Scanning the Issue and Beyond：Toward ITS Knowledge Automation
专四阅读详解 2
星期2 TuesdayHappiness is nearly always a rebound from hard work.辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。
Beauty is a curious phenomenon, one of permeable, shifting boundaries. We may think we understand it, since we sense it effortlessly. In fact, it is a bundle of mysteries researchers are still uncovering.Consider the ancient proverb: beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Until about 30 years ago it seemed too obvious for scientists to bother with. When they finally tested it, their results startled them.On the one hand, the maxim is false. Facial beauty is the same throughout the world. In every tribe and culture, individuals will consider Marilyn Monroe, say, an attractive woman. It goes further. Males can identify good-looking men, and females charming women. Old and young, rich and poor, learned and ignorant, all agree on who is beautiful. So do people of every class and personality type.We don’t learn this response. We’re born with it. In one recent study, babies just 20 hours old recognized attractive faces and preferred them. So beauty is in our DNA. The eye of the beholder doesn’t matter.On the other hand, and this is where it gets interesting, the facial shell is just the foundation of beauty. We see the self in the face, every day, all the time, and we can’t distinguish the two.This blurring means that we gift the attractive with a large number of virtues. They seem more competent, likeable, happier, blessed with better lives and personalities. In one experiment, people predicted happier marriages and better jobs for them, and rated them lower on only one aspect: their caliber as parents. Another study found people consider them more amiable, happy, flexible, pleasure-seeking, serious, candid, outspoken, perceptive, confident, assertive, curious and active. They exert more control over their destiny, subjects felt, while the homely endure the world’s sudden change.It is calle d the “beautiful is good” stereotype, and it grants the attractive a parade of boons. Teachers consider them smarter and give them higher grades. Bosses promote them faster. In one tale in The Thousand and One Nights, a thief steals a coin-bag, and when the victim accuses him, people protest: “No, he’s such a handsome youth. He wouldn’t steal anything!” In fact, attractive people can shoplift with greater ease, since witnesses are less likely to report them. And when they do stand before the court, juries acquit them more readily and judges give them lighter penalties.1. The proverb “beauty is in the eye of beholder” means[A] that beauty can only be admitted when most people recognize it.[B] whether somebody is beautiful depends on the person who is looking.[C] that beauty can be measured according to the attractive eyes.[D] that beauty can be judged only by grown-ups.2. Which of the following can best substitute the word “caliber” in Para. 6?[A] Desire. [B] Curiosity. [C] Habit. [D] Competence.3. Which of the following is true about the beauty?[A] The beauty is more likely to shoplift.[B] The beauty inside is more important than facial beauty.[C] The beauty may still commit the same crime as the commons.[D] The beauty usually leads unpleasant life.4. The author’s attitude towards “beautiful is good” is[A] objective. [B] approving.[C] questioning. [D] critical.Text BIt’s Saturday afternoon and you would love to play a few rounds of golf, but fear that you might not get enough tee (高尔夫球座) time at the closest public links. Instead, you decide to go down to the athletic club a few blocks away. There, you enter a private room, press a button, and look at the large screen on the wall in front of you. The screen flickers, blinks, and presto(转眼间) — you are suddenly on one of the world’s great golf courses, perhaps St. Andrews in Scotland. You tee off on the plastic turf whacking your ball against the screen. A blurred copy of the ball slices or hooks down the fairway(平坦球道). Computers, infrared beams, and photo-optical detectors track the ball’s spin, speed, and direction. You are totally immersed in the three-dimensional computer generated world.Virtual reality is created by using display and control technology to surround its users with an artificial environment that mimics real life. Through the use of visual and sound effects, things that don’t exist can be made to appear to exist. Virtual realty allows users to manipulate objects on the screen so they can become full participants in the three-dimensional setting that envelops them.Already, virtual reality systems have many practical applications. Most notably, the technology is being used to make simulations of cars or buildings during the design phase, to provide instruction in technical subjects like engineering, and to introduce new surgical techniques. But this technology’s most advanced applications at the moment are in entertainment such as virtual reality golf and the virtual reality arcade game rooms sprouting up all over the world.The idea of using computers to render artificial but useful environments began as early as the 1960s, but the computer power needed to generate 3-D graphics was so costly that only government agencies such as U.S. national Aeronautics and Space Administration, along with a few university labs, could afford it. The field began to grow in the mid 1980s when Jaron Lanier coined the term “virtual reality” and founded VPI Research Inc., the first high-tech company dedicated to the virtual reality field. Since then companies world wide have come to recognize the technology’s commercial potential and have entered the market. In the U.S. for example, the aerospace giant Boeing has organized a company-wide steering committee to explore virtual reality’s potential applications.Current virtual reality research shows numerous potential applications of the interactive technology:EDUCATION: Educators say virtual reality can offer alternatives to the way students learn.Some educators, in fact, are already using virtual reality systems in the classroom. At Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, architectural students move around in an animated image of the Parthenon, examining that noble structure’s roof and columns.DESIGN: Architects are expected to be the biggest users of virtual reality design applications. One experimental system now allows an architect to move through the design of a virtual hospital in a virtual wheelchair to test access to doors, hallways, light switches, and other design elements.MEDICINE: Virtual reality is giving scientists the ability to work surrounded by images of molecules and other objects that once required an electronic microscope study. Researchers predict that surgeons in training will be able to practice on electronic corpses while experienced surgeons will benefit from new techniques developed from virtual reality applications.“Virtual reality offers another window, but one that a scientist can climb through to interact directly with scientific abstractions,” says Howard Rheingold, author of Virtual Reality. “Virtual reality has the potential to become a microscope of the mind.”5. By citing the example of golf, the author intends to[A] indicate that people love to play golf on Saturday afternoon.[B] suggest that people go to athletic clubs to play golf.[C] show how people play golf on the three-dimensional world.[D] introduce the topic of virtual reality.6. People can fully participate in the three-dimensional world because virtual reality makes[A] things which don’t exist app ear to exist.[B] users fall into an illusion.[C] it possible to manipulate objects on the screen.[D] users surrounded by an artificial environment.7. Now the most advanced applications of virtual reality are in[A] design. [B] entertainment.[C] education. [D] surgery.8. Why did the field of virtual reality begin to develop only in the mid 1980s?[A] The computer equipment needed in this field was so expensive.[B] Computer technology just started to grow at that time.[C] The idea didn’t occur to people’s mind at an earlier time.[D] J aron Lanier coined the term “virtual reality” then.9. According to passage, which of the following is NOT true?[A] Jaron Lanier contributed much to the development of virtual reality.[B] Students can learn in a new way through the application of virtual reality in education.[C] Virtual reality is supposed to be applied most widely in car designing.[D] Scientists are able to work in an artificial environment through virtual reality applications.Text CThomas Hardy’s impulses as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some degree interested in exploring his characters’psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined to literary realism in several senses of that phrase. He wanted to describe ordinary human beings: he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately, even schematically); andhe wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be triviality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the mysterious and the strange.In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other often inevitably. As Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, therefore he took paths of least resistance. Thus one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower. In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style —that sure index of an author’s literary worth —was certain to become verbose. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted to the first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any of his novels. His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses — a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of love — but the slight interlocking of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into two distinct parts.10. Thomas Hardy wanted to do all the following EXCEPT[A] explore his characters’ psycholog y.[B] describe ordinary human beings.[C] take pains to effect a compromise among various impulses.[D] express his awareness of the mysterious and the strange.11. According to the passage, a writer’s style is[A] a reliable means to measure his/her literary merit.[B] most apparent in those parts of his/her works that are not realistic.[C] problematic when he/she attempts to follow perilous or risky impulses.[D] shaped primarily by his/her desire to classify and schematize.12. Which of the following methods is NOT used by the author in analyzing Hardy’s novels?[A] Comparing Hardy with other famous novelists.[B] Analyzing the development of Hardy’s impulses.[C] Affirming Hardy’s success while pointing out imbalance in his novels.[D] Trying to prove Hardy is a total failure as a writer.13. What’s the author’s view on Hardy’s novel Under the Greenwood Tree?[A] It shows Hardy’s novelistic im pulses more successfully than his other novels.[B] It is Hardy’s most thorough investigation of the psychology of love.[C] It does not exhibit any harsh or risky impulse.[D] It reveals Hardy’s interest in the ordinary human beings.14. Which of the following is the most appropriate title?[A] Under the Greenwood Tree: Hardy’s Ambiguous Triumph.[B] The Real and the Strange: The Novelist’s Shifting Realms.[C] Energy versus Repose: The Role of Ordinary People in Hardy’s Fiction.[D] Hardy’s Novelistic Impulses: The Problem of Control.Text DTony Ronzone likes to boast that he knows a word or two in several foreign languages. He might be better off if he didn’t try to use them all at once. A few weeks ago, Ronzone, director of international scouting for the NBA champion Detroit Pistons, appeared at a basketball clinic in Mexico, where he attempted to teach a young Spanish-speaking prospect how best to position himself around the rim. “Demand the qiu!” Ronzone shouted. “Get your cerveza under the basket!” Qiu is Chinese for ball. Cerveza means beer in Spanish. Ronzone may have confused cerveza with cabeza, Spanish for head, though he admits, “I’m not sure I knew that.”The irony that the world’s best international basketball scout is also the world’s worst student of foreign languages is not lost on Ronzone’s peers. “He can’t speak any language at all,” laughs John Hammond, the Pistons’vice president of basketball operations. “Yet he travels to those obscure places and builds lasting relationships with all kinds of people. It’s amazing.” Adds Donn Nelson, the president of basketball operations for the Dallas Mavericks and one of Ronzone’s old friends: “Tony’s success is a tribute to his personality. He’s just —I guess the word is unembarrassable.”Most people think of scouting as the ability to recognize talent. This —it turns out —is relatively easy. Good basketball players are usually quite tall, quite fast and quite skillful at shooting a basketball. The difficult part in a world of 6 billion people is actually finding those who are tall, fast and coordinated, and the extremely difficult part is finding them before the competition does. Ronzone has conquered this problem despite his afflicted tongue by building a global network of coaches, journalists and friends who tip him off to the location of the world’s most gifted young players.In order to stay in touch with more than 400 people on five continents in a meaningful way, one has to have a certain natural enthusiasm. “An uptight guy would not succeed at this job,” says Pistons president Joe Dumars. “Tony will try every single food and drink. He’ll smile. He’ll laugh. He’s easy to like.” It’s true. When Ronzone arrives in a country — friendless and unannounced —his strategy for expanding his network frequently consists of walking up to people, saying hello and starting to talk about basketball in his train-wreck sentences. More often than not, they talk back.As a rule, Ronzone looks for the same things most scouts look for: hand skills, shooting and footwork. Unlike most scouts, though, he never takes notes while evaluating players and usually refrains from asking a coach questions until a third or fourth meeting. “The big reason is respect,” he says, “Some guys go to practices and they focus on one pla yer and scribble a bunch of notes; it comes off arrogant.”With so many people helping him find talent and keep secrets, Ronzone now spends as much time maintaining contacts as scouting players. Some of the favors he does are fairly minor. When an Israeli journalist he knows asks for an interview with a Pistons player, Ronzone sets it up instantly. “It’s easy for me to do,” he says, “and there are a couple of players over there I really like. This guy could help me find out their contact info, or at least g et me some good falafel.”15. The example of cerveza is to show that Ronzone[A] can speak Chinese well, but he knows little Spanish.[B] is not sure he knew that.[C] can’t speak foreign languages well.[D] feels ashamed of his poor Spanish.16. According to Donn Nelson, Ronzone[A] never feels self-conscious.[B] is over-talkative.[C] is a boastful person.[D] likes traveling and meeting people.17. The hardest thing for a basketball scout is that[A] he must build a global network of coaches, journalists and friends.[B] he has to have the ability to recognize talent.[C] he must travel all over the world to look for the promising young players.[D] he has to find the gifted young players before they are found by other scouts .18. Ronzone is different from most basketball scouts in that[A] he is not a good foreign language learner.[B] he keeps in touch with many coaches all over the world.[C] he likes talking with people about basketball.[D] he makes a point of respecting players.19. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] An unsociable person is not suitable for Ronzone’s job.[B] When Ronzone talks with strangers about basketball, they often talk back.[C] Ronzone is so busy that he hardly has time to help his friends.[D] With the help of Ronzone, the Israeli journalist interviewed the Pistons player.20. What’s the author’s attitude towards Ronzone?[A] Critical. [B] Praiseful.语境词汇Text A1. maxim n.格言，座右铭2. gift sb with sth. 赋予某人某物，向某人赠送某物3. caliber n.才干；口径4. candid a.坦白的，率直的5. homely a.相貌平平的，平常的；使人感到舒适的6. a parade of boons 一系列的恩泽Text B1. tee time 开球的时间2. flicker v.闪动，闪烁3. presto int.转眼间4. tee off 开球5. turf n.草皮vt.用草皮覆盖；扔掉；赶走6. slice v.打削球，打斜切球；可切成薄片7. virtual reality 虚拟现实8. mimic v.模仿；戏弄，嘲弄a.模仿的，假装的9. simulation n.模拟，仿真10. arcade game 电子游戏11. sprout v.迅速出现；发芽n.新芽12. interactive technology 交互技术Text C1. indulge v.纵容；沉迷于2. divergent a.分开的，叉开的；有分歧的，不同的3. to some degree 在一定程度上4. farce n.笑剧，闹剧5. transcend v.超出，超越(经验、信念、描写能力等)的范围；胜过，优于6. triviality n.琐事7. compromise n.妥协，折中方法8. perilous a.危险的9. verbose a.冗长的，啰唆的10. reconcilable a.可调和的Text D1. better off 情况更好2. scout n.物色人才者；童子军；侦察员3. rim n.篮圈；(圆形物的)边缘v.给…装边框4. tribute n.颂词，称赞；贡品5. tip off 给…警告或暗示6. more often than not 多半，通常7. refrain from 忍住，节制8. come off 表现；结果；发生，举行9. contact info 联系信息，联系方式10. falafel n.沙拉三明治难句突破Text A1. On the other hand, and this is where it gets interesting, the facial shell is just the foundation of beauty.【分析】并列复合句。
初二学科总结英语阅读理解20题
初二学科总结英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>English grammar is an essential part of learning English in junior high school. It helps us understand and use the language correctly. In grade eight, we have learned many important grammar points.One of the key grammar points is tenses. We have learned the present simple tense, the present continuous tense, the past simple tense, and the future tense. These tenses help us describe actions happening at different times. For example, "I play basketball every day." uses the present simple tense to show a regular action. "I am playing basketball now." is in the present continuous tense, indicating an action happening at the moment.Another important aspect is the use of prepositions. Prepositions help us show relationships between different elements in a sentence. For example, "in the box", "on the table", and "under the bed" use different prepositions to show the location of an object.Learning grammar can be challenging, but there are some effective methods. One way is to read a lot of English books and articles. This helps us get familiar with different grammar structures in context. Another method is to practice writing sentences and short paragraphs. This allows us to apply what we have learned and get feedback from teachers orclassmates.In conclusion, grammar is crucial for mastering English. By understanding and applying grammar rules correctly, we can communicate more effectively and express our ideas clearly.1. We have learned several tenses in grade eight. Which of the following is NOT one of them?A. Present perfect tenseB. Present simple tenseC. Present continuous tenseD. Past simple tense答案：A。
研究生英语-第4单元1市公开课获奖课件省名师示范课获奖课件
1) Tim Berners-Lee (England) → g. the World Wide Web 2) Alexander Graham Bell (US, born in Scotland) → d. telephone 3) Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright (US) → i. airplane 4) Thomas Alva Edison (US) → h. electric light bulb 5) Cai Lun (China) → c. paper 6) Alexander Fleming (England) → a. penicillin 7) Leo Baekeland (US, born in Belgium) → e. plastics 8) Chester Floyd Carlson (US) → j. xerography 9) Wilhelm Conrad von Röntgen (Germany) → b. X-ray 10) Willis Carrier (US) → f. air-conditioner
Now Choose two of the inventions and talk about their importance.
Reading Focus
Is Google Making Us Stupid?
Background Information
Watch a short video and fill in the following paragraph with the information you’ve got from the video.
English Reading and Translation
新闻英语智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下中南大学
新闻英语智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下中南大学中南大学绪论单元测试1.News is something that we come across every day in our life.答案:对2.Learning English through news is a bad way to improve your language ability.答案:错3.By dictating daily updated news, you can improve your listening skills,grammar, and vocabulary.答案:对4.Many English newspapers and news websites have ( ). These make iteasy to read English news anytime, anywhere.答案:Apps5.The course consists of （） chapters.答案:8第一章测试1.Dictating English news can help you improve your listening skills.答案:对2.News is information about current events.答案:对3.Which one of these is not British Newspaper?答案:The New York Times 《纽约时报》4.Which one of these is not newspaper?答案:The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》5.Which one of these is not a commonly recognized news value?答案:Fraud（欺诈）第二章测试1.What can "Downing Street" and "White House" refer to?答案:British government and American government.2.In what kinds of news are passive sentences frequently used?答案:All of the above.3.In the sentence "...Hosack embodies the greatest impulses of the youngnation--reverence for science, compassion for his fellow citizens anddevotion to the civic life of the republic", what rhetorical devices are used?答案:Parallelism and metaphor.4.Normally, a story consists of three parts: introduction or background, factsand climax.答案:对5.What are the disadvantages of the inverted pyramid form?答案:Readers cannot find suspense and loose interest for the climax comesfirst.;The standardized structure of makes the news lack of variety;The repetition of the important information makes the news boring andtedious.第三章测试1.We can find _______ in the Washington Post and the Guardian, but not in ChinaDaily.答案:both Obituaries and Crosswords.2.The hyphen in the headline, “Little Anti-US Feeling——Diplomat" , stands for_______.答案:said by3.Delayed lead includes _________.答案:suspense lead ;direct address lead ;descriptive lead ;question lead4.In the section of _______ in China Daily there is a subsection of cartoons.答案:Opinion5.When do skim reading, we ______.答案:read the first and last sentences of every paragraph;search for thevisual and verbal signs;raise questions while reading;think activelywhile reading第四章测试1.What are the main methods to understand the long sentence?答案:Identify the subject and predicate. ; Distinguish other modifiers. ; Make clear which modifies the predicate.2.The person whose voice is quoted is an important source.答案:对3.The comment from a reader online “I don't know how much more a rationalperson watching and listening to this fool can take. If anything - ever - called for application of the 25 Amendment, this meeting today was it.” gives a(n) ______ attitude toward Trump’s inauguration at a cabinet meeting.答案:negative4.What are the questions to ask to find the opinion of the news journalist?答案:Who does the article hurt?;What are not mentioned among 5W1H?;Who does the article help?;What if the missing part was mentioned?5.Finding what is omitted but worth of mentioning is a way to find the opinionof the reporter.对第五章测试1.The falling tone in the news broadcast can show that the report is real,objective and serious.答案:对2.What elements might appear in disaster news?（多选）答案:The rescue.;The casualties.;The damages.3.Which is NOT the nick name for New York?答案:The Big City4.Backgrounds in news appear in different forms, they can be phrases, clauses,sentences, or even paragraphs.对5.In the inverted pyramid structure, the most important information is put atthe very beginning.答案:对第六章测试1.What are the three kinds of quotations? (多选)答案:Indirect quotation.;Direct quotation.;Partial quotation.2.Which of the following shows the right number for the word?答案:fortnight: 143.What can the approximate equality sign (≈) mean in note-taking?答案:about4.What can the sign of a star mean in note-taking?答案:important5."A powerful cyclone has hit eastern India, downing trees and power lines andcausing widespread damage in coastal areas. " What predictions can youmake from the lead? （多选答案:The casualties.;The rescue and relief efforts.;The intensity of thecyclone.;The damage caused by the cyclone.第七章测试1.In a straight news report, the most important information in the story isalways put___答案:up to the top2. A Commentary is usually a piece of___ writing.答案:argumentative3.The specific source is some kind_______ to well proof your viewpoint.答案:silent opinion4. The goal of creating social media messages is not only to reach youraudience, to share contents and emotions with others, but also to achieve an intended effect and to reflect the _________ of their author.答案:unique voice5. In 1979, the Pulitzer Prize Board established a category for a distinguishedexample for feature writing, that is “giving prime consideration to highliterary quality and originality.”答案:对第八章测试1.Which one of the following is not true?答案:Ask sensitive questions at the last minute of an interview.2.Which one of the following about retelling is not true?答案:Add your own opinion while retelling.3.The best evaluations are a combination of praise, areas for improvement, andspecific suggestions.答案:对4.Which of the following is not true about open question?答案:Television and radio interviews usually end with an open question.5.The focus of a profile interview is a person rather than an event or situation.答案:对。
新视野大学英语读写教程1(第三版)教案
(3).How will the next four years be different from any other? Or what great resources will you enjoy ? (Para.4)
(4).What responsibilities should college students shoulder according to the speaker? (Para.7)
●To apply the phrases and patterns
【高三二模】上海市浦东新区2023届高三英语二模及答案
上海市浦东新区2023届高三英语二模Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. His suit is too old to wear. B. He doesn’t want to wear a suit.C. He’ll go shopping with the woman.D. He doesn’t want to buy new clothes.2. A. He will look at the timetable first.B.10:30 is a perfect time for the reservation.C.The barber shop is fully booked on Saturday.D.No other customers plan to make appointments at 10:30.3. A. She didn’t buy the ticket. B. The ticket was expensive.C. There are still a few tickets left.D. She doesn’t know how much the ticket cost.4. A. He is quitting the orchestra for academic reasons.B.He is blamed for being a member of the orchestra.C.He doesn’t enjoy being a member of the orchestra.D.He prefers to study rather than travel and perform.5. A. Have a bigger breakfast. B. Make time for lunch in her schedule.C. Take only morning classes next semester.D. Change her schedule after she eats lunch.6. A. She doesn’t know where the calculator is.B.She expects the man to have the calculator repaired.C.She’d like the man to return the calculator by tonight.D.She’s angry for the man forgetting to bring the calculator.7. A. She has lost the credit card. B. They can’t buy meals at a low price.C. None of the restaurants is worth a try.D. The meals are less expensive than expected.8. A. The location of the session has been changed.B.She will definitely go to the session this evening.C.She’ll probably be too tired to walk to the session.D.The session might be canceled because of a heavy snow.9. A. He is usually not bad-tempered. B. He doesn’t like the man.C. He started the semester in a bad mood.D. He has few responsibilities.10. A. The girl may realize her dream with social media.B.The girl can present and record fashion on social media.C.The girl should first learn to make proper use of social media.D.The girl isn’t qualified as an influencer for her lack of taste in fashion.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A different angle. B. A sharp mind.C. Various ways of workout.D. Exposure to different cultures.12. A. He will accept the new environment easily.B.He is likely to struggle with the travel budget.C.He will have to organize different daily routine.D.He may find road trips more appealing than beach views.13. A. To show travelling may bring health risks.B.To show travelling allows you to meet new people.C.To show travelling can change a person’s outlook on life.D.To show travelling gives you a chance to challenge new things.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To detect potential danger in cold places.B.To generate more heat within their bodies.C.To keep their babies warm in breeding seasons.D.To get rid of extra heat with bigger skin surface.15. A. Wood mice. B. Bats in warm climates.C. Bird species.D. Kangaroos in Australia.16. A. Animals cope with body changes. B. Joel Allen’s rule is out of date.C. Climate change poses threat to species.D. Animals adapt to a warmer world.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. By using cash. B. By entering a password.C. By scanning the code.D. By using a tap-and-go card.18. A. Because it touches the card reader.B.Because it uses the password.C.Because it has a built-in signal receiver.D.Because it receives the flying data.19. A. The bank will cover its clients against the loss.B.Every transaction is completed within half a second.C.People must enter their ID card number for continual use.D.Each payment is restricted to a certain amount of money.20. A. Look for his wallet. B. Apply for a tap-and-go card.C. Borrow cash from the woman.D. Stick to buying things in cash.I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Emily Dobek is a seventh-grader at East Prairie Elementary School. Recently she (21) (win) a national prize by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back (22) Grade Three when she and her father watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse ( 月食 ) — on the roof of their house. She says that night watching the lunar eclipse awakened her passion (23) has yet to run out of fuel.So (24) her teacher, Andrew Smeeton, received information about the national challenge, she immediately had one student in mind.“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her research,” Smeeton said. “When she started, bone density (骨密度) of astronauts (25) (research) immediately to figure out how to survive on Mars.”According to Dobek’s design, the Mars Storage Station (MSS) will be built (26) (accommodate) the need for sufficient supplies. She explains how her spacecraft —the Adventure —will be joined to a space station before flying to the MSS to load supplies. Her design includesthe Self Growing Farm, and she details (27) it would work with elements on Mars.Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek’s design. A simulator( 模拟器) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms with circular ceilings allow astronauts to watch (28) (download) shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.Chief among her immediate goals, she said, is to inspire (29) with this project. “I want to tell other kids to follow their passions,” Dobek said, “(30)they want to do, they should kind ofjust push for it. They should always try their best.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Japan saw 799,728 births in 2022, the lowest number on record. That number has nearly halved in the past 40 years; by contrast, Japan recorded more than 1.5 million births in 1982. Japan also reported a(n) 31 high for post-war deaths last year, at more than 1.58 million. Deaths have 32 births in Japan for more than a decade, posing a growing problem for leaders of the world’s third-largest economy. They now face a ballooning elderly population, along with a shrinking workforce to 33 pensions and health care as demand from the aging population increases. Japan’s population has been in 34 decline since its economic boom of the 1980s and stood at 125.5 million in 2021. Its death rate of 1.3 is far below the rate of 2.1 required to maintain a stable population, in the 35 of immigration.The country also has one of the highest life expectancies in the world; in 2020, nearly one in 1,500 people in Japan were aged 100 or older. These concerning trends resulted in a warning from Prime Minister that Japan is “on the edge of not being able to maintain social 36 ” and Japan “simply cannot wait any longer” in solving the problem of its low birth rate. A new government agency will be set up to focus on the issue, with Prime Minister saying that he wants the government to 37 its spending on child-related programs.But money alone might not be able to solve the complex problem, with various social factors contributing to the low birth rate. Japan’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Urban couples are also often far from 38 family in other regions, who could help provide support. In 2022, Japan was ranked one of the world’s most expensive places to raise a child. And yet, thecountry’s economy has slowed down since the early 1990s, meaning frustratingly low wages and little 39 mobility.The average real annual household income declined from $50,600 in 1995 to $43,300 in 2020. Attitudes toward marriage and starting families have also 40 in recent years, with more couples putting off both during the pandemic.II.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A recent series of studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. They focused on three different sports: World Cup soccer, professional basketball, and professional baseball. The results were mixed. For soccer and basketball, the studies revealed that adding talented players to a team is indeed a(n) 41 strategy, but only up to a point. Performance 42 when about 70% of the players were considered top talent. Above that level, the team’s performance began to decline. Interestingly, this trend was not evident in baseball, where additional 43 talent continued to enhance the team’s performance. (Figure 1 and 2)In looking for an explanation for the different results for different sports, the researchers 44 one important factor — the extent to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. This task 45 distinguishes baseball from basketball and soccer.In baseball, the performance of individual players is 46 teammates than in soccer and basketball. The researchers concluded that when, during the course of play, task interdependence is high, team performance will47 when there is too much talent in the group. When task interdependence is lower, 48 , individual talent will have a positive effect on team performance.One explanation for this phenomenon is not so far from the pecking order (等级排序) situation among chickens. If a basketball star is pursuing his own personal goals, 49 , trying to gather a high personal point total, he may be less 50 as a team player. He may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, thus making the team’s overall performance suffer. “There is no51 in TEAM,” young children learning to play team sports are often told. Apparently stars 52 follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may begin to 53 . This is referred to as the Ringelmann effect. Ringelmann conducted an experiment in which he asked two, three, four, and up to 28 people to participate in a game of tug-of-war. He measured how much force each person used to pull the rope. He found that whenever he added a person to the team, everyone else pulled with less force.54 the ideal team — for sports, business, science, or entertainment — is more complicated than simply hiring the best talent. An A-team may require a 55 — not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.41. A. sensible B. partial C. alarming D. attainable42. A. faded B. peaked C. evolved D. proceeded43. A. team B. creative C. academic D. individual44. A. identified B. overlooked C. considered D. concealed45. A. explanation B. conclusion C. discussion D. interdependence46. A. more suitable for B. more critical to C. less dependent on D. less involved in47. A. swing B. suffer C. endure D. function48. A. in principle B. in a sense C. in other words D. on the other hand49. A. as a rule B. by contrast C. for example D. as a matter of fact50. A. stressed B. genuine C. sensitive D. generous51. A. I B. HE C. THEY D. WE52. A. closely B. rarely C. humbly D. jointly53. A. make less effort B. cause more trouble C. take less advantage D. attach more importance54. A. Inspiring B. Intensifying C. Gathering D. Training55. A. exploration B. balance C. stability D. flexibilitySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)It was a winter afternoon when, rushing to attend the final show of my art school degree, I caught the heel of my boot on the edge of a pavement. Suddenly, I was flying through the air. Ifthe past two years studying photography had taught me anything, it was an appreciation of how things can change in a thousandth of a second. Light, shadow, colours, all are in a constant state of flux (不断的变动) — as is life. And since crash-landing onto my left shoulder, I have been living through the truth of this wisdom.That day, doctors diagnosed a cracked bone. It was only the next morning when, instinctively, I tried to capture some spectacular sunlight streaming into my kitchen, that I had to face the harsh reality: I could no longer lift my camera, let alone use it. Later that week, a hospital appointment confirmed my worst fear — the arm needed total rest.Soon, I became cantankerous and impatient. I couldn’t travel, I couldn’t go anywhere much. Surfing online, I came across the concept of gratitude interventions and their role in boosting mood and wellbeing. A Californian psychologist, Sonja Lyubomirsky, has pioneered research into using a daily photography practice as a tool for enhanced gratitude. Her instructions are simple, but not necessarily easy. Take photographs throughout the day of things that are central to who you are. Take at least five photos a day. Initially, it felt like a demanding task. But reading how participants assigned to the gratitude interventions had experienced enhanced positive emotions, I decided to persevere.Pain forced me to slow down, because capturing a single iPhone photo was painful. And, yet, the struggle to find anything to feel grateful about, and then to record it, started to dramatically improve both my mood and my images. I began to photograph the most boring details of my days, from my breakfast cup to a red pepper reflected in the window. Despite everything, I found I could find magic in the ordinary. “Life seems repetitive and boring when you don’t notice the uniqueness of each moment and the constant subtle changes that are going on all around you,” writes Andy Karr in a wonderful book o n photography. I agree, but don’t just take my word for it — experience it for yourself.56.What happened to the writer on the winter afternoon?A.She went to her classmate’s degree show in a hurry.B.She tripped over and broke her shoulder bone.C.She was taught an unforgettable lesson on photography.D.She took a photo of a tragic crash-landing to be on show.57.The underlined word “cantankerous” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .A.suspicious of the hospital diagnosisB. desperate to have my injury treatedC. enthusiastic about boosting wellbeingD. bad-tempered and always complaining58.The writer photographed the boring life routine because .A.underlying magic consisted in daily affairsB.gratitude fuelled a struggle against boredomC.it was central to the essence of photographyD.she felt like being assigned demanding tasks59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Express Gratitude to WinterB. Become a Master of PhotographyC. Witness Rebirth out of InjuryD. Picture this Beauty in the OrdinaryReviewsFilter byMost commentsRating Newest ENTERTAINMENT | RESTAURANTS | THEATRE | FILM | MUSIC | EXHIBITIONSA notable highlight of the show was the real confidence of the singing. Sam Hall was ajoy to watch, with perfect comic timing, as was Emma Williams, thoroughlybelievable and convincing in her role. These two young talents stole the show , inmy opinion. The only disappointments were the dancing, which showed a lack of originality, and the opening scene, which fell a little flat. Despite the occasional technical flaws, this was a highly enjoyable and greatly impressive production, which the company should be proud of.I was really looking forward to Jonathan Baker’s latest, which is set in an imagined,but realistic, London of the near future. But I found this new effort was let down by theslightly one-dimensional characterization, and the writing is below standard forthe most part: some of the early scenes between Martha and her husband are slightly boring. The superb characterization and ambition that Baker demonstrated in his previous novels seem to be missing here. Baker’s commitment to describing the lives of ordinary people is admirable, but the whole thing is lacking in energy.This is episode number three in the nearly twenty-year-old series, delivering a very attractive andinteresting story and loads of comedy. There is some strong writing and voice acting, but the newepisode chooses to go for a linear (线性的) narrative, with some puzzles included along the way,which is less involving than the theme of exploration and conversation which previous episodes havedepended on. Besides, the puzzles are not particularly engaging, and many of them have been seenbefore in other adventure games. The visuals are extremely impressive, of course, as we have come to expect, this time featuring venues in Catalonia. But overall, a slight disappointment.60. The underlined phrase “stole the show ” most probably means .A. disappointed the producerB. ruined the whole performanceC. attracted the most attentionD. exhibited excessive confidence61. Which of the following statements about Jonathan Baker is TRUE ?A. He excels in one-dimensional characterization.B. His novels center around ordinary people’s lives.C. His novels show consistent super characterization and ambition.D. He is passionate about presenting realistic images of future London.62. The puzzles in episode number three .A. are integrated in the narrativeB. are appealing to the audienceC. deal with the theme of explorationD. are absent in other adventure gamesPlugs across AmericaThe United States has around 150,000 fuel stations to refill fossil-fuel-burning vehicles. Despite the rapid growth of all-electric vehicles in America — 400,000 of them were sold in 2021, up from barely 10,000 in 2012 — the country has only 6,000 fast electric charging stations, the kind that can rapidly charge a battery-powered car.A glance at America’s charging map reveals a lot of charging deserts. This makes sense, as EVs (electric vehicles) still represent less than 3% of new car sales. Large cities have a growing number of fast chargers, but not nearly enough to accommodate so many EVs. Away from cities, these chargers are along interstate highways closely enough to allow electric cars safe passage. Otherwise, they are nearly nonexistent in rural America. And EV stations have a problem that gas stations don’t: “Even the fastest T esla supercharger is still going to take 15 minutes to put a couple hundred miles on the vehicle,” says Jeremy Michalek, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University.Michalek says American charging facilities fall far behind what’s needed for the whole count ry to transition to electric driving. On the bright side, there is time to catch up, because not all Americans will embrace EVs at once. Most early adopters were those with access to a charger at home in their garage or parking space. Those owners can wake up with a full battery and only need to rely on public chargers when they leave town on an extended trip. But as the country gets to higher levels of EV adoption, the current facilities won’t be enough. That is why Michalek says the US needs to prioritize increasing the number of chargers at rest stops along well-traveled highways, especially as more people use electric cars for summer-time road trips.“As we get to higher levels of EV adoption, if we don’t have enough chargers for peak demand, the wait ti mes are going to be unlike what we see with gas stations,” he says.Charging dead zones will be larger as more Americans consider an EV. Renters who do not have the option to install a home charger will be hesitant to go fully electric until they can feel confident a public plug will be there when they need it. And as more households drive only electric vehicles, it will be crucial that people can get to all the places they want to go.In the best case, Michalek envisions public-private cooperation to build a national charging network. The US government has promised to install plugs throughout rural areas, while companies constructing charging stations across America will have a strong motivation to fill in the country’s biggest cities. After all, companies like Electrify America, EVgo, and ChargePoint charge customers of energy they use.63.It can be learned from the 2nd paragraph that .A.there is a shortage of charging stations in the rural areas ofAmericaB.it takes about 15 minutes for an average charger to charge a battery-powered carC.more electric vehicles are sold than fossil-fuel burning cars in large cities in AmericaD.there are enough chargers in America considering the limited sales ofnew electric vehicles64.Which of the following statements would Michalek most probably agree with?panies setting up charging stations are hesitant to go electric.B.Those who already have a home charger don’t have to find a public plug.C.Top priority needs to be given to adding more charging stations across the country.D.There is enough time to establish a charging network, because not many EVs are used.65.What can be inferred about the renters?A.Some renters don’t have the intention to go electric.B.Some renters might not be authorized to install a home charger.C.As more renters are unwilling to use public plugs, the charging dead zones are growing.D.Some renters might not have enough confidence in the public plugs for the safety reasons.66.Who does Michalek expect to work together to establish the charging network nationwide?A.The government and some companies.B. The local government and every household.C. The charging facility providers and every family.D. The federal government and the local rural government.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In reality gardens are anything but natural.B.What are the things they have been attracted to?C.They are idealized landscapes with all the mud, pests and dead plants edited out.D.How much better a place the planet would be if gardening was our outlet for this need!E.Much like agriculture, gardening is a universal human desire coded into our cultural DNA.F.The calmness created by owning a tiny green space under my control has a powerful effect on my mind.As a botanist who studies our cultural relationship with plants, I am forever fascinated with what draws people to gardening.Admittedly, connecting with the natural world might seem like an obvious motivation,and undoubtedly it is a key part of the attraction. 67 If they were, we’d abandon anyattempts at design, planting or care and watch how walls of weeds slowly gave way to themass of bushes. But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, theone thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are. 68 Dazzlingplants, water features and glorious blooms is all interconnected well beyond what would naturally occur. Whether it is green lawns created in the driest deserts or a tropical paradise on a stormy North Atlantic island, they are all about shaping the natural world to fit our idea of what it “should” be.As I work on my tiny terrariums ( 玻璃花园) on dark February nights, something magical happens to my brain.69 In a world that has become increasingly uncertain, people are often fuelled by the same psychological desire: the instinctive need to have a bit of control amid chaos.As our world becomes more and more unpredictable and often frightening, gardening seems to be able to appeal to and reach out to a whole new generation, often against all odds.Of course, gardening isn’t the only thing people turn to. The rise of culture conflict s and fixation on body image have also been widely documented as being driven by a psychological need to feel a degree of certainty, control and safety. However, I can’t help but think of these alternatives: 70III.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.A plan to restore green spacesThe UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wildlife. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space.As well as helping more people to get close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A Species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and water rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers.New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25-year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation”, which is roughly 25 years.Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Paul de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.有了无人机，救援人员就可以安全地评估灾区的受灾状况。
研究生英语期末考试大题
Unit 11. A topic is what the essay or research paper is about. Choosing a topic for your literature review or research paper requires careful consideration.2. Four principles of deciding on a topicInteresting、Important、Manageable、Adequate3. A research question is a statement that identifies the focus of your topic. It is the question that your study or your paper wants to answer.4.A research question, therefore, serves two purposes:1) It identifies the specific objectives your research or your paper will address.2) It determines the size of your research or the length of your paper.5. A working title refers to the title you think of initially for the essay which you are going to write, which may be changed as you read more articles and become more involved in the research.6. A good title must briefly but accurately reflect the main ideas of the essay or indicates the topic you will be discussing in the essay.7. a typical title is composed ofsubject matter、key words of the method、key words of the contentUnit 21.Source materials are any information which you take from books, journal articles,websites, newspapers, lectures, etc.2.The reasons find source materials are:3.1) to show where your idea in your essay is originated;4.2) to show that you have done research to find "evidence" for your viewpoint, forreferencing a source will give your essay academic "weight";5.3) to show that you have a better understanding of the opinions and even controversiesin the subject you have studied;6.4) to allow your readers to find the original sources themselves if necessary.7.How to evaluate source materials1)Is the material a primary or a secondary source?2)Is the source the latest one?3)Is the author a reliable scholar or an expert in the field?4)Does the author have biases or prejudices?5)Has the author been cited frequently in the field?6)Are the author’s arguments supported by evidence such as statistics, experiment,recent scientific findings?7)Are different opinions considered and weighed or simply ignored?8)Are the author’s arguments and conclusions convincing?8.Remember that the sources you are going to use should be:9.1) recent source materials which give new information and results of your discipline;10.2) unbiased publications which are more trustworthy;11.3) from writers who are the authorities of a certain field and whose works are frequentlycited.12.Scanning is the strategy used to look up a specific detail in an entire essay or a book,Hence, scanning is very useful for locating specific information (such as a specificdefinition, name, date, statistic, or a fact without reading the entire essay or book.)13.How to scan1)keep in mind at all times what you are searching for (e.g., the definition of a term,the effect of a phenomenon);2)search thesis statements and topic sentences in paragraphs for the informationyou want to gain;3)use the knowledge of the essay organization(such as cause-effect, comparison-contrast, problem-solution) to find what you are looking for;4)pay attention to signal words such as numbers, letters, steps, the words such as first,second, and next, or words that are bold-faced, italics, or in different sizes, fonts, etc.5)14.How to skimthe title and subtitles;the abstract (if there is one);the introduction and thesis;the first or last paragraphs of the essays/chapters;headings and subheadings;the conclusion and summaries;the first sentence or the last sentence of each paragraph;highlighted texts such as words in bold or italic text;graphs, tables or diagrams.15.A topic sentence consists of two parts: the topic and a comment which is made about thetopic.16.How to guessing word meaning from context1)Use restatement or synonym clues such as in other words, that is, also known as,sometimes called as.2)Use collocation knowledge to guess the meaning from the neighboring words in thesentences.3)Use antonym or contrast clues such as but, however, unlike, in contrast, instead of,while.4)Use definition clues such as is defined as, or an appositive phrase.5)Use explanation clues such as because, as a result, consequently.6)Use example or anecdote clues such as for example, such as, like.Guessing word meaning through affixes and rootsMany academic words, especially words and terms in disciplines are built up from roots that have a meaning. 1. multi- 多种的2. nano- 纳米9. micro- 微小8. semi- 半；duct 引导mon text structures are:1)Problem and solution. (signal words: the problem is, the solutions are and so on.)2)Cause and effect. (signal words or phrases: because, for, due to, therefore, as a result,consequently, one important factor/cause is, etc.)3)Comparison and contrast. (signal words or phrases: in comparison, however, similarly,by contrast, and so on.)4)Advantages and disadvantages. (signal words: on the contrary, compared with, theadvantage is, etc.)5)Order and sequence. (signal words: first, second, then, additionally, etc.)6)Description and list. (signal words: for example, for instance, a good case in point is,etc.)7)Definition and classification. (signal words: the definition is, can be divided / classifiedinto, and so on.)18.Critical reading means19.recognizing an author’s purpose;20.recognizing tone and persuasive elements;21.recognizing implicit bias.22.Note-taking is of significance for recording the main ideas that will form the backboneof your research paper, gathering specific evidence to support your main ideas and recording the exact wording of the sources you may want to quote in your paper.23.Content of a good note includes:24.1) a summary of main ideas and chief findings of the source;25.2) a paraphrase of the important ideas;26.3) direct quotations of the key statements;27.4) statistics such as percentages and dates;28.5) author's name, title of the book or article, title of the journal, and page ranges.29.Writing a short summary of a paragraph/paragraphs is an important part of note-taking.It is also a good way to have a better understanding of what you have read.the summary will not only help you to understand and memorize the ideas of the essay but also facilitate the writing of your own research paper.15.Essential tips of write a summary1)Read the paragraph or the whole article until you have fully understood it.2)Highlight the topic sentences and underline the important ideas, data, the major findingsand chief conclusions.3)Use your own words to combine these important ideas in the same order as the original.4)Use the author’s key words and phrases but avoid using the same vocabulary andstructures as the original.5)Avoid adding your own interpretation or comment.6)Note down the source of the essay with correct bibliographic form, such as author, yearpublished, article title, journal title, volume number (issue number), page numbers, etc. Unit 41. A literature review i s a very important part of the research project. It may be a self-contained review or a part of the introduction to an academic essay. In either case, its purpose is to demonstrate a clear understanding of the topic being investigated.Namely, your literature review must tell what has been done on the topic, what different scholars have said about their own research, what major findings have been published, and what controversial areas exist.2.Before writing, to be critical, you must ask questions like these about each book orarticle you read:1)Is the problem clearly defined? Is its significance clearly established?2)Could the problem have been approached more effectively from another perspectiveor on another theory?3)Is the author's research orientation (e.g. descriptive, critical, empirical) appropriate?4)Is there a theoretical framework and is it appropriate to the research (e.g.psychological, developmental, cognitive, feminist)?5)Has the author evaluated the literature relevant to the problem/issue? Does theauthor include literature taking positions she or he does not agree with?6)How reliable are the basic components of the study design (e.g. population, variables,outcome)? How accurate and valid are the methods used? Is the analysis of the data accurate and relevant to the research question? Are the conclusions validly based upon the data and analysis?7)Does the author avoid using one-sided examples, or rhetorically-charged languageand tone? Is there an objective basis to the reasoning?8)In what ways does this book or article contribute to your understanding of theproblem under study, and in what ways is it useful for practice? What are the strengths and limitations?3.While writing your literature review, it is important for you to take the following tips:4.1) indicate the objective of the literature review;2)search for materials relevant to the topic being investigated;3)read the materials carefully and critically before determining which literaturecontributes most to your topic;4)discuss the findings and conclusions of each article in a critical way;5)describe the relationship of each work to others under consideration;6)organize your review in a logical order (e.g. those in support of the topic, thoseagainst it, those offering alternatives);7)explain if possible their similarities and differences;8)identify gaps in the literature for further study or point out what is left to explore;9)indicate the way forward for further research.5.The steps of writing a self-contained literature review are the followings:1)write a summary of each article you have gathered for your literature review;2)combine the summaries logically, by using connective phrases or sentences;3)write an introductory paragraph, including the definition of the topic and itsbackground information;4)make your comments, if necessary, on the past studies.6. a literature review as a part of an essay is not a mere combination of summaries ofmaterial sources. The choice of previous research and even ideas and findings in a previous article is completely based on the research questions you set out to answer in your essay.In other words, you should avoid including in your literature review all ideas and findings in the previous articles.Most important is that such a literature review should contain your critical comments on the previous studies, especially their weaknesses or limitations so that your present study will be more rational and significant rather than being a repeat.The literature review as a part of the essay will be shorter than a self-contained literaturereview, introducing the main findings of each work only.7.Citation, the way to use sources, is a major part of a literature review and is also frequentlyused in supporting your arguments.There are two methods. One is quoting (copying the exact words of the author) and the other is paraphrasing (rewriting what the writer said in your own words).8.Citation consists of two parts: i) citation of the content and ii) documentation of itssource.9.documentation which means the identification of the source of the ideas and quotationsused in the literature review or／and in your research paper. In other words you have to tell the reader that you used the source and where it came from. Failing to document your sources, whether intentionally or unintentionally, is plagiarism,Hence documentation includes the identification not only of the words and sentences you copied but also of the ideas and information you borrowed.10.In-text documentation, or rather, a brief parenthetical acknowledgement in the text,contains two parts：i)the last name of the author(s) and ii) the date of their publication in parentheses as shown in the underlined parts of the foIlowing passage.11.Plagiarism is kind of theft, referring to the use of others' ideas, findings, arguments, data,and words without appropriate citation or documentation.12.According to Gibaldi (1999), plagiarism is committed when a person fails to giveappropriate citation and documentation when13.1) he/she copies a sentence from the sources;14.2) he/she paraphrases another's argument;15.3) he/she presents another's line of thinking.16.Paraphrasing is a complete rewriting or restating. It is a condensed version of anotherauthor's work, or putting the author's words into your own words though you should avoid any interpretation of the source materials.Appropriate paraphrasing means rewriting with substantial changes in language and organization.Unit 51.There are two major kinds of academic paper: primary research paper and secondaryresearch paper.2. A primary research paper is the study of a subject through firsthand investigation,involving presenting original ideas and information on your own. In most cases you need to conduct a survey or an experiment to obtain new findings. Hence it is sometimes called "survey-or-experiment-based research".3. A secondary research paper, however, involves gathering and analyzing the researchfindings from other people's research. To illustrate your argument, you need to borrow and use evidence and findings available on the topic in the library or on the Internet.Hence it is sometimes called "library-or-lnternet-based research".4.The introduction section is the start of a research article and its main purpose is to givea clear picture of what the article is about and what the attitude of the author is.5.An introduction usually includes the following elements:1)Introduce the topic or problem with which the research essay is concerned.2)Give a clear definition of the topic and of the related key terms.3)Provide the relevant background information/context of the topic.4)Review the previous related studies and point out their limitation if necessary.5)State the purpose/objective of the essay.6)Introduce the theoretical perspectives the essay might use.7)Justify your choice of the topic or give the reasons for your research.8)Explain how the essay will be organized (the outline of the essay).6.Functions of introduction sectionsIntroduction to the topicBackground informationJustificationDefinition of key termsWriter’s purposeThesis statementOutline of structure7.Steps to write the body section of the secondary research essay:1)Evaluate all source materials you have gathered;2)Design the structure or organization of you essay according to research questions,such as cause and effect, or comparison and contrast;3)Arrange the arguments in a logical order according to the chosen structure;4)Select and organize source materials to illustrate the ideas of the topic sentencesrespectively.mon types of organization when write the body of the secondary research essayA.Effect analysisThe structure of effect analysis may be used to analyze the effect of a certain phenomenon such as global warming ,nuclear radiation, the use of genetically modified organisms and so on.B.Cause analysis.To analyze the causes for a phenomenon such as earthquakes, climate changes, sleep deprivation and breast cancer, you may use the body structure of causal analysis.C. C. Pro-and-con analysisD.The structure may be used to weigh both advantages and disadvantages of atechnology such as GM food, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, synthetical biology, Web 3.0 and so on.parison analysisF.To compare and contrast two subjects such as computers and human brains, ororganic food and traditional food, you may either use the subject-to-subject body structure or the point- to-point body structure.9.The methods section, which is a detailed breakdown of the experiment or survey,questions an experiment or survey should answer:10.1) What are your research questions?11.2) How is your research carried out?12.3) How is your data collected?13.4) How are your results obtained?14.Points one should make clear to readers when writing the body of a primary researchessay:1）subjects of the experiment (How were they chosen?);2）the materials (What equipment or tools were used? Where and in what condition was the experiment conducted?);3）the procedure (How did you design your study and what steps did you follow when the data were collected?);4）the criteria (What criteria are used for selecting subjects?);5）the survey (How the questionnaire is designed and administered? How are the samples or respondents chosen? And how the interview is conducted--by telephone or door to door?)6）statistical analysis (How were statistics analyzed?).15.The results section describes the statistical results and the findings of the research, whichdirectly answers your research questions. It deals with the facts rather than the opinions.The opinions such as evaluation and commentary should be saved in the discussion section.16.Contents of results section when Writing the body of a primary research essay1）an overview of the experiment or a summary of the findings;2）detailed presentation of the representative data and/or graphic aids and their locating and/or analysis;3）detailed presentation of the findings.17.Functions that the conclusion can serve:1)to summarize the main ideas or key findings in the essay;2)to make some comments on the findings;3)to compare your results with previous results;4)to explain unexpected results;5)to explore possible implications;6)to point out its limitations of the work covered by your essay;7)to mention further research that might be required.18.An abstract, composed after your research paper is finished and placed before the maintext, is a condensed summary of the paper's key information. The main purpose is to enable the readers to be informed of the basic content and chief results of your paper quickly and accurately.19.What an abstract should include:1)the statement of the problem;2)the purpose or objective of the study;3)the methods or brief description of the experiment;4)the important data or results of any statistical analysis;5)the chief findings;6)the principal conclusions or recommendations.20.Rules for writing a reference list:1）Place the reference list after the last section of the essay.2）Do not include sources which have not been cited in the text of the essay.3）Start each item in the list at the left margin. If an item extends to more than one line, indent the additional lines.4）Use the last or family name and initials (not full names) for all authors.5）Arrange the items in the alphabetical order of authors’ family names.21.In this case you need to use cautious language to avoid the possibility of people sayingthat you are wrong. The cautious language is called hedging.mon hedging expressions:1）Certain introductory verbs and phrases such as seem, tend, look like, appear to be, think, believe, our knowledge, it is our view that, we feel that;2）Certain modal lexical verbs such as believe, assume, suggest, estimate;3）Certain modal auxiliary verbs such as will, must, would, may, might, could, can;4）Certain adverbs of frequency and degree such as often, sometimes, usually, approximately, roughly, about, occasionally, generally, somewhat, somehow, a lot of;5）Certain modal adverbs and adjectives such as probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably, possible, probable, un/likely, presumably, virtually, apparently;6）Certain modal nouns such as assumption, possibility, probability, claim, estimate, suggestion；7）Certain it-clauses s uch as it could be the case that…, it might be suggested that…, it may be possible to obtain…, it is important to develop…, it is useful to study…;8）Certain if-clauses such as if true, if anything.23.Proofreading is the final step of writing an academic essay. It is about searching yourwriting for basic grammatical and mechanical errors to make sure that your paper is free from any errors before submitting your paper to your teacher or a journal.24.checking globally1) The title and abstract 2) The introduction section 3) The conclusion section4) The body section 5) Topic sentences 6) Citation 7) ReferenceChecking grammatically1) Sentence fragments 2) Dangling Modifiers 3) Ambiguous Pronoun Reference4) Problems of Agreement 5) Problems of Tense 6) Problems of Articles7) Uncountable nouns8) Misused words9) Choppy sentences10) Run-on sentences。
智慧树知到《中级英语写作》章节测试答案
智慧树知到《中级英语写作》章节测试答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1智慧树知到《中级英语写作》章节测试答案绪论1、“中级英语写作”课程的主要写作训练是什么A.句子写作B.段落写作C.篇章写作答案: 篇章写作2、本课程不以应试为目的，但通过系统的写作训练可以达到应对英语专业四级和相应水平写作考试的要求。
A.对B.错答案: 对3、本课程除了线上视频学习，没有其他直播互动环节。
A.对B.错答案: 错4、我们的课程特色是什么A.专业教师团队B.国家精品课程之一C.紧密结合教学实践答案: 专业教师团队 ,国家精品课程之一 ,紧密结合教学实践5、本课程采取“过程写作教学法”，主要包括哪些过程A.预写B.谋篇C.文本修改答案: 预写,谋篇,文本修改第一章1、As a writer, you should be clear about your writing purpose and write for your purpose.A.对B.错答案: 对2、If a writer can express his or her ideas clearly, he or she doesn’t have to consider too much about the audience.A.对B.错答案: 错3、What is the second thing to do in the stage of prewriting？A.assess the writing situationB.generate ideasanize ideas答案: generate ideas4、What could be the methods when you are generating ideas?A.freewritingB.clusteringC.brainstorming答案: freewriting ,clustering ,brainstorming5、Revising is also a part of writing process.A.对B.错答案: 对6、Thesis statement contains the main idea and outline of an essay.A.对B.错答案: 对7、A thesis statement should be restricted and unified, but it doesn’t have to be specific.A.对B.错答案: 错8、What may a good introduction look like?A.It is interesting.B.It quotes a famous saying.C.It may raise a controversial question.D.All of the above.答案: All of the above.9、What should you include in the body part of an essay?A.sub-points (or topic sentences)B.supporting detailsC.conclusionD.title答案: sub-points (or topic sentences) ,supporting details10、What should be included in a conclusion paragraph?A.summary of the main pointsB.restatemenst of the main pointsC.emphasis of the main pointsD.new ideas about the main points答案: summary of the main points,restatemenst of the main points,emphasis of the main points 第二章1、Narrative writings only include stories.A.对B.错答案: 错2、What kinds of human conflict are involved in narrative writings?A.internal conflictB.external conflictC.formal conflict答案: internal conflict,external conflict3、A writer can write a story in his or her own way without a definite focus.A.对B.错答案: 错4、Should the thesis statement of a narrative essay always be in the introduction?A.YesB.No答案: No5、Is the background information necessary in the introduction of narration?A.YesB.No答案: Yes6、Which part should a writer put the focus on in narrative writings?A.introductionB.conclusionC.climax答案: climax7、A writer can change the point of view from time to time in the narration.A.对B.错答案: 错8、A writer should select details and events for the writing purpose instead of including everything of the story.A.对B.错答案: 对9、Should there be a long ending for a story?A.YesB.No答案: No10、What could be involved in narration?A.descriptionB.dialoguesC.time signals答案: description ,dialogues ,time signals第三章1、What are the two kinds of descriptive essays?A.Objective descriptionB.Subjective descriptionC.Argumentative descriptionD.Analytical description答案:2、What are the major language features of a good descriptive essay?A.It uses sensory language.B.It provide sufficient details.C.It is very specific.D.It does not need a thesis.答案:3、In descriptive essays, what is sensory language?A.SightB.HearingC.SmellD.TouchE.Taste答案:4、Objective descriptions are most frequently seen in scientific report, medical descriptions and crime report.A.对B.错答案:5、Subjective descriptions do not include personal feelings.A.对B.错答案:6、You have to include every detail when you write a descriptive essay.A.对B.错答案:7、You don’t need a thesis statement when you write a descriptive essay.A.对B.错答案:8、Conclusion of a description should not include new points.A.对B.错答案:第四章1、What is the most important thing for your thesis statement of comparison and contrast to tell the reader?A.The biggest differences between your subjects.B.Why it is important to compare these subjects.C.The biggest similarities between your subjects.答案:2、Why do you sometimes choose to organize your essay using the compare then contrast format?A.It is the easiest format to use.B.To make your paper longer.C.If one topic is better than the other.D.If your two topics are equally important.答案:3、Which thesis statement below is less effectiveA.New employees must go through four training sessions before they start to work.B.You can acquire a competitive spirit by practicing five personality traits.C.In this essay I want to discuss what the government should do to help homeless children.D.Preparing for a PowerPoint presentation can really be quite easy.答案:4、Which is not the source of examples in expository?A.Personal experienceB.ObservationC.Personal readingD.Personal ideas答案:5、What can you emphasize when you write a cause-effect essay?A.Cause only.B.Effect only.C.Either cause or effect, or both.答案:6、What is not correct concerning the conclusion paragraph of a cause-effect essay?A.It summarizes the main points of the essay.B.It restates the thesis.C.It can include new points that have not appeared in the body part.D.It emphasizes the major position of the author.答案:7、In the process analysis writing, what can help a writer decide whether it is an informational or a directional type of process?A.the purpose of writingB.needs of audienceC.the purpose of reading答案:8、If one step in the process is trivial or unimportant, a writer can choose to omit it in the process analysis.A.对B.错答案:9、What should you consider when choosing to compare or contrast the two subjects?A.They belong to the same category.B.They are compared based on the same criteria.C.They are different enough to be compared.D.They are same enough to be compared.答案:10、What kind of orders can you follow when you write cause-effect essay?A.Chronological order.B.Order of time.C.Order of interest.D.Order of importance.答案:第五章1、An argument consists of ( ) .A.an issueB. a positionC.support答案:2、A thesis statement in argumentation does not necessarily show the writer’s position on the issue.A.对B.错答案:3、A writer’s posit ion can be neutral if he wants to comment on both sides of the issue.A.对B.错答案:4、The following statement is a fact: Many animals get sick and die in zoos.A.对B.错答案:5、Introducing irrelevant issues to distract readers is ( ).A.red herringB.begging a questionC.false authority答案:6、Acknowledging the opposing views is important in argumentation.A.对B.错答案:7、What is an important factor for a writer to decide whether to put responses to opposing views before or after the arguments?A.audienceB.length of the essayC.the writer’s willingness答案:8、Could a writer use irony or ridiculing opposite views to convince readers?A.YesB.No答案:9、The logical reasoning methods include ( ).A.inductionB.conductionC.deduction答案:10、What are the “Three Appeals” to readers?A.ethical appealsB.rational appealsC.internal appealsD.emotional appeals。
创编一篇间谍在游乐园寻找宝藏的英语作文
创编一篇间谍在游乐园寻找宝藏的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Thrilling Spy Adventure at Wonderland Amusement ParkSchool had just let out for summer vacation, and I couldn't wait to head to Wonderland - the newest amusement park that had just opened up nearby. My friends and I had been looking forward to it for months. Little did I know, my summer was about to take an unexpected turn into a real-life spy adventure!It was a blazing hot day as we entered the park, the smell of funnel cakes and eau de sunscreen filling the air. We rushed towards the massive looping roller coaster, roller-coaster named the Adrenaline Rush. As we were inching ahead in the sweltering line, I noticed a suspicious-looking man dressed in a black suit despite the heat. He kept surveying the area through dark sunglasses, as if he were looking for someone."Hey, don't you think that guy looks kind of weird?" I nudged my friend Chris.Chris rolled his eyes. "Dude, you read too many spy novels. That's probably just some business guy here with his family."I wasn't convinced, but we reached the front of the line and any thought of the strange man was pushed out of my mind as we boarded the coaster. By the time we staggered off the ride, my legs were like jelly but I was grinning from ear to ear. This was the best day ever!We headed towards the ring toss game next. As we approached the stand, I noticed the man in black lingering nearby, talking intently into a cell phone with a stern expression. When he saw me looking over, he abruptly ended the call and wandered off."Okay, that was weird..." I started to say to Chris, but he just laughed me off.We cycled through various games, rides, and a petting zoo area before feeling famished and deciding to grab some lunch. As we walked towards the food court area, I did a double take. There was the man in black again, this time huddled behind a potted plant and appearing to scribble notes furiously into a small notebook. Before I could get a better look, he looked up and our eyes met briefly before he stuffed the notebook into his jacket and brushed past us wordlessly."Okay, you can't tell me that wasn't sketchy!" I exclaimed to my friends as we sat down with our chili cheese fries and pizza.They all insisted I was being paranoid and probably just felt dizzy from the crazy rides. I had to admit, it did seem far-fetched that there could be some sort of spy situation happening right here at Wonderland of all places.After lunch, we headed towards the park's centerpiece - a massive spectacle called Treasure Falls. It featured a 120-foot tall miniature mountain surrounded by an enormous river rapid ride. Waterfalls gushed down the mountainside into the swirling rapids below. My eyes were immediately drawn to a large cavern entrance at the very peak of Treasure Falls, where a series of wooden bridges and boardwalks scaled the mountainside."Let's go check that out!" Chris suggested, already heading towards the entrance queue. We climbed aboard the ride and were ushered into a circular room, where an animatronic bear standing next to a wooden barrel addressed us in a theatrically gruff voice:"Arrrr, mateys! Welcome ter Treasure Falls! Legend tells of a powerful treasure protected by th' spirit of Chief Watanatunga, hidden deep inside this here mountain..." The bear went on to explain that we would take a raft ride scaling up the mountain, following a path of clues and puzzles leading to the treasure's location.The doors opened and we climbed into a circular raft. With a jolt, it shoved off and we set sail along the swirling river rapid. I couldn't help but grin, caught up in the excitement and thrill of hunting for treasure. Little did I know just how real this was about to get...The first clue was projected in blazing lights onto the cavern walls:"Ye may be clever, ye may be smart, but can ye unlock the mountain's heart? The first piece lies near the misty descent, behind the fall is where it's kept."Our raft meandered around a corner and we were met by a breathtaking 80-foot waterfall thundering down from the peak. As we swept up alongside it, the current propelled us directly through the deluge behind the curtain of water. I braced myself for a drenching, but instead there was a hidden crevice concealing a gnarled tree trunk. Wedged into a knothole in the trunk was a fist-sized ruby red gemstone!"Oh man, that's so cool!" Chris reached out and snagged it before any of us could react. I examined the gem in surprise - it seemed awfully real and valuable to be obtained that easily. Was it even part of the ride?Before I could decide, the current swept us onward where another clue awaited further up the mountain. The river branched off into two directions, each with their own passage door - one depicting a flaming symbol, the other an icy crystal."Only one path leads safely onward," boomed another cryptic voice, "The other is certain peril. Solve this next clue to find your answer true."Two riddles flashed up in bright neon lettering:"An adventurer's loyal friend, I shall stay by your side until your journey ends. Heat cannot diminish me, but from the cold I'll surely flee."Or:"I start with E and end with E, in the middle is 'Reverenc' and honor see. Patience is the father of me, masters win by their energy.""Oh! I know this one!" Chris shouted excitedly.He pointed at the icy crystal door. "The answer is perseverance!""Wait," I said slowly, reciting the clues. "I don't think that's right. The second riddle is throwing us off - I think the answer to the first one is shadow!"We were at an impasse on which route was safest. As we hesitated, another raft drifted up behind us, carrying none other than the suspicious man in black I'd seen before!"You fellows seem to be struggling with the clues. Tell you what, take the icy passage and I'll follow your lead," the man said with a crooked smile that sent shivers down my spine. Something about his tone made it clear that wasn't just a friendly suggestion.Chris and I exchanged an uncertain glance, but we had a raft full of kids with us and I didn't want to risk a confrontation. We guided our raft through the icy crystal passage, hoping for the best. I couldn't shake the sinking feeling that this was no longer just part of the ride's storyline...The icy corridor snaked on nearly half a mile, growing dimmer and dimmer. Just when I began to fear we were lost, or worse - trapped, a pinprick of daylight appeared at the end of the tunnel. We emerged into a wide grotto where a cheerfulAdvantEdge flume awaited under a warm sun."Yes! Told you I had it right," Chris high-fived me as our raft coasted safely onward, riding a gentle current up the mountain's slope.Just then, a deafening roar echoed out from the tunnel we'd just passed through. The man in black came bursting out, gasping and shaking water from his soaked suit. He must have taken the incorrect flaming passageway!"You meddling kids..." he snarled, whipping off his sunglasses to reveal a cold, grimacing stare. "Did you really think you could make it to the treasure before me?"With a chill I realized this was no choreographed act. Somehow, this seemingly routine amusement park ride had turned into a very real, dangerous mission! What was going on?"Wh-what do you want from us?" Chris stammered as the man clambered aboard our raft, stepping over myself and the others without ceremony. Up close I couldn't help but notice something that looked very much like a military-issue combat knife clipped to his belt.The man chuckled darkly. "What I want is the same thing you want - the treasure at the peak of this mountain. Only I need itfor far more vital reasons that go way beyond this silly theme park game. Now why don't you fellas just sit tight and let me take it from here, before you get yourselves hurt?"My heart was pounding out of my chest, but something inside me knew I had to remain calm and figure out how to handle this situation. I was also consumed by burning questions - what kind of treasure was this that could possibly warrant such a violent threat? And just who was this man?Before I could open my mouth, a thunderous rumbling filled the cavern around us and I篇2A Spy's Thrilling Quest for Treasure at Wonderland ParkIt was just another typical summer day when I received the coded message – a spy's work is never done, even during vacation. As a highly trained secret agent for Her Majesty's Government, I have grown accustomed to unexpectedly being called into action. This particular mission briefing instructed me to attend Wonderland Park, one of the largest amusement parks in Europe, on a quest to locate a missing treasure of immense value. With my identity securely concealed behind the personaof an ordinary teenage tourist, I made my way to the park,my heart racing with anticipation.Upon arrival, the vibrant sights and sounds of Wonderland instantly enveloped me. Children's laughter intermingled with the cheerful music from the classic spinning teacup ride. The unmistakable aroma of funnel cakes and candied apples wafted through the air. However, I remained focused, scanning my surroundings vigilantly for any potential leads.My first clue came in the form of a tattered map tucked away in a souvenir penny press machine. Encrypted directions pointed toward the Mad Hatter's Crazy Coaster, one of the park's most famous roller coasters. Blending in with the crowd ofthrill-seekers, I secured a spot in the front row and buckled myself in. As the coaster climbed its first massive hill, I caught a glimpse of something peculiar - a decorative playing card tucked into a crevice underneath the track. With a subtle hand motion, I activated my coat's grappling hook attachment, snagging the card as we plunged down the terrifying first drop. Safely returning to the station, I examined my prize, revealing it to be the Nine of Diamonds, along with a new clue directing me to the park's Tunnel of Love.Slipping away from the coaster area, I discovered a seemingly innocuous tunnel entrance tucked behind a snack stand. The dank corridor was dimly lit by a string of faulty bulbs, amplifying every ominous echo of dripping water. At the halfway point, an arrow on the wall pointed to a crack in the brickwork just large enough for a viewing window. Peering through, I witnessed an incredible sight – an entire hidden cavern filled with treasure chests, golden statues, and shimmering gemstones as far as the eye could see! My heart pounded as I realized I was so close, yet still unclear on how to actually access this secret trove.Frustrated but undeterred, I decided to retrace my steps. That's when I felt something amiss – a soft breeze stirring through the tunnel, leading me to a hidden trapdoor in the ceiling. Popping it open revealed that I had been mere feet away from a vast underground network of mining tunnels from the park's bygone days as a quarry. Following the winding paths, I stumbled upon an old-fashioned freight elevator with a control panel protected by a sophisticated keypad lock.Just then, my communicator crackled to life – it was Q, back at headquarters, providing remote assistance. By combining the diamond suit symbols from the playing card and the page numbers concealed in the coded map, Q deduced the entry codeto raise the elevator. With a groan of exertion from its aging machinery, the platform began to ascend, delivering me directly into the treasure-filled cavern!I stood in awe, surrounded by glittering piles of riches beyond my wildest dreams. But in the center, resting on an ornate pedestal, was my true objective – a breathtaking royal diadem adorned with two massive rubies. Approaching cautiously, I detected subtle laser grids crisscrossing the pedestal as a final safeguard. Retrieving my trusty Q-Rangeview goggles, I carefully mapped a path through the intricate web of beams before snatching up the precious crown.Triumphant, I swiftly returned to the park's surface just as night fell over Wonderland. Visitors bustled about in the glow of twinkling lights strung over the pathways, entirely unaware of the incredible secret lying just beneath their feet. I slipped away unnoticed into the crowd, crown in hand, another thrilling mission accomplished. No sooner had I exited the park gates than a sleek automobile pulled up, the tinted window rolling down to reveal the grinning face of my debriefer. "Excellent work, old bean," he said with a wink as I handed over the diadem. "Fancy a go on the roller coaster next time?"篇3An Undercover Mission at Adventure WorldIt was just another sweltering summer day when I received the coded transmission - my next assignment had arrived. As a top operative for A.W.E.S.O.M.E (The Agency for Worldwide Exploration, Subterfuge, and Outrageous Missions Extraordinaire), I was used to handling high-stakes, hush-hush cases. But this one was different. This one involved uncovering an elusive treasure hidden somewhere in the chaos of Adventure World, the biggest amusement park this side of the galaxy.I quickly decoded the message:"Agent C.H.A.O.S.,Your newest mission, should you choose to accept it, will take you undercover at Adventure World. We have received intel that the nefarious Doctor Doomscream has stashed an ancient and immensely powerful artifact somewhere in the park. You must locate and secure this treasure before he has a chance to utilize its destructive powers. The fate of the free world rests in your hands.This message will self-destruct in 5 seconds.Good luck, Agent."I barely had time to grab my utility belt of top-secret spy gadgets before the message combusted into a pile of ashes. Pulling on my civilian disguise of cargo shorts and an outrageous Hawaiian shirt, I jumped into my covert ops car (an unseemly rusted-out 1987 Mustang that wouldn't attract any unwanted attention) and hit the road towards Adventure World.Upon arriving, I could feel the electricity of wild adventure pulsating through every corner of the park. Gravity-defying roller coasters intertwined with a kaleidoscope of flashing lights and games showed Adventure World was true to its name. But I couldn't let myself get distracted - I was on a mission.Stealthily, I bypassed the turnstiles by utilizing my compact laser Hair-Unwr。
新视野大学英语第一册U4 Section A
Project of the unit
2. How do you define a hero?
A hero is a person of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities. A person who, in the opinion of others, has heroic qualities or has performed a heroic act and is regarded as a model or ideal. For example: He became a local hero when he saved the drowning child.
Inspiring your thoughts
Step 3 Paras. 5-12 mainly deal with the first responders. Read this part quickly and answer the following question.
What kind of people are called first responders? First responders are people, such as police officers and firefighters, whose job is to rush toward danger. They are supposed to be the first to arrive at the scene of accidents and deal with emergencies.
Inspiring your thoughts
大学英语四级阅读理解精读100篇
Passage One (Clinton Is Right)President Clinton‘s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on China‘s entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked ―the courage‖ to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administration‘s goal of a ―bullet-proof agreement‖ that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, ―we‘re not there yet,‖ according to senior officials. Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for China‘s entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on ―cultural‖ restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing. BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what they‘ve heard so far isn‘t encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that ―the time just isn‘t right‖ for the deal. Translation: We‘re determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to America‘s enemies. Beijing‘s fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, won‘t help, either.Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together won‘t be easy. And Republicans—with a wink—say that they‘ll eventually embrace China‘s entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make thismuch dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. The Contradiction between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.[B]. On China‘s entry into WTO.[C]. Clinton was right.[D]. Business Lobbyists Control Capitol Hill.2. What does the sentence ―Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, Detroit‖ convey?[A]. Premier Zhu rejected their requirements.[B]. The three places overdid criticism.[C]. They wanted more protection.[D]. They are in trouble.3. What was the attitude of the Republican Party toward China‘s entry into the WTO?[A]. Contradictory. [B].Appreciative.[C]. Disapproving. [D]. Detestful.4. Who plays the leading part in the deal in America?[A]. White House . [B]. Republicans.[C]. The Democratic Party. [D]. Businessmen.5. It can be inferred from the passage that[A]. America will make concessions.[B]. America will hold out for a better WTO[C]. Clinton has the right to signal U. S. approval for China‘s entry.[D]. Democratic party approve China‘s entry into the WTO.答案祥解1. C. 总统是对的。
广东省初三上学期期中英语试题及解答参考
广东省英语初三上学期期中复习试题及解答参考一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、What is the name of the capital city in France?A) LondonB) ParisC) RomeD) MadridAnswer: B) ParisExplanation: The capital city of France is Paris, making option B the correct answer. London is the capital of the United Kingdom, Rome is the capital of Italy, and Madrid is the capital of Spain.2、How do you spell the word “mathematics”?A) mathmaticB) mathmaticC) mathamaticsD) mathmaticAnswer: C) mathamaticsExplanation: The correct spelling of the word “mathematics” is with two ‘a’s and one ’t’ at the end, making option C the correct answer. Options A and B are incorrect because they have an extra ‘c’ and no ‘t’, respectively. OptionD is incorrect because it has an extra ‘c’ and no ‘t’.3.You are listening to a conversation between a student and a teacher. The student is asking for help with a school project. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question:How does the teacher suggest the student begin the research for the project?A)Start with a general topic and narrow it down.B)Use only books from the school library.C)Focus on the most recent articles.D)Avoid using the internet for research.Answer: A) Start with a general topic and narrow it down.Explanation: The teacher suggests that the student begin with a broad topic and then gradually narrow it down to a specific aspect of the project. This helps to avoid getting overwhelmed and ensures that the research is focused and manageable.4.In this next listening passage, you will hear a short interview with a local author. The author discusses her inspiration for her latest book. Listen to the passage and answer the following question:What is the author’s main reason for writing her new book?A)To share her personal experiences.B)To educate readers about a historical event.C)To explore the theme of identity.D)To entertain readers with a fictional story.Answer: C) To explore the theme of identity.Explanation: The author mentions that her new book is an exploration of the theme of identity, particularly focusing on the journey of a main character who discovers their own sense of self. This is the main reason behind writing the book, as stated in the interview.5.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to complete the sentence.A: What are you doing, Jack?B:__________Options:a) I’m reading a book.b) I’m watching TV.c) I’m listening to music.Answer: b) I’m watching TV.Explanation: The question asks about what Jack is doing at the moment. The correct answer is “I’m watching TV,” which is option b.6.Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blank with the correct word from the box.A: __________, Tom, you are so quiet.B: I’m just thinking, Mary.Options:a) Excuse meb) Hic) Hellod) SorryAnswer: b) HiExplanation: The question requires filling in the blank with a greeting that fits the context of the dialogue. “Hi” is a casual and appropriate greeting, making it the correct answer.7、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.W: Hi, John. How was your science experiment last week?M: Oh, it was quite interesting. We had to design a robot that could clean a room.W: That sounds fun. What did you use for the experiment?M: We used some basic materials like motors, wires, and a computer.W: Did you face any difficulties?M: Yes, we had some problems with the programming part.W: Well, it’s all part of the learning process.Question: What did John’s group use to build their robot?A)ToysB)Basic materialsC)Advanced technologyD)Traditional toolsAnswer: B) Basic materialsExplanation: In the conversation, John mentions that they used basic materials like motors, wires, and a computer for the experiment. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.8、Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentence with the correct word from the box.W: Hi, Mark. I heard that you’re going on a trip to the mountains this weekend.M: Yes, I am. I can’t wait to go hiking and enjoy the beautiful scenery.W: That sounds amazing. Are you planning to stay overnight?M: Definitely. I’ll camp there and enjoy the night sky.W: I wish I could join you. What are you taking with you for the trip?M: I’ll bring some food, water, a sleeping bag, and a tent.W: That’s a good list. Don’t forget to bring a flashlight too.M: Oh, I almost forgot. Thanks for the reminder.Question: What is one thing Mark will NOT bring on his trip?A)FoodB)WaterC)TentD)CarAnswer: D) CarExplanation: In the conversation, Mark lists the items he plans to bring for his trip, such as food, water, a sleeping bag, and a tent. However, he does not mention bringing a car, so option D is the correct answer.9、What is the main topic of the conversation between the two speakers?A. The importance of exercise for health.B. The upcoming school sports day.C. The weather forecast for the weekend.D. The latest sports news from the radio.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation between the two speakers focuses on the excitement about the upcoming school sports day, with mentions of different sports activities and preparations. This indicates that the main topic is the school sports day.10、Why does the woman say she needs to take her medicine right away?A. She feels dizzy and needs to rest.B. She has a headache and wants to go to bed.C. She has a scheduled appointment with her doctor.D. She needs to take it before the doctor’s visit.Answer: AExplanation: The woman mentions that she is feeling dizzy and needs to take her medicine right away. This indicates that the immediate need for the medicine is due to her dizziness, not because of a scheduled appointment, a headache, or before a doctor’s visit.11.You hear a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.Alice: Hey Bob, do you have any plans for this weekend?Bob: Well, actually, I do. I’m planning to go hiking with my friends. How about you, Alice?Alice: That sounds fun! I was thinking of visiting the art museum in town. What do you think?Question: What does Alice plan to do this weekend?A) Go hikingB) Visit the art museumC) Go shoppingD) Stay homeAnswer: B) Visit the art museumExplanation: In the conversation, Alice mentions that she plans to visit the art museum, so the correct answer is B.12.You hear a weather report for a city.Weatherman: Good afternoon, everyone. Here’s the latest weather update for our city. It’s going to be a sunny day with a high of 25 degrees Celsius. However, there’s a chance of a brief shower in the late afternoon. So, if you’re planning to go out, make sure to carry an umbrella. Have a great day!Question: What is the weather forecast for today?A) RainyB) SunnyC) CloudyD) StormyAnswer: B) SunnyExplanation: The weather report clearly states that it’s going to be a sunnyday with a high of 25 degrees Celsius, so the correct answer is B.13.You are listening to a conversation between a student and a teacher.Student: “Mr.Smith, I was wondering if I could make up the test I missed last week.”Teacher: “Yes, you can, but you have to complete a make-up quiz tomorrow. It will cover the same topics as the original test.”Question: What did the teacher agree to do for the student?A) Give the original test again.B) Allow the student to take a make-up quiz.C) Give the student extra help with the missed topics.D) Cancel the missed test entirely.Answer: B) Allow the student to take a make-up quiz.解析：在这段对话中，老师明确表示学生可以补考，所以答案是B。
大学英语四级考试MODELTESTTHREE
大学英语四级考试Model T est ThreePart ⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听和和口语的建议。
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete tile sentences with the information given in the passage.The EarthPower and LightCompared to the rest of the universe, the Earth is very small. Our planet and eight (or maybe nine) others orbit the Sun, which is only one of about 200 billion stars in our galaxy. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the universe, which includes millions of other galaxies and their stars and planets. By comparison, the Earth is microscopic.Compared to a person, on the other hand, the Earth is enormous. It has a diameter of 7,926 miles (12,756 kilometers) at the equator, and it has a mass of about 6×1024 kilograms. The Earth orbits the Sun at a speed of about 66,638 miles per hour (29.79 kilometers per second). Don't dwell on those numbers too long, though; to a lot of people, the Earth is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly big. And it's just a fraction of the size of the Sun.From our perspective on Earth, the Sun looks very small. This is because it's about 93 million miles away from us. The Sun's diameter at its equator is about 100 times bigger than Earth's, and about a million Earths could fit inside the Sun. The Sun is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly bigger.But without the Sun, the Earth could not exist, in a sense, the Earth is a giant machine, full of moving parts and complex systems. All those systems need power, and that power comes from the Sun.The Sun is an enormous nuclear power source-through complex reactions, it transforms hydrogen into helium, releasing light and heat. Because of these reactions, every square meter of our planet's surface gets about 342 Watts of energy from the Sun every year. This is about 1.7×1017 Watts total, or as much as 1.7 billion large power plants could generate. Y ou can learn about how the Sun creates energy in How the Sun Works.When this energy reaches the Earth, it provides power for a variety of reactions, cycles and systems. It drives the circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. It makes food for plants, which many people and animals eat. Life on Earth could not exist without the Sun, and the planet itself would not have developed without it.To a casual observer, the Sun's most visible contributions to life are light, heat and weather.Night and DaySome of the Sun's biggest impacts on our planet are also its most obvious. As the Earth spins on its axis, parts of the planet are in the Sun while others are in the shade. In other words, the Sun appears to rise and set. The parts of the world that are in daylight get warmer while the parts that are dark gradually lose the heat they absorbed during the day.Y ou can get a sense of how much the Sun affects the Earth's temperature by standing outside on a partly cloudy day. When the Sun is behind a cloud, you fuel noticeably cooler than when it isn't. The surface of our planet absorbs this heat from the Sun and emits it the same way that pavement continues to give off heat in the summer after the Sun goes down. Our atmosphere does the same things-it absorbs the heat that the ground emits and sends some of it back to the Earth.The Earth's relationship with the Sun also creates seasons. The Earth's axis tips a little-about 23.5 degrees.warmer and gets more light--it's summer there, and in the other hemisphere it's winter. This effect is less dramatic near the equator than at the poles, since the equator receives about the same amount of sunlight all year. The poles, on the other hand, receive no sunlight at all during their winter months, which is part of the reason why they're frozen.Most people are so used to the differences between night and day (or summer and winter) that they take them for granted. But these changes in light and temperature have an enormous impact on other systems on our planet. One is the circulation of air through our atmosphere. For example:The Sun shines brightly over the equator. The air gets very warm because the equator faces the Sun directly and because the ozone layer is thinner there.As the air warms, it begins to rise, creating a low pressure system. The higher it rises, the more the air cools. Water condenses as the air cools, creating clouds and rainfall. The air dries out as the rain falls. The result is warm, dry air, relatively high in our atmosphere.Because of the lower air pressure, air rushes toward the equator from the north and south. As it warms, it rises, pushing the dry air away to the north and the south.The dry air sinks as it cools, creating high-pressure areas and deserts to the north and south of the equator.This is just one piece of how the Sun circulates air around the world--ocean currents, weather patterns and other factors also play a part. But in general, air moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, much the way that high-pressure air rushes from the mouth of an inflated balloon when you let go. Heat also generally moves from the warmer equator to the cooler poles. Imagine a warm drink sitting on your desk--the air around the drink gets warmer as the drink gets colder. This happens on Earth on an enormous scale.The Coriolis Effect, a product of the Earth's rotation, affects this system as well. It causes large weather systems, like hurricanes, to rotate. It helps create westward-running trade winds near the equator and eastward-running jet streams in the northern and southern hemispheres. These wind patterns move moisture and air from one place to another, creating weather patterns. (The Coriolis Effect works on a large scale--it doesn't really affect the water draining from the sink like some people suppose.)The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain. When the Sun warms air in a specific location, that air rises, creating an area of low pressure. More air rushes in from surrounding areas to fill the void, creating wind. Without the Sun, there wouldn't be wind. There also might not be breathable air at all.Water and FireThe Sun has a huge effect on our water. It warms the oceans around the tropics, and its absence cools the water around the poles. Because of this, ocean currents move large amounts of warm and cold water, drastically affecting the weather and climate around the world. The Sun also drives the water cycle, which moves about 18,757 cubic miles (495,000 cubic kilometers) of water vapor through the atmosphere every year.If you've ever gotten out of a swimming pool on a hot day and realized a few minutes later that you were dry again, you have firsthand experience with evaporation. If you've seen water form on the side of a cold drink, you've seen condensation in action. These are primary components of the water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, which exchanges moisture between bodies of water and land masses. The water cycle is responsible for clouds and rain as well as our supply of drinking water.1. How many Earths could fit inside the Sun?[A] One million.[B] 93 million.[C] Two million.[D] 100 million.2. Earth would not have developed without ______ .[A] water[C] soil[D] the Sun3. What does our atmosphere do?[A] It absorbs the heat from the ground and sends it to the Sun.[B] It absorbs the heat from the Sun and emits it back to the Earth.[C] It absorbs the heat from the Sun and emits it the same way.[D] It absorbs the heat the ground emits and sends some of it back to the Earth.4. ______ receives about the same amount of sunlight all year.[A] The poles[B] The equator[C] The north temperate zone[D] The south temperate zone5. Air rushes toward the equator from the north and south ______ .[A] because of the dry air[B] because of the cool air[C] because of the lower air pressure[D] because of the higher air pressure6. What doesn't the Coriolis Effect cause?[A] Westward-running trade winds.[B] Hurricanes.[C] The water draining from the sink.[D] Eastward-running jet streams.7. The Sun has closely relation to create ______ .[A] wind[B] the air[C] soil[D] fire8. The Sun has a huge effect on ______ .9. If you've seen water form on the side of a cold drink, you've seen ______ .10. The water cycle is responsible for clouds, rain and ______ .Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. [A] At the department store.[B] At the office.[C] In the restaurant.[D] In the drug store.12. [A] The man shouldn't expect her to go along.[B] She doesn't think she has enough money.[C] She'll go even though the movie is bad.13. [A] She wasn't really studying.[B] She hadn't finished writing her articles.[C] She had furnished her house.[D] She could write beautifully.14. [A] The problem may have been a very complicated one.[B] No one can do it.[C] The woman thinks that the problem is too easy.[D] The man can solve the problem himself.15. [A] The janitor is too busy to do his work.[B] The sanitary conditions of an apartment.[C] The relationship between the janitor and the two speakers.[D] The architecture of a building.16. [A] He can't tear either piece of cloth.[B] He wants part of each piece of cloth.[C] The pieces of cloth are made by a secret process.[D] The pieces of cloth seem identical to him.17. [A] Tuesday.[B] Wednesday.[C] Thursday.[D] Friday.18. [A] A photographer's camera.[B] A television camera.[C] A movie camera.[D] The man's own camera.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Memories of a recent storm.[B] How strong winds develop into a hurricane.[C] Weather patterns that can affect Florida.[D] Planning a summer vacation.20. [A] Late summer is sunny season.[B] Late summer is hurricane season.[C] Late summer is rainy season.[D] Late summer is cloudy season.21. [A] Wind speed.[B] Rainfall.[C] Water temperature.[D] Direction of approach.22. [A] By name.[B] By number.[C] By location.[D] By month.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Her professor did not like her story.[B] She had trouble finishing her assignment.[C] She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.24. [A] Take some extra time.[B] Do a writing exercise.[C] Do some work for another course.[D] Write the story ending first.25. [A] To go shopping.[B] To do research for her story.[C] To meet with her professor.[D] To take a break from her work.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Given by the local government.[B] Born by a large number of bitches.[C] Bought from different cities and villages.[D] Captured over grassland.27. [A] 11-week course for control duty.[B] 11-week course for patrol duty.[C] 9-week course for control duty.[D] 9-week course for patrol duty.28. [A] Catching runaway criminals.[B] Scratching the hidden bombs.[C] Patrolling the dangerous town.[D] Drug-sniffing or bomb-sniffing.Passage T woQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] Gold was discovered.[B] The transcontinental railroad was completed.[C] The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed.[D] Telegraph communications were established with the East.30. [A] About two million.[B] About three million.[C] About five million.[D] About six million.31. [A] 19 million dollars.[B] 32 million dollars.[C] 37 million dollars.[D] 42 million dollars.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] Computers have become part of our daily lives.[B] Computers have advantages as well as disadvantages.[D] More and more families will own computers.33. [A] Computers can bring financial problems.[B] Computers can bring unemployment.[C] Computers can be very useful in families.[D] Computerized robots can take over some unpleasant jobs.34. [A] Computers may change the life they have been accustomed to.[B] Spending too much time on computers may spoil people's relationship.[C] Buying computers may cost a lot of money.[D] Computers may take over human beings altogether.35. [A] Affectionate.[B] Disapproving.[C] Approving.[D] Neutral.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Development banks are international lending groups. They lend money to developing countries to help fuel economic growth and social (36) . They are not part of the World Bank, the International (37) Fund or the United Nations. The money comes from member countries and borrowing on world markets.Development banks provide long-term loans at market (38) . They provide even longer-term loans at below-market interest rates. These banks also provide technical (39) and (40) .There are four main ones. The oldest is the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, D.C. It began in 1959. President Juscelino Kubitschek of Brazil had (41) a bank to aid economic growth in the Americas. The (42) of American States agreed. Today the bank is worth over 100,000 million dollars. It holds only 4 percent of that. The other money is (43) by its members. (44) . 26 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean borrow from the bank.The African Development Bank has its roots in an agreement signed in Sudan in 1963. It is based in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (45) . The country with the most votes in the bank is Nigeria, followed as of July by the United States, Japan and Egypt.The Asian Development Bank started in 1966. It is based in Manila, in the Philippines. There are 63 members, mostly in Asia. (46) .Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you (47) the two to do something for your local (48) ?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to (49) it in the(50) , a biodegradable (生物可降解的) mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage (51) to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other (52) and can be hard or soft, and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic (53) . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it (54) nitrates (硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small (55) window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away."We've only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant (56) to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time," said one scientist.[A] Recently [I] experts[B] consumers [J] forms[C] chemicals [K] bury[D] environment [L] paper[E] combine [M] scholar[F] transparent [N] plastic[G] buy [O] Usually[H] companionSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneIt is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory s torage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"--string of alphabetic or numerical characters--ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.57. Which of the following is TRUE about memory?[A] It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.[B] It is based on the decisions we made in the past.[D] It connects our past experiences with the present.58. According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPT that ______ .[A] it involves a change in one's behavior[B] it keeps information for later use[C] it warns people not to do things repeatedly[D] it enables one to remember events that happened in the past59. What is the author's view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?[A] Computers have better memory than a child does.[B] Computers are as intelligent as a teenager is.[C] Computers can understand as many as 100,000 words.[D] Human beings are far superior to computers.60. What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?[A] It can be expanded by language.[B] It can remember all the combined words.[C] It may keep all the information in the past.[D] It may change what has been stored in it.61. Human beings make themselves different from other animals by ______ .[A] having the ability to perceive danger[B] having a far greater memory capacity[C] having the ability to recognize faces and places on sight[D] having the ability to draw on past experiencesPassage T wo"Family" is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of "family" in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family--hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life.For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one's parents and starting one's own life. The man's first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife's to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife's parents nor the husband's, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them--they are their own masters.Readers of novels like Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families was arranged by the girl's parents, that is, it was the parents' duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich. one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents' home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry (嫁妆). It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results: a girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.62. What does the author mean by "'Family' is of course an elastic word"?[A] Different families have different ways of life.[B] Different definitions could be given to the word.[C] Different nations have different families.[D] Different times produce different families.63. For an English family, the husband's duty is ______ .[A] supporting the family while the wife is financial[C] financial while the wife is running the home[D] independent while the wife is dependent64. Everything is decided in a family ______ .[A] by the couple[B] with the help of their parents[C] by brothers and sisters[D] with the help of aunts and uncles65. What is TRUE concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?[A] It is the best book on marriage.[B] It is a handbook of marriage.[C] It gives quite some ideas of English social life in the past.[D] It provides a lot of information of former time wealthy families.66. With regard to marriage in Britain, present day girls differ from former time girls in ______ .[A] the right to marry[B] more parental support[C] choosing husbands[D] social positionPart ⅤClozeDirections:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.An adult giraffe's head is about six feet above its heart. This means that to (67) enough blood up to the brain the circulatory (68) must be strong enough to keep the blood at very high pressure.Biologists have known for some time that giraffes solve this problem by having (69) high blood pressure, about (70) that of human beings. But an international team of biologists began to (71) about this. If giraffes have such high blood pressure, they should have a (72) problem with swelling in their legs and feet. Why don't giraffes have swollen feet?Giraffes should have (73) problem, too. Every time they bend heads (74) to drink, the blood should (75) to their heads and have a hard time (76) back up (when the head is down) to the heart. How come giraffes don't black out when they drink?The answer to the (77) feet problem, the researchers found, is that giraffes have (78) the researchers call a "natural anti-gravity suit". It (79) out that the skin and other (80) in their legs and feet are (81) stiffer and tougher than those of other (82) . As a result, the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.Therefore, the blood has nowhere to go but back to the heart. What about blood rushing to the head (83) the giraffe bends down to drink? The researchers found that the giraffe's jugular vein, which (84) blood from the head back to the heart, has lots of one-way valves in it. In the giraffe's neck, there are lots of muscles that flex and relax repeatedly as the animal moves its head and sucks (85) drinking water. By squeezing the valved jugular vein, they (86) blood moving back to the heart even while the animal is drinking.67. [A] bring[B] produce[C]transfer[D] pump68. [A] structure[B] system[C] function69. [A] unusually[B] generally[C] uncomfortably[D] commonly70. [A] half[B] multiple[C] double[D] pair71. [A] investigate[B] wonder[C] undertake[D] learn72. [A] terrible[B] unreliable[C] unsolvable[D] advisable73. [A] other[B] some[C] others[D] another74. [A] up[B] down[C] toward[D] aside75. [A] crush[B] brush[C] push[D] rush76. [A] following[B] returning[C] flowing[D] pouring77. [A] healthy[B] swollen[C] dreary[D] radical78. [A] what[B] where[C] that[D] those79. [A] reveals[B] indicates[C] figures[D] turns80. [A] tissues[C] pores[D] organs81. [A] many[B] very[C] much[D] less82. [A] giraffes[B] animals[C] people[D] creatures83. [A] whenever[B] whatever[C] however[D] wherever84. [A] reflects[B] releases[C] receives[D] carries85. [A] in[B] up[C] to[D] from86. [A] permit[B] retain[C] prevent[D] keepPart ⅥT ranslationDirections:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. Living in the desert has many problems, __________ (缺水并不是惟一的问题).88. The production __________ (增加到每月500吨) by the end of this month.89. Some children put much emphasis __________ (有足够的钱以便到外面去痛快享受).90. Please __________ (不要忘记让你姐姐到超市买一些牛排).91. The students now __________ (宁愿上网，也不愿意到图书馆去看书).大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷三答案详解Part ⅠWritingDear Mark,Y ou will never guess what I am going to tell you in this letter. I have received the letter of admission from Harvard University. This means I am going to do my doctor degree program this fall in America. After years of hard work, I now have finally realized my dream of being able to work in the most advanced laboratory in the world with the most outstanding top scientists in the field of genetic engineering.I am now very busy preparing for this trip of utmost importance in my life. I spend most of my time improving my oral and aural English. Y ou know I have a good command of written English. In fact, I have written my papers in English, some of which have been published abroad already. But my listening and speaking ability of English is far behind. I am afraid that this poor command of listening and speaking will hinder the effective communication once I am abroad. Can you just suggest any good way of improving my oral English skills quickly?。
译林版高中英语学案选择性必修第二册精品课件 UNIT 1 Section C
2.What is the relationship between advertising and the mass media?
A.Advertisements are growing hand in hand with the mass media.
B.Advertisements promoted the development of the mass media.
10. specifically (specifical) at us.
Activity 7 长难句分析 If引导条件状语从句
1.If an advertisement is placed on a popular website or on TV at peak times,a huge number of people will know about the product or service it is advertising.
to 6. a
brand ambassador.In addition,some advertisements are not so
obvious,in which product 7. placement (place) is typically used.We take in
these marketing messages 8. appearing (appear) in films with huge box-
基础落实•必备知识全过关
重点单词 必记写作词汇 1. channel n.途径,渠道;电视台;频道;方法;水渠 2. peak adj.高峰时期的,最高度的
n.顶峰,高峰;山峰;尖端vi.达到高峰,达到最高值 3. boost vt.使增长,使兴旺 n.增长,提高;帮助,激励 4. purchase vt.买,购买 n.购买,采购;购买的东西,购买项目 5. sponsor vt.赞助;主办;为慈善活动捐款;资助 n.赞助商;为慈善活动 捐款的人 6. discount n.折扣 vt.打折出售
雨中送伞的姐姐令我心生敬意英语作文
雨中送伞的姐姐令我心生敬意英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Sister's Selfless Act That Inspired AdmirationThe dreary rain pattered incessantly against the classroom windows, creating a melancholic ambiance that matched my sullen mood. As the final bell rang, signaling the end of another grueling school day, I begrudgingly gathered my belongings, dreading the inevitable trek through the unrelenting downpour. With a heavy sigh, I steeled myself for the drenching that awaited me, having foolishly neglected to bring an umbrella.As I stepped outside, the icy droplets immediately assaulted my face, causing me to squint and hunch my shoulders in a futile attempt to shield myself from the onslaught. The walk home, which typically took a mere fifteen minutes, seemed to stretch into an eternity as I trudged through the waterlogged streets, my shoes sloshing with every step.Halfway through my journey, I caught a glimpse of a familiar figure in the distance, wielding a vibrant yellow umbrella that stood out like a beacon amid the dreary grey surroundings. Asthe figure drew closer, I recognized the warm, radiant smile that belonged to none other than my older sister, Lily."Eliza! What are you doing out in this dreadful rain without an umbrella?" she exclaimed, her brow furrowed with concern.Before I could muster a response, she swiftly extended the umbrella, sheltering me from the relentless downpour. "Here, let's share mine," she insisted, wrapping her arm around my shoulders and guiding me under the protective canopy.In that moment, a profound sense of gratitude washed over me, surpassing even the relief of being shielded from the rain. It was a simple gesture, yet one that carried immeasurable weight and spoke volumes about my sister's character.As we walked side by side, our steps in perfect synchronization, I couldn't help but reflect on the countless times Lily had demonstrated her unwavering kindness and selflessness. From the days when she would patiently help me with my homework, to the times she sacrificed her allowance to buy me a treat, her actions were a constant reminder of her boundless generosity.Yet, on that rainy afternoon, her act of sharing her umbrella transcended mere kindness; it was a poignant display ofempathy and consideration that touched me deeply. In that moment, I realized that Lily's compassion extended far beyond our familial bond – it was an intrinsic part of her very being, a quality that emanated from the depths of her soul.As we approached our home, I couldn't help but feel a profound sense of admiration for my sister, a sentiment that had been simmering within me for years but had now crystallized into a deep, unwavering respect. Her selfless act, though seemingly insignificant to some, had profoundly impacted me, serving as a powerful reminder of the far-reaching effects that even the smallest acts of kindness can have.From that day forward, Lily's example became a guiding light for me, a beacon that illuminated the path I wished to tread in life. Her unwavering compassion and innate ability to put others before herself inspired me to strive for the same level of selflessness and empathy in my own interactions.As the years passed, I made a conscious effort to emulate her altruistic nature, seizing every opportunity to extend a helping hand or offer a kind word to those around me. Whether it was volunteering at a local shelter, tutoring struggling classmates, or simply lending a listening ear to a friend in need, I found immense fulfillment in following in my sister's footsteps.Lily's influence extended far beyond our familial bond, shaping me into the person I am today. Her unwavering kindness and compassion instilled in me a deep appreciation for the power of empathy and the profound impact that even the smallest acts of kindness can have on those around us.As I reflect on that fateful rainy day, I am filled with an overwhelming sense of gratitude for having such an exceptional role model in my life. Lily's selfless act of sharing her umbrella was a poignant reminder that true greatness often lies in the simplest of gestures, and that the ripples of kindness can resonate far beyond what we can ever imagine.In a world that can often feel cold and indifferent, my sister's warmth and compassion serve as a beacon, illuminating the path toward a kinder, more empathetic existence. Her unwavering spirit and commitment to uplifting others continue to inspire me daily, motivating me to carry on her legacy of selflessness and to pay forward the kindness she so freely bestowed upon me.For it is through these acts of kindness, these small yet profoundly significant gestures, that we can truly make a difference in the lives of those around us. And it all began with a simple act of sharing an umbrella on a rainy day – a seemingly insignificant moment that left an indelible mark on my heart andset me on a lifelong journey of emulating the very best qualities of my sister, the woman who taught me the true meaning of compassion and selflessness.篇2The rhythmic pitter-patter of raindrops against my classroom window was the only sound that filled the air that gloomy afternoon. As I gazed outside, watching the heavy downpour, I couldn't help but feel a sense of dread. My umbrella lay forgotten at home, and the prospect of walking through the relentless rain seemed utterly miserable. Little did I know, however, that a simple act of kindness was about to unfold before my eyes, leaving an indelible mark on my heart and mind.As the final bell rang, signaling the end of the school day, students rushed out of the main entrance, scurrying to find shelter from the unforgiving weather. Amidst the chaos, I noticed a figure standing calmly under the overhang, her eyes scanning the crowd. It was an older girl, likely a senior, holding a stack of neatly folded umbrellas in her arms.One by one, she approached the drenched students, offering them a dry umbrella with a warm smile. At first, I assumed she was selling them, but to my surprise, she insisted on lendingthem out for free. Her kind gesture was met with a mixture of gratitude and bewilderment from the rain-soaked teenagers.Curiosity got the better of me, and I couldn't resist approaching her. "Excuse me," I said, my voice barely audible over the sound of the rain. "Why are you giving away umbrellas like this?"The girl turned to me, her eyes brimming with a gentle kindness that seemed to transcend her years. "It's just something small I can do to help," she explained. "I know how miserable it can be to get caught in the rain without an umbrella, and I don't want anyone to have to go through that if I can prevent it."Her words struck a chord within me, and I found myself in awe of her selfless act. In a world where cynicism andself-interest often reign supreme, this young woman was a shining beacon of compassion and empathy.As she handed me a dry umbrella, I couldn't help but feel a surge of gratitude and respect. "Thank you," I said, my voice thick with emotion. "This means more than you know."She simply smiled and nodded, her attention already shifting to the next student in need of shelter. It was clear that heractions stemmed from a deep-rooted desire to help others, untainted by any desire for recognition or reward.Over the next few days, I couldn't stop thinking about the umbrella-lending sister, as she had become known among the student body. Her simple act of kindness had rippled through the school, inspiring others to pay it forward in their own small ways. Classmates offered to share their snacks during lunchtime, study groups formed to help struggling students, and a newfound sense of camaraderie seemed to permeate the hallways.As I witnessed these acts of kindness unfold, I couldn't help but feel a sense of pride and admiration for the girl who had started it all. Her actions had demonstrated the power of compassion and the profound impact one person can have on a community.In a world often consumed by negativity and cynicism, the umbrella-lending sister had shown me the importance of looking beyond oneself and extending a helping hand to those in need. Her simple act of kindness had reminded me that even the smallest gestures can have a ripple effect, inspiring others to follow suit and creating a more compassionate and caring world.As the weeks passed, I made a conscious effort to emulate the spirit of generosity and kindness that the umbrella-lending sister had embodied. Whether it was offering to help a classmate with a difficult assignment or simply holding the door open for someone, I strived to pay forward the kindness that had been shown to me.The impact of the umbrella-lending sister's actions extended far beyond that rainy afternoon. Her selfless act had planted a seed of compassion within me, one that continues to grow and shape the way I view the world around me. Whenever I find myself faced with an opportunity to help someone in need, I think back to that fateful day and the profound lesson it taught me.In a world that often seems consumed by selfishness and indifference, the umbrella-lending sister stands as a shining example of the power of kindness and empathy. Her actions have left an indelible mark on my life, reminding me that even the smallest acts of kindness can have a profound impact on those around us.As I look back on that rainy afternoon, I am filled with a sense of gratitude and admiration for the girl who showed me the true meaning of compassion. Her selfless act may have beena simple one, but the ripples it created continue to resonate within me, inspiring me to be a better person and to spread kindness wherever I go.In the grand scheme of things, lending an umbrella may seem like a small and insignificant gesture. But for me, it was a life-changing moment that opened my eyes to the transformative power of kindness and empathy. Theumbrella-lending sister may never know the full extent of the impact she has had on my life, but her actions have left an indelible mark on my heart and mind, serving as a constant reminder of the inherent goodness that exists within us all.篇3The Selfless Act of a Kind Sister That Left a Lasting ImpressionIt was one of those dreary afternoons that seemed to drag on endlessly. Dark clouds hung low in the sky, threatening to unleash a torrent of rain at any moment. As I hurried down the bustling street, clutching my books tightly to my chest, I couldn't help but feel a sense of trepidation. The forecast had called for scattered showers, but I had foolishly left my umbrella at home, convinced that the rain would hold off until I made it back.With each passing minute, the wind picked up, whipping through the alleyways and sending a chill down my spine. I quickened my pace, hoping to outrun the impending downpour, but fate had other plans. Just as I rounded the corner, the heavens opened up, and a deluge of rain cascaded down upon me.Instinctively, I sought shelter beneath the awning of a nearby shop, but it provided little refuge from the relentless sheets of water that seemed to come at me from every angle. My hair was matted to my forehead, my clothes were soaked through, and my shoes squished with every step. I felt utterly miserable, cursing myself for not being better prepared.As I stood there, shivering and contemplating my next move, a familiar figure emerged from the crowd. It was my older sister, Emily, her face etched with concern as she spotted me huddled beneath the awning. Without a moment's hesitation, she unfurled her umbrella and made her way towards me, her footsteps splashing through the puddles that had formed on the pavement."Here, take this," she said, offering me the shelter of her umbrella. "You'll catch your death out here."I hesitated, not wanting to inconvenience her, but Emily insisted. "Don't be stubborn," she chided gently. "We'll share it."With her arm around my shoulders, we set off together, our steps in sync as we navigated the rain-soaked streets. Emily's umbrella provided a welcome respite from the downpour, and I found myself marveling at her thoughtfulness and selflessness.As we walked, I couldn't help but reflect on the countless times Emily had been there for me, offering her unwavering support and guidance. She was more than just a sister; she was a mentor, a confidante, and a source of strength when I felt weak.I remembered the time she had stayed up late into the night, helping me study for a crucial exam, her patience never wavering as she explained complex concepts with a clarity that made them seem almost effortless. Or the time she had encouraged me to audition for the school play, even though I was terrified of public speaking, and had been there to cheer me on from the front row.Emily had a way of seeing the best in me, even when I couldn't see it myself. She had an unwavering belief in my abilities, and her faith in me often gave me the courage to step out of my comfort zone and embrace new challenges.As we neared our home, the rain began to let up, and Emily slowed her pace, allowing us to savor the moment a little longer. "You know," she said, her voice soft and reflective, "there will be times in life when the storms will come, and you'll feel like you're drowning beneath the weight of it all."She turned to me, her eyes shining with a wisdom far beyond her years. "But remember, you're never alone. I'll always be here to lend you my umbrella, to shelter you from the rain, and to help you find your way back home."In that moment, I felt a profound sense of gratitude wash over me. Emily's simple act of kindness had transcended mere practicality; it was a symbol of the unconditional love and support that only a sister could provide.As we stepped inside, dripping wet but our spirits lifted, I knew that this experience had left an indelible mark on my heart. Emily's selflessness, her unwavering devotion, and her ability to find joy in the midst of life's storms had earned my deepest respect and admiration.From that day forward, I vowed to emulate her example, to be a source of strength and comfort for those around me, just as she had been for me. Her act of kindness had taught me a valuable lesson – that true greatness lies not in grand gestures orfleeting moments of glory, but in the small, everyday acts of love and compassion that weave the tapestry of our lives.And whenever the clouds gather and the rain begins to fall, I will remember the sister who gave me her umbrella, and I will find solace in the knowledge that no storm is too fierce to weather when you have someone by your side, sheltering you from the tempest and guiding you home.。
2021-2022年湖南省长沙市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总(含答案)
2021-2022年湖南省长沙市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、2.Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20题)1.In our world, any story of this kind makes people ______.2.No one knows exactly how GM crops will affect the environment because genetic structure is complex and the related tests now mainly study ______. 3.Cable television had developed technology that allowed them to add more programming to cable service in ______.A.In the early 1990sB.In the late 1970sC.In the early 1950sD.In the early 1940s4.Some types of depression are inherited form. generation to generation in ______.5.At present, the value of the drugs trafficked worldwide amounts to ______ every year.6.Human psychology decides that our maximum bid should be _______________ more than that of the rival bidder.7.Benner and his colleagues' assembly of an evolutionary tree of yeast ADH showed ______ and helped the researchers ______.8.In the United States, some citizens fear people with AIDS, but others______ those living with the disease.9.The nutritional quality of food product varies in accordance with ______. 10.Despite multiple authors, the book is______throughout the text.11.Thanks to______, water beyond 100 ℃ could not boil.12.The government has to decide how to arrange people's assets if they ______.13.Mark Twain got married when he was______years old.14.Hackers could do amazing things in APL with just______.15.Part ℃ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Self-esteem: the Myth of Feeling Good About OneselfDirections: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.No one would argue that children thrive when they feel respected, important, and cared for by other persons, or that they falter when they lack the self-pride and self-confidence that accompanies such approval and support. However, at the hands of educators eager to encourage lagging pupils, a myth hasdeveloped that raising youngsters' self-esteem is a sure means of improving their levels of achievement and solving many of the nation's social ills.A 1990 report, for instance, proposes that "self-esteem is the likeliest candidate for a 'social vaccine', something that empowers us to live responsibly and that keeps us from the lure of crime, teen pregnancy, and educational failure. The lack of self-esteem is central to more personal and social ills plaguing our state and nation as we approach the end of the twentieth century."By the 1960s, following the advent of the self-actualization theories of personal growth espoused by psychologists Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, interest in enhancing self-esteem as a path to accomplishment got under way in the nation's schools. Since then, dozens of "how-to" books have described ways for improving children's positive feeling about themselves. The theory is simple: Feeling good is a necessary predecessor of accomplishment.Despite its current popularity, questions can be raised about the assumptions underlying the self-esteem movement. For example, what benefit does a third-grader gain in telling herself, "I am smart," "I am a good student,"—all forms of the "affirmative language" advocated by Douglas Bloch in his book Positive Self-talk for Children?Does it really enhance the self-esteem of members of the fifth-grade baseball team—or improve their athletic skill—when everyone is awarded a trophy, despite the fact that the team did not show noticeable improvement throughout the season? What effect will this have on next year's efforts when this record of performance ends with apparent approval and satisfaction? Countless statistics and surveys have had a unanimous(一致的) result: nothing is changed, and the days go on the same as ever.People are eager to praise the toddler for a few tentative steps and the two-year-old for simply attempting to match form. with hole in a puzzle board. Self-esteem is heightened in the young child through such love and approval. Older kids, though, are foxy analysts and know when performance merits praise and when it does not. Repeating indiscriminate praise or acclaiming minimal accomplishments run the risk of transforming positive response into meaningless flattery(恭维).Self-esteem theorists appear to have it backwards. Meaningful self-evaluation and positive self-esteem usually are the results, not the prerequisites(前提), of accomplishment. Praise is just one source of feedback; self-esteem more often comes from an awareness that the requirements of a sought-after goal have been mastered. Acquiring the knowledge and skills that enable a child to make progress toward such goals is a necessary basis for developing healthy, realistic self-esteem.Sports are an arena in which Americans generally have little reluctance to require hard work and persistence. Coaches do not hesitate to point out errors and mistakes. Children's self-esteem does not appear to suffer when they are told that they need to practice more and concentrate on the task at hand. The usual effect is renewed effort to work, practice, and learn.InA.elegantB.ignorantC.successfulD.lonely16.The report appeals to the government for considering not only the effects of family change on children, on parents, but also on ______.17. Which of the following is not a big advantage of swimming according to the passage?A.Water reduces the pressure on people's joints.B.Swimming works most of the major muscles.C.Water can greatly increase people's fitness.D.Swimming can burn the fat quite effectively.18.______started by Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King in the South changed civil rights in19.The difference between real - world artist' s playing and singing and her online alter ego's is that the latter______.20.Mr. Bellavance cashed out his pension, sold his house and unloaded things he didn't need at garage after losing his job in order to change his finances into survival mode.A.YB.NC.NG二、3.Listening Comprehension(20题)21.【B2】22.(46)23.(15)A.In Canada.B.Not in Canada.C.In their homeland.D.In the U. S.24.(26)A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.25.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.听力原文：W: I found a perfect book bag，but I'm about 20 dollars short．M: Don't look at me. I don't get paid for another week.Q: What does the man imply?(12)A.His paycheck is late.B.The book bag is too expensive.C.He can't lend the woman any money.D.The woman doesn't need a new book bag.26.听力原文：M: Could you please explain the assignment for Monday, Miss Smith?W: Certainly. Read the next chapter in your textbook and come to class preparing to discuss what you've read.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?(14)A.Secretary-Boss.B.Client-Lawyer.C.Student-Teacher.D.Patient-Nurse.27.听力原文：W: I'm sorry, Mike. I have to put off our meeting till four o'clock this afternoon. Mr. Anderson wants me to revise the annual report right now.M: Take your time. My schedule is flexible.Q: What does the man mean?(13)A.He doesn't mind having meeting ahead of schedule.B.He doesn't mind postponing the meeting.C.The meeting goes against with his schedule.D.The meeting is not on his schedule.28.(24)A.There are too many students in the discussion.B.Some people don't let other people talk.C.Questions to discuss are too easy.D.She doesn't have time to prepare the discussion.29.【B7】30.听力原文：M: You've passed the written test. Stand over here about 3 feet from the camera and we'll take your picture. We're going to issue you a temporary license. You'll receive your permanent license in about 6 weeks. W: Thank you. Here's the five-dollar fee.Q: How long will it take the woman's permanent license to arrive?(15)A.6 weeks.B.S weeks.C.4 weeks.D.3 weeks.31.(27)A.one's creativity needs stimulating by the others.B.Most people's creativity is weak and rare.C.All individuals have the ability of creativity.D.Creativity is something only a few people have.32.【B11】33.(35)A.Indifferent.B.Surprised.C.Worried.D.Confident.34.听力原文：Recently. a man who was always i13 good health, spent a week in bed with severe flu. It was tile worse illness in his 1ife. The previous week, he and his wife separated. (30)It seems his unusual. ill health was connected with his bad feeling.(29)Humans have long been aware that our health is linked with our thought, emotions and relationships. Now science is catching up with our suspicion. A new field of scientific investigation has developed. It's the study of how our thoughts and feelings work with our immune and nervous systems．There are already researchers at medical schools who are devoted to the study. They are discovering surprising connections between mind and body. One researcher has been working will with breast cancer patients. She has been looking at the mental factors in their illness and treatment. (31)She has discovered that women who did not like to talk about the emotions created by their illness had more chance of dying in five years after treatment. Of a group of 52 patients, 16 women died. All 16 women had said they usually found it difficult to talk to people about their illness. So, simply speaking, it is bad for your health to keep negative feeling inside you. You need to talk about them to your family and friends.Other research sh6ws that stress really can make you sick. People who lead stressful lives are more likely to fall ill with colds and flus and other illnesses. But, if you have lots of good quality relationships with family and friends in your life, then you are less likely to fall ill, even though the circumstance of your life might be difficult.(30)A.How people fall ill.B.The influence of people's emotions on their health.C.A new method to cure breast cancer.D.Several ways to keep fit.35.听力原文：M: How about yesterday's lectures on American Folklore? W: They weren't at all boring.Q: What does the woman think of the lectures?(16)A.The lectures were all boring.B.Not all the lectures were interesting.C.The lectures were rather interesting.D.The lectures were just so so.36.听力原文：W：Sir，did you just say you are going to fine me one hundred dollars?M：Yes，one hundred dollars．Speeding and driving under the influence of alcohol．Well，you can't fool me with that smell of alcohol in your breath．Q：What does the man imply?(19)A.The woman needs to pay him one hundred dollars for his job.B.The woman has to pay a one-hundred-dollar fine for speeding.C.The woman has to be fined because of speeding and drunk driving.D.The woman is a fool.37.听力原文：W: I just made a jar of jam this morning, and now I can' t find it anywhere. Do you know what happened to it?M: Did you hear a crash? That was it. I' m just as clumsy as ever.Q: What is the problem?(18)A.The woman doesn't like jam.B.The woman forgot where she had left the jar.C.The man had art accident.D.The man broke the jar.38.听力原文：W: Are you going to live with your children permanently7 M: Well...they want me to, but it's too early to know for sure. I'm pretty independent.Q: What does the man mean?(19)A.He wants to be independent.B.It's about time for him to make the decision.C.He is not sure whether he'll live with his children permanently or not.D.He wants to live With his children but not permanently.39.听力原文：M: How about phoning Liz and asking her to join us for dinner? W: I think you should phone her, she hardly knows who I am.Q: What does the woman mean?(19)A.That Liz doesn't know them well.B.That he's the one to phone Liz.C.That she will phone Liz if he doesn't.D.That she doesn't know Liz's phone number.40.听力原文：W: Why is Bob so tired and upset?M: He's been studying day and night for his final exams. I warned him many times to prepare earlier, but he wouldn't listen.Q: What does the man mean?(15)A.Bob is too tired to study any more.B.He told Bob not to study late at night.C.He had often advised Bob to study.D.Bob didn't hear the alarm.三、4.Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(20题)41.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Our multimillion nerve-cell central nervous system has its roots in the scattered nerve cells of tiny, lowly organisms that lived in water half a billion years ago. Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates—"hollow-gutted" organisms like hydra and the sea anemone. A coelenterate's nerve network lacks any kind of centralized control. This probably began with flatworms—the first creatures to possess a head, specialized sense cells help flatworms respond more flexibly than sea anemones to outside stimulus. But like most animals without a backbone, flatworms act mostly by instinct and reflex.Intelligent behavior. remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big, complex types of brain—the types we find among the backboned animals, or vertebrates. The tiniest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect. But the development of a fish's three-part brain reflects that beast's unintellectual priorities. Much of the forebrain deals only with smell. The midbrain handlesvision, the hindbrain, balance.With early mammals the brain grew larger and more complex. Sense coordination shifted from the midbrain to the forebrain, a developing structure capped by a folded cerebrum to handle memory and learning. Meanwhile the hindbrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements. Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes, and humans (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees, when vision mattered more than smell. Accordingly the once-big "smell" part of the forebrain grew smaller, while the part that handles vision grew much larger. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?A.The sensory organs of invertebrates.B.The anatomy of tiny organisms.C.The origin of the brain and central nervous system.D.The importance of vision for fish and advanced mammals.42.Habitrol is very effective for increasing the chances of stopping smoking ______.43.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.The idea of humanoid robots is not new, of course. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play "Rossum's Universal Robots".(The word "robot" comes from the Czech word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Lang's silent masterpiece Metropolis to the wittering C-3PO in Star Wars and the ruthless assassinof Terminator. Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, colouring our views of the future.But now Japan's industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked on to the stage and accepted its own plaque.At two and a half feet tall, Sony's QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and cannavigate on its own. If it falls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instrument's valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan.Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the world's robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, machines making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.In paragraph 1 the author introduces his topic by relating______.A.the idea of humanoid robotsB.Karl Capek's creation of robotsC.Hollywood's production of robot filmsD.the origin of and popular films about robots44. 【S8】45.What do most teachers say about the destructive behavior. of pupils?A.Teachers have seen so much that they tend to ignore it.B.It makes teachers feel extremely disappointed.C.It hurts the teachers badly and they have to stop teaching.D.It is mainly the students misbehaving in the classroom.46.The changes in the skills needed for work in the new economy are prompted mainly by ______.A.new market standardsB.new political structuresanizational structuresD.decrease in transportation and communications costs47.Telecommuting substituting the computer for the trip to the job--has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child -care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush- hour congestion and improve air quality.But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child and does office work between calls to the doctor.These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done.Management, too, must separate the myth from reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employees' situation, not the availability of technology that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work - at - home programs or policy guidelines remains small. Which of the following is not mentioned as a problem related to office work?A.Wasting time in traffic.B.The conflict between child -care and work.C.The inflexible schedule.D.The high expense on office equipment.48.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they aredissolved in its root.B.The stems contain more water than the leaves.C.Air around the leaf is found to be saturated.D.Part of the carbon dioxide in the plants is synthesized.49. Car owners could go to______, besides the dealerships, to replace a mechanical car key.50.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The feasibility and irrationality of protecting medical privacy.B.The government's appeal to protection of medical information.C.Patients should enjoy more rights to their medical records.D.Doctors and insurers' complaint about the proposal.51.According to the author, file best way to escape the realities of everyday life is ______.A.to chat with assistants in a bookshopB.to take a walk in the streetsC.to make some appointment in a bookshopD.to stay reading books of various kinds in a bookshop52.What does "take a similar turn" mean in the last paragraph?A.The oil price keeps on the rise.B.OPEC members take the same cutting strategy.C.The oil price keeps the same as before.D.World economy experiences the same situation as in 1998 and 2001.53.Judging from what he has written, we can know that the writer is ______.A.an experienced reporterB.a medical researcherC.an alcohol producerD.a social worker54.It is implied that China ______.A.took 10 years to double its real incomes per headB.has caught up by adopting advanced countries' technologyC.will see a sustained economic growth in the coming yearsD.accounts for the bulk of world production55.The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends on ______ .A.how closely he attends to the matterB.whether it is English that is being taughtC.his teacher's approach to pronunciationD.the importance normally given to grammar and spelling56.What can we learn about OPEC's cutting down of their production?A.Not all the members follow the cutting agreements in practice.B.They cut its production fast enough to keep the oil price.C.They would cut the global supply by 2% and no more.D.The cuts always take effect in no time.57.According to the author, what distinguishes jazz from other dance music?A.Jazz musicians specialize in solo.B.Jazz bands have featured soloists.C.Jazz is very hot and rough.D.Jazz musicians often paraphrase solo according to their feelings.58.What does the author tell us by saying "old dogs disdain the new tricks"(Line 1, Para. 4)?A.Professional robbers do not use new skills.B.Professional robbers do not use new weapons.C.Professional robbers do not admire new robbers.D.Professional robbers do not rob new places.ton Friedman was wrong. Inflation is always and everywhere a social phenomenon, not a monetary one. At least, that is how Robert Samuelson sees it. The Great Inflation and Its Aftermath dwells little on the economics of inflation; the main text does not mention the Federal Reserve until page 31.Instead, it examines the intellectual and political currents that let inflation rise from 1% in the early 1960s to nearly 15% in 1980 and then brought it down again.This is a laudable(值得称赞的) enterprise. Historians have devoted lots of scholarship to the Vietnam War and the civil-rights movement but almost nothing to the parallel rise in inflation, whose impact on society has been arguably great.Mr. Samuelson, an economics columnist for the Washington Post and Newsweek, graphically recounts the futile efforts of various presidents to contain inflation, and the toll they exacted. Inflation began, Mr. Samuelson writes, because the followers of John Maynard Keynes who dominated economics after the Second World War convinced John Kennedy that reducing unemployment would cause only a small rise in inflation. But as inflation increased, it became politically impossible to bring it down. In 1968 Richard Nixon asked Herbert Stein, a nominee for Iris Council of Economic Advisers, what the president-elect's biggest economic challenge would be. When Stein replied inflation, Nixon "immediately warned me that we must not raise unemployment," Stein later wrote.The Great Inflation and Its Aftermath is readable, but often frustrating. Rather than proceeding chronologically, it hopscotches (像玩“跳房子”游戏) back and forth between decades, repeatedly bringing home the points it wants to make. Despite the forward-looking subtitle, Mr. Samuelson does not demonstrate that the great inflation has much bearing on America's future. He spends much of two chapters, 73 pages in all, choosing a list of contemporary economic problems, from excessive entitlement spending to global imbalances that have little to do with inflation. Meanwhile, he devotes just a few paragraphs to inflation's most crucial impact at the present. The decline in interest rates that followed inflation's defeat created bubbles in stocks and houses and fuelled a" reach for yield" whose undoing is at the heart of the current crisis.More puzzling is the fact that, in a year in which inflation and deflation have both repeatedly hit the headlines, Mr. Samuelson devotes little time to speculating on the future course of inflation and the political pressures that will affect it. That is a pity because it is a ripe subject.The author commented the book as a" laudable enterprise" (Para.2), mainly because ______.A.it pointed out inflation is always a social phenomenonB.it has been focusing on the economics of inflationC.it contributed to the longly-neglected topic -- inflationD.it does not mention the Federal Reserve until page 3160.【C8】四、5.Error Correction(5题)61. 【S4】62.【S5】63.【S8】64.【S4】65.【S3】五、6.Translation(5题)66. As we all know, ______ (在办公室工作的人常被称为白领工作者)．67. Not until many years later______(整个事情的真相才为世人知晓).68. His speech was so welcome that it was _______________. (不断被掌声所打断)69. I believe ______ (他们是最有前途的年轻人).70. ____________(从正反两个方面权衡这个讨论之后), it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.参考答案1.think of drinkthink of drink 解析：由文章倒数第六段第一句话可直接得知答案。
暑假去图书馆当志愿者的英语作文
暑假去图书馆当志愿者的英语作文My Summer Volunteering at the LibraryMy name is Emma and I'm 10 years old. This past summer, I had the amazing opportunity to volunteer at my local public library. It was such a fun and rewarding experience that I'll never forget!At the start of summer, my mom asked me what I wanted to do with my free time away from school. At first, I didn't know what to say. The ideas of just lounging around the house watching TV or playing video games all day didn't seem that appealing after a while. That's when my mom suggested doing some volunteering. She said it would be a great way for me to give back to the community, learn some responsibility, and make use of my time in a productive way.After considering a few options, I decided that volunteering at the library seemed like it would be the perfect fit for me. I've always loved reading books and just being around them. The library is one of my favorite places. It's quiet, peaceful, and stuffed with so many wonderful stories just waiting to be explored. I loved the idea of spending part of my summer vacation surrounded by all those books!My mom drove me over to the library one morning about a week before schools let out for the summer. We went in and spoke to one of the librarians at the front desk about potential volunteer opportunities for kids my age. The librarian was very friendly and explained that they utilize student volunteers during the summer months to help out with all sorts of tasks, big and small. This includes shelving books, organizing板ctional materials like DVDs, helping to set up for library programs and events, and even getting to lead fun activities like craft sessions, story time readings and science experiments.I was very excited to hear about all the different ways I could get involved! The librarian had me fill out a short volunteer application form with basic information like my name, age, interests and availability over the summer. Just a couple of days later, she gave me a call to let me know I had been accepted as a summer library volunteer. My volunteer schedule would be two 4-hour shifts per week on Tuesdays and Thursdays. I was thrilled and couldn't wait to get started!My first day as a library volunteer rolled around a couple weeks later towards the end of June after school had already let out for summer break. My responsibilities for the first couple of weeks consisted mostly of re-shelving books and other materialsthat had been returned or taken off the shelves. I found out very quickly that this was harder work than it looked! By the end of each shift, I had logged several miles just from walking around the huge building putting books back in their proper place on the towering shelves. If the barcode labels were too high for me to reach, I had to use a handy grabbing tool that helped me put the books back with ease.It was like one big endless game of following directions and putting things in alphabetical order by the authors' last name. In the beginning, it took me a while to shelve just one cartload of books. But before too long, I got faster and more efficient at scanning the barcode labels and figuring out exactly where each book belonged. The library staff members were always around to lend a hand if I got stuck or had any questions about the shelving system and organization methods. I felt really proud of myself for working so hard and using my brain to get things in order.After I got the hang of the shelving routine, I started helping out in other areas as well. Setting up for special programs like the summer reading challenge kickoff party, arts & crafts sessions, and even a fun magician performance were all parts of my volunteer duties. I helped the librarians set up tables andchairs, put up decorations, and gathered all the supplies we would need for the various activities. During the actual events, I assisted with things like checking kids in, passing out materials, and helping with simple crafts like coloring. It was really neat to be a part of making the library's programs happen in a hands-on way.One of the highlights was definitely getting to lead my very own story time reading sessions toward the end of the summer. Each week, I picked out a different picture book that I loved to read out loud to a group of preschoolers and younger kids. I practiced reading with expression and doing different voices to really bring the stories to life in an engaging way. It was fun to see the kids' smiling faces and look of wonder as they followed along with the stories. Some of them even dressed up as their favorite book characters, which always made me smile! After I finished reading, we did a simple craft related to the book's theme or topic. One week we made paper bag puppets, another time we made cooking ooking crafts out of popsicle sticks. Seeing the kids have fun while using their creativity and imagination was the best!In between all of these hands-on duties, I also had the chance to explore the library's incredible collection myself. Ourlibrary is absolutely huge with tons of books, DVDs, audiobooks, graphic novels, you name it. I made a goal for myself to read at least one new book per week during my volunteer shifts, in addition to the books I was reading for fun at home. I found myself getting introduced to so many amazing novels and stories that quickly became new favorites. I loved being surrounded by all of those books!Now that summer has come to an end and a new school year is starting up, I'm really going to miss my volunteer duties at the library. It was such an incredible experience that taught me so many valuable lessons. I learned skills like discipline, responsibility, organization and hard work. But most importantly, it allowed me to give back to my community while getting to be around some of my favorite things: books and reading! Volunteering at the library was honestly one of the most fun, rewarding and memorable experiences I've ever had. I can't wait to do it again next summer!。
写我忘记带书 妈妈给我送书的英语作文儿
写我忘记带书妈妈给我送书的英语作文儿全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Forgetting My Book and Mom to the RescueI can't believe I did it again. I completely spaced out and left my literature book at home this morning. Mrs. Thompson is going to kill me if I show up to class empty-handed for the third time this semester. She's already given me two stern warnings about being better prepared. I get that she's just trying to instill responsibility and all that, but her disappointed teacher glare makes me feel like the worst student on the planet.I hurry across campus toward the liberal arts building, mentally kicking myself the whole way. How could I be so careless and forgetful? That book isn't exactly light either – it's a thick anthology of classic novels and poems that weighs a ton. No wonder my backpack felt suspiciously light this morning. I must have left it sitting on my desk at home. Ugh, I'm such an airhead sometimes.As I approach the front steps, I scan the area hoping I don't see Mrs. Thompson's car in the parking lot yet. I know I'm cuttingit really close, but maybe I can still make it to class before she arrives if I book it up to the third floor. No such luck. Her beat-up tan Corolla is parked in its usual spot under the big oak tree. I can picture the disapproving frown on her face already as I reluctantly climb the steps.I figure I have two options at this point. I can either sheepishly stroll into the classroom empty-handed and face her wrath, or I can quickly duck into the bathroom and hideout in a stall until someone leaves the room and I can slip in unnoticed. Neither scenario is appealing, but at least hiding would buy me a few extra minutes of not having to endure her judgemental stare.As I'm debating which awful option to go with, I feel my phone buzz in my pocket. Pulling it out, I see a text from my mom. "Sweetie, you left your literature book at home this morning. I'm on my way to drop it off for you right now!"Oh thank goodness! My wonderful, amazing, lifesaving mother! She's rescued me from Mrs. Thompson's notorious book-forgetting scoldings more times than I can count over the years. From missing assignments to forgotten PE uniforms, that woman has had my back through all kinds of struggled student moments.I quickly text back, my fingers shaky from the relief washing over me. "You're the best, Mom! I'll meet you out front in 5 minutes!!" I can't resist adding a prayer hands emoji at the end, only somewhat joking about depicting her as a literal saint coming to my aid.Knowing I have a brief window before she arrives, I decide to casually stroll into class a few minutes late instead of hiding away. As expected, Mrs. Thompson is mid-lecture, holding the heavy literature book aloft as she drones on about the historical context of the assigned reading."Nice of you to finally join us, Mr. Walker," she says in a clipped tone as I slink in, her eyebrows raised in familiar disapproval."Sorry, Mrs. Thompson, I, uh, had a situation I had to deal with this morning," I offer lamely, sliding into one of the last remaining empty seats towards the back. Jennifer Malloy, who sits in front of me, smirks and mouths "Again?" Yeah, yeah, I know – I'm the biggest flake on campus sometimes.Thankfully, Mrs. Thompson doesn't push the issue and continues on with her lecture, piling on more contextual analysis than any sane student could possibly retain. Most of the class has that glazed over, bored expression on their faces, but I don'tdare let my attention drift. With the book crisis still fresh, I figure I should at least try to act interested and attentive for a little while. Plus, she has a knack for calling on students she can tell aren't listening.About ten minutes into class, I see the door at the front of the room open slightly. My mom pokes her head in cautiously, scanning the room until her eyes land on me towards the back. She gives a little wave and I hop out of my seat, mouthing "Thanks, Mom" as I hurry up the aisle. Mrs. Thompson pauses her lecture and watches in confusion as I grab the heavy book from my mom with a grateful smile."Everything okay over there, Mr. Walker?" she asks in a mildly annoyed tone, clearly not loving the disruption."Yeah, sorry about that Mrs. Thompson," I say, holding up the book. "I accidentally left this at home, but my mom just dropped it off for me."As soon as the words leave my mouth, I instantly wish I could reel them back in. The entire class has stopped pretending to pay attention now, and every pair of eyes is laser-focused on me. A few people even audibly snicker at my admittedly lame excuse for being so unprepared yet again. I can feel my cheeks starting to burn from embarrassment.To my surprise though, Mrs. Thompson's expression softens just a bit. "Well, isn't that nice of your mother to go out of her way like that," she says evenly. "I suppose we've all had those forgetful morning brain fart moments before."Is she...empathizing with me right now? Cutting me some slack? Her harsh edges seem to melt away as she gives my mom a friendly smile. "Thank you for bringing that in, Mrs. Walker. We certainly appreciate you keeping Aaron accountable and prepared for class."My mom just gives a little wave, pretty much radiating pride and contentment at being acknowledged for her stellar parenting move. As she slips back out of the room, I head back to my seat, holding the book like a outstanding student award. I can't fight the grin spreading across my face – partly because I'm just so relieved, but also due to the surprising fact that Mrs. Thompson was actually sort of...nice about the situation for once."Alright, where were we..." she continues her lecture, seemingly moving past the previous interruption with ease. Maybe I've finally gained a tiny shred of her respect and approval by proving I have a solid support system at home keeping me in line. Or maybe the sight of a concerned mom going the extramile just struck an soft emotional chord with her and brought out her nurturing side.Either way, I'll take any tiny victory I can get when it comes to teachers and academics. As Mrs. Thompson dives back into the contextual weeds, I wiggle the book open and diligently follow along, feeling slightly redeemed. Thanks to my amazing mom, I've survived yet another forgetful student crisis relatively unscathed. Now if I could just get my act together and stop being such a scatterbrain...one crisis at a time, I suppose.篇2The Forgotten Book and Mom to the RescueIt was just another typical Monday morning. My alarm went off at 6:30am, startling me awake from a dream about being a world-famous soccer star. I groggily hit the snooze button, squeezing in those precious extra nine minutes of sleep. Before I knew it, the alarm was blaring again, pulling me fully back into reality.I sluggishly rolled out of bed and trudged to the bathroom to get ready for school. After a quick shower, I threw on my uniform - a crumpled white shirt and navy blue pants. I glancedat myself in the mirror, attempting to tame my perpetually messy hair, but quickly gave up. It was a futile effort.Making my way downstairs, the aroma of freshly brewed coffee and sizzling bacon beckoned me into the kitchen. Mom was at the stove, whipping up her famous bacon and egg breakfast sandwiches on an English muffin."Morning, sweetie," she chirped in that overly cheery morning person kind of way. How she could be so energetic this early was beyond me.I mumbled a groggy "Morning" in response as I piled eggs, bacon, and cheese onto the awaiting muffin Mom had prepared for me. I quickly scarfed it down, the vinegary taste of the muffin lingering on my tongue."Don't forget your book for English class," Mom reminded me as I hurriedly gulped down the last few bites. We were studying the classics this semester and had been assigned to read Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.In my morning daze, her words barely registered. "Uh huh, got it," I absentmindedly replied, mind already drifting ahead to the big soccer game after school.I grabbed my backpack and headed out the door, the late April morning air filling my lungs. It was going to be another beautiful spring day. I could hardly wait for summer vacation to arrive.The first few periods of the day passed by in their usual blur of boring lectures and mindless note-taking. Finally, the bell rang for English class, my favorite time of day. Not because I was a brilliant literature student, but because Mrs. Davies was definitely the "coolest" teacher at Oakwood Prep. With her vibrant colored hair that changed shades each month and edgy style, she made droning on about novels from the 19th century somewhat bearable.I strolled into the classroom, bid our class goldfish a good morning, and took my usual seat in the back row next to my best friend Marco. Mrs. Davies was already at the front podium, waiting for the class to settle down."Alright, my literary learners," she announced in an overly theatrical voice. "Who is prepared to discuss the sparkling prose of Jane Austen today? I trust you all did the reading and are ready to embark on a journey through the drawing rooms of Regency era England?"Her quirky demeanor never failed to garner a few snickers and eye rolls from the class. Marco and I just smirked at each other. Same old, Mrs. Davies."Let's start with a summary of the major plot points covered in Volume 1," she continued. "Who can give us a quick recap?"My hand instinctively went up, ready to impress Mrs. Davies with my stellar summary skills. However, as I reached down to retrieve my copy of Pride and Prejudice from my backpack, my heart sank. The book wasn't there.I must have left it sitting on the kitchen counter when Mom reminded me about it this morning. Crap! I quickly looked around, praying one of my classmates had an extra copy I could borrow, but they all had their books out and ready.I spent the rest of the class avoiding any follow-up questions, nervously running through excuses to explain why I didn't have the book. The truth was, I had simply forgotten it at home in my Monday morning daze. Not exactly going to win me any brownie points with Mrs. Davies and her literary passion.As the bell rang dismissing us, I hung back, anxiously approaching Mrs. Davies' desk. "Uhh, Mrs. Davies? I actually leftmy book at home this morning by accident. I'm really sorry about that."She gave me a look somewhere between disappointment and skepticism. "Didn't your mother ever teach you to be prepared, Mr. Collins? How do you expect to properly analyze the delicate feminism undertones of Austen's masterpiece without the book itself?" She let out an exaggerated sigh. "Very well, but get that book here first thing tomorrow, or it's an automatic 50% deduction on your reading assessment."I solemnly nodded and rushed off to soccer practice, trying my best to push the forgetful book incident from my mind. But throughout practice, I couldn't stop replaying Mom's reminder from that morning over and over. And now, Mrs. Davies' stern lecture about being prepared. I felt awful for brushing it off so carelessly.After practice, I dejectedly dragged myself home, bracing for the disappointed look I was sure to get from Mom. She always stressed the importance of being responsible and doing well in school.However, when I walked through the front door, Mom was nowhere to be found. That's when I noticed the blinking red lighton our home phone, indicating a new voicemail. I pressed the button to listen."Hi honey, it's Mom. I'm sorry to have to leave you a voicemail, but I didn't have your cell number saved in my new phone," her cheery voice rang out. "Anyway, I got a call from the school office around noon saying you had forgotten your book for English class at home. Don't worry, I grabbed it and dropped it off for you. I told that nice clerk lady to just put it on Mrs. Davies' desk for you."I felt a wave of relief wash over me, quickly followed by gratitude and a tinge of guilt. Leave it to Mom to swoop in and save the day, even after I had disregarded her reminder so nonchalantly that morning. I grimaced, thinking about the scolding Mrs. Davies had given me, when Mom had actually taken care of it hours before. She really was a super mom.The next day, I rushed into English class, ensuring I was among the first students there. Just as Mom had mentioned, sitting on Mrs. Davies' desk was my copy of Pride and Prejudice. Seeing it there filled me with appreciation for my mom's attentiveness."Ahh, Mr. Collins," Mrs. Davies remarked as she strode into the room. "I see you've retrieved your book. Proper preparationmakes all the difference when scrutinizing the intricacies of prestigious prose."If only she knew the legwork Mom had put in to get me properly prepared. I smiled inwardly, extremely grateful to have such a caring, reliable mom.From that day on, whenever I felt like blowing off schoolwork or neglecting my academic responsibilities, I remembered that incident. The guilt of knowing how hard Mom worked to ensure I had every opportunity for success pushed me to take my studies more seriously. Thanks to her persistence and support, voraciously devouring the written word became second nature.So while the attitudes and tendencies of a typical, absentminded teenager may have initially caused me to forget that all-important book, it was the unconditional love and reliability of an equally typical, doting mom that made sure I never missed out on a learning opportunity again.篇3Forgetting My Book and Mom to the RescueI've always considered myself a pretty responsible student. I try my best to stay organized, get my assignments done on time,and keep track of everything I need for school each day. But we all have those moments where we momentarily slip up, and for me, that moment came last Thursday.It was just an ordinary morning as I rushed around my room gathering my things for the day. I glanced over at my backpack sitting on the floor and did a quick mental checklist - notebooks, pencil case, calculator, textbooks...wait, textbooks? I suddenly realized in a panic that I had completely spaced on grabbing the literature book I needed for my English class that morning. Mrs. Thompson had assigned a ton of reading and analysis questions over the weekend, and not having that book was going to make the day quite difficult.I looked at the clock and saw I only had about 15 minutes before I absolutely had to leave for school. There was no way I'd have time to go back and get the book. I seriously considered just leaving it and risking the consequences, but I knew Mrs. Thompson would not be understanding. She's a stickler for being prepared and having all materials in class. With a sinking feeling, I realized I was going to have to face her wrath that day.I trudged downstairs, backpack slung over my shoulder, and found my mom sipping coffee at the kitchen table while scanning something on her laptop."Morning honey," she said cheerfully, barely looking up. "All ready for school?"I let out a defeated sigh. "No...I forgot my literature book upstairs. I'm gonna be in so much trouble in English today."That caught her attention and she looked up with raised eyebrows. "Sarah! You know better than to forget things like that. Why didn't you double check your bag last night like I've told you a million times?""I know, I know," I groaned. "I'm really sorry, it just completely slipped my mind. I was so focused on finishing my math homework that I spaced on getting my English stuff ready."She shook her head disapprovingly but I could see the slight smirk playing at the corners of her mouth. Even though she was disappointed in me, I knew a part of her maybe found a little amusement in my frazzled state."Well, what's done is done I suppose," she saidmatter-of-factly. "You're going to have to take responsibility for this one. Maybe Mrs. Thompson will go easy on you since you're usually so prepared."Yeah, right. Like that was going to happen. Mrs. Thompson was literally going to rake me over the coals. I'd be lucky if she didn't give me a detention.My mom must have read the skepticism on my face because she laughed lightly and said, "Or maybe not. Do you want me to run the book over to the school for you during my lunch break? I could drop it off at the office."I felt like a weight had been lifted off my shoulders. My mom, always looking out for me and bailing me out, even when it was my own fault."Really? You'd do that for me?" I asked hopefully. "You're a lifesaver! I'll pay you back by cleaning out the garage this weekend like I keep promising."She grinned knowingly. We both knew that garage probably wasn't getting cleaned anytime soon, no matter how many times I offered. But she didn't care."Of course I'll bring it to you sweetie. We all have those silly moments sometimes where we totally space on things. I'll swing by the school around noon."I gave her a grateful hug, thanking her profusely. She ruffled my hair affectionately before shooing me out the door, telling me I was going to be late.The entire morning, I kept glancing nervously at the classroom door, hoping my mom would show up with my literature book before Mrs. Thompson really came down on me. I did my best to keep a low profile and avoid drawing any attention to the fact that I was so unprepared.Finally, just before the lunch bell, there was a knock at the door and one of the office aides poked her head in."Excuse me, Mrs. Thompson? I have Sarah's book that her mother dropped off."I could feel my cheeks burning as all eyes turned toward me. Mrs. Thompson looked slightly taken aback, but quickly recovered with one of her classic stern looks in my direction."Well, I should certainly hope so," she said crisply, taking the book from the aide. "Thank you."The aide gave me a sympathetic look and smiled before ducking out of the room. As soon as the door closed behind her, Mrs. Thompson turned her intense gaze on me."Sarah, front and center please," she said in thatno-nonsense tone that made my stomach twist into knots.I reluctantly rose from my seat and made my way to the front of the classroom, keeping my head down avoiding the amused looks from my classmates. I could only imagine the lecture that was coming my way.When I reached her desk, Mrs. Thompson stared at me in silence for a moment before speaking in a calm but firm voice."Sarah, you are one of my brightest and most prepared students. This is not like you at all. Care to explain why your mother had to go so far out of her way to bring you the book you knew you needed for class?"I swallowed hard, struggling to find the right words to explain my lapse in responsibility. Mrs. Thompson could have easily just ripped into me, but instead she was giving me a chance to own up to my mistake."You're absolutely right, Mrs. Thompson," I began, finally mustering the courage to make eye contact with her. "There's no excuse for being so careless and forgetting something as important as the book for today's assignments. I failed to checkthat I had all my materials ready last night, and that irresponsibility is 100% on me. It won't happen again."Her expression softened slightly and she gave a slow nod of her head."Thank you for owning up to it," she said evenly. "That's a very mature response. You're right, it won't happen again because you've learned your lesson on being prepared. We all have those moments every now and then where we slip up. What's important is how we choose to take accountability."She paused, glancing over at the book on her desk, then back up at me with the hint of a smile."I'm going to let this one slide without any consequences. But in the future, please be more diligent about having what you need for my class. Is that understood?""Yes ma'am, absolutely," I said, barely able to contain my sigh of relief. Crisis averted, all thanks to my mom.As I returned to my seat, I caught my mom's warm smile through the little window in the classroom door. She must have timed dropping the book off perfectly so she could see my exchange with Mrs. Thompson. And from the looks of things, she approved of how I handled taking ownership of my mistake.I mentally made a note to not only clean the garage this weekend, but to also make my mom's favorite chocolate cake. After having my back once again, she definitely deserved something extra special.。
小学上册第4次英语第2单元测验卷
小学上册英语第2单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The invention of ________ revolutionized transportation.2.At school, we have a ________ (玩具箱) full of different toys. Everyone loves to ________ (玩).3.What is the name of the famous novel written by J.R.R. Tolkien?A. The HobbitB. The Chronicles of NarniaC. Harry PotterD. A Wrinkle in TimeA4.I like to ______ (参与) in cooking classes.5.We are going to ______ (celebrate) New Year's Eve.6.The change from liquid to solid is called __________.7.What is the name of the fairy tale character who lived in a tower?A. RapunzelB. Sleeping BeautyC. CinderellaD. Snow White8.What is the term for a moon that orbits a planet in the same direction as its rotation?A. Prograde MoonB. Retrograde MoonC. Irregular MoonD. Regular Moon9.I have a _____ (玩具车) in my room.10.Friction can slow down a _______.11.My neighbor is very . (我的邻居很。
和而不同的英语作文
Harmony in diversity is a concept that has been valued across cultures and societies for centuries.It refers to the idea that while individuals and groups may have different beliefs,customs,and ways of life,they can still coexist peacefully and respectfully.This principle is not only essential for fostering a sense of community but also for promoting understanding and cooperation among people from diverse backgrounds.In an increasingly globalized world,embracing the concept of harmony in diversity is more important than ever.With the ease of travel and the widespread use of the internet, we are constantly exposed to different cultures,languages,and ideas.This exposure can be enriching and enlightening,but it can also lead to misunderstandings and conflicts if we are not open to learning from and respecting these differences.One of the key aspects of harmony in diversity is the recognition and appreciation of cultural differences.Every culture has its own unique traditions,values,and practices that contribute to its identity.By learning about and respecting these differences,we can gain a deeper understanding of the world and its people.This can lead to greater empathy and compassion,as well as a more inclusive and tolerant society.Another important aspect of harmony in diversity is the promotion of open dialogue and communication.When people from different backgrounds come together,there may be misunderstandings or disagreements.However,by engaging in open and respectful conversations,we can learn from one another and find common ground.This can help to break down barriers and build bridges between different communities.Education also plays a crucial role in fostering harmony in diversity.By teaching children about different cultures,religions,and ways of life from a young age,we can help to cultivate a sense of curiosity and respect for diversity.This can also help to challenge stereotypes and prejudices that may exist,promoting a more inclusive and accepting society.In addition,the media and public figures have a responsibility to promote harmony in diversity.By presenting diverse perspectives and stories in a fair and balanced manner, the media can help to challenge stereotypes and encourage understanding.Public figures, such as politicians and celebrities,can also use their platforms to advocate for diversity and inclusion,setting an example for others to follow.However,achieving harmony in diversity is not without its challenges.There may be resistance from those who are unwilling to accept or understand differences,and there may be instances where conflicts arise.It is important to address these issues headon and work towards finding solutions that promote understanding and respect for all.In conclusion,harmony in diversity is a vital principle that can help to create a more inclusive,tolerant,and understanding world.By recognizing and appreciating cultural differences,promoting open dialogue,and fostering education about diversity,we can work towards a society where everyone can coexist peacefully and respectfully,despite their differences.It is a goal worth striving for,as it can lead to a richer,more vibrant, and more harmonious world for all.。
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Scanning the Issue and Beyond:Toward ITS Knowledge AutomationS TARTING with thefirst issue of the bimonthly version of IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON I NTELLIGENT T RANSPORTA-TION S YSTEMS,I will begin each issue by scanning and summarizing each article in a format that is suitable for pre-sentation at Weibo(Micro blogs in Chinese),Twitter,and Face-book.Please check@IEEE-TITS(/u/ 3967923931)for Weibo,https:///IEEEITS for Facebook,and@IEEEITS(https:///IEEEITS) for Twitter.In addition,I will go beyond the papers published here and give my thought on issues that I consider interesting or important for current or future research and development in the area of intelligent transportation.S CANNING THE I SSUESymmetrical SURF and Its Applications to Vehicle Detec-tion and Vehicle Make and Model RecognitionJ.-W.Hsieh,L.-C.Chen,and D.-Y.ChenA new symmetrical SURF descriptor is presented to enhance SURF’s power to detect all possible symmetrical matching pairs through a mirroring transformation.To deal with multi-plicity and ambiguity,a grid division scheme is also proposed to separate a vehicle into several grids in which different weak classifiers are trained and then integrated to build a strong ensemble classifier.Due to the rich representation power of the grid-based method and the high accuracy of vehicle detection, the ensemble classifier can accurately recognize each vehicle. Sensor Fusion-Based Vacant Parking Slot Detection and TrackingJ.K.Suhr and H.G.JungA vacant parking slot detection and tracking system is pro-posed and expected to help drivers select available parking slots.The system fuses the sensors of an around view monitor system and automatic parking system.The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize the positions and occupancies of various types of parking slot markings and stably track them in real time.Probabilistic Aircraft Midair Conflict Resolution Using Stochastic Optimal ControlW.Liu and I.HwangThis paper proposes a stochastic optimal control method to resolve the conflicts between aircraft and moving convective weather regions.The proposed method is able to incorpo-rate uncertainties in both aircraft and wind dynamics.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm providesDigital Object Identifier10.1109/TITS.2014.2298352robustness against uncertainties in the system and is suitable for real applications.A Car Pooling Model and Solution Method With Stochastic Vehicle Travel TimesS.Yan,C.-Y.Chen,and S.-C.ChangA stochastic car pooling model that considers the influence of stochastic travel times is developed.A solution algorithm for this model and a simulation-based evaluation method are presented.A case study is performed based upon data reported from a past study carried out in northern Taiwan.The results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and a solution algorithm.Envelope Level Crossing Rate and Average Fade Duration of Nonisotropic Vehicle-to-Vehicle Ricean Fading Channels X.Cheng,C.X.Wang,B.Ai,and A.HadiA generic geometry-based stochastic model for nonisotropic scattering vehicle–to-vehicle Ricean fading channels is pro-posed.The level crossing rate and average fade duration are derived from the proposed model.Experimental results demon-strate the utility of the proposed model.Portable Roadside Sensors for Vehicle Counting,Classifica-tion,and Speed MeasurementT.Saber and R.RajeshA portable roadside sensor system for measuring trafficflow rate,vehicle speeds,and vehicle classification is developed.An algorithm based on a magneticfield model is proposed to make the system robust.In addition,an algorithm to automatically correct for any small misalignment of the sensors is applied. The accuracy and benefits of the developed sensor system is discussed.Analytical Hierarchy Process Using Fuzzy Inference Tech-nique for Real-Time Route Guidance SystemC.Li,S.Anavatti,and T.RayAn optimum route search function in the in-vehicle routing guidance system is discussed.An analytical hierarchy process using Fuzzy inference technique based on the real-time traffic information is proposed to realize the dynamic route guidance. The proposed method can simplify the definition of decision strategy and represent the multiple criteria explicitly.A simula-tion system is developed based on the proposed method. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring of GNSS Signals for Electronic Toll CollectionD.Salós, A.Martineau, C.Macabiau, B.Bonhoure,and D.KubrakThe use of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)in electronic toll systems(ETC)is studied.The1524-9050©2014IEEE.Personal use is permitted,but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.See /publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.weighted least squares residual RAIM used in civil aviation is analyzed and an algorithm modification for ETC is proposed. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm has a superior level over civil aviation based RAIM procedures,particularly in urban environments.A Wireless Accelerometer-Based Automatic Vehicle Classi-fication Prototype SystemW.Ma,D.Xing,A.McKee,R.Bajwa,C.Flores,B.Fuller,and P.VaraiyaThe problem of automatic vehicle classification(A VC)sys-tems is addressed.A prototype axle count and spacing A VC system based on wireless accelerometers and magnetometers is introduced.The detected parameters and the installation of the system are presented.Through an experiment under various traffic conditions,the prototype A VC system is proved to be reliable in classifying vehicles with an accuracy of99%even under congested traffic.Study of the Track–Train Continuous Information Trans-mission Process in a High-Speed RailwayL.Zhao,B.Cai,J.-J.Xu,and Y.RanIt is experimentally and practically observed that the carrier frequency of the sampled signal(CFSS)sometimes goes be-yond the upper limitation of jointless track circuit with train speed change,which has a direct effect on the safety and efficiency of train control system.A model of the track-to-train continuous information transmission process is developed using transmission line theory to explore the relation between the deviation of CFSS and train speed.The correctness of the analysis is presented by experimental results.Stochastic Characterization of Information Propagation Process in Vehicular Ad hoc NetworksZ.Zhang,G.Mao,and B.AndersonThe information propagation process in vehicular ad-hoc networks on highways is addresed.It is assumed that vehicles in the network are categorized into different traffic streams with regard to their types and lanes,whose speed distributions are the same within the category and different from those of other categories.An analytical formula for the information propagation speed is obtained by analyzing the information propagation ing the formula,the impact of some parameters is studied.Simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of the analytical results.Speed and Texture:An Empirical Study on Optical-Flow Accuracy in ADAS ScenariosN.Onkarappa and A.SappaRegarding the problem of weighting the regularization terms of formulating variation opticalflow,this paper presents the polar representation of opticalflow.Then the influence of vehicle speed and scene texture on opticalflow accuracy is studied.The relationships of these specific characteristics on a driving scenario with the regularization weights in opticalflow are further analyzed for a better accuracy,and several synthetic sequences along with ground-truthflowfields are generated.Reducing the Error Accumulation in Car-Following Models Calibrated With Vehicle Trajectory DataJ.Jin,D.Yang,and B.RanConsidering the error accumulation problem in the calibra-tion of car-following models using trajectory data,this paper proposes an error dynamic model.The stability conditions for the derived error dynamic model are different from the model stability conditions.The traditional and the proposed error measures through the calibration of representative car-following models are compared.Tactical Driving Behavior With Different Levels of AutomationK.Kircher,rsson,and J.A.HultgrenThe ways of affecting tactical driving behavior with different types of automation are discussed.The behavioral and gaze data from30participants driving an advanced simulator are collected in four driving conditions:manual driving,intentional car following,ACC and ACC with adaptive steering,and the trust in the systems are surveyed with a questionnaire.Mean-while,three fairly common traffic events requiring a driver response are also analyzed.Automated Detection of Driver Fatigue Based on Entropy and Complexity MeasuresC.Zhang,H.Wang,and R.FuSince some traffic accidents are caused by driver’s fatigue, this paper proposes a real-time method to detect and identify driving fatigue based on various entropy and complexity mea-sures from some records.It is shown that the proposed approach is effective and it is valuable for the application of avoiding some traffic accidents caused by driver’s fatigue.Two-Dimensional Sensor System for Automotive Crash PredictionS.Taghvaeeyan and R.RajamaniThe use of magnetoresistive and sonar sensors for imminent collision detection in cars is investigated.An adaptive estimator is proposed and both sonar and magnetoresistive sensors are used to estimate the parameters to determine cars’position and orientation.Experimental results show this approach’s effective for a range of relative motions at different oblique angles. Robust Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation through a Dis-turbance Rejection Filter That Integrates a Magnetometer With GPSJ.-H.Yoon and H.PengA cost-effective method is proposed to estimate the vehicle sideslip angle for a wide range of surface frictions and road bank angles by combining measurements of a magnetometer, Global Positioning System,and Inertial Measurement Unit.The paper also proposes a new stochasticfilter which is designed and integrated on the Kalman Filter framework.The perfor-mance and accuracy of the proposed methods are given.Utilizing Microscopic Traffic and Weather Data to Analyze Real-Time Crash Patterns in the Context of Active Traffic ManagementR.Yu,M.A.Abdel-Aty,M.M.Ahmed,and X.WangThe effects of microscopic traffic,weather,and roadway geometric factors on the occurrence of specific crash types for a freeway are studied.The authors propose to expand the purpose of the existing ITS system and suggest Active Traffic Man-agement strategies by identifying the real-time crash patterns. Numerical simulation results show that single-vehicle crashes are more probable to occur in snow seasons,at moderate slopes, three-lane segments,and under free-flow conditions. Prediction of Traffic Flow at the Boundary of a Motorway NetworkY.Wang,J.H.van Schuppen,and J.VranckenThe need of30minutes ahead for predictions of the traffic flow is discussed.The paper proposes an adaptive prediction algorithm for the inflows into the network in regular traffic situations based on stochastic control theory.It is shown that the algorithm can provide robust predictions of traffic demand with relatively small errors for the next30minutes in a real-time environment.Text Detection and Recognition on Traffic Panels From Street-Level Imagery Using Visual AppearanceÁ.González,L.M.Bergasa,and J.J.YebesThis paper studies the problem of the detection of traffic panels in street-level images and the recognition of the informa-tion contained on them.The visual appearance categorization method is used for traffic panel detection,and then their own text detection and recognition method is applied to read and save the information depicted in the detected panels.A lan-guage model partly based on a dynamic dictionary for a limited geographical area using a reverse geocoding service is pro-posed.The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated based on experimental results.Actuator-Redundancy-Based Fault Diagnosis for Four-Wheel Independently Actuated Electric VehiclesR.Wang and J.WangAn actuator-redundancy-based fault diagnosis approach for four wheels independently actuated(FWIA)in-wheel motor electric ground vehicles is proposed.Each of the in-wheel mo-tors has an observer to generate a tire-road friction coefficient (TRFC)which needs to be accurately estimated to calculate the in-wheel motor torque and evaluate the fault in real-time. The accurate TRFC estimate resulted from a voting scheme is used to detect the possible actuator fault.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with experimental results from a prototype FWIA electric ground vehicle.Modeling and Forecasting the Urban Volume Using Stochastic Differential EquationsR.Tahmasbi and S.M.HashemiTo deal with the problem of short-term prediction of traf-ficflow,a methodology is developed in this paper using the stochastic differential equation.The Hull-White model is used to consider the time dependency of short term traffic volume. It may simulate traffic conditions easily and detecting incidents precisely.It is illustrated that a betterfit to the traffic volume is obtained using the proposed method compared to the previous artworks.Observability Analysis of Collaborative Opportunistic Nav-igation With Pseudorange MeasurementsZ.M.Kassas and T.E.HumphreysIt deals with the observability analysis of a collaborative opportunistic navigation(COpNav)environment within which receivers locate their position,velocity and time(PVT)by obtaining and possibly sharing information from ambient sig-nals of opportunity(SOPs).The minimum conditions for the completely observable COpNav environment are given.The unobservable COpNav environment and the unobservable di-rections in the state space are specified.Observer-Based Robust Control of Vehicle Dynamics for Rollover Mitigation in Critical SituationsH.Dahmani,O.Pagès,A.El Hajjaji,and N.DaraouiA fuzzy control method of vehicle dynamics to improve stability and minimize the rollover risk is proposed.The authors take into account several aspects to obtain a robust controller, where the nonlinearities of the lateral forces is represented using aTakagi-Sugeno(TS),changes in road friction is con-sidered by introducing parameter uncertainties and road bank angle is set as an unknown input.The linear matrix inequalities constraints are solved to obtain the observer and controller gains.Dynamic Control of Airport Departures:Algorithm Devel-opment and Field EvaluationI.Simaiakis,M.Sandberg,and H.BalakrishnanA controlling algorithm,called Pushback Rate Control pro-tocols,of departure process at congested airports is proposed using dynamic programming in order to control congestion. This algorithm has been applied at Boston airport in2011,and the analysis of data shows that the fuel use and taxi-out times were reduced.Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control in Real Traffic Situationsanés,S. E.Shladover,J.Spring, C.Nowakowski, H.Kawazoe,and M.NakamuraThis paper presents the design,development,implementa-tion,and testing of a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control system.This system has been implemented on four production Infiniti M56s vehicles to validate the performance of the con-troller and the improvements.Self-Adaptive Tolling Strategy for Enhanced High-Occupancy Toll Lane OperationsG.Zhang,X.Ma,and Y.WangA Self-Adaptive Tolling Strategy(SATS)for dynamically and systematically enhancing High Occupancy Toll(HOT) lane system operations is developed,which includes theLighthill-Whitham-Richards(LWR)kinematic and the uni-lateral Laplace transform.Microscopic traffic simulation experiments are performed using VISSIM to examine the ef-fectiveness of the proposed tolling strategy.Coding or Not:Optimal Mobile Data Offloading in Oppor-tunistic Vehicular NetworksY.Li,D.Jin,Z.Wang,L.Zeng,and S.ChenThe coding-based mobile data offloading problem is formu-lated as a users’interest satisfaction maximization problem with multiple linear constraints of limited storage.The problem is solved by an efficient scheme which provides a solution to decide when the coding should be used and how to allocate the network resource.The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated extensive simulations using two real vehicular traces.Estimating Dynamic Queue Distribution in a Signalized Network Through a Probability Generating ModelY.Lu and X.YangA stochastic queue model using the probability generating function,which considers the strong interdependence relations between adjacent intersections,is proposed.Various trafficflow phenomena are formulated as stochastic events and obtain their distributions by iteratively computing through a stochastic network loading procedure.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the theoretical derivation and numerical investigations.The Process of Information Propagation Along a Traffic Stream through Intervehicle CommunicationW.Wang,S.S.Liao,X.Li,and J.S.RenA model is proposed to calculate the average speed of transmission of inter-vehicle communication(IVC)messages in general traffic stream on highways in the early stage of deploying distributed traffic information systems(DTIS).The relationship between average IVC message speed and traffic parameters can be explained with this model.The correctness of the model is verified by simulation results,and the theoretical analysis is given.Toward Real-Time Pedestrian Detection based on a De-formable Template ModelM.Pedersoli,J.Gonzàlez,X.Hu,and X.RocaThe problem of pedestrian detection in driving assistance systems which has a trade-off between accuracy and real-time is investigated.A pedestrian detection system using a hierarchical multi resolution part-based model is proposed and implemented on GPU.The proposed system can achieve the state-of-the-art pedestrian detection accuracy and show a speed-up of more than one order of magnitude,which is suitable for pedestrian detection with respect to both precision and real time.An Event-Triggered Receding-Horizon Scheme for Plan-ning Rail Operations in Maritime TerminalsC.Caballini,C.Pasquale,S.Sacone,and S.SiriThe problem of planning rail port operations is investigated where unexpected events or disturbances often affect seaport terminals.Based on a queue-based discrete-time model,the paper defines a mixed integer linear mathematical programming problem and proposes an event-triggered receding-horizon op-timization approach.The test of the proposed approach based on data of a real terminal is given and discussed. Understanding Bicycle Dynamics and Cyclist Behavior From Naturalistic Field Data(November2012)M.Dozza and A.FernandezConsidering the significant role but the absence of models of bicycles in intelligent transportation systems,this paper presents a platform,based on which the bicycle dynamics and bicyclist behavior can be researched.In this platform,field data is collected continuously from sensors and can be employed to derive,develop,and test intelligent transportation systems including bicycles.Robust Control for Urban Road Traffic NetworksT.Tettamanti,T.Luspay,B.Kulcsár,T.Péni,and I.Varga This paper proposes a robust real-time signal split algorithm to minimize the overall weighted queue lengths within an urban network area.The traffic control problem is formulated in a cen-tralized rolling-horizon way,and the green time combination is obtained with an efficient constrained minimax optimization. The proposed algorithm is tested by using real-world traffic data and microscopic traffic simulation and compared with well-tunedfixed-time signal timing.Multiobjective Departure Runway Scheduling Using Dynamic ProgrammingJ.Montoya,S.Rathinam,and Z.WoodThe problem of scheduling the aircraft at the runway of airports is considered.A multiobjective dynamic programming model with respect to total aircraft delay and runway through-put is proposed An algorithm is developed tofind Pareto-optimal solutions and the proof of the algorithm’s correctness is given.The algorithm’s performance against a baseline algo-rithm is also provided.EasiSee:Real-Time Vehicle Classification and Counting via Low-Cost Collaborative SensingR.Wang,L.Zhang,K.Xiao,R.Sun,and L.CuiA real-time vehicle classification and counting system called EasiSee is designed and implemented.A collaborative sensing mechanism is proposed by coordinating the power-hungry cam-era sensor and the power-efficient magnetic sensors to reduce the overall system energy consumption and maximizing system lifetime.A robust vehicle image processing algorithm(LIPA) is developed to reduce environment noise and interference with a low computation complexity.The proposed LIPA algorithm is verified to be of computational economical and EasiSee is a practical and low-cost affordable solution for traffic information acquisition based on the presented experiments and analysis.A Survey of Traffic Control With Vehicular Communications L.Li,D.Wen,and D.YaoThe problem of deploying vehicle-to-vehicle communi-cations and/or vehicle-to-infrastructure communications tocoordinate vehicles and traffic signals in real time is addressed.A perspective of its research frontiers is given,early stage key technologies are identified,and the possible improvements are discussed.Furthermore,the prominence to scheduling based in-tersection control approaches is also given here.Moreover,this paper discusses two cultures including using rich information or concise information.Fast and Secure Multihop Broadcast Solutions for Intervehicular CommunicationW.Ben Jaballah,M.Conti,M.Mosbah,and C.E.Palazzi This paper discusses the resilient ability to security attacks in data exchange system of intervehicular communication(IVC), in order to improve traffic safety and efficiency of IVC.Attacks to the state of the art IVC based safety applications are analyzed and then a Fast and Secure Multi-hop Broadcast Algorithm (FS-MBA)for vehicular communication is designed,which achieves resilience to the aforementioned attacks.On Optimality Criteria for Reverse Charging of Electric VehiclesS.Stüdli,W.Griggs,E.Crisostomi,and R.ShortenThe issue of the controllable loads and storage systems of electric vehicles,which can be utilized to mitigate the load on the grid during peak times by offering power,is investigated. The problem of returning electrical load to the grid as an optimization aiming at returning the desired energy in a fashion minimizing the cost on the environment is formulated.It is shown that this optimization is highly complex and the cost of vehicle to grid in some circumstances can be prohibitive.ITS K NOWLEDGE A UTOMATIONWhile writing the summaries,I had really hoped that I could have an automatic summarization system that can do the job for me quickly and accurately,either by extraction or abstraction or both,and send the result to social media and interested readers immediately and automatically.It also reminded me of the recent report Disruptive Technologies: Advances That Will Transform Life,Business,and the Global Economy by McKinsey Global Institute(MGI),where“au-tomation of knowledge work”or“intelligent software systems that can perform knowledge work tasks involving unstructured commands and subtle judgments“was listed as the second most economically disruptive technology with$5.2trillion to $6.7trillion in potential economic impact annually by2025and an estimated task performance that would be equal to the output of110million to140million full-time equivalents.Actually, my editorial for the last issue of Acta Automatica Sinica in2013 was entitled“The Destiny:Toward Knowledge Automation.”For IEEE T-ITS and ITS R&D in general,my thoughts and goals are more specific:ITS knowledge automation.F EI-Y UE W ANG,Guest EditorThe State Key Laboratory of Management andControl for Complex Systems,Chinese Academyof Sciences,Beijing,100190,China,and ResearchCenter for Computational Experiments andParallel Systems Technology,The NationalUniversity of Defense Technology,Changsha,410073,China。