翻译常用之八大技amplification

夏之眠
夏之眠
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
冬日里我夜里起床， 借这昏黄的烛光穿衣裳。 夏日里可不一样， 我不得不白日里就睡觉上床。
小鸟儿仍在树上蹦蹦跳跳， 大人们的脚步声 还在大街上回响， 我却得早早睡觉上床。 天空还那么蔚蓝、明亮， 我多么想嬉戏、玩耍， 你是否觉得 这时候就睡觉难入梦乡？！
冬天起床还未天亮， 穿衣需借黄色烛光。 夏天的情形完全两样， 上床睡觉还有日光。
(Ralph Waldo Emerson, May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882, American essayist, philosopher, poet, and leader of the Transcendentalist movement )
只要一想到自然万物的形体，我便心花怒放。自然界里各种形体和各种活动的 影响，对于人类都是非常必需的，这种影响，就其最粗浅的作用来说，似乎只 局限于适用性和审美价值。（夏济安）
翻译常用之八大技巧
二 增译法 Amplification
增词不能蛇足，减词不能损意。
Syntactically, semantically, rhetorically or customarily necessary words No extra information or meaning or no unfaithful to the original Information indirectly hiding in the original
* Time drops in decay, like a candle burnt out. 时间一点一滴地逝去，犹如蜡烛慢慢燃尽。 (Attention: meaning already included in the original.) He poured out his tale of misfortunes. 笑：smile, laugh, grin, giggle, titter, chuckle
上床睡觉，既能看见 鸟儿在树上欢跳， 也能听见 大人的脚步迈过屋前的街道。 此时的天空蔚蓝明亮， 我多想去玩耍、嬉闹。 此时要你躺到床上， 是否能够进入梦乡？
Homework
1) Within a very short time of coming back into power the present government had taken steps to stabilize the position. 2) First of all, we applied ourselves to identifying the root causes of our national ailments, examining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs. 3) Secondly we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth, the modernization of industry, and a proper balance between public and private expenditure. 4) Thirdly by refusing to take refuge – as the previous Government had continually done in the preceding years – in panic-stricken stop-gap measures, we stimulated the return of international confidence. 5) As a result of those immediate measures, and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from our people who responded as so often before to a firm hand at the helm, we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization.
* Not to educate him (the child) is to condemn him to repetitious ignorance. 如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话，那就会使他们沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。 (Attention: some English abstract nouns must be added by category words so as to be clarified in meaning.) The arrogance of the aristocracy helped to lead to the French Revolution.
* I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. (Ann Blackmore, Lambing Time) 我原以为这不过是表示亲昵,但现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来断定 羊羔是不是自己生的。 (Attention: tense in English needs to be added by adverbs to show different time in Chinese.) The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree. * To attract foreign investment, the United States must offer higher interest rate, adding to domestic borrowing and financing costs, which boost inflation. 为了吸引外资，美国必须提供较高的利率，而这样就会加重内债和金融开支，最终 导致通货膨胀。 （Attention: for logic purpose of the sentence; to show relationship between the elements of the sentence.) The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.
* For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the worlds’ eleventh largest economy, and is set to grow further. 对于国际社会来说，这些变化所带来的最为引人注目的结果是，中国已跃居世界 第十一位经济大国，而且今后定会更强。 (Attention: amplification for purpose of style or manner of writing.) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique. The first requisite of a good citizen in this Republic of ours is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight.
* Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. 毛泽东是活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张松弛而取 得成功的战略家。 (Attention: verbs are more frequently used in Chinese than in English.)
* You can almost put it down as a general rule that presidents often invite “honest criticism” from their aides. 你几乎可以把这一点看成一种倾向：历届总统经常请他们的助手们提出“直 率的批评“。 (Attention: English plural forms have to be clarified by more Chinese words.) The judge let him off with warnings not to cause trouble again. The simple perception of natural forms is a delight. The influence of the forms and actions in nature is so needful to man, that, in its lowest functions, it seems to lie on the confines of commodity and beauty.
* The daily newspaper guides, educates and encourages the masses.
这份报纸可指导群众、教育群众、鼓舞群众。 （Attention: the only object in English sentences must be repeated in Chinese.) We must analyze and solve problems.
Bed in Summer
In winter I get up at night And dress by yellow candle-light In summer, quite the other way, I have to go to bed by day.
I have to go to bed and see The birds still hopping on the tree, Or hear the grown-up people’s feet Still going past me in the street. And does it seem hard to you, When all the sky is clear and blue, And I should like so much to play, To have to go to bed by day?