上海市静安区2010届高三上学期期末教学质量检测(生物)
上海市静安区2011届高三生物第一学期期末考试
静安区2010学年第一学期高三年级教学质量检测生命科学试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1-5页)和第Ⅱ卷(第7-12页)两部分，全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
考生需将答案全部写在答題纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。
第I卷 (共60分)一．选择题（每题仅一个正确答案）1分题1. 下列叙述正确的是A．生命科学发展早期，主要研究方法采用描述法和实验法B．DNA分子的发现意味着生命科学进入了细胞水平C．遗传学家孟德尔以果蝇为实验材料揭示了基因自由组合定律D．我国是世界上最早人工合成酵母丙氨酸转移RNA的国家2．下列物质中均含氮元素的一组是A.糖原血红蛋白核糖核苷酸B.脂肪酶磷脂三磷酸腺苷C.丙氨酸抗体纤维素D.甘油核酸丙酮酸3. 有关无机物在生物体中存在状况和功能的叙述正确的是A．细胞内绝大多数的水以结合态形式存在B．人体肌肉抽搐可能与血液中Ca++含量过高有关C．人体缺锌易出现生长发育不良和认知障碍症状D．钾是植物叶肉细胞中叶绿素分子的重要组成成分4. 有关蛋白质合成的叙述，错误的是A. 终止密码子不编码氨基酸B. 每种tRNA只运转一种氨基酸C. tRNA的反密码子携带了氨基酸序列的遗传信息D. 核糖体可在mRNA上移动5．有关生物的结构与类别的叙述正确的是A. 颤藻的细胞内存在带状螺旋形叶绿体B. 酵母菌的细胞中具有拟核C. 流感病毒内含有DNAD. 圆褐固氮菌能将N2转化成铵盐等物质6．下列可用于染色体结构和数目观察的材料是①洋葱鳞茎表皮细胞②小麦的根尖③杂交瘤细胞④鼠的神经细胞A．②B．①② C．②③ D．②③④2分题7．高动脉血压会引起机体的降压反射。
下列有关降压反射的叙述正确的是A. 降压反射属于条件反射B. 交感神经兴奋性增强C. 心输出量增加，血压降低D. 依靠负反馈调节使血压相对稳定8. 下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，错误的是①一个家族仅一代人中出现过的疾病不是遗传病②携带遗传病基因的个体会患遗传病③一个家族几代人中都出现过的疾病是遗传病④不携带遗传病基因的个体不会患遗传病A．①② B．③④ C．①②③ D．①②③④9．下列是关于“检测土壤中细菌总数”实验操作的叙述，其中错误的是A．配制牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基；牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基也要灭菌B．取104、105、106倍的土壤稀释液和无菌水各0．1ml，分别涂布于各组平板上C．将实验组和对照组平板倒置，370C恒温培养24-48小时D．确定对照组无菌后，选择菌落数多的实验组平板进行计数10．右图中，线a、b表示物质跨（穿）膜运输的两种方式，下列表述正确的是A．脂溶性小分子物质不能通过方式a运输B．与方式a有关的载体蛋白覆盖于细胞膜表面C．方式b的最大转运速率与载体蛋白数量有关D．抑制细胞呼吸对方式a和b的转运速率均有影响11．下列关于血型的叙述正确的是A. 人类控制ABO血型系统的血型遗传有三种复等位基因B. ABO血型系统分类的标准是血清中的凝集素C. 若母亲红细胞能与儿子的血清发生凝集，儿子一定不是O型D. 输血的基本原则是：O型血是全能供血者，其他血型须同型相输，12．下列叙述错误．．的是A．二倍体水稻体细胞含有二个染色体组B．二倍体水稻经秋水仙素处理，可得到四倍体水稻幼苗；四倍体水稻稻穗、米粒变大。
高三生物第一学期期末考试试卷含答案 精校打印版
静安区高三年级第一学期教学质量检测生物试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1-6页)和第Ⅱ卷(第6-12页)两部分，全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第I卷 (共60分)考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
2．第Ⅰ卷由机器阅卷，答案必须涂写在答题卡上．．．．．．．．．．．，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
答题更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
一．单选题(共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项)（一）1分题（共8题）1．用高倍镜观察洋葱根尖的细胞比用低倍镜观察到的细胞数目、大小和视野的明暗情况依次为A．多、大、亮B．少、小、暗 C．多、小、暗 D．少、大、暗2．下列关于生物类别的叙述正确的是A．细菌包括真细菌、古细菌和放线菌三类 B．幽门螺旋杆菌和霉菌都是原核生物 C．酵母菌和水绵都是真核生物 D．衣原体和支原体属于类病毒3. 人体细胞中决定氨基酸种类的密码子总共有A．64种B．61种C．60种D．20种4.下列各细胞中，分化程度最高的是A. 幼小的植物胚细胞B. 叶肉细胞C. 根尖分生区细胞D. 造血干细胞5．右图是人大脑部分中枢的结构位置图。
现有一位患者，他能听清别人谈话的声音，但却不明白别人语言的含义。
则该患者与上述现象相对应的大脑皮层中枢的情况是A．① 正常，③受损 B．②正常，④受损C．⑤正常，⑥受损 D．⑦正常，⑧受损6．普通小麦的卵细胞中有三个染色体组。
用普通小麦的胚芽细胞、花粉分别进行离体培养，发育成的植株分别是A．二倍体、三倍体B．六倍体、三倍体C．二倍体、单倍体D．六倍体、单倍体7．下列说法错误．．的是A. 染色体交叉互换时的一条染色体含有2个双链的DNA分子B. 通过基因突变可以产生新的基因C. 同源染色体的非姐妹染色单体间的交叉互换属染色体结构变异D. 一个mRNA分子上可以结合多个核糖体，同时合成多条肽链8．在下列物质中，不参与人体内环境组成成分的是A．DNA聚合酶 B．葡萄糖 C．二氧化碳和氧 D．氨基酸（二）2分题9．下列关于生殖类型的叙述正确的是A. 马铃薯行出芽生殖方式B. 酵母菌在适宜的条件下行分裂生殖方式C. 高等动物在自然情况下的唯一生殖方式是卵式生殖D. 有性生殖比无性生殖更能保持亲本优良性状，有更强的适应环境能力10．下列过程中，没有发生膜融合的是A．植物体细胞杂交 B．有关淋巴细胞产生抗体C. 氧进入细胞中的线粒体 D．受精过程11. 人的X染色体和Y染色体大小、形态不完全相同，但存在着同源区(Ⅱ)和非同源区(I、Ⅲ)(如右图)。
第一学期上海市静安区高三生物期末教学质量检测试卷 上教版
第一学期上海市静安区高三生物期末教学质量检测试卷上教版2007.1本试卷分为第I卷(第1-5页)和第II卷(第6-12页)两部分，全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（共60分）选择题1分题1. 下列化合物中含有的化学元素种类最少的一组是A 抗体和干扰素 B纤维素和脱氧核糖 C 性激素和叶绿素 D ATP和酶2. 下列生物中，不具有叶绿体，但具有细胞壁的是①噬菌体②大肠杆菌③颤藻④绿藻A ①②B ①③C ②④ D②③3. 在下列生物中，既以DNA作为遗传物质，又具有相同代谢类型的一组生物是A 人和蘑菇B 蓝藻和大肠杆菌C 噬菌体和烟草花叶病毒D 乳酸菌和硝化细菌4. 食品通过辐射保鲜主要是为了A使食品基因突变 B使食品遗传物质改变C使食品上的微生物死亡 D使食品发生染色体变异5. 右图是某种植物正常的体细胞(示细胞中的染色体)。
下列可能是该植物的基因型的是A ABCdB AaaaC BBbbDDDdD AaBbCcDd6. 酸雨已成为一个全球性环境问题，酸雨的危害不．包括A 伤害陆地植物的叶和芽B 延缓森林中有机物质的分解C硫酸沿食物链富集并危害人体 D 杀死水生生物，破坏营养结构7．细胞是生命的单位。
下列有关叙述错误．．的是A 新陈代谢主要是细胞内各种有序的化学变化B 病毒离开细胞便不会表现其生命活动C 激素只有作用于细胞才会表现其调节作用 D酶若脱离细胞便不会表现其催化活性8. 在光线明亮的实验室里，用白色洋葱表皮细胞做质壁分离实验，在显微镜视野中能清晰看到细胞壁，但看不清楚细胞是否发生质壁分离。
为便于判明，此时应A 改用凹面反光镜，放大光圈B 改用凹面反光镜，缩小光圈C 改用平面反光镜，放大光圈D 改用平面反光镜，缩小光圈2分题9．主要由小肠绒毛内毛细淋巴管吸收的有机物，可被内分泌腺用来合成A 胰岛素B 维生素DC 性激素D 生长激素10. 土壤动物具有趋暗、趋湿、避高温的习性，下图A、B、C、D 4种微型土壤节肢动物分离收集装置中最合理的是11. 水生植物垂直分布，草原生态系统中很难见到两栖类动物，与上述两种现象有关的非生物因素分别主要是A 温度、温度 B光、水 C 光、温度 D温度、水12. 在小型圆底烧瓶内盛等量的H2O2，迅速加入等量的下列图示中的物质，烧瓶口紧包一个小气球，使烧瓶沉于烧杯底部的同一位置。
上海市静安区高三生物上学期期末教学质量检测试题
静安区2015学年第一学期高三年级教学质量检测生命科学试卷一、选择题（每题均只有一个正确答案；每题2分） 1.下列有机物中，元素构成种类最多的是（ ）A.蔗糖B.脂肪C.葡萄糖D.核苷酸2.人体自身一般不能合成，必须全部由食物供给的是( )A ．AT PB ．维生素DC ．必需氨基酸D ．甲状腺素 3.有机物是生命体重要的结构物质，下列关于有机物的叙述，正确的是（ ） A.抗体的水解产物是核苷酸 B.麦芽糖的水解产物是葡萄糖 C.生物的遗传物质都是DNA D.葡萄糖在血液中转化成糖原4.有关无机物或无机离子在生物体中存在状况和功能的叙述正确的是（ ） A ．幼年个体中自由水比例少于成年个体中自由水比例 B. 血液中Ca 2+含量过高易引起人体肌肉抽搐 C ．人体缺锌易出现生长发育不良和认知障碍症状 D ．碘是植物叶肉细胞中叶绿素分子的组成成分5.有关生物结构与类别的叙述正确的是（ ）A.颤藻的叶绿体呈螺旋带状B. 噬菌体的遗传物质形成拟核C.洋葱根尖细胞中含有大型液泡D. 圆褐固氮菌能将N 2转化成铵盐6.下列可用于观察染色体结构的材料是（ ）① 洋葱鳞茎表皮 ② 小麦的根尖 ③动物卵巢 ④鼠的神经元 A ．① B ．①② C ．②③ D ．②③④ 7. 关于微生物的叙述正确的是( )A. 细菌以形成荚膜度过不良环境B. 大肠杆菌通常进行出芽生殖C. 黏菌与乳酸菌都属于真核生物D. 古细菌通常对利福平不敏感 8.环境温度从25℃降到0℃，则鸽子的耗氧量和体内酶活性的变化依次为（ ） A ．减少、减少 B ．增加、不变C ．增加、减少D ．不变、不变 9. 发生在人体细胞外液中的生化反应是（ ） A ．抗体的合成 B ．血红蛋白的合成C ．脱氨基与氨基形成尿素的作用D ．乳酸与碳酸氢钠作用生成乳酸钠和碳酸 10. ATP 脱去两个磷酸基可形成（ ）A.腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸B.腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸C.胞嘧啶核苷酸D.尿嘧啶核苷酸11.用32p 标记噬菌体的DNA 组成成分，下列被标记的部位正确的是（ ）A ．①B ．②C ．③D ．④ 12.下列属于克隆的是（ ）①扦插 ②DNA 复制 ③胚胎细胞移植 ④精、卵受精作用 A ．①② B ．②③ C ．①②③ D ．①③④ 13.下图中能正确表示10至30℃范围内，胃蛋白酶对底物的分解速度和温度关系的是（ ）10 20 30B分解速度10 20 30A分解速度0 10 20 30 C分解速度10 20 30D分解速度④①②③14.以下不能．．说明细胞具有全能性的实验是（ ） A.菠菜叶肉细胞形成植株 B.向日葵种子发育成植株C.转基因的棉花细胞培育成植株D.杂合体小麦韧皮部组织培育成植株 15.在果蝇的下列细胞中，一定存在Y 染色体的细胞（ ） A ．初级精母细胞 B ．精细胞 C ．初级卵母细胞 D16.右图表示不同浓度生长素对芽生长的影响。
上海市静安区2010届高三上学期期末教学质量检测(英语)
上海市静安区2010届高三上学期期末教学检测英语第I卷（共105 分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a concert. B. At a restaurant.C. At an art museum.D. At a flower shop.2. A. Her old classmate. B. Her husband.C. Her private doctor.D. Her son’s teacher.3. A. $10. B. $8. C. $18. D. $12.4. A. Brother and sister. B. Doctor and patient.C. Teacher and student.D. Interviewer and interviewee.5. A. She is afraid of getting fat. B. She enjoys ice-cream.C. She is much too thin.D. She doesn’t care for ice-cream.6. A. A pair of trousers. B. A suit.C. A coat.D. A blouse.7. A. The woman should have complained to her neighbor.B. The woman should stay out until the neighbors are quiet.C. The woman should have stayed at the library.D. The lab will be a better place.8. A. The man coul dn’t wait to see Susan.B. Susan is eager to pass the information she knows.C. Susan talks to people only on the phone.D. The man always knows the latest news in town.9. A. She doesn’t mind it as the road conditions are good.B. She is tired of driving in heavy traffic.C. She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day.D. She enjoys it because she’s good at driving.10. A. It was hard to get rid of the salesman.B. The products that the salesman was selling were not good.C. The salesman kept making stops on the way.D. It was a waste of time to talk about the products.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. M r and Mrs Hampton’s master. B. Mr and Mrs Hampton’s son.C. Mr and Mrs Hampton’s student.D. Mr and Mrs Hampton’s dog.12.A. At most three meals. B. Four meals.C. At least three or four meals.D. At least five meals.13.A. In September. B. In October. C. In July. D. In June. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech.14. A. Use library facilities. B. Library regulations.C. Library personnel.D. Location of the library.15. A. Book publishers. B. Librarians.C. Returning faculty members.D. New university students.16. A. 1,000,000 volumes（卷，册）. B. Over 1,000,000 volumes.C. 1,000 volumes.D. Over 110,000 volumes.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. She was widely regarded as the country's leading authority ______ plant diseases.A. underB. beyondC. onD. with26. The auto-man checked the car engine thoroughly but could find ______wrong with it.A. noneB. nothingC. noD. no one27. The actual amount of water needed by the crop ______ on the weather conditions.A. to dependB. dependC. dependingD. depends28. The missing scientist _______here, since the villagers are using the farming approach hecreated.A. should have beenB. couldn’t have beenC. might not have beenD. must have been29. If you want to learn English well, it is not half so important to know some grammaticalrules______it is to have more practice.A. soB. asC. sinceD. that30. That night, tired , the man went out again to look for help.A. like he wasB. though he wasC. as was heD. even he was31. People who have regular physical exercise seldom catch a disease like H1N1 Flu, ______?A. don’t theyB. haven’t theyC. do theyD. have they32. It is said that they will represent a greater proportion of purchasing power, ______ from 12per cent of GDP to 20 per cent.A. risingB. risenC. to riseD. being risen33. ______ his cool facial expressions, Michael cares more about others’ emotions and sufferings,which makes him a selfless person.A. Despite ofB. ThoughC. In spiteD. Despite34. In a certain store where they sell puddings, the customers ______ to sample them beforecoming to a decision.A. are allowedB. is allowedC. allowD. have allowed35. Young adults generally make their own choices about ______ career to pursue.A. howB. thatC. whatD. whether36. Mr Smith said that he would delay introducing the scheme because of the demands ______ onteachers by other educational reforms.A. madeB. makingC. makeD. to make37. It has art's power to translate, to abstract from the circumstances ______ it originates.A. howB. whenC. on whichD. in which38. He appeared to understand, but ______ he absorbed every detail I cannot say.A. whatB. whetherC. howD. where39. In China, because of her ancient culture, the tips of chopsticks are usually a littlesquare_______ the tails are circular and round.A. whenB. unlessC. whileD. once40. The witness claimed _______a man outside the house, but he was not sure whether this wasthe man.A. to seeB. to have seenC. that he sawD. that he has seen Section BDirections: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have __41__effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits, so they __42__in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a __43__of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who __44__look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may __45__fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being__46__, the number of workers that employers want __47__. Thus, critics holdthe opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their__48__. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their __49__for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have you ever felt trapped in a job you hate? 50 you are ready to move forward and find a more fulfilling position, career transition(过渡；变迁) specialist Gregg Taylor has a few 51 to help deal with the emotional side of 52 your job.When writing your resignation letter keep it short and to the point. Express your gratitude for the 53 and state your resignation date. “You don’t need to tell them much,” says Taylor. “Keep thing as simple as possible, and as quiet as possible.”Keep the details to yourself. It will lessen any tension from the time you 54 in your resignation letter until the day you leave. 55 , be sure to complete any 56 you are working on. This is just good 57 and common sense for everybody, 58 if you plan on asking for a reference. Use up any 59 vacation time and sick days.Timing and location are key. Taylor suggests booking a conference room to break the news to your boss. A neutral 60 will give you a better chance of 61 your boss’ reaction. Taylor also suggests conducting the meeting in the morning, early in week. This gives your boss time to 62 from the news.Give your employer appropriate notice. “They may not be 63 about your leaving, but they will 64 being given enough notice to find your replacement and for you to assist in training the new person,”says Taylor.50. A. If B. Because C. Until D. Although51. A. plans B. warnings C. tips D. comments52. A. finding B. improving C. finishing D. leaving53. A. process B. experience C. choice D. resignation54. A. fill B. end C. take D. hand55. A. Indeed B. Therefore C. Also D. However56. A. project B. form C. scheme D. report57. A. deeds B. manners C. intentions D. relations58. A. especially B. specifically C. finally D. surely59. A. relaxing B. rewarding C. refreshing D. remaining60. A. position B. attitude C. setting D. opinion61. A. predicting B. controlling C. observing D. understanding62. A. recover B. escape C. select D. benefit63. A. angry B. curious C. happy D. worried64. A. enjoy B. regret C. impress D. appreciateSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Deng Yaping is regarded as one of the greatest table tennis players in the world. She has won 18 world championships and Olympic gold medals in her career. But now she is doing something different: promoting sport in China.Deng Yaping won her first world championship in 1989 in the 40th World Table Tennis Championship women’s doubles. She was only 16 years old. 2 years later, she became the singles champion and the table tennis world knew that a star was born.Deng’s fast rise to the top of the table tennis world drew worldwide attention, including the eye of Juan Antonio Samaranch, the president of International Olympic Committee who watched her progress with interest. He promised to attend the award ceremony if she won at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. She made it, and Mr. Samaranch kept his word.1994 saw an unusual setback(退步) in her caree r when she lost the single’s gold medal to Japanese Koyama Chire at the 12th Asia Games. Despite this setback, she soon recovered and won 3 events at the 1995 World Table Tennis Championship. Once again, Mr. Samaranch watched her collect her medals.Deng Y aping retired in 1997 after winning that year’s singles and doubles world titles. In just 8 years, she won 14 world champions and 4 Olympic gold medals, getting a place in China’s sports history book. She was crowned with the Laureus Award in 2002 for her excellent sporting performance.Deng Yaping’s achievements are not just in the world table tennis. She surprised many upon retirement by deciding to study English in college. She went to Tsinghua University first and further her study at the University of Cambridge. Later she became a member of two different IOC committees to keep her relationship with the Olympics going. In 2003, she came back to China to join the 2008 Beijing Olympics Organizing Committee. She helped Beijing host the games.She said, “I f eel I have the responsibility to tell the West and the whole world real information about all that I know and I have experienced.”Though her life is full and different, she says she could never forget table tennis.65. When did Deng Yaping win her first world championship?A. 1990.B. In 1989.C. 1992.D. 2002.66. Why was she crowned with the Laureus Award in 2002?A. Because of her physical exercise.B. Because of her eating habit.C. Because of her good character..D. Because of her excellent sporting performance.67. Where else did Deng Yaping further her study besides in Tsinghua University?A. At Harvard.B. At Beijing UniversityC. At Cambridge University.D. At Murdoch University68. In just 8 years, Deng Yaping won _________.A. 4 world champions and 6 Olympic gold medalsB. 10 world champions and 4 Olympic gold medalsC. 14 world champions and 6 Olympic gold medalsD. 14 world champions and 4 Olympic gold medals(Ｂ)There are thirty-four bridges on the Thames River in London, the following are among the most famous ones.Tower BridgeTower Bridge has stood over the River Thames in London since 1894 and is one of the finest, most recognizable bridges in the World. It is the bridge in London you may see in movies and on advertising writing for London. Tower Bridge is the only Thames Bridge that can be raised. It used to be raised about 50 times a day, but nowadays it is only raised 4 to 5 times a week. London BridgeThe construction of the first stone London Bridge started in 1176 and finished years later. Houses and shops were once built on the bridge, which made the road so narrow that it was often jammed with people, horses and carts. A ‘keep left’ rule was made in 1733 to keep the traffic moving. This became the rule of the road in Britain. In 1757 the old bridge was pulled down and a new one was built in 1831. Interestingly, that one was pulled down again in 1967 but rebuilt in Lake Havasu City, USA, as a tourist attraction. The present London Bridge was opened in 1973. Millennium BridgeThe Millennium Bridge is a bridge for walkers. It was built to connect the Tate Modern Art Gallery to the City and St Paul’s Cathedra l (圣保罗大教堂) in 2000. Thousands of people rushed to see the new bridge. Almost immediately after opening, the bridge had to be shut because of the dangerous waving caused by too many visitors. It has now been reopened. The bridge is about 320 meters, costs 16 million pounds to build and only takes walkers.Westminster BridgeWestminster Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge over the River Thames between Westminster and Lambeth. The present bridge, opened in 1862, is the second on the site and took the place of an earlier bridge opened in 1750. The British romantic poet, William Wordsworth, wrote a famous poem “Composed Upon Westminster Bridge” in the autumn of 1802.Want to know more about the bridges on the Thames River? Click hereaaabridgesinbritainaaa.69.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. The 1831 London Bridge is now in the USA.B. Tower Bridge is much less frequently lifted today than before.C. Cars and buses are not allowed to cross Millennium Bridge.D. Westminster Bridge is for walkers only.70.The Passage is most probably taken from a ________.A. school reportB. website articleC. teenage magazineD. science fiction71.What can we learn from the passage?A. William Wordsworth wrote many poems of the bridges on the Thames River.B. Millennium Bridge wasn’t built strong enough so that it had to be pulled down and rebu ilt.C. That all the traffic is kept left in Britain was from a rule of an old London Bridge.D. Tower Bridge is the symbol of London because it is the first bridge on the Thames River.(C)Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Hugo10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36, 000 homes in the state.Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly construct ed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sulli van’s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern” at night, according to one server. But looks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel reds to give it extra strength.To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2. 7 meters off the ground on timber pilings-long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings, ” said Huff.Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,”said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.72. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline are required .A. to be easily reinforcedB. to look smarter in designC. to meet stricter building standardsD. to be designed in the shape of cubes73. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because .A. it is strengthened by steel redsB. it is made of redwoodC. it is in the shape of a shellD. it is built with timber and concrete74. Huff raised the house 2. 7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to .A. withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hrB. anchor stronger pilings deep in the sandC. break huge sea waves into smaller onesD. prevent water from rushing into the house75. The main function of the shell is .A. to strengthen the pilings of the houseB. to give the house a better appearanceC. to protect the wooden frame of the houseD. to slow down the speed of the swelling waterSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. The engine in your body.B. The location, size and heartbeat of a heart.C. What happens when the heart beats?D. How does your heart work?E. How do we know about the heart?F. What can a doctor tell by feeling your pulse?76. 79.Your heart is located in your chest, a little to your left. This heart of yours, which is about the size of your two fists held together, beats about 90 times a minute. A grown person's heart beats about 60 to 80 times a minute. The heartbeat is not just the same in all persons, and it is not the same in any one person at all times.77. 79.When your heart beats, it is pumping blood to all parts of your body. If you could examine your heart closely, you would see that it is really two pumps placed side by side, and working at the same time. Each pump has two parts, the upper part called the auricle (心房), and the lower part called the ventricle (心室). The auricles receive the blood as it comes into them after it has been pumped through the body. The ventricles pump the blood out. The right one pumps the blood to the lungs and the left one pumps the blood to all other parts of the body. At the top and bottom openings of each ventricle are valves (阀门) which make the blood go in only one direction. 78. 79.Your heart is sometimes called the engine or the motor in your body and sometimes called the pump. It works away, both day and night. First it pumps out some blood, rests for a few seconds, and then it pumps some more. In a normal day, the heart pumps about 2 500 gallons of blood from the auricles and ventricles.79. 79.By using a stethoscope to listen to the heart, the doctor can tell whether your heart is beatingevenly and whether the valves are closing tightly. The stethoscope makes these sounds so clear that the doctor can hear them easily. The stethoscope has an earpiece that he places on your chest and tubes that he places in his ear. The earpiece carries the sound or your heart's beating along the tubes to the doctor's ears, and it makes the sound seem much louder than it really is. The doctor could listen to your heartbeat by pulling his ear against your chest.80.An easy experiment can help you understand what happens when the heart beats. You can do this experiment with a hollow rubber ball. Make a small hole in it, and fill the ball with water through the hole. When you squeeze the ball, you will notice how the water comes out in a spurt each time you squeeze. After each spurt the ball comes back to its round shape again. Something like this happens when your heart beats. The muscles in your heart grow smaller, or contract, and squeeze the blood out of the heart. Each time this happens, we say your heart is beating. Perhaps you have noticed that the doctor places his finger on the pulse in your wrist when you are ill. By doing this he can tell how fast your heart is beating.SectionＤDirections: Read the passages carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.No one can fail to stand in awed admiration of the great discoveries of history—Newton' s laws of motion; Kepler's principles of planetary movement, Einstein's general theory of relativity. Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting, theatre, music and literature, which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts. What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving?A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity. The solution to a problem, we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight (顿悟)，although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time. As a particular form of problem solving, these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past, whether this be of the ``public" sort known to science, or of the "private" sort known to the artist.Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.81. Why are Newton, Kepler and Einstein mentioned in the first paragraph?82. What does the word “this” refer to?83. The word “predictable” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.84. While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements, thinkerssometimes also depend on their ________.第II卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 李先生是第一个发现那间房屋着火的。
上海市静安区高三生物上学期期末教学质量检测试题
静安区2015学年第一学期高三年级教学质量检测生命科学试卷一、选择题（每题均只有一个正确答案；每题2分）1.下列有机物中，元素构成种类最多的是（）A.蔗糖B.脂肪C.葡萄糖D.核苷酸2.人体自身一般不能合成，必须全部由食物供给的是( )A．AT P B．维生素D C．必需氨基酸 D．甲状腺素3.有机物是生命体重要的结构物质，下列关于有机物的叙述，正确的是（）A.抗体的水解产物是核苷酸B.麦芽糖的水解产物是葡萄糖C.生物的遗传物质都是DNAD.葡萄糖在血液中转化成糖原4.有关无机物或无机离子在生物体中存在状况和功能的叙述正确的是（）A．幼年个体中自由水比例少于成年个体中自由水比例B. 血液中Ca2+含量过高易引起人体肌肉抽搐C．人体缺锌易出现生长发育不良和认知障碍症状D．碘是植物叶肉细胞中叶绿素分子的组成成分5.有关生物结构与类别的叙述正确的是（）A.颤藻的叶绿体呈螺旋带状B. 噬菌体的遗传物质形成拟核C.洋葱根尖细胞中含有大型液泡D. 圆褐固氮菌能将N2转化成铵盐6.下列可用于观察染色体结构的材料是（）①洋葱鳞茎表皮②小麦的根尖③动物卵巢④鼠的神经元A．① B．①② C．②③ D．②③④7. 关于微生物的叙述正确的是( )A. 细菌以形成荚膜度过不良环境B. 大肠杆菌通常进行出芽生殖C. 黏菌与乳酸菌都属于真核生物D. 古细菌通常对利福平不敏感8.环境温度从25℃降到0℃，则鸽子的耗氧量和体内酶活性的变化依次为（）A．减少、减少 B．增加、不变C．增加、减少 D．不变、不变9. 发生在人体细胞外液中的生化反应是（）A．抗体的合成 B．血红蛋白的合成C．脱氨基与氨基形成尿素的作用D．乳酸与碳酸氢钠作用生成乳酸钠和碳酸10. ATP脱去两个磷酸基可形成（）A.腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸B.腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸C.胞嘧啶核苷酸D.尿嘧啶核苷酸11.用32p标记噬菌体的DNA组成成分，下列被标记的部位正确的是（）A．① B．② C．③ D．④12.下列属于克隆的是（）①扦插②DNA复制③胚胎细胞移植④精、卵受精作用A．①②B．②③C．①②③D．①③④13.下图中能正确表示10至30℃范围内，胃蛋白酶对底物的分解速度和温度关系的是（）14.以下不能．．说明细胞具有全能性的实验是（ ） A.菠菜叶肉细胞形成植株 B.向日葵种子发育成植株C.转基因的棉花细胞培育成植株D.杂合体小麦韧皮部组织培育成植株 15.在果蝇的下列细胞中，一定存在Y 染色体的细胞（ ） A ．初级精母细胞 B ．精细胞 C ．初级卵母细胞 D16.右图表示不同浓度生长素对芽生长的影响。
2010年高考上海生物试卷及答案
阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
——培根2010年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海生命科学试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1-4页)和第Ⅱ卷(第5-12页)两部分。
全卷共l2页。
满分l50分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(共60分)考生注意：1.答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用2B铅笔正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2.第I卷(1-31题)，由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答题需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
一.单选题(共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项)(一)1分题(共6题)1．右图是某生物模式图，组成结构a的物质最有可能是A．蛋白质 B RNA C．DNA D．脂质2．.以“-GAATTG-”的互补链转录mRNA，则此段mRNA的序列是A．-GAAUUG- B．-CTTAAC- C．-CUUAAC- D．-GAATTG-3．以下最能反映健康人餐后6小时内血糖浓度变化趋势的曲线是4．细胞内某一DNA片段中有30％的碱基为A，则该片段中A．G的含量为30％B．U的含量为30％C．嘌呤含量为50％D．嘧啶含量为40％5. 右图表示生物体内的某化学反应，下列有关该反应的叙述中错误的是A．需要解旋酶B．属于水解反应C．会有能量变化D．反应速度与温度有关6．膝跳反射中，神经冲动在神经元间的传递途径是A．树突→突触→细胞体→轴突B．轴突→细胞体→树突→突触C．树突→细胞体→轴突→突触D．树突→突触→轴突→细胞体(二)2分题(共21题)7．在人和植物体内部会发生的物质转化过程是①葡萄糖彻底氧化②葡萄糖转化为乙醇③葡萄糖脱水缩合④葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④8．某种寄生虫寄生在人体淋巴管内，会造成下肢肿胀，这是由于肿胀处A．细胞间隙积聚液体B．细胞不能接受氨基酸C．细胞不能对脂肪进行分解 D. 细胞外液Na+浓度是内液的12倍9．下列选项中，含有相同元素的一组化合物是A．纤维素和尿素B．脂肪酸和磷脂C．腺苷三磷酸和核糖核酸D．胆固醇和血红蛋白10．右图表示一种物质的跨膜运输方式，下列叙述中正确的是A．该膜中载体也能运输蔗糖B．碘以该方式进入海带细胞C．该方式不会出现饱和现象D．该方式发生在被运输物质从高浓度到低浓度时11.一对灰翅昆虫交配产生的91只后代中，有黑翅22只，灰翅45只，白翅24只。
上海静安区第一学期期末教学质量检测生物
2016学年静安区第一学期期末教学质量检测高中等级性考试生命科学试卷2016.12 考生注意：本卷分两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，考试时长60分钟，满分100分。
考试作答需全部写在答卷中，选择题答案用2B．．铅笔在相应题号．．．．．．．白勺．．选项空格中涂黑．．．．．．．；分析简答题则需用黑色圆珠笔或黑色水笔写在相应．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．白勺．．作答区域，否则不得分．．．．．．．．．．。
一、选择题（每题仅有一个正确选项，每题2分，共40分）1.下列有机物中，元素组成种类最少白勺是（）A.葡萄糖B.氨基酸C.核苷酸D.抗体2．右图1是一细胞白勺模式图。
下列有关该细胞功能与结构白勺叙述正确白勺是（）A该细胞可能是动物细胞B该细胞能进行有氧呼吸C该细胞没有核膜结构D该细胞可能是乳酸菌细胞3. 缺乏维生素C易得（）A.侏儒症B.坏血病C.脚气病D.软骨病4.要观察植物细胞白勺细胞板结构，所选择白勺细胞应处于有丝分裂白勺（）A前期B中期C后期D末期5.下图2白勺a至d为物质出入细胞膜方式白勺示意图，关于a～d白勺叙述正确白勺是（）A.a可以表示CO2分子主动运输到胞内B.b可表示葡萄糖自由扩散至胞外C.c可表示钠离子经通道被动运输入胞D.d可表示蛋白质由内吞作用入胞6.下列有关现代生物进化理论白勺基本观点白勺叙述，不．正确白勺是（）A.基因频率白勺定向变化是进化白勺本质B. 个体是生物进化白勺基本单位C.突变和基因重组产生进化白勺原材料D. 自然选择决定生物进化白勺方向7.图3为含三对同源染色体白勺雄性动物体内某细胞示意图，相关叙述正确白勺是（）A.该细胞是体细胞B.该细胞正在同源染色体配对C.该细胞是次级精母细胞D.该细胞染色单体已经分离8.右图4是人体局部内环境示意图。
以下叙述正确白勺是（）A.蛋白摄入过少，C液量会增加B.B液是血浆，D液是组织液C.A液经血液循环进入结构2内图1图3D.C 液与A 液中物质不能互相交换9.右图5细胞是质壁分离实验过程中观察到白勺植物细胞模式图， 图白勺解释正确白勺是（ ）A.该细胞可能是根尖生长点细胞B.结构①弹性较大且物质透过性小C.②③④构成选择透过性白勺原生质层D.外界溶液浓度越高则⑤白勺空间越小10．下为生物遗传信息白勺传递过程和方式，有关叙述正确白勺是（ ）A.过程①一般发生在动物细胞质中B.过程②普遍存在于植物细胞中C.过程③只能发生在部分病毒体内D.过程④一般发生在细胞核中 11.赫尔希和蔡斯白勺噬菌体侵染细菌实验（噬菌体结构如图6所示）证明了DNA 是遗传物质。
2010静安一模卷
静安区2009学年第一学期高三年级教学质量检测生命科学试卷2010.1本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1-5页)和第Ⅱ卷(第6-12页)两部分，全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
考生需将答案全部写在答題纸上．．．．．．．．．．．．．．，写在试卷上不得分．．．．．．．．。
第I卷 (共60分)1分题1. 下列各组物质中，由相同种类元素组成的是A. 胆固醇、脂肪酸、脂肪酶B. 氨基酸、核苷酸、丙酮酸C. 淀粉、半乳糖、糖原D. 性激素、生长激素、胰岛素2. 下列生物中，具有细胞核膜结构的是A. 噬菌体B. 肺炎双球菌C. 乳酸菌D.蕈3. 下列关于细胞中水的含量的叙述，不正确．．．的是A. 水是人体细胞中含量最多的化合物B. 老年人细胞中含水量比婴儿的少C. 新陈代谢越旺盛，细胞中的含水量越高D. 抗冻的植物细胞内自由水含量大4. 下列生物是自养、需氧型的是A. 蓝藻B. 根瘤菌C. 蜗牛D. 朊病毒5. 下列是关于生殖方式的叙述，正确的是A. 水螅只能进行无性生殖B. 豌豆行卵式生殖C．酵母菌主要进行分裂生殖 D. 单性生殖本质上属无性生殖6. 用适量的5%NaOH溶液和1%CuSO4溶液来鉴定蛋白质，是由于蛋白质有A. 氨基酸B. 肽键C. 羧基D. 氨基7. 下列肯定不是．．．．人体内环境的成分的是A.神经递质B. 尿素C. 抗体D. 血红蛋白8. 可用显微镜检测出的遗传疾病是A. 先天性愚型B. 色盲 C．苯丙酮尿症 D．白化病2分题9. 下列叙述不正确．．．的是A. 果实发育所需的生长素主要来自顶芽B. 古细菌一般能生活在较极端的环境C. 分解代谢与合成代谢同时进行D. 无籽番茄与无籽西瓜培育的原理不同10. 下图为人体感觉器官或部分组织模式图，请据图选择正确的描述：①A 图的结构1是晶状体，结构3是玻璃体，结构2房水②B 图的结构5是神经细胞，结构6是视细胞，它们共同构成了A 图的结构3 ③C 图的结构8是半规管，与平衡感觉有关；结构11含有听觉感受器 ④D 图是味蕾，能感受甜、酸、苦、辣A. ①②B. ②③C. ③④D. ①④ 11. 动物和人体内具有分裂和分化能力的细胞称为干细胞。
上海市静安区最新高三上学期期末教学质量检测生物试题
本试卷分为选择题(第１—4页）和简答题（第5－12页)两部分，全卷共１2页。
满分1５０分.考试时间为120分钟。
考生需将答案全部写在答題纸上．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．不要超过答题框，否则不得分．．．．．．．．．．．．．.．一、选择题（每题均只有一个正确答案；每题２分） 1。
下列化合物构成元素种类最多的是( ）A ．葡萄糖B ．甘油 C.纤维素 D 。
磷脂 ２．下图表示甲、乙两类物质的结构模式,对这两类物质的推论，正确的是( ）A.甲可能是多糖，乙可能是脂肪酸 B ．甲可能是多糖,乙可能是多肽链 C ．甲可能是多核苷酸链，乙是多肽链 D.甲可能是十肽，乙可能是多核苷酸链 3。
下列各现象中，在健康者的内环境中发生的是( )A 。
神经递质与受体结合 B.血红蛋白与氧结合 C ．三磷酸腺苷的合成与水解 Ｄ．遗传信息的转录和表达4．在“观察植物细胞的质壁分离和复原”实验中,对紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮临时装片进行了三次观察（如下图所示）。
下列有关叙述正确的是（ ）Ａ．第一次观察容易看到紫色大液泡膜和细胞膜的边界B.第二次观察可发现细胞壁的角隅处先发生质壁分离C.第三次观察可以发现紫色液泡膜的边界越来越清晰D.为节约实验时间，通常可省略第一次显微观察步骤5。
人体因缺乏某些营养成分或激素而出现一些病症,下列表述中,正确的是（）Ａ．缺乏维生素Ｃ易患夜盲症B。
缺锌易患肢端肥大症Ｃ．幼年甲状腺激素分泌不足易患侏儒症Ｄ。
蛋白质摄入不足会导致组织水肿6.研究化合物P对淀粉酶活性的影响，得如下图所示的结果.有关叙述正确的是（）A。
底物浓度与反应速度呈正比B．A点随温度升高不断持续上移C．化合物P与底物是非竞争性关系D。
P使酶失去了催化能力７.关于微生物的叙述，正确的是（）Ａ。
细菌以芽孢形式进行出芽生殖 Ｂ。
荚膜是支原体加厚的细胞壁 C.黏菌是一种只含原生质的原核生物 Ｄ．利福平不能抑制顽固热变形菌的RNA 合成８．右图为反射弧结构示意图，下列有关说法正确的是（ ）A 。
静安区2010学年高三期末教学质量检测
静安区2010学年第一学期期末教学质量检测高三年级数学试卷（文理合卷）（本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟） 2011.1学生注意：1． 本试卷包括试题纸和答题纸两部分．2． 在试题纸上答题无效，必须在答题纸上的规定位置按照要求答题． 3． 可使用符合规定的计算器答题．一、填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分． 1. 设i 为虚数单位，计算=+ii1 . 2．（理） 幂函数()x f 的图象过点()2,2，则()41-f的值______________.2．（文）幂函数()x f 的图象过点()2,2，则其解析式()=x f .3. 621x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中常数项是_________．（用数字作答）4. 若 02010221=--x x ，则=x ．5. 若直线m my x m y mx 21=++=+与平行，则m =_____．6.已知*,21312111N n nn n n a n ∈+++++++=，那么+=+n n a a 1 .7.（理）若实数x 满足对任意正数0>a ，均有12->x a ，则x 的取值范围是 .7.（文） 若实数x 满足对任意正数0>a ，均有a x +<12，则x 的取值范围是 .8. 已知椭圆22221(0)y x a b a b+=>>的右顶点为(1,0)A ，过其焦点且垂直长轴的弦长为1．则椭圆方程为 .9．若直线2+=kx y 与抛物线x y 42=仅有一个公共点，则实数=k .10.如图，若框图所给的程序运行的输出结果为132=S ，那么判断框 中应填入的关于k 的判断条件是 ． 11.（理）已知全集U ={1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10}，集合{}321,,a a a A =，则满足41123+≥+≥a a a 的集合A 的个数第（10）题是 .（用数字作答）11.（文） 已知全集U ={1，2，3，4，5}，集合{}321,,a a a A =，则满足21123+≥+≥a a a 的集合A 的个数是 .（用数字作答）12.（理）已知向量a =（1，0），b =（0，1），向量c 满足（0)()=+⋅+b c a c ，则|c |的最大值是 .12.（文）在△ABC 中，∠C=90°，),1(k AB =，)1,2(=AC ，则k 的值是 . 13．已知函数)32sin(2)(π+=xx f ，若对任意的R x ∈，都有)()()(21x f x f x f ≤≤，则||21x x -的最小值为 .14. 设双曲线)0,0(12222>>=-b a by a x 的左、右焦点分别为)0,(1c F -、)0,(2c F ，0>c ，若以1F 2F 为斜边的等腰直角三角形21AF F 的直角边的中点在双曲线上，则ac等于 .二、选择题（本大题满分16分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案．考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得4分，否则一律得零分．15．右图给出了某种豆类生长枝数y (枝)与时间t (月)的散点图，那么此种豆类生长枝数与时间的关系用下列函数模型近似刻画最好的是………………………………………………………………( )(A)22t y =； (B)t y 2log =； (C)3t y =； (D)ty 2=．16. 下列命题中正确的命题是……………………………（ ） （A ）若存在[]12,,x x a b ∈，当12x x <时，有()12()f x f x <，则说函数)(x f y =在区间[]b a ,上是增函数；（B ）若存在],[b a x i ∈（),2,1*N n i n n i ∈≥≤≤、，当123n x x x x <<<<时，有()()()123()n f x f x f x f x <<<<，则说函数)(x f y =在区间[]b a ,上是增函数；（C ）函数)(x f y =的定义域为),0[+∞，若对任意的0x >，都有()(0)f x f <，则函数)(x f y =在),0[+∞上一定是减函数；（D ）若对任意[]12,,x x a b ∈，当21x x ≠时，有0)()(2121>--x x x f x f ，则说函数)(x f y =在区间[]b a ,上是增函数。
上海市长宁区2010届高三生物上学期期末抽测 沪科版 新课标
上海市长宁区2010届高三上学期期终抽测生物试卷本试卷分为第I卷（第1-5页）和第II卷（第6-11页）两部分。
全卷共11页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第I卷（共60分）考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、姓名。
2．第I卷（1-32题），由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
一．单选题（共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项）（一）1分题（共8题）1．核糖与核酸都不含有的元素是A．N B．O C．P D．S2．下列疾病中，由细菌引起的是A．狂犬病 B．结核病 C．脚气病 D．白化病3．若将细胞膜的磷脂提取后放入盛有水的容器中，下列能正确反应其分布的图是4．细胞周期中，DNA复制发生在A．G1期 B．G2期 C．M期 D．S期5．人在一天的24小时中，血压也会有一定规律的波动，血压最低的时间是 A．清晨 B．中午 C．下午 D．晚上6．下列人体不同种类的体液之间，物质种类及浓度差别最小的是A．血浆和组织液 B．组织液和淋巴液 C．淋巴液和细胞内液 D．细胞内液和血浆7．两杂种黄色籽粒豌豆杂交产生种子120粒，其中纯种黄色种子的数目约为A．0粒 B．30粒 C．60粒 D．90粒8．我国海关对凡入境的货物都进行严格检疫，严禁境外有害生物（包括虫卵和微生物）流入境内，若其一旦流入境内适宜的环境中，结果是①其数量在一段时间内呈“J”型增长②由于其天敌数量较多，将难以生存③境内生物多样性受到威胁④丰富了我国的生物种类，对生态平衡有益 A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④（二）2分题（共20题）9．ATP可以作为一种原料用来合成A．DNA B．RNA C．蛋白质 D．糖原10．右图中的各种物质或结构，彻底水解后产物种类最多的是A．① B．②C．③ D．④11．Aa、Bb、Cc三对基因分别位于三对同源染色体上，基因型AaBbCc的一个初级精母细胞经正常减数分裂形成的精子，按基因组成有A．2种 B．4种 C．8种 D．16种12．关于病毒的代谢，下列叙述中不正确的是A．病毒没有独立的代谢能力 B．病毒进行无氧呼吸C．在寄主体外，病毒并不能表现出生命活动D．病毒无法直接与外界进行物质和能量的交换13．下列检测指标中，作为血脂常规检验的项目是①磷脂②糖脂③脂蛋白④甘油三酯A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④14．要探究pH对酶活性的影响，应选择表中进行实验的一组试管是试管内容物条件①1mL10％鸡蛋清溶液+1mL清水35℃～38℃水浴；pH＝5②1mL10％鸡蛋清溶液+1mL胰蛋白酶35℃～38℃水浴；pH=5③1mL10％鸡蛋清溶液+1mL胰蛋白酶35℃～38℃水浴；pH＝9④1mL10％鸡蛋清溶液+1mL胰蛋白酶4℃水浴；pH＝9A．①④ B．②③ C．①③ D．②④15．将一株植物在黑暗环境中放置48小时，然后将一叶片的主脉切断，如右图所示，在阳光下照射4小时，将此叶片脱色处理后，再用碘液处理，结果a部呈棕褐色，b部呈蓝色，这个实验验证光合作用需要A．光 B．CO2 C．水D．叶绿素16．某学校的研究性学习小组以“研究 xx 遗传病的遗传方式”为课题进行调查研究，最好选择调查何种遗传病以及采用的方法是A．白化病；在患者家系中调查B．红绿色盲；在患者家系中调查C．青少年肤色；在学校内随机抽样调查D．青少年型糖尿病；在患者家系中调查17．在玉米中，有色种子必须同时具备A、B、D三个基因，否则无色。
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上海市静安区2010届高三上学期教学质量检测生命科学试卷 2010.1 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1-5页)和第Ⅱ卷(第6-12页)两部分，全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
考生需将答案全部写在答題纸上．．．．．．．．．．．．．．，写在试卷上不得分．．．．．．．．。
第I卷 (共60分)1分题1. 下列各组物质中，由相同种类元素组成的是A. 胆固醇、脂肪酸、脂肪酶B. 氨基酸、核苷酸、丙酮酸C. 淀粉、半乳糖、糖原D. 性激素、生长激素、胰岛素2. 下列生物中，具有细胞核膜结构的是A. 噬菌体B. 肺炎双球菌C. 乳酸菌D.蕈3. 下列关于细胞中水的含量的叙述，不正确．．．的是A. 水是人体细胞中含量最多的化合物B. 老年人细胞中含水量比婴儿的少C. 新陈代谢越旺盛，细胞中的含水量越高D. 抗冻的植物细胞内自由水含量大4. 下列生物是自养、需氧型的是A. 蓝藻B. 根瘤菌C. 蜗牛D. 朊病毒5. 下列是关于生殖方式的叙述，正确的是A. 水螅只能进行无性生殖B. 豌豆行卵式生殖C．酵母菌主要进行分裂生殖 D. 单性生殖本质上属无性生殖6. 用适量的5%NaOH溶液和1%CuSO4溶液来鉴定蛋白质，是由于蛋白质有A. 氨基酸B. 肽键C. 羧基D. 氨基7. 下列肯定不是．．．．人体内环境的成分的是A.神经递质B. 尿素C. 抗体D. 血红蛋白8. 可用显微镜检测出的遗传疾病是A. 先天性愚型B. 色盲 C．苯丙酮尿症 D．白化病2分题9. 下列叙述不正确．．．的是A. 果实发育所需的生长素主要来自顶芽B. 古细菌一般能生活在较极端的环境C. 分解代谢与合成代谢同时进行D. 无籽番茄与无籽西瓜培育的原理不同10. 下图为人体感觉器官或部分组织模式图，请据图选择正确的描述：D①A图的结构1是晶状体，结构3是玻璃体，结构2房水②B图的结构5是神经细胞，结构6是视细胞，它们共同构成了A图的结构3③C图的结构8是半规管，与平衡感觉有关；结构11含有听觉感受器④D图是味蕾，能感受甜、酸、苦、辣A. ①②B. ②③C. ③④D. ①④11. 动物和人体内具有分裂和分化能力的细胞称为干细胞。
对下图的相关叙述中，错误．．的是A. a过程表示干细胞能自我更新B. b、c过程表示干细胞具有分化能力C. a、b、c过程中细胞的遗传信息表达情况不同D. a、b、c过程进行中遗传物质发生不同的定向变异12. 蛋白质是细胞中重要的有机化合物，以下关于蛋白质的说法，正确的是A．所有的酶都是蛋白质B．所有的抗原都是蛋白质C．生物膜上的载体都是蛋白质D．神经递质都是蛋白质13. 右图是由三个圆所构成的类别关系图，下列各项符合这种类别关系的是A．Ⅰ能源物质、Ⅱ脂肪、Ⅲ核酸B．Ⅰ无性生殖、Ⅱ出芽生殖、Ⅲ营养生殖C．Ⅰ次级代谢产物、Ⅱ维生素、Ⅲ抗生素D．Ⅰ蛋白质、Ⅱ酶、Ⅲ激素14. 下列对“提取并纸层析分离光合色素”实验合理的解释是A. 滤纸条上未见色素带，说明研磨时加入的碳酸钙使色素被破坏B. 光合色素不可以用酒精提取C. 提取液呈绿色是因为其中叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量高D. 滤纸条上胡萝卜素带的位置处在最下方15. 下列关于ATP的有关叙述错误．．的是A. “ATP”中的“A”是指腺嘌呤B. 合成ATP所需的能量可以来自光能，也可来自有机物中的化学能C. ATP水解过程同时伴随能量的释放D. ATP在细胞中不能储存16. 在3根试管中均加入等量的5%的过氧化氢溶液，再分别加入适量的二氧化锰、鲜猪肝研磨液、唾液，一段时间内测得底物含量变化如右图。
则对图的表述正确的是①曲线B表示二氧化锰的催化作用，A与B的对照反映了无机催化剂的专一性特点②曲线C表示猪肝中过氧化氢酶的催化作用，A与C对照反映了酶的专一性特点③曲线C与B的对照可以说明酶的高效性④曲线A不下降的原因可能是唾液淀粉酶的与该底物不能形成酶底复合物A. ①②B. ③④C. ①②④D. ②③④17. 一个处于安静状态的人，在不同气温中，皮肤血管血液的相对流量如右图。
下列分析不正确．．．的是A. 皮肤血流量的变化受下丘脑的调节B. 在AB段机体甲状腺激素分泌增加C. 在CD段皮肤血管收缩汗腺分泌加强D. 在D段以后需及时补充水和无机盐18. 生命科学研究常利用同位素标记特定的化合物,追踪或显示物质运行和变化过程.下列各项所选择使用的同位素及相关结论不．正确的是同位素应用A 35S 标记噬菌体，证明DNA是遗传物质B 15N 标记DNA分子，证明DNA分子半保留复制方式C 14C 标记CO2，得知碳原子在光合作用中的转移途径D 18O 分别标记CO2和水，证明光合作用所释放的氧气全部来自于水19. 关于血压的叙述，正确的是①收缩压和舒张压分别发生在心房的收缩期与心室的舒张期②血压的调节包含神经和激素两种调节方式③副交感神经兴奋会升高血压④血管的管腔大小和血浆渗透压都影响血压A. ①③B. ②④C. ①②③D. ②③④20. 隔离在物种形成中的根本作用是A．使种群间基因不能自由交流 B．使种群间的雌、雄个体失去交配机会C．使种群间的介体互不认识 D．使不同种群适应于不同的地理环境21. 已知某物种的一条染色体上依次排列着M、N、O、P、Q五个基因，如图列出的若干种变化中，不属于染色体结构发生变化的是22. 线粒体的结构由线粒体中DNA决定，若线粒体中的DNA受损伤，则下列细胞的功能受影响最大的是A. 红细胞吸收葡萄糖B. 小肠上皮细胞吸收水C. 神经细胞吸收K+D. 红细胞吸收氧气23. 下列组图是研究植物向性运动与生长素之间的关系，其相关说法错误．．的是A．当探究胚芽鞘感受光刺激的部位时，应设置c和e对照B．当探究植物向光性产生的外因时，可设置a和c对照C．当探究植物向光性产生的物质内因时，应设置的实验组为b和c对照D．图中能向光弯曲生长的是c和e，停止生长的是b和f24. 下列曲线能正确表示人体消化酶作用规律的是A. I和ⅢB. Ⅱ和ⅣC. I和ⅣD. Ⅱ和Ⅲ25. 番茄黄果（A）对红果（a）为显性，现以基因型为aa的红果番茄为母本，基因型Aa 的黄果番茄为父本进行杂交，则母本植株上所结番茄的表现型以及子一代自交后代中杂合体的比例依次是A. 黄果与红果各一半； 1/2B. 全部黄果； 1/4C. 全部红果； 1/4D. 黄果与红果各一半； 1/426．右图表示在人体细胞核中进行的某一生命过程，据图分析，下列说法正确的是①该过程共涉及5种核苷酸②在同一个体的不同组织细胞中参与该过程的物质有所差异③该过程不可能发生在S期④该过程需要聚合酶A. ①④B. ②③C. ②③④D. ①③④27．某50肽中有丙氨酸（R基为—CH3）2个，现脱掉其中的丙氨酸(相应位置下如图)得到几种不同有机产物，其中脱下的氨基酸均以游离态正常存在。
下列有关该过程产生的全部有机物中有关原子、基团或肽键数目的叙述错误．．的是A. 肽键数目减少4个B. 氢原子数目增加8个C. 氨基和羧基分别增加4个D. 氧原子数目增加2个28. 若某mRNA中尿嘧啶数200个，占全部碱基的10%。
正常情况下转录该mRNA的DNA片段中的腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤数之和是A. 500个B. 1000个C. 2000个D. 4000个3分题29. 研究发现生长素（IAA）和赤霉素（GA）对胚芽鞘、茎枝切段等离体器官的作用如图。
下列有关叙述正确的是A. IAA和GA均具有促进植物生长的作用，但GA的促进效应较IAA明显B．IAA和GA 同时存在时，具有明显增效作用C．图二表明生长素与赤霉素共同促进细胞的伸长D．赤霉素通过自身能否转化为生长素而对生长起调节作用30. 下列是关于突触传导与脊髓反射的结构图，请据图分析下列选项，其中正确的是A. 甲图中结构4的物质与结构2结合,导致结构1的变化,从而决定神经冲动传导方向由左向右B. 乙图由该部位刺激至产生反应的过程称反射C. 丙图刺激b点能产生反应，刺激a点不能产生反应D. 丁图的c、d均为脊神经，其中包括部分自主神经31. 某种二倍体植物的花色是由4对等位基因共同控制，4对等位基因分别位于4对同源染色体上，它们分别是Aa、Bb、Dd、Ee。
花色的深浅与个体所带显性基因数目有关，而与基因种类无关，如基因型AABBddee与aabbDDEE的表现型一致。
若基因型为AaBbDdEe的个体自交，则子代表现型总数及基因型为aaBbDDEe个体的比例依次是A．8和1/16 B. 9和1/64 C. 16和1/16 D. 12和1/6432. 某种二倍体动物的血型基因分别有K A、K B、K E、k，则这类动物的血型表现型与基因型种类数依次是A. 4种与7种B. 6种与10种C. 7种与10种D. 8种与9种第Ⅱ卷 (共90分)33．（9分）在适宜的条件下，测定光照强度对植物光合作用速率的影响。
下图甲表示实验组的装置，图乙表示在不同光照强度下, 由装置甲测得的植物叶片．．光合作用速率(单位时间内一定面积的叶片对空气中二氧化碳的吸收或释放量)。
请据图回答。
（1）图甲中B瓶中的液体可能是一定浓度的；若实验在开始之前U 型管的C、D两管内有色液体液面等高，然后立即放置于强度为2千勒司的光照下1小时。
则甲图中U型管的C、D两管中的液面位置情况是。
（2）在光照强度为4Klx时，每100cm2叶片每小时有机物（假设产物是葡萄糖）增重mg（保留1位小数）。
（3）F点以后，影响光合作用效率的因素可能是。
（4）若图甲中的叶片过密，则在相同的光照强度下，图乙中E点将向方向移动。
（5）若将甲图的A瓶植株除去，在B瓶中加入离体的叶绿体．．．．．．为实验材料。
则在光照强度为8Klx时，每100cm2叶片每小时吸收O2 mg。
（6）将该植物叶片从光下移到黑暗中，叶绿体中C3化合物含量短时间内的变化将是。
34.（10分）在上海郊外，一些学生利用样方法研究山坡上三个不同地点A、B、C的植物群落，他们同时还量度了三个地点的一些非生物的环境因素，所获数据如下：（1）物种最丰富的地点是；山顶没有较高大的乔木与多种因素相关，其中主要的一个限制因素是。
（2）在样方设置与抽样过程中须具有科学性，请写出两项注意的事项：①②。
（3）下图是关于地点A(山脚)的草被类型由A、B、C三类物种随时间的演化成A、B、C、D 状况,其中草的类型A、B、C之间杂交不育，C与D之间可以正常杂交并产生可育后代。
时期1时期21）（须写出所有相关类型的编号）类型草之间的差异可称为多样性；（须写出所有相关类型的编号）类型草之间的差异可称为多样性。
2）D的出现可能是的结果。
3）若要使A、B物种之间产生杂交子代，可以运用的细胞工程技术。