The total passenger walking distance is based on the passenger transfer volume between every pair of aircrafts and the distance between every pair of gates. Therefore, the problem of assigning gates to arriving and departing ¯ights at an airport is a Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP), which is a dicult problem to solve. Recently, integer programming (IP), simulation, and expert systems have been applied to the GAP. A new integer programming formulation of the gate assignment problem is presented. An ecient heuristic solution procedure for solving the problem is also proposed. The performance of this solution approach is evaluated in a variety of test problems, and is compared to the optimal solutions obtained using CPLEX in certain test problems. The proposed heuristic solution approach proves to be an ecient method for obtaining good solutions for large scale gate assignment problems in a very reasonable computation time. # 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Keywords: gate assignment, quadratic assignment, walking distance, baggage transfer, apron time 1. INTRODUCTION
ALI HAGHANI* and MIN-CHING CHEN
1.1. Background The distance a passenger is required to walk in an airport to reach his departure gate, the baggage claim area, or his connecting ¯ight is an important consideration in eective utilization of aircraft gates at an airport terminal (Mangoubi and Mathaisel, 1985). These distances can be reduced by improving the method by which scheduled ¯ights are assigned to the airport terminal gates. In 1977 Braaksma demonstrated that the procedure can have a profound impact on passenger walking distances without changing the layout of the terminal area. As an example, the mean walking distance per passenger at Terminal No. 2 of Toronto International Airport in Canada was reduced from 923 ft in 1973 to 800 ft in 1975. This improvement was a direct result of a change in gate assignment policy by Air Canada, the terminal's sole user. The decision represented a savings of over 100 ft per passenger. Therefore, an important question is which ¯ight-to-gate assignment policy results in the minimum walking distances. The challenge is to develop an approach to the problem which yields the minimum total, or average walking distance per passenger based on actual or pre-planned time tables of ¯ight schedules. For the purpose of planning, the ¯ight time tables should be assumed ®xed and given, as should be the airport terminal layout. No changes should be required in the ¯ight schedule or the airport terminal. 1.2. Problem statement Gate assignment is a complex process. Basically, it may take into account the following factors (Chang, 1994): 1. 2. 3. 4. Walking distances for transfer, terminating, and originating passengers; Baggage handling distance for transfer, terminating, and originating passengers; Time tables of ¯ight schedules; and, Aircraft-gate size compatibility.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
*Author for correspondence. Fax: 001 301 405 2585; e-mail: haghani@
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A. Haghani and M.-C. Chen
To minimize the time that transfer passengers need to walk from one gate to another, it would be the best to assign connecting ¯ights at nearby or the same gates if the ¯ight schedules are not con¯icting. However, one cannot overlook the importance of the originating and terminating passengers who play an important role in an airport. In the past, several researchers have worked on this problem, but most have focused on solving the minimum total passenger walking distance during one time period or for a batch of aircraft, which means that the gate assignment has to be accomplis