动词不定式

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动词不定式

动词不定式
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形
“, 有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称
和数的变化, 在句子中不能作谓语。动词不
定式仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的
宾语和状语。to learn English, to speak
at the meeting.在句中可以作主语、表语、
宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
3. – I can’t work in this way. -- Why not ____ B it in some other way? A. try to do B. try doing C. trying to do D. trying doing 4. Since you find it difficult ____ D a decision, you’d better a discussion( 讨 论) with your parents. A. reach; have B. reaching; have C. reach; having D. to reach; have
They looked for him everywhere and
found him __ b under the tree.
a. lies
b. lying c. lay
d. lain
考点: see/hear/find/watch sb. do sth.
(看见某人做了某事) See/hear/find/watch sb. doing sth. (看见某人正在做某事)
找出句子中的不定式, 并说出作用:
1. It takes you ten minutes to get there. 主语 2. I hope to see him soon. 宾语 3. His wish is to become an artist. 表语 4. People eat to live, but not live to supermarket just now. a. entered b. entering

动词不定式

动词不定式
1.做作业花了我们一小时。
To do the homework takes us an hour ork.
2.爬陡峭的山是危险的。
To climb steep mountain is very dangerous . =It is very dangerous to climb steep mountains.
It is easy for me to solve the problem.
It is very kind of you to help me .
做主语的动词不定式结构 (一).To do something is +形容词。= It is +形容词to do something .(做某事是怎样的)
B
1.He’d better ___B______ in the street .
A. not to play B. not play C. not playing
2. Do you enjoy ___C____________ a kite in the open air ?
A. to fly B. fly
My sister likes _e_a__ti_n_g__ meat for lunch .
This lunch she likes ______vegetables for lunch .
to eat
请别忘记动词后的介词
Who are you looking __f_o_r____? I need a pen to write __w_i_t_h___. She need a piece of paper to write _o__n____. He is the boy the teacher often talk _t_o__/_w_i.th Whom are you waiting __f_o_r_______ . Who is the next that the doctor will look _o_v_e_r___.

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式一、动词不定式的概念非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

动词不定式(The Infinitive)一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。

它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,它可以有自己的宾语或状语。

二、不定式的功能与用法(1)作主语:To see is to believe.眼见为实。

(百闻不如一见)To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆懂,无一精通。

注意:不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。

例如:It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。

It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

It’s very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们,他真好。

★It's …for sb. ... 和It's…. of sb. …这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。

1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2)of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

例如:It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。

(完整版)英语动词不定式大全

(完整版)英语动词不定式大全

英语动词不定式大全动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词.它在句中起的是名词。

形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。

宾语。

定语。

状语和宾语补足语。

动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。

动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:一。

带to的不定式结构1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。

2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth。

例如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特.二。

不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1。

在固定词组had better之后。

注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。

例如:You had better go home now。

你最好现在回家.It’s cold outside. You'd better not go out。

外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语.例如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。

I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来.3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。

"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。

例如:Why not go with us。

为什么不和我们一起去呢。

Why not take a holiday。

动词不定式

动词不定式

Infinitive不定式用法知识要点要点四语法动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”。

(1)不定式的用法①作主语:不定式短语作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有两种。

a.把不定式置于句首。

例句:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车去那里要花半个小时。

b.用it作形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式)置于句后,常用于下列句式中:It+be+名词+to do sth.知识要点例句:It’s our duty to obey the law.遵守法律是我们的责任。

It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.例句:How long did it take you to finish the work?完成这项工作花了你多长时间?It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.注意:在表示事物性质的形容词后常用介词for,这类形容词有hard,easy,heavy,necessary,possible,important,difficult等。

例句:It’s hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.对他来说改掉坏习惯很难。

It+be+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.注意:在表示性格特征、行为表现的形容词后用介词of,这类形容词常用的有good,kind, nice,clever,honest,wise,careful,brave,careles s,cruel,foolish,rude,stupid,silly等。

例句:It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.把老师说的每件事都记下来,你真是愚蠢。

It seems (appears)+形容词+to do sth.例句:It seemed impossible to save money.存钱似乎不太可能。

动词的不定式

动词的不定式

动词不定式动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可以起名词,形容词,或副词的作用,同时也可在句中做主语,宾语,表语等。

动词不定式的形式一般是“to+动词原形”,但是to 有时候可以省去。

(一)不定式做主语动词不定式做主语时,句子中谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种。

1.把动词不定式置于句首。

To see is to believe .百闻不如一见2.用it 做形式主语,把真正的主语不定式放在后面,常有以下句型(1).It+be +名词+to do sth.It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 好好照顾老人是我们的责任。

(2)It takes sb +some time +to do sthHow long did it take you to finish the work? 完成这项工作你花了多少时间(3)It +be+形容词+for sb+to do sth.It’s necessary for you to lock the car.锁车是很有必要的。

(4)It +be +形容词+ of sb+to do sth.It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他的话。

(5)It seems\appears +形容词+to do sth.It seemed impossible to save money.省钱看起来是不可能的(二)动词不定式做宾语能以不定式做宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forge t,promise,mean,pretend,intend,begin,attempt,decide,learn,desire,agree, care,choose,determine,undertake,expect等。

动词不定式

动词不定式

C-不定式的概念、作用语法梳理不定式一、概念:在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。

形式为:to+动词原形+其他。

之所以被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。

不定式属于非谓语动词。

不定式的时态有:一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。

二、不定式的作用1、作主语。

不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。

往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。

如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。

试比较:It is to negate(取消,否定)my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。

如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。

如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。

动词不定式

动词不定式

• 二、功能如同名形副 不定式在句子中相当于名词、形容词、副词。 1、不定式可以作主语、宾语和表语,相当于一个名 词,如: To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 注意:在系表结构中,当主语是表示目的的名词(如 purpose、aim、objective、goal、intention等)时,表语要 用不定式,如: Our goal is to satisfy customers' needs. 我们的目标 是满足顾客的需要。 2、不定式可以作定语和补语,相当于一个形容词, 如: John is the first disabled person to sail around the world. 约翰是第一个环球航行的残疾人。 3、不定式可以作状语,相当于一个副词。不定式常 作目的状语,此时它也常用于一些固定搭配(如in order to、 so as to等),如: Many people open blogs so as to exchange their own views and thoughts with others. 许多人创建博客, 以便和他人交流自己的观点和看法。
• 动词不定式 • 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方 面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同 时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾 语补足语。动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词 原形,但to有时要省去。而动词不定式在具体 运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。现 就以下几方面介绍如下。

地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语 从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成 了固定的句型.
• Where+地点从句,( +地点从句,(there)+主句。 )+主句 【注意】此 ,( )+主句。 句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面 时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般 都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作 是困难的,或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈 欢迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。

动词不定式

动词不定式


二、作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise,allow,appoint,believe,cause,challenge,command,co mpel,consider,declare,drive,enable,encourage,find,forbid,f orce,guess,hire,imagine,impel,induce,inform,instruct,invite,j udge,know,like,order,permit,persuade,remind,report,request,require,select,send,state,suppose,tell,thi nk,train,trust,understand,urge,warn… 例句: a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
不定式在句中的成分
一、作宾语 1)动词+ 不定式 afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,be,decide,bo ther,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,deter mine,expect,elect,endeavor,hope,fail,happen,help, hesitate,learn,long,mean, manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,pretend,promise, refuse,seem,tend,wait,wish. The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式&双宾语一、动词不定式1.动词不定式作宾语:动词+to do(带to不定式)动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。

常见的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love, ask, start, remember,learn, happen等。

如:I hope to see the film this weekend.They decided to visit the Great Wall next year.2.动词不定式作宾语补足语:(1).宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。

表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等。

可接动词不定式作宾补的有:ask, tell, allow, help, would like, expect, warn等。

如:The WWF chose the panda to be its symbol.I ask my mother to help me.(2).使役动词:let, make等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。

如:He makes everyone laugh.(3).感官动词:see, hear, notice, watch, listen to等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。

如:I hear her sing this song.3.动词不定式的否定式:not to do sth./ not do sth.如:She tells me not to touch anything.4.动词不定式作目的状语:表示“做某事是为了什么”。

此时,不定式既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。

如:I revised my lessons carefully to get good marks in the test.= To get good marks, I revised my lessons carefully.为了在考试中取得好成绩,我认真地复习功课。

英语不定式

英语不定式

概念:动词不定式一.动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。

这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。

不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。

可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。

二.动词不定式的形式和时态动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。

不定式的形式有五种:1.一般式to do例如:I like to read English.2.进行式to be doing例如:He seemed to be reading something at that time.3.完成式to have done例如:He seemed to have cleaned the room.4.被动式to be done例如:The work is to be done soon.5.完成被动式to have been done例如:The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.6.。

否定形式not to do例如:He asked me not to make such a mistake.三..动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

例如:(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.(不定式作宾语)(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)一、作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词过去式1.am,is -was2. are--were3. 击败;敲打beat--beat4. 成为/变成become--became5. 开始begin--began6. 吹;刮blow--blew7. 折断;打破break--broke8. 带来bring--brought9. 建设;建造build--built10. 买buy--bought11. 能,能够can--could12. 抓/捉住;乘车catch-cought13. 选择;选choose--chose14. 来come--came15. 值cost--cost16. 切;割;砍cut-cut-17. 做do--did18. 绘画;画draw--drew19. 喝drink--drank20. 驾驶drive--drove21. 吃eat--eat22. 掉下;降落fall--fell23. 感到;感觉feel--felt24. 发现;找到find--found25. 飞fly--flew26. 忘记forget-forgot27. 取;获得get--got28. 给give--gave29. 去;走go--went30. 种植;成长grow--grew31. 有/吃have/has--had32. 听见hear--heard33. 保持keep--kept34. 知道;认识know--knew35. 学习;学会learn-learnt/learned36. 离开;落下leave--left37. 借出/给lend— lent38. 让let--let39. 位于lie--lay40. 丢失lose--lost41. 可以may--might42. 意味;意思mean---meant43. 遇见/到meet--met44. 放put--put45. 读read --read注意读法不同/e/46. 骑ride--rode47. 铃响ring--rang48. 跑run--ran49. 说say--said50. 看见;看望see--saw51. 卖sell--selt52. 送send--sent53. 将;应该shall--should54. 照耀shine--shone55. 唱sing--sang56. 坐sit--sat57. 睡觉sleep--slept58. 闻;嗅smell--smelt59. 说;讲speak--spoke60. 花费;度过spend--spent61. 站stand--stood62. 扫;拖地sweep--swept63. 游泳swim--swam64. 拿走;带走take --took65. 教teach--taught66. 告诉;讲tell--told67. 想;认为think--thought68. 扔;掷throw--threw69. 理解/明白understand--understood70. 醒wake--woke71. 穿;戴wear--wore72. 将;愿will--would73. 赢得;战胜win--won74. 写write—wrote不规则动词巧记表英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

动词不定式

动词不定式

I’m sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢 了。 I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn’t feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我 感觉身体不舒服。 It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说,被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣 幸的事情。 D. 不定式的完成进行式 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直 进行着。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。 I‘m sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉,我一 直打扰你。
动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。 He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。 (同时发生) To catch the train, we‘d better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。 (to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后) B.不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的 动作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里 的时候,天碰巧在下雨。 I’m glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。 C. 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。

动词不定式

动词不定式

1.I want to know how _t_o_a_p_p_l_y (apply) the position.
2.But some students didn't want t_o_w__ea_r__(wear) the uniform.
3.I'm writing to invite you _t_o_j_o_i_n (join) me for a trip to Mount Li. 4. As a result, I don't have enough time to take (take) exercise. 5.It's an honor to know (know) you are enthusiastic about Chinese
otherwise I would have been drunk.
6.He attempted to escape (escape) from prison, but failed. 7.Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all
history.
[演练提能]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Group activities will be organized after class t_o_h_e_l_p_
(help) children develop team spirit. 2.Martin showed no anxiety about the competition. He
6.作状语 (1)作目的状语 I got up early (in order) to catch the 6:30 train. (2)作结果状语,only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果。 We hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left. (3) 作原因状语,用在某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后。常见 词有:happy,lucky,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed, angry,surprised等。 I am glad to see you.

动词不定式

动词不定式

wrong, honesy…
It’s kind __o_f___you to help me
You are kind t精o品PPhT elp me.
做宾语
宾语表示主语所做动作的承受者.一般跟在及物 动词后面.
接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want , plan , hope , decide , begin , start. need , wait ,would like .hate.refuse.wish . prefer , learn.try.like .agree ,fail. be able to do,do one’s
7.I went to see you. 〔作目的状语〕
8.He went so early as to see you
〔作结果状语〕
精品PPT
作主语 不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之 前。 To see is to believe.
Not to get there in time is your fault. 注:常用it做形式主语,将to do放在谓语之后,使句 子保持平衡。
to do doing
go on
精品PPT
1. Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close
2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词一、动词不定式:动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式的一种,其形式是to + 动词原形,在句中可作除谓语以外的任何语法成分,即可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。

▲作主语:1. To obey law is everyone’s duty.遵守法律,人人有责。

2. To know oneself is difficult. 了解自己很难。

3. To do such things is foolish. 做这样的事是愚蠢的。

【注】在现代英语中,常用it作形式主语,把真正作主语的不定式短语放在后面。

4. It’s not easy to learn a foreign language well.要学好一门外语是不容易的。

5. It will not cost you anything to be polite. 礼貌待人并不会损失你什么。

6. It was impossible for him to explain what I meant. 要他把我的意思解释清楚是不可能的。

【注】在感叹句和疑问句中只能用it作形式主语。

例如:7. What harm can it do to give advice? 给人出主意有什么不好的?8. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake in summer! 在夏天跳进游泳池或湖水里游泳是多么有趣啊!9. How long did it take you to finish the work? 你完成这项工作花了多少时间?▲在这种结构中,如果要表示不定式动作的执行者,要在不定式短语前加上一个for sb. 的短语,语法上称为不定式的复合结构。

例如:10. It is useful for you to learn some spoken English. 学一些英语口语对你来说是有用的。

动词不定式

动词不定式
⑤作宾语 常见的可接不定式作宾语的动词:
want, like ,wish, hope, prefer ,ask, offer, promise , pretend(假装), intend(打算), decide , plan, refuse, tend(趋向, 照料)等.
Grammatical Structure
Grammatical Structure
还可以用于双宾语:
I asked him how to learn English. 我问他如何学习英语.
Grammatical Structure
“口诀” 谓语之外均担任,用作谓语需合成。 动词特征似保留,宾语、状语照样跟。 时态、语态酌情用,动作先后注区分。
Grammatical Structure
⑥作宾语补足语
The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
She encouraged me to try again.
Grammatical Structure
B). see, hear, feel, listen to, look at, make做不 带to的不定式作宾语补足语.
动词不定式
Grammatical Structure
Grammatical Structure
1.动词不定式的特点及构成 2.动词不定式的时态及语态 3.动词不定式的语法功能
动词不定式 动词不定式特点:
1.不能单独作谓语. 2.可做主语、表语、定语、宾语、 宾语补足语和状语 动词不定式的构成:
to + 动词原形 to study. to work, to know
Did you notice a man come in?

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形,有时可以不带to。

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。

(但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。

)动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。

动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

1不定式作宾语1.1动词+不定式afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,be,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,determine,expect,elect,endeavor,hope,fail,happen,help,hesitate,learn,long,mean,manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wait,wish,undertakeThe driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

1.2动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。

1.3动词+疑问词+todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。

动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定与影响的一种动词形式。

一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。

不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。

在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。

如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。

介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。

speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语二、动词不定式的用法不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。

(一) 不定式作名词的用法不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。

⒈作主语名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。

To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。

To hear your voice is so nice.(=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。

To speak English well is not easy for me.(=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。

To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。

注意:在It is… to…”的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。

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动词不定式(The Infinitive)动词不定式有两种形式,带to的不定式和不带to的不定式(也称动词原形)。

不定式不能作句子的谓语,但它具有动词的一些特征,如:可以带有自己的宾语、状语及逻辑主语。

一、不定式的特征①及物动词的不定式可以跟宾语I like to read detective stories. 我喜欢读侦探故事。

It is important and necessary to master a foreign language and computer skills.掌握一门外语和电脑技能很重要也很有必要。

②可以被状语修饰He asked me to say my name aloud. 他让我大声说出我的名字。

I was told to drive the car carefully and slowly. 有人告诉我开车要小心,速度要慢。

③没有人称和数的变化:即不受主语的人称和单复数的限定或影响。

She likes to play the accordion. 她喜欢弹奏手风琴。

She liked to play the accordion when she was young. 她很小时就喜欢弹奏手风琴。

④不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出It's important for us to look into the world. 放眼世界对我们来说很重要。

It's impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.不提前告诉别人去拜访是很不礼貌的。

二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化,但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后性,具体形式如表:①不定式的一般式<to do>表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。

She seems to know all, which makes her lose many friends.她似乎什么都知道,这使她失去了很多朋友。

I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。

②不定式的进行式<to be doing>表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词动作同时发生。

Don't pretend to be working hard. Just do what you should. 不要假装努力工作,做你该做的事。

He seems to be thinking deeply, without noticing me overpassing him.他似乎陷入了深思,我从他身边经过,他都没注意到。

③不定式的完成式<to have done>表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I'm sorry t o have given you so much trouble. 真对不起,给你带来这么多麻烦。

She is well known to have been to many countries, lecturing about animal protection.大家都知道她去过很多国家做过保护动物的讲座。

④不定式的完成进行式<to have been doing>表示在谓语动词动作之前一直在进行的动作。

She is said to have been writing the novel about New York for years.据说多年来她一直在写这本关于纽约的小说。

⑤不定式的被动形式A 不定式的被动语态一般式<to be done>通常表示将来动作The car needs to be repaired before we go on a trip to Europe.在去欧洲之前,这辆车必须修理一下。

The press conference is to be held tomorrow. 新闻发布会明天举行。

B 不定式的被动语态完成式<to have been done>表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。

三、不定式的语法功能1.做主语:谓语动词用单数,在句中的位置主要有两种:⑴置于句首To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 骑自行车去那儿要一个小时。

⑵用it作形式主语,把真正的主语后置①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes/took sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.⑤It+seems (appears)+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。

这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式。

如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.——You are kind to help me with my English.2.作宾语⑴有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语。

如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大多可以接that引导的从句。

I decided to ask for my money back. 我打算要回我的钱。

I decided that I would ask for my money back.⑵当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用it作形式宾语,把不定式置于补语之后,即“主语+动词+it+补语+to do ”句式。

We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.我们认为学好一门外语很重要。

He feels it his duty to help the poor.他认为帮助穷人是他的职责。

⑶介词but, except, besides,etc + to do的用法。

介词前面有do的变形时,介词后要用不带to的不定式,反之,动词不定式须带to。

The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. 敌军别无选择只好投降。

On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.星期天下午,我无事可做,只好看电视。

3.作表语:表示具体的动作或将来的动作。

To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.4.作定语:置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。

①The next train to arrive is from Washington.②Do you have anything to say on the question?③Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?④Would you please give me some paper to write on?不定式短语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:⑴表示将来的动作(①)。

⑵与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系,尽管有被动含义,仍用主动语态(②);如果只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(③)。

⑶与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(④)⑷不定式作定于时,一般可转换为定语从句(①)to arrive = that will arrive⑸作定语时,有些动词不定式只起单纯的修饰作用,这些被修饰的名词有:①表示时间的词:time、week等。

②表示次序的词:first、best、last等。

③其他名词:wish、promise、plan等。

有些动词不定式与被修饰词有逻辑上的主谓关系或同位关系。

It's time to go. 该走了。

He was the first teacher to come. 他是第一个来的老师。

<逻辑主谓关系>Do keep your promise to write us. 一定要遵守诺言给我们写信。

<逻辑同位关系>5.作补足语一些及物动词除了接宾语外还需有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为、状态、特征,这时意思才完整。

⑴常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow、ask、advise、beg、cause、drive(强迫)、encourage、expect、forbid、force、order、permit、persuade、teach、tell、want、warn、wish等。

Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? 你想让我替你像玛丽问好吗?I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. 我想让你清楚地懂得整篇文章。

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