任性!2016年5月22托福考试预测试题
5月22日托福口语答案解析
5月22日托福口语答案解析Task 1Which of the following is the best way to learn about a city: to join an organized trip; to visit the museums; to take walks in the streets of its cities?重复题目：2015年9月12日中国大陆Task1：Which one of the ways do you think is the best one to learn about a new city? Joining an organized visit; visiting the museum; Walking in the street相似题目：2006年12月1日中国大陆Task2：The best way to visit a city is to visit its landmarks and historical sites. Do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Please state your opinion and reasons.范例If you have enough time, the best way to learn about a city is to explore the streets and alleys yourself on foot or by bike. Before setting off, I would usually get a guidebook or do a lot of research online, studying the maps, browsing comments and journals about the city from experienced backpackers. Some of the tips are really insightful andcan save tons of time and quite some money as well, for instance, always avoid restaurants teaming with expats and follow the locals for the most authentic and fairly-priced food. It makes a lot of sense. Born and raised in the city, the local people are experts better than any museums and any travel agency, they know the history, they speak the language, and their presence is the culture itself. While you would probably find yourself visiting the most touristy or expensive parts the city, if you go to the travel agency to sign up for a trip.Task 2Some people like surprise visits from their friends, others prefer to be informed ahead of the visit. Which one do you prefer?重复题目：2015年1月31日中国大陆Task2:Some people like surprise visits from their friends, others prefer to be informed of such visits. Which one do you prefer?范例Personally speaking, I don’t like surprises, especially a surprise visit. Because, first, it may throw up my schedule. I like following through a plan without interruptions. Making adjustments for the short notice are stressful. And if a friend wants to visit me, I would also need some time to clean up my room and prepare the food or somethingfor a decent meal. Sometimes, A well-intended surprise visit may also end up with embarrassment. Last week, I invited a bunch of friends for my birthday Party at my place except my best friend, well my girl friend, because she had told me about a business trip she had to take weeks before. So, we were having fun drinking and playing games, then some one knocked on the door, it was her with a huge birthday cake, looking jealous.Task1:way do you think is the best to get to know a city? 1. Attend an organized package tour 2. Visit the city’s historyAs a visitor, which museum 3. Take a random walk on its street?I would prefer to attend an organized tour. Coz first, it makes our trip more efficient. People’s lives are hectic nowadays, we have to deal with various workloads, and are always running out of time for deadlines, an organized tour is just a time saver, which covers every aspect of a trip, like the passport, the air ticket and hotel reservation, our life will be so much easier with all those concerns taken care of; second, it would be interesting to go with a bunch of people, also more enjoyable and much safer, we can take care of each other, exchange ideas on the new city, and perhaps make good friends with each other, that would be cool.Task2:If one of your friends is gonna visit you, which way do you prefer? a surprise drop-by or inform you in advance.I would definitely prefer to be informed in advance. Coz even though people may saya surprise visit may give you some pleasant surprises, in fact, in today’s fast-paced modern society, a surprise visit may just be a total day time nightmare; people’s lives are hectic nowadays, we have to deal with various workloads, and are always running out of time for deadlines, a sudden visit may disrupt everything, like should I spend time with my friend coming from afar or continue to finish the urgent task at hand? It is really unpleasant and may even ruin our relationship.Task 3题目change: 学校决定开展给教授进行电脑技术培训的项目P1: 教授可以用电子设施P2: 设立bonus来激励教授参加对话观点：男的赞成R1: 如果老师只talk，学生无法集中注意力，无聊，比如历史课，有照片和视频会吸引学生R2: 教授忙于打分，作业和研究之类的，bonus可以鼓励他们参与到这个项目中去学习新技能Task 4题目名词：Startle Defense定义：动物display bright color或者loud sound来转移predator的注意力从而逃跑例子：和grass颜色很像的grasshoppers，如果鸟来了，它们会展开翅膀露出鲜红色和发生clicking的声音，鸟受到惊吓的瞬间，趁机逃跑。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（5）
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city. One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price. While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century (B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal (C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century (D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century 2. The word "bias偏见" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) diagonal斜线的 (B) slope (C) distortion (D) prejudice 3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas (A) were suspicious of their neighbors (B) were very proud of their lifestyle (C) believed city government had too much power (D) wanted to move to the cities 4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to (A) participate in the urban reform movement (B) seek financial security (C) comply with a government ordinance (D) avoid crime and corruption 5. The word "embraced拥抱" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) suggested (B) overestimated (C) demanded (D) welcomed 6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies? (A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers. (B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth (C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations. (D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas. 7. The word "exorbitant过⾼的(价钱)" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) additional (B) expensive (C) various (D) modified 8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT (A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies (B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments (C) the availability of services was regulated by local government (D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments 9. The word "Proponents⽀持者" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) Experts (B) Pioneers (C) Reviewers (D) Supporters 10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)? (A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities (B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas (C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem (D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories CDBBD ABDDA。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)
2016 年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析 (2)托福阅读试题1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutBritain's short supply of wood in the eighteenthcentury?A.Wood from Britain’s great forests was beingexported to other countries for profit.B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land forfarming.rger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.2.Select TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are true statementsabout Russia’s iron industry in the eighteenth century. To obtain credit, you mustselect TWO answer choices.A.Russia reached its maximum production of iron at the same time as Britain.B.Russia exported much of its iron production to Britain.C.Russia’s appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740.D.Russia’s energy resourceseventually became insufficient and limited the growth of its iron industry.3.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reliableB.plentifulC.well-preservedD.existing4.Why are "beer, glass, soap, and other products" mentioned in the discussion ofBritain’s energy?A.To help explain why the energy crisis was so severeB.To show that despite the energy crisis and as early as 1640, London homes were advancedand well suppliedC.To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heatD.To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before theeighteenth century5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery andNewcomen engines were similar EXCEPT:A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s.B.Both produced steam by burning coal.C.Both were used to operate pumps.D.Both were very inefficient.6.The word "gifted" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.independentB.talentedC.famousD.ambitious7.According to paragraph 4, what was James Watt’s major achievement?A. He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientificinstruments and tools for skilled crafts workers.B.He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led tomany patented inventions.C.He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.D.He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser.8.The word "splendid" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.originalB.necessaryC.magnificentD.popular9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a development thatgreatly changed the production of iron?A.The use of coke in the smelting of pig ironB.The invention of a furnace that used coke to refine ironC.The discovery of a method for increasing the production of charcoalD.The invention of powerful machinery that could shape, form, and finish iron10.In paragraph 6, why does the author compare British iron production in 1740 withthat of 1844?A.To contrast the amounts of iron needed in Britain in two different centuriesB.To illustrate how easy it was to make money using Cort’s inventionC.To demonstrate the tremendous growth of the iron industry in BritainD.To demonstrate how inexpensive coal had become11.The word "indispensable" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.advantageousB.essentialC.less costlyD.highly stimulating12.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development ofsteam power?A.The steam engine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.B.Although Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously,Britain wasfirst to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.C.Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase thesupply of coal as a primary source of energy.D.Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radicaldevelopments in machinery used in the iron industry.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? Energy had not been aproblem for Britain in the past because it relied on a rich source of energy: its vastforests.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. ■【A】 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had longago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. ■【B】Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet itremained tremendously important.■【C】It served as the primary source of heat for allhomes and industries and as a basic raw material.■【D】Processed wood (charcoal) was thefuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The ironindustry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry wasstagnating.Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron,much ofwhich was exported to Britain.But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too,and in a fewdecades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holdingEngland back.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy.A.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain lessdependent on wood.B.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources ofenergy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries.C.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order to overcome the disadvantages ofrelying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.D.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it usefulto several industries.E.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries fromcotton to iron production.F.Steam power increased coal production,which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of theiron industry and the British economy.托福阅读答案1.B2.BD3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.C10.C11.B12.C13.A14.CDF。
2016年托福独立写作真题题目汇总
20161105 science, technology, engineering and math that are likely to lead to job opportunities rather than subjects they might be interested in.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: 你同意还是不同意下面的这个观点： 20160911 One can learn about another person by the books and 我们能够从一个人喜欢的书和电影来
movies that person likes.
Some teachers just lecturing(speaking) on the class and students only take notes ；some other teachers make
20161112 their class time on discussion and projection and students
了解一个人。
The government cover internet fee or individual shohld 20160910
pay the internet fee/
你同不同意以下陈述？政府应该提供 免费的网络权限；人们应该不用花费 什么就可以上网。
人们保护和提高自 useful action for people to help protect
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People can solve important problems in daily 20161113 life on their own or with the help from families, so the help from government is not necessary.
2016.05.22托福阅读真题回顾与解析
2016.05.22托福阅读真题回顾与解析5月份最后两场托福阅读考试，马上就要开考，不造同学们准备得怎么样了呢?在这托福备考的最后阶段，天道小编将与您分享5月22日这一天的托福阅读真题并为您逐一解析，还请大家一定要仔细阅读哦!提前预祝诸位考生能够在新托福阅读考试中取得佳绩!托福真题回顾是记录每次考试的路标，每次的托福考试都会有题目是重复之前考试的原题，所以，大家可以通过分析考过的题目，来提高自己的托福成绩。
2016年5月22日的托福阅读考试结束了，小编准备了当天的托福阅读真题。
正在备考的大家快来看一下，相信一定可以给正在备战新托福阅读的你带来帮助!Passage 1Insect Wings文章解析给了一幅翅膀图，各种专业名词，顿时懵圈。
第一段：引入话题，翅膀化石fossil，引发很多猜测speculation。
第二段：讲了原始翅膀protowings，提出了一个theory，讲了翅膀的作用。
第三段：说第一个理论存在问题，protowing需要和身体以某种方式连接hinged，而且需要有肌肉控制翅膀的拍动，所以提出了另外一个理论解释翅膀的起源。
其中很多专业名词，但是题目特别简单(问什么导致了insect最终能飞行，定位在最后一句话finally，larger muscler让昆虫飞起来。
)第四段：支持第二个理论，反对第一种理论的证据是化学传感器chemical-sensing organs不在背上，在legs上。
[第二三段中有EXCEPT题，问第一个理论的problems是什么，两段的开头句逐个对应即可。
]第五段：提出第三个理论，protowings来自于水中的一种昆虫insect的腮gill。
问句：翅膀是怎么从水中到飞行的?答案是通过翅膀产生推动力浮在水面上，当muscle越来越强大，滑的越来越快，最后一飞冲天[有事实信息题]。
第六段：讲飞行的作用：虽然上面的理论还有争议，但是wing的作用是传播dispersal或avoid predator，尤其考虑到predators的数量，躲避predator才是最重要的目的[有句子简化题，注意转折关系]。
2016年5月托福写作考试真题预测
2016年5月托福写作考试真题预测对于2016年5月托福考试，大家对托福写作题目有哪些准备呢?下面小编为大家带了20道托福写作预测相关题目，大家快来拿去练习吧。
在这里独立和综合写作有哦，考前还是拿来练习一下为好。
独立写作：1.Do you agree or disagree with the statement:现在的家长养活子女比50年前较容易?2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: In the past,people were friendlier than they are today.3. For a business to be successful, it must spend a lot of money onadvertising.4.The rules that young people must follow and obey in today’s society aretoo strict.5.Should a school focus more on purchasing new equipment or recruitingbetter teachers?6. Should the government cover the Internet usage fee or should individualspay for this fee themselves?7.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? More and morepeople are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other goodways to spend money.8.你同意这一观点吗?良好的沟通技能是政治家或领导成功的关键特性。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（6）
Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available farmland was occupied, there was little in the region beyond the city to attract immigrants. New York and Philadelphia, by contrast, served a rich and fertile hinterland laced with navigable watercourses. Scots, Irish, and Germans landed in these cities and followed the rivers inland. The regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia became the breadbaskets of North America, sending grain not only to other colonies but also to England and southern Europe, where crippling droughts in the late 1760's created a whole new market. 1. Which of the following aspects of North America in the eighteenth century does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The effects of war on the growth of cities (B) The growth and influence of cities (C) The decline of farming in areas surrounding cities (D) The causes of immigration to cities 2. Why does the author say that "the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America" (lines 1-2)? (A) The influence of the cities was mostly negative (B) The populations of the cities were small, but their influence was great. (C) The cities were growing at a great rate. (D) Most people pretended to live in cities 3. The phrase "in place of " in lines 4-5 is closest in meaning to (A) connected to (B) in addition to (C) because of (D) instead of 4. The word "attendant伴随的" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) avoidable (B) accompanying (C) unwelcome (D) unexpected 5. Which of the following is mentioned as an element of modern capitalism? (B) Social deference (C) Social hierarchy (D) Independent craftspeople 6. It can be inferred that in comparison with North American cities, cities in Europe, the Middle East, and China had (A) large populations (B) little independence (C) frequent social disorder (D) few power sources 7. The phrase "exponential迅猛的 leaps" in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) long wars (B) new laws (C) rapid increases (D) exciting changes 8. The word "it" in line 15 refers to (A) population (B) size (C) Boston (D) Year 9. How many immigrants arrived in North America between 1760 and 1775? (A) About 16,000 (B) About 25,000 (C) About 30,000 (D) More than 200,000 10. The word "dictated决定" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) spoiled (B) reduced (C) determined (D) divided 11. The word "virtually⼏乎" in line 20 is closest in meaning to (A) usually (B) hardly (C) very quickly (D) almost completely 12. The region surrounding New York and Philadelphia is contrasted with the region surrounding Boston in terms of (B) origin of immigrants (C) opportunities for fishing (D) type of grain grown 13. Why does the author describe the regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia as "breadbaskets"? (A) They produced grain especially for making bread. (B) They stored large quantities of grain during periods of drought (C) They supplied grain to other parts of North America and other countries. (D) They consumed more grain than all the other regions of North America. BBDBA ACADC DAC。
5月22日 托福口语独立题小范围预测
5月22日托福口语独立题小范围预测Task11.Which one you will learn: play a piano, swim, and repair a car.思路：不管选哪个，除了说客观有点多说一些个人原因，比如选游泳，可以说很羡慕朋友们一起去附近公园的湖里游泳，希望可以加入他们，如果有孩子在自己身边有人 start to drown, 还可以救别人。
第二点说下客观有点就是beneficial for health, 细节可以说good for shaping up and burning calories because I have to keep doing crawl and treading water, it’s Cardio activity that promotes heart and lung health and Improves stamina, flexibility, strength and balance.2.When you and your friend have disagreement, what would you do to solve the disagreement?思路：可以描述一段曾经和朋友解决矛盾的例子来反应自己的原则，比如 I would compromise on the disagreement because I friendship comes first for me. 后面的经历可以自己编一下。
3.Your friend has to work a lot. Please suggest a hobby him to help him spend his weekendin a more delightful way. Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation思路：可以说下同学们之前说过的一些运动相关的话题，比如hiking, or playing basketball之类的，可以从两方面说，第一个就是physical movement, 通过stretch his body, keep walking, sweat a little, 让他感到很comfortable,第二方面就是和别人有更多的沟通，比如和队友聊聊最近的烦恼，新闻，或是开心的事儿，也可以很放松。
2016托福写作最新机经预测,新东方
新东方点题班写作预测超级小范围（18套题）--新东方北美研发中心超级小范围 (1)独立写作：（共18题） (1)综合写作（共18题） (4)超级小范围独立写作：（共18题）NO.1Nowadays it is not very important for families to regularly eat meals together. NO.2A leader should have strong opinions and not change his or her mind about those opinions.NO.3People who develop more different skills are more successful than those who focus on one skill only.NO.4Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:A strong ability to be cooperative and work with others is more valuable than a strong ability to lead others.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.NO.5大家新年的时候都会许下新年的new year’s resolution. 如果是你，你会在一下三个选项中选择哪一个作为新年的goal 或者resolution呢？1. To help with the community2. To do more exercise and have more nutritious food3. To have better time managementNO.6你推荐高中要求学生必须上关于以下哪种课程：做菜，个人理财（感谢三楼提醒），修车NO.7People should be open to new ideas and change his or her mind to besuccessfulNO.8有些人觉得他们可以靠自己或者家人的帮助，解决important problems.因此，人们不需要政府的帮助。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（1）
托福阅读原⽂ Protection of Plants by Insects 【1】Many plants - one or more species of at least68 different families - can secrete nectar even whenthey have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structures that producenectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures.These plants usually occur where antsare abundant, most in the tropics but some in temperate areas. Among those of northeasternNorth America are various plums, cherries, roses, hawthorns, poplars, and oaks. Like floralnectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids. The extrafloral nectaries of some plants areknown to attract ants and other insects, but the evolutionary history of most plants with thesenectaries is unknown. Nevertheless, most ecologists believe that all extrafloral nectaries attractinsects that will defend the plant. 【2】Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders ofplants. Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. To return thisfavor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might competewith ants for nectar. Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of theplants. 【3】Biologists once thought that secretion of extrafloral nectar has some purely internalphysiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever to the plants that secreteit. This view and the opposing “protectionist” hypothesis that ants defend plants had beendisputed for over a hundred years when, in 1910, a skeptical William Morton Wheelercommented on the controversy. He called for proof of the protectionist view: that visitations ofthe ants confer protection on the plants and that in the absence of the insects a much greaternumber would perish or fail to produce flowers or seeds than when the insects are present. That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established whenBarbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many moreobservations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants. 【4】One example shows how ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning gloriesagainst attacking insects. The principal insect enemies of the North American morning gloryfeed mainly on its flowers or fruits rather than its leaves. Grasshoppers feeding on flowersindirectly block pollination and the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or thestigma, which receives the pollen grains and on which the pollen germinates. Without theircolorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. An adult grasshoppercan consume a large corolla, about 2.5 inches long, in an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetlesaffect seed production directly. Caterpillars devour the ovaries, where the seeds are produced, and seed beetle larvae eat seeds as they burrow in developing fruits. 【5】Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, lessthan a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leavelittle doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy forceof grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of sixplants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied byants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, theydrive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they aremuch smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females astheylay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay. 托福阅读试题 1.According to paragraph 1，floral nectar andextrafloral nectar are alike in that A.they are likely to be produced by the same plants. B.they basically consist of the same chemicalcomponents. C.they attract only insects that will defend the plant. D.they are produced by the same parts of the plant. 2.To say that ants are "persistent" defenders of plants means that A.they defend plants against a wide variety of threats. B.they continue to defend plants for as long as the plants are threatened. C.they are successful defenders of plants. D.they are easily observable defenders of plants. 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the ants that are attracted to theextrafloral nectaries? A.They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce extrafloral nectar. B.They live almost entirely on extrafloral nectar. C.They spend most of their energy guarding extrafloral nectaries. D.They frequently fight among themselves over extrafloral nectar. 4.According to paragraph 3, what was the position of the opponents of the"protectionist" hypothesis? A.Extrafloral nectar provides plants with a direct defense against attack by insects. B.Ants substantially benefit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar. C.The secretion of extrafloral nectar plays a role in the plant’s internal functioning. D.Ants visit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar as often as they visit plants that do not. 5.The word "skeptical" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.curious. B.doubtful. C.open-minded. D.practical. 6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information jn thehighlighted sentence in the passage Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information. A.We now have ample proof that ants benefit plants. B.Barbara Bentley has called for additional proof that ants benefit plants. C.In 1977 Barbara Bentley conducted research that proved that all prior studies were wrong. D.Proof that ants benefit plants will require many more observations and experiments. 7.According to paragraph 4, what effect does the destruction of the corolla have onplants. A.It leaves the seeds exposed and unprotected. B.It prevents the stigma from developing. C.It keeps pollen grains from attaching properly. D.It prevents the flower from attracting pollinators. 8.The word "devour" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.attack. B.eat. C.damage. D.prefer. 9.What role does paragraph 5 play in the passage? A.It offers various kinds of evidence for the protectionist view. B.It presents the study that first proved that ants benefit plants. C.It explains how insects find sources of nectar. D.It presents information that partly contradicts the protectionist view. 10.The word "vulnerable" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.numerous. B.harmful. C.open to attack. D.difficult to locate. 11.According to paragraph 5, what did Bentley’s comparative study show? A.Many more plants grew in places where ants were present than where they were absent. B.The ants preferred plants with low seed production to plants with high seed production. C.The plants occupied by ants produced many more seeds than those that were not occupiedby ants. D.The plants that grew in places without ants were much smaller and weaker than those thatgrew in places where ants were present. 12.According to paragraph 5, ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles ineach of the following ways EXCEPT: A.driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet. B.catching and eating adult beetles. C.eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits. D.making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits. 13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Sometimes they capture theinsects to feed their protein-hungry larvae. Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders of plants. ■【A】 Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. ■【B】 Toreturn this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that mightcompete with ants for nectar. ■【C】 Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eatthe leaves of the plants.■【D】 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points. Many plants have extrafloral nectaries that produce nectar even during periods inwhich the plant is not flowering. A.Evolutionary history shows that plants that produce extrafloral nectar originated in thetropics. B.Extrafloral nectar has a higher concentration of sugar than f l o r a l n e c t a r a n d i s m o r e a t t r a c t i v e t o a n t s a n d o t h e r i n s e c t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 C . T h e p r o t e c t i o n i s t h y p o t h e s i s i s t h a t e x t r a f l o r a l n e x t a r a t t r a c t s a n t s , a n d t h a t t h e a n t s , i n o r d e r t o p r e s e r v e t h i s e n e r g y - r i c h f o o d s o u r c e , a t t a c k i n s e c t s t h a t m i g h t h a r m t h e p l a n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 D . E v i d e n c e a c c u m u l a t e d d u r i n g t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y p r o v e d t h a t a n t s p r o v i d e s i g n i f i c a n t b e n e f i t s f o r p l a n t s w i t h e x t r a f l o r a l n e c t a r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 E . R e s e a r c h h a s s h o w n t h a t A m e r i c a n m o r n i n g g l o r y p l a n t s t h a t a r e p r o t e c t e d b y a n t s p r o d u c e s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o r e s e e d s t h a n m o r n i n g g l o r y p l a n t s t h a t a r e n o t p r o t e c t e d b y a n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 F . A n t s g e n e r a l l y i g n o r e s m a l l i n s e c t s , b u t t h e y w i l l e a t t h e a d u l t s o f l a r g e i n s e c t s p e c i e s a s w e l l a s t h e i r e g g s a n d l a r v a e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > / p >。
2019年5月22日托福独立口语预测及答案(14道题)
2019年5月22日托福独立口语预测及答案(14道题) C类----Book：1-11. Talk about your favorite book when you were a child,explain why you liked to read it in details.When I was a child, my favorite book was definite theHarry Potter.To begin with, this book brings me much imagination. For example, whenever I read the interesting things happened inthe magic school and adventures from Harry and his friends,my imagination will be evoked and a lot of illusions will beappearing in my mind. The feeling is wonderful.What’s more, this book greatly improves my writingskills. I am a Chinese student learning English. This book’s descriptions are vivid; by reading them I learnt how to usemetaphor, parallelism, exaggeration, understatement and so on.Also the book enlarged my vocabulary. All these contribute toa better writing.That’s why I like reading Harry Potter when I was achild.2-16. Some people prefer to buy new books while othersprefer to buy used ones. Which do you prefer? Please useexamples and reason to support your choice.To be honest, I prefer to buy the used books.First of all, buying the used ones can help save money.Now I am a college student, at the beginning of everysemester, I may have to buy some textbooks I will use. If Ibuy the new ones, it may cost me around 100 dollars; however, if I buy the used ones from others, it only cost me around 20 dollars.Second of all, this can help us to protect the environment. Actually the papers from the books are made of the woods. If we always buy new books, that means people will have to cut more trees, and this may result in the soil erosion, the sand storm and so on. If we buy the used one, people will cut fewer trees.2-15.Some people prefer to listen to audio books whereas others prefer to read printed books. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.To be honest, I prefer to listen to audio booksFirstly, audio books are more convenient. For example, when I am in the crowd on my way to school, hardly will Ihave the room to hold a printed book, let alone reading. However, if listening to the audio ones, plugging my earphones, I won’t be disturbed by the crowd or the noises.And also, this can help us to protect the environment. Actually the papers from the books are made of the woods. If we always buy printed books, that means people will have to cut more trees, and this may result in the soil erosion, the sand storm and so on. If we use the audio ones, people willcut fewer trees.D类----features：1-18. Which member in your family shares similar traits and behavior with you and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your explanation.The family member having similar traits with me is absolutely my father. We are very extroverted.For example, both my father and I like to make friends.My father always joins in some clubs, such as the golf club,the skiing club, the wine club and so on, to know some new people. And he always shares with us about the new things and new friends he meets. Also I am fond of making new friends. Now I am the sophomore, I have joined in many communities in my school, such as the basketball team, the roller skatingteam and so on. There I make many friends and we often do sports or watch matches together, which makes me very happy.1-21. Describe a member in your family whose personality is different. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.The family member having different trait from my father and me is absolutely my mother. She is introverted while my father and me are extroverted.For example, both my father and I like to make friends.My father always joins in some clubs, such as the golf club,the wine club and so on, to know some new people. And he always shares with us about the new things. Also I am fond of making new friends. I have joined in many communities in my school. However, my mother likes to stay at home, reading magazines and books, doing chores, playing the piano and so on. She seldom goes out.Although our personalities are a bit different, we getalong very well.1-20. Which of the following occupations do you considerthe most important for the city, a policeman, a publictransportation worker, or a building designer? Please includespecific examples and details in your explanation.I think the police officers are the most important to acity.Firstly, the police officers can ensure the safety of oursociety. Because of their hard work, our general public canbe away from the thieves, criminals or the terrorists. Weseldom have to worry that our treasure will be stolen or ourlives will be threatened.And also, the police officers help us maintain the ordersof our society. For example, but for the traffic policemen’ s directing the traffic, we may not be able to get to wherewe want to go, especially during the peak hours. The trafficwill be a complete mess.So that’s why I think a police officer is the mostimportant to our society.E类---food：1-17. What food do you think the university cafeteriashould add to its menu in order to attract more people?Please include examples to support your explanation.Personally speaking, I recommend the school to add thefruit salad in its cafeteria.First of all, this dish is very delicious. There can be a variety of fruits in the dish, such as the bananas, apples, kiwifruits, grapes and so on. These fruits are sweet or alittle bit sour. When they are mixed together, adding thesalad dressing or the thousand-island sauce, this dish willbe welcomed.Second of all, this dish will well satisfy the needs ofmany students who are losing weight. This dish is composed of fruits and fruits are rich in vitamin and are low in fat.Many dieting students, especially girls, may choose to eat it.So that’s why I recommend the fruit salad.F类----Place and travel：1-13. Some countries now take measures to attract a large amount of foreign tourists. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of attracting a large amount of foreign tourists. Please include details and examples in your explanation.I think the advantage of attracting so many people isthat it is good for the increase of the economy in that country. Tourists will pay for the hotels, tickets of thetourism attraction, buying the souvenirs and so on; all these will increase the revenue of that country and more peoplewill find jobs.However, just like a coin has two sides. The disadvantage is that it may have some adverse effects on the tourism relics. Some tourists may not have good manners, such as carving their names on relics, throwing rubbish, spitting atwill and so on. All these may damage the historic andcultural relics of that country.That’s my ideas, thank you.1-15.Where would you choose to live, close to where your workplace or school, close to your family, or close to public transits and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.I will definitely choose to live near my workplace or school.Firstly, this may help me save time. For example, if Irent a house near my workplace, I may spend around 5 mins getting to my company. Then I will have more time to sleep ordo my work. If I live in a far place, I may spend one or twohours commuting. It’s time wasting.And also, this may help me save money. For example, if I live nearby, I may walk to workplace and spend no money. However, if I live far from my company, I may have to spend much money on the gas or taxi fare. It’s not economical.So that’s why I prefer to li ve near my workplace or school.1-24.The university is organizing a visit to one of the following workplaces—a science lab, a business office, or a TV studio. Which will you choose to visit and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.In terms of these three places, I like the TV studio best.The main reason is that I am interested in and my majoris the TV programming.If having the chance to visit the TV studio, I will getthe more vivid impression of the TV making process, such as how to manipulate the machines, how to use the software toedit the program, how to set the lighting and so on; allthese can make me better understand what I have learnt. Compared with the classroom teaching, this real condition is more attractive. While the other two choices, they are not directly correlated with my hobby and my major.That’s why I like the TV studio visit best.2-4. After graduation, some people like to stay in large cities to work, while some people prefer to return to their hometowns that may not be so prosperous. Which one do you prefer and why?In terms of these two choices, I prefer to stay in largecities to work.Firstly, there are more job chances in large cities.Taking Beijing, the capital of my country, for example, many international companies or famous enterprises set their headquarters there, that means I may find better jobs andhave more chances to be admitted by them when I graduate from my school.And also, the average salary tends to be higher than thatin the small towns. For example, my major is language teaching, if I became a teacher in the future, my initialsalary in Beijing is around 800 dollars; however, if in my hometown, the initial salary is only around 500 dollars.So that’s why I prefer to st ay in large cities to work.2-10.When finding a place to live near the campus, some people prefer to share a house with several others. Othersprefer to rent an apartment alone. Which do you prefer?Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.In terms of these two choices, I prefer to share a housewith several people.Firstly, this may relieve my economic burden. For example,if having a house with others, we may split the rent; the roommates and me may pay the rent together. If living alone,that means I may have to pay all the rent by myself.And also, living with others is more interesting. Causeafter a whole day’s study, we may share many things together, such as the delicious food we eat, the interesting people we meet, the difficulties we have in our daily life; all thesemake my life more enjoyable. However, if living alone, I maynot have the chance to chat with others.2-17.Some people prefer to live in spacious and newplaces far from their workplace and/or school whereas others prefer to live in small and old places near their workplaceand/or school. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.Although it may be a bit small and old, I will definitelychoose to live near my workplace or school.Firstly, this may help me save time. For example, if Irent a house near my workplace, I may spend around 5 mins getting to my company. Then I will have more time to sleep ordo my work. If I live in a far place, I may spend one or two hours commuting.And also, this may help me save money. For example, if I live nearby, I may walk to workplace and spend no money. However, if I live far from my company, I may have to spend much money on the gas or taxi fare.I think the time and money are more important than the large space.2-21.Some people prefer to go traveling for their vacation. Others prefer to stay at home. Which do you prefer? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.In terms of these two choices, I prefer to go travellingfor vacation.Firstly, I have more chances to taste different foods to relax myself. On vacation, if I go travelling, such as flyingto Thailand, I may taste the authentic curry food, such as curry chicken, curry crab and so on. If I just stay at home,I may lose the chance to taste different food.And also, this may broaden my horizons. On vacation, if I fly to America, I may admire the views of Statue of Liberty, the White house and so on. If I fly to France, I may appreciate the wonderful Eiffel Tower, the Louvre. However, if staying at home, my vacation may not be so interesting.That’s my answer, thank you.。
20XX年托福考试阅读模拟试题(四)-托福考
2016年托福考试阅读模拟试题（四）-托福考试整理了“2016年托福考试阅读模拟试题（四）”，更多关于托福考试模拟试题相关内容，请访问托福。
查看汇总：2016年托福考试阅读模拟试题汇总The many part of the earth’s atmosphere are linked with the various parts of the earth’s surface to produce a whole---the climate system. Different parts of the earth’s surface react to the energy of the sun in different ways. For example, ice and snow reflect much of it. Land surfaces absorb solar energy and heat up rapidly. Oceans store the energy without experiencing a significant temperature rise. Thus, the different types of surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere at different rates.We can view climate as existing in three domains: space, time, and human perception. In the domain of space, we can study local, regional, and global climates. In time, we can look at the climate for a year, a decade, a millennium, and so forth. Finally, we depend on our perceptions of the data, so we must include our own human perception into our model. Human perception must be included if our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated intosocietal actions. As a society, we make informed choices about how to use the beneficial effects of climate, such as deciding when and where to plant crops. We also make choices about how to minimize the harmful effects of climate---storms, blizzards, and droughts.1.Why does the author discuss different parts of the earth’s surface in paragraph 1?A.To explain why humans live in some parts but not in othersB.To show that the entire earth is made of the same materialsC.To compare how various surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphereD.To describe changes in the earth’s appearance throughout the year.2.According to the author, why must we include human perception in our study of climate?A.We must interpret data and take actions related to climateB.We must create an interesting model of the climate systemC.We must develop an understanding of our environmentD.We must change our traditional ways of studying climate.(思考)3. Read the sentence below and write an essay which will have a minimum of 100 words.Our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated into societal actions.答案：1.C 2.A解题方法是托福阅读的突破口托福考前个人心得及复习计划托福口语考试中你真的会阐述观点吗。
5月22日托福写作小范围预测(独立篇)
5月22日托福写作小范围预测(独立篇)众人期待的托福写作考试，还有不到一周的时间，就要和大家见面啦。
不知道准备参战的小伙伴儿们，是否做好准备了呢?为了使同学们增加些许拿高分的几率，本文，天道小编将与大家分享22日这一天的托福独立写作小范围预测，各位可要仔细阅读哦!提前预祝考生们能够在新托福写作中拿到理想成绩!本次，天道小编要和大家分享的是2016年5月22日的托福独立写作小范围预测，备战新托福写作的朋友们还在等什么呢?赶紧来瞧瞧吧!更多托福写作资讯，尽在天道教育!“三选一”类1.Your community has a piece of land and is considering introducing a business to this land. Which business would you prefer? 1. A shopping mall2. A performing art center3. A hotel.2.Some people think at the start of a new year, it’s important to set a goal of improving a specific aspect of life. They call it a new-year resolution. Which of the following new-year resolution would you choose? 1. Help others in your community 2. Improve your health by exercising more and eat nutritious food3. Manage your time better3.A high school is thinking about making one of the following classes a required class for high school students, personal finance management or cooking class or auto repair. Which option will you recommend high school students to take at school and why?4.What is the most important action for the government to take for the protection of environmental problems?5.During economic crisis, the government tries to reduce money in certain public service area. Which one do you think the government should spend less money into?6.Which of the following is most important factor to you when you are making decisions on choosing a place for living?教育类1.Do you agree or disagree: It is difficult for teachers to be both popular (students like them) and effective helping students in learning?2.Some people think that giving students time during a class to discuss ideas with each other is a good way to help students learn; others think giving students time for discussion is ineffective or a waste of time. Which idea do you agree, and why?3.Do you agree or disagree: The most important goal of education is to teach people how to educate themselves.4.Do you agree or disagree: The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase teachers’ salaries.5.Do you agree or disagree: Schools should use computers as a tool of education for children aged 4 to 7.6. Do you agree or disagree: Every teacher should be required to take courses every five years名人&成功类1.Athletes or celebrities that are from the entertainment business can change their careers to be politicians.2.For any business to be successful, one must spend a lot of money on advertising.3.People should be open to new ideas and change his or her mind to be successful.政府类1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important for the government to provide money for things that are beautiful and not just for things that are practical.生活娱乐类1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is better to relax by watching a movie or reading a book than by engaging in physical exercise.2.Some people feel more satisfied living in cities than in villages, some people think the other side, what do you think about it?科技类1、People should not spend a lot of time on communicating by technologies, such as through social media or with text messages.人际关系类1、People now are more interested in improving the neighborhood than in the past.好吧，关于托福写作的内容，到这里就全部结束了!在今天的文章中，天道小编主要与正在备战新托福写作的童鞋们，分享了5月22日这天的托福独立写作预测试题，希望能够给大家带来帮助!如需了解其他托福资讯，还请继续关注我们的频道!天道小编将陆续为您更新!天道教育托福课程业内独家，最全的托管提分课程一对一正课：听力课口语课阅读课写作课一对一辅课：听力辅课口语辅课阅读辅课写作辅课全阶段覆盖，总有一个适合你全程托管2+6模式正课2课时+辅课6课时大量的案例显示，很多的学生考试成绩差，不是因为学生自己不聪明，而是基础不够扎实，需要补充语言类的基础课程学习，通过对词汇和语法的学习为专项考试项目的学习铺垫基础针对基础较差的学生，我们推荐学生采用75%的辅课占比，重视基础教学，可以通过适量的基础训练来夯实语言基础，为最终冲刺高分做必要的准备!全程托管4+4模式正课4课时+辅课4课时很多有过考试经验的考生，对知识点的掌握模棱两可，对知识点的认识也是似是而非，考试做题就犯错。
5月22日托福预测
5月22日托福预测口语第一题NO.1哪种工作对社会最重要：小学老师，护士，艺术家。
NO.2In your opinion,what are some important characteristics of a good school?NO.3In your opinion,what are some things a student can do to deal with homesickness.NO.4人生最艰难的是哪段时间?儿时,青年还是成年。
NO.5描述下你想去的restaurant或者cafe需要具有什么qualities.NO.6Do you think it’s a good idea for students to work for a year before entering university?NO.7Describe a person whom you would like to spend time with.Explain why you would like to spend time with this person.NO.8Describe the most important accomplishment of your country in the past 25years.Explain why this accomplishment is important.Please include details and examples in your response.NO.9What is your favorite outdoor place to exercise on a nice day?NO.10说说你写paper,试验阿什么的带来的好处(好像是这个题目,可以说很多事例,因为是第一个题,随意性大)NO.11在医院做volunteer，是喜欢和病人聊天，读书给病人听，照顾病人亲属NO.12Who should be paid more:a nurse,a teacher,or an officer?NO.13描述你觉得最重要的物品(Describe an object that is the most important to you)，并说明如何得到的和为什么重要。
5月22日托福独立写作预测
5月22日托福独立写作预测教育类：1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Younger school children should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.类似相关题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?All university students should be required to take basic sciencecourses even if it is not the field of their study.Universities should require all their students to learn about foreign cultures as well as their own culture.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Parents must have strict rules to help their children to be successful.3. Some people think university professors should spend more time doing research while others think they should spend more time educating students. What one do you prefer?4. Some people believe that teachers should communicate with students in class. Others believe that teachers should communicate with students by sending them emails. Which way do you think is better?类似的科技类题目：People should use new technologies such as social media and text messaging to communicate with each other.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People nowadays spend much more time than they should using text messages and new technologies such as social media tocommunicate with each other.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is better for colleagues or classmates to communicate in person than through emails in order to do a project.5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Parents should let children make mistake and let them learn from their own mistakes.6. Some parents do not agree with the way teachers are teaching their children. Do you think that parents should express their disapproval to the teachers?社会生活1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:In the past, young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today, young people are better able to make decisions on their own.类似相关题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Young people today are less dependent on their parents than in the past.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Nowadays people are more willing to help the people who they don’t know (For example, giving food and clothes to the people who need them) than they were in the past.其他类似题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people today are more likely to invest their time and effort on improving the world than young people in the past.3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The advice from the grandparents is of no use to their grandchildren because the world has changed a lot over the past 50 years.其他类似题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Parents do not understand their children as well as parents did 50 years ago.4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, it is more important for people to have dinner regularly with its family.5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is easier to be an educated person than it was in the past.其他类似题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is easier to be well-educated now than the past.6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People now can better protect the environment than they could in the past.其他类似题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People in the past are more interested in improving theirneighborhood (the area where they live) than now.价值观1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The most important characteristic for a political or business leader is the ability to accept the responsibility for their mistakes.其他类似题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The most important characteristic to a successful politician orleader is good communication skills.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?An effective leader will make others feel like they are a part ofmaking decisions.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?When leading a group and most people talk, best leaders alwaysspend more time listening to others’ideas.If you are selecting a leader for a student organization, honesty is the most important to consider in deciding whom to vote for.A leader should have strong opinions and not change his/heropinions2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Being creative, rather than planning carefully more often results in the best solution of a problem.类似相关题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?A person who plans well and works carefully is more likely tosucceed than a person who takes risks.3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them.4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising today is less honest than it was in the past. For that reason, it is less useful for people to choose what they want to buy.类似相关题目：It is more important to read or watch news presented by different people in different views than by similar views.工作类1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The working knowledge and skills are more important in one's career life than the ability to adapt to new conditions.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Your job has a greater effect on your overall happiness than your social life does.政府类1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important for government to provide money for things that are beautiful not just for things that are practical.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should spend money on the construction of public parks than building a sport field for students投资类1. The school has been funding for students to participate indifferent types of activities, but this year, since the lack of money, the school will fund one activity, which one do you think is the one the school should fund: sports, arts and volunteering (help development of community )2. As the leader of a city, what would you do to ensure the prosperity and success of the city?A. creating job opportunities for the unemployed;B. lowering food price;C. providing affordable housing3. The community you live in is planning on setting up new facilities, which of the following do you think would benefit the community most?A. a shopping mall；B. an art center；C. a hotel类似相关题目：Your community has decided to buy more space to develop itseconomy. Which do you think the space should be built into, ashopping mall, a theater (music center or drama), or a hotel?休闲和媒体类1.Some people like to record their life by sharing pictures and otherinformation on social networking sites. Others keep this information to2.themselves and never share it online. Which do you prefer?2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The opinions of celebrities, such as entertainers and athletes, are more important to the younger people than they are to the older people. 3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Professional athletes or performers shouldn’t be involved in politics. 朋友类1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:When you have been friends with someone for a long time, it is important for you to continue the friendship even if that person does something you do not like.天道在线课堂/更多精彩等你来！。
2016年托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题及答案
2016年托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题及答案Jazz has been called “the art of expression set to music”, and “america’s great contribution to music”. it has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the “swing era” of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. the standard legend about jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in new orleans and moved up the mississippi river to memphis, st. louis, and finally to chicago. it welded together the elements of ragtime, marching band music, and the blues. however, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal african drum beats and european musical structures. buddy bolden, a new orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real jazz musician, around 1891.what made jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of musicon paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. in a jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the jazz musicians to improvise around. actually, many of the early jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn’t even read music at all. generally speaking, these early musicians couldn’t make very much money and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. the second wave of new orleans jazz musicians included such memorable players as joe oliver, kid ory, and jelly roll morton. these men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained grea ter success. this music is known as “hot jazz” due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive.a young cornet player by the name of louis armstrong was discovered by joe oliver in new orleans. he soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. the impact of armstrong and other talented early jazz musicians changed the way we look at music.1. the passage answers which of the following questions?(a) why did ragtime, marching band music, and the blues lose popularity after about 1900?(b) what were the origins of jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music?(c) what has been the greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the twentieth century?(d) which early jazz musicians most influenced the development of blues music?. according to the passage, jazz originated in(a) chicago(b) st. louis(c) along the mississippi river(d) new orleans. th e word “welded” in line is closest in meaning to(a) squeezed(b) bound(c) added(d) stirred. which of the following distinguished jazz as anew form of musical expression?(a) the use of cornets(b) “hot jazz”(c) improvisation(d) new orleans. the word “skeletal” in line 1is closest in meaning to(a) framework(b) musical(c) basic(d) essential bsp;talented early jazz musicians changed the way we look at music.。
托福模拟考试及答案解析(16)
托福模拟考试及答案解析（16）(1~6/共56题)阅读理解Poetic Justice in LiteraturePoetic justice can best be described by the phrase "you reap what you sow" as, essentially, good deeds are rewarded whereas bad deeds are punished. As a literary device, it provides readers with a sense of satisfaction that everything ultimately turns out properly since good emerges triumphant and evil is vanquished. Poetic justice appears throughout history in the literature in cultures around the world. There is a universal trend in which people sympathize with good characters who suffer and wish ill upon bad individuals who cause suffering. By employing poetic justice, an author can give the reading audience exactly what it wants.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle did not entirely agree with its use since he believed tragedy's primary purpose was to evoke emotions of pity and fear in an audience, yet poetic justice was common in Greek poetry and drama. The classic example of it is found in the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. An oracle prophesizes that Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother. Defying the gods and rebelling against his fate, Oedipus flees what he believes to be his homeland and heads for the kingdom of Thebes. During his journey, he quarrels with a stranger on a road and kills the man, and then he weds the king's widow. Unbeknownst to him, the stranger was his father and the woman his mother; they had abandoned him as a baby, and he had been raised in a foreign land. In the Greek mind, Oedipus was rightly punished for attempting to alter his destiny, which only the gods could determine.The plays of William Shakespeare abound with examples of poetic justice as well. Hamlet has one instance in the guise of Hamlet's uncle, Claudius, who murders Hamlet's father, usurps the throne, and then marries Hamlet's mother. By the end of the play, Claudius receives his just reward when Hamlet kills him. In other Shakespearian plays, including King Lear and Macbeth, greed and the desire for power result in tragedy for those whose misdeeds trigger terrible events and subsequently receive their deserved fate by the end of the play.*vanquish: to defeat, often in battle*prophesize: to tell the future第1题The author discusses Oedipus Rex in paragraph 2 in order to ______A.claim that it was disliked by Aristotle because of its usage of poetic justiceB.point out that it is the most famous example of poetic justice from ancient literatureC.tell the story of Oedipus and explain why the Greek people enjoyed it so muchD.describe the events that occur that result in Oedipus receiving poetic justice第2题In paragraph 3, why does the author mention William Shakespeare? ______A.To name him as an author who included many examples of poetic justice in his workB.To compare the manner in which he used poetic justice to the way Sophocles used itC.To describe the events in and , two of the most famous plays he wroteD.To ascribe his continuing popularity to the fact that he made use of poetic justice第3题Vocabulary______=to feel compassion for第4题______=destiny第5题______=to produce第6题______=to take power by force下一题(7~12/共56题)阅读理解The Structure of the Human EyeComprised of more than thirty, major parts, the human eye ranks among the body's most intricately designed and complex organs. However, for simplicity's sake, this complicated body part can be reduced to its major components—the pupil, iris, lens, cornea, retina, and optic nerve—and their main functions. Each part plays a vital role in granting sight to a person.The most familiar parts of the eye are the pupil and the iris because they are easily visible when looking at a person's eyes. The pupil is the central hole that allows light to enter the eye. It typically changes size to permit entry to more or less light by contracting in bright light and expanding in dim light. The iris is the colored area of the eye surrounding the pupil and is the part which controls the contracting and expanding of the pupil thanks to muscles connected to it that enable the iris to open and close.The cornea and lens let the eye focus light in particular ways after it enters the eye. The cornea is located in front of the pupil and iris while the lens lies behind them. The cornea is a curved, transparent structure that bends light toward the pupil. On account of this function, the cornea has no blood vessels that could potentially cloud it, so it receives nutrients from the watery tears that cover the eye whenever a person blinks. As for the lens, it takes the light entering the pupil and focuses it toward the back of the eye in the direction of the retina. The lens has the ability to change shapes to focus on objects at various distances.The retina is formed by sensitive photoreceptor cells called rods and cones, which form the images that a person sees through the pupil. The rods handle black and white images and are used mostly in situations involving dim light while the cones are responsible for images requiring colored light. As images form on the retina, they are instantaneously sent along the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as what a person sees.*component: a piece or pad of something larger*cloud: to make blurry第7题The author discusses the iris in paragraph 2 in order to ______A.claim it is the most visible part of the eyeB.explain the manner in which it works with the pupilpare its functions with those of the pupilD.focus on how it gives color to the eye第8题In paragraph 4, the author uses sensitive photoreceptor cells as an example of ______A.the parts of the eye connected to the optic nerveB.the most important parts of the human eyeC.cells in the eye that can cause blindness when damagedD.the components of the eye that make up the retina第9题Vocabulary______=complexly第10题______=admitting light; clear第11题______=to become smaller第12题______=instantly; at once上一题下一题(13~27/共56题)阅读理解Bird TerritorialityLike most animals, birds possess the desire to control the territory in which they live. Ornithologists refer to this area, where the bird conducts its normal daily activities, as its home range. The size of the home range depends on the species. Large birds of prey, including eagles and hawks, may possess home ranges covering dozens of square kilometers while many seabirds defend only a small space found in the immediate vicinity of their nests. Some birds may be slack in defending their home ranges but may become quite aggressive during the breeding season and when eggs are in their nests. Birds typically defend their home ranges the most aggressively against other birds of the same species but may also react belligerently to transgressions made by other species of birds or other types of animals.Birds normally defend their home ranges for three primary purposes: to protect their food sources, to compete for mates when breeding, and to defend nests full of eggs or chicks against predators. Hummingbirds, for instance, defend prime sources of nectar from other hummingbirds as well as insects that consume it. Male grouses defend the small patches of ground they use for breeding displays to attract females from other males of their species. And penguins aggressively defend the patches of seashore where they lay their eggs when predatory birds approach.When defending territory, few birds actually make physical contact with one another but instead utilize warnings such as the songs of male birds. These songs inform other birds that a male has claimed a specific area of land. If, however, the songs are ineffective, a bird may make a prominent display of aggressive posturing, which may include spreading its wings and puffing up its body. Should this not work, the aggrieved bird may give chase, and actual fighting sometimes occurs. In most cases, fighting happens when birds are defending their nests against predators such as lizards, snakes, and small mammals intent on consuming their eggs or chicks.*ornithologist: a person who studies birds*belligerently: aggressively第13题In paragraph 1, the author uses eagles and hawks as examples of ______A.some of the birds that do not typically possess home rangesB.species of birds that protect their home ranges when other birds approachC.birds which frequently claim territories covering large amounts of landD.two types of birds that become aggressive during the breeding season第14题In paragraph 2, why does the author mention Male grouses? ______A.To explain the reason that they defend their home ranges from other birdsB.To compare the manner in which they protect their territory with that of penguinsC.To state that they do not usually attack other birds of their own speciesD.To describe the breeding displays that they use to attract female grouses第15题Vocabulary______=to be relaxed第16题______=noticeable第17题______=the act of trespassing第18题______=distressed; upset第19题MappingThe following chart shows the structure of the passage. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.图片第20题SummaryThe following is a summary of the passage. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.Birds want to control the 20 in which they live, so they protect their home ranges. Birds such as eagles and hawks have very large home ranges while 21 have very small ones. Birds are usually the most 22 defending their home ranges during the breeding season or when they have eggs in their nests. Birds defend their home ranges mostly to 23 food sources, to compete for 24 and to defend nests full of eggs or chicks. Birds often do not make physical 25 when defending their territory. Instead, they use warnings such as 26 . However, they may 27 aggressively, chase other birds, and even fight if they have to.第21题第22题第23题第24题第25题第26题第27题上一题下一题(28~35/共56题)阅读理解Attila the HunAttila the Hun was the leader of a tribe of Eurasian nomads that invaded the Roman Empire in the mid-fifth century. Around 370 A.D., the Huns appeared from east of the Volga River and settled in the land that is Hungary today. They warred against Rome and other tribes, and they overran parts of the Eastern Roman Empire before invading the Western Roman Empire while under Attila's command. They employed mounted archers to engage in mobile warfare, and theydeveloped reputations for being fierce warriors from whom others fled in terror. Eventually, the Romans themselves branded Attila with the moniker "The Scourge of God."Attila's birthdate is uncertain, but some historians place it around 406. Two of Attila's uncles ruled together as they followed a common practice of the Huns involving joint-rule by brothers. During that period, the Huns had a cordial relationship with the Eastern Romans, who employed the Huns as mercenaries for their wars with the barbaric tribes pushing against the empire's northern borders. In 434, both of Attila's uncles died, so Attila and his older brother Bleda became the co-rulers of the Huns.After the initiation of some troubles with the Eastern Roman empire, the brothers negotiated a peace that brought the Huns a great amount of wealth in the form of tribute and the ransoming of Roman prisoners. But this peace only lasted until 440, when the Huns and the Eastern Roman Empire began battling each other again. ?By 443, the Hun army had marched to the walls of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, but the soldiers could not get past the prominent defenses; however, they had defeated Roman field armies, so, once again, the Romans negotiated a peace requiring them to pay a much larger tribute of gold and higher ransoms for prisoners. ?Satisfied, the Huns returned to their homelands. ?Then, in 445, Bleda died, leaving Attila as the sole ruler.?Attila then set out on his greatest campaign: the invasion of the Western Roman Empire. The impetus for the invasion was a marriage. In 450, Honoria, the sister of Valentinian, the emperor of the Western Roman Empire, had written to Attila and requested his assistance because she wished to avoid an arranged marriage to a Roman senator. Attila interpreted her plea as a marriage proposal, claimed Honoria as his bride and half her brother's empire as her dowry, and invaded the west. The Huns marched through the Germanic lands and invaded Gaul while allying with other tribes along the way.Attila's vast host met the Romans and their Visigoth allies at the Battle of Chalons in 451. The battle ended in a stalemate but effectively terminated the Huns' invasion of Gaul. A year later, a problem with supplies resulted in a failed invasion of northern Italy, which led to a decline in the Huns' fortunes. Thwarted in his attempt to marry Honoria, Attila took a new bride from a Germanic tribe in 453. However, during his wedding night feast, Attila suffered a seizure and died. Some historians speculate that poison was the cause while others attribute his death to heavy drinking. Whatever the case, Attila's heirs fought over who would rule the Huns, which divided them and resulted in the ultimate defeat of the Huns at the hands of a confederation of Germanic tribes.*cordial: friendly*dowry: money or other items of value a bride gives to her husband when they are married第28题Vocabulary______=to name第29题______=a very large group第30题______=a stimulation; a motivation第31题______=a tie第32题Inference QuestionIn paragraph 3, the author implies that the Huns ______A.frequently violated the terms of their agreements with the RomansB.carried out raids against many small towns in the Eastern Roman EmpireC.were occasionally defeated in full-scale battles by Roman troopsD.possessed no weapons able to breach the walls of Constantinople第33题Rhetorical Purpose QuestionIn paragraph 5, why does the author mention the Battle of Chalons? ______A.To claim that the Romans considered it a great triumphB.To state how the Huns managed to lose some alliesC.To explain the effect that it had on the HunsD.To argue that it helped improve the position of the Huns第34题Insert Text QuestionLook at the four squares [●] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.How exactly this happened is unknown, but some have suggested that Attila murdered his own brother.Where would the sentence best fit?第35题Prose Summary QuestionAn introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas of the passage. Some sentences do not belong because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.Attila the Hun successfully led his men in battle first against the Eastern Roman Empire and then against the Western Roman Empire until his death,ANSWER CHOICES①Attila managed to attract many allies as he marched through Gaul and then went on to fight the Romans both in Gaul and Italy.②The Huns had a tradition in which two brothers ruled the tribe together, so Attila began his leadership of the Huns with his brother Bleda.③The sister of the Roman emperor wrote to Attila to beg him for assistance since she was being forced to marry a person she did not want to.④Attila died on his wedding night for some reason that remains unknown to historians up to the present day.⑤While the Huns could not force their way into Constantinople, they received gold and tribute and were able to ransom Roman prisoners.⑥Attila claimed that Honoria, the emperor's sister, proposed to him, so he began his invasion of the Roman Empire in the hope of gaining more territory.上一题下一题(36~43/共56题)阅读理解The First TalkiesMotion pictures were invented late in the nineteenth century, yet it was not until the 1920s that they featured sound. Prior to then, movies were silent but were usually accompanied by printed words or subtitles on the screen to serve as dialogue or descriptions. Many theaters additionally employed a piano player or music record player to provide live music during the showing of a film. Silent film actors were famed for their ability to show expressive emotions rather than to recite dialogue, such as what was done during staged dramatic performances. When the first sound motion pictures—talkies—came out, however, the landscape of the motion picture industry changed forever.Since motion pictures were invented, people desired to include sound along with the moving images. Some early devices utilized sound discs, which were similar to record albums, to produce sounds for short films; however, the difficulty was getting the sounds and images to synchronize. This was a problematic task because both had to be started at precisely the same moment for the sounds and images to match. Due to this problem, the motion picture industry searched for a way to put sounds and images onto a single medium. By 1920, several European inventors had experienced minor success in putting sound waves on celluloid film strips, but the technology was deemed inadequate for large-scale motion pictures.Meanwhile, in the United States, inventor Lee de Forrest strived to perfect recording sound on celluloid, and, by the mid-1920s, he had solved the problem. He started producing short sound films for public exhibition. At the same time, other inventors successfully worked on sound on disc technology, which synchronized sounds on a record disc with the images in a film. The first major motion picture to take advantage of this system was Don Juan, which premiered in August 1926. It used recorded music and sound effects, yet it had no recorded dialogue, so it is usually not considered the first talkie. That honor went to The Jazz Singer, which was released in October 1927. It was the first major motion picture with prerecorded music, effects, and, in some scenes, singing and dialogue. The Jazz Singer used sound on disc technology, but the standard soon became sound on celluloid, or film, due to the better synchronization between sounds and images that it provided.At first, the big Hollywood studios resisted changing from silent movies to talkies. A major issue was that theaters, which were owned by many of the major studios then, were unequipped to project talkies, so converting them would be expensive. There were also difficulties on movie sets as directors and actors struggled with the new sound recording technology. Nevertheless the success of The Jazz Singer and other talkies changed their minds. In July 1928, Lights of New York, the first film with all its dialogue recorded and played for the audience, became a smash hit. Audiences were amazed by the new technology and clamored for more as they wanted to see their favorite stars singing and talking on the silver screen. For the next few years, studios continued to produce both silent movies and talkies. However, by the mid-1930s, most studios were only producing talkies as silent movies practically disappeared.*subtitle: words in a film that are printed at the bottom of a screen*synchronize: to match; to coordinate*smash hit: a huge success; a bestseller第36题Vocabulary______=to repeat something from memory第37题______=to take place for the first time; to open第38题______=to consider; to believe第39题______=to call for第40题Vocabulary QuestionThe word problematic in the passage is closest in meaning to ______A.challengingB.dismayingC.impossibleD.questionable第41题Rhetorical Purpose QuestionThe author discusses Don Juan in paragraph 3 in order to ______A.claim that it should be acknowledged as the first full-length talkiepare the dialogue used in it to the dialogue used in rC.mention that it lacked the dialogue that made other talkies successfulD.point out the technology that it was the first film ever to make use of第42题Negative Factual Information QuestionIn paragraph 4, the author's description of talkies mentions all of the following EXCEPT: ______A.how profitable they were in comparison to the silent films made in the 1920sB.the title of the film that encouraged audiences to demand more talkies be madeC.one of the reasons that there was some initial resistance to producing themD.why some performers had trouble during the filming process of the movies第43题Prose Summary QuestionAn introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas of the passage. Some sentences do not belong because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.Once the technical requirements for making talkies were perfected, studios began to film them, and they became popular with audiences.ANSWER CHOICES①Lee de Forrest and other inventors learned the process of how to put sound on both celluloid and disc.②Many actors in silent films could not make the transition to talkies since filming them requireda completely different type of acting.③Lights of New York was a talkie with all its dialogue recorded, and it was so successful that it convinced studios to create more talkies.④Don Juan and The Jazz Singer were two of the first films that used sound on disc technology, and the latter is considered the first talkie.⑤Many movie theaters hired piano players to play live music for their audiences while they were watching films.⑥Most studios released both talkies and silent movies in the 1930s since they were able to profit from both of them.上一题下一题(44~56/共56题)阅读理解The Unsaturated and Saturated ZonesThe two primary divisions in the upper layers of the Earth are called the unsaturated and saturated zones. These two terms refer to the amount of water that each zone holds in addition to the ability of that water to move. Each zone has special characteristics that make the movement of water possible or not based primarily on the amount of soil and the types of rocks found in the ground. These zones do not have defined limits, their depths may vary considerably, and they are both vital for agriculture and for use as sources of fresh water for animals, plants, and people.The unsaturated zone is found in the upper level of the soil, where water may be confined in small spaces between particles of soil and rocks. Because of the greater amount of soil and rock compared to water, water has a difficult time moving through the unsaturated zone. It is more restrained and compressed than water located in the saturated zone beneath it. More solid rock, such as granite, permits water little movement while more porous rocks and soil, such as sand and clay, allow water greater movement. Nevertheless, despite the solidity of the unsaturated zone, water can still move through it by flowing both upward and downward. Rainwater seeps through it to the saturated zone while plant root systems draw water from this zone, which makes it a crucial component for plant survivability.The saturated zone lies beneath the unsaturated zone, and its upper level is commonly called the water table, in the saturated zone, water flows more freely because there is less solid rock to interfere with it. The depth of the saturated zone depends upon a variety of factors, including what type of rock and soil are underneath it, the amount of rainfall the area gets, the presence of nearby rivers and lakes, and the amount of water that is consumed by humans. Layers of solid bedrock beneath the saturated zone limit its depth while the presence of more porous rocks and soil causes it to be deeper. Heavy rainfall means that more water seeps into it and that water exists in greater concentrations. Rivers and lakes, however, tend to drain water from the saturated zone as some geologists estimate that up to thirty percent of the water in some rivers comes from the saturated zone. Finally, when humans dig wells to take water from the ground, the saturated zone gets depleted of water.The area between the unsaturated and saturated zones is a narrow region that has been termed the capillary fringe zone. In this place, which varies in thickness from a few centimeters to more than half a meter, the water in the saturated zone is drawn up by capillary action into the unsaturated zone. The distance the water moves upward depends upon the types of rocks and soil. If the rocks and soil there have large pores, only a small amount of water will be drawn up a relatively small distance. If the rocks and soil have smaller pores, however, more water will be drawn up, and it will travel a greater distance into the unsaturated zone. The reason is that capillary action works better in objects with smaller pores due to the properties of liquid surface tension, which is required for capillary action.The human usage of water from the saturated zone can have tremendous effects on theenvironment as taking too much water for both agriculture and human consumption can have disastrous results. In some places, the loss of water from the saturated zone causes the subsidence of the unsaturated zone, resulting in large depressions in the surface of the land. In other cases, overconsumption can cause the disruption of agriculture. For example, one of the largest saturated zones in the United States, the Ogallala Aquifer in the Midwest, has 170,000 wells pumping twenty trillion cubic meters of water to the surface annually. The result of this extraction has been an average drop in the depth of the water table of almost four meters in the past few decades, and there have been extreme drops of as much as sixty meters in some regions in Kansas. This has led to a decline in agriculture and an increase in the cost of pumping water up from the saturated zone.第44题The word they in the passage refers to ______A.the amount of soil and the types of rocksB.these zonesC.defined limitsD.their depths第45题According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the unsaturated and saturated zones? ______A.Their positions can sometimes be reversed depending upon how much moisture is in the soil.B.Each of these two regions is capable of holding roughly the same amount of water.C.How deep into the ground they descend is consistent in regions all around the planet.D.Water can be extracted from both of them for usage by various types of organisms.第46题The phrase confined in in the passage is closest in meaning to ______A.moved towardB.sucked fromC.elevated toD.restricted to第47题In paragraph 2, the author uses sand and clay as examples of ______A.soil that lets water move freely through it on account of its physical compositionB.the two soil types that are found in the greatest amounts in the unsaturated zoneC.two kinds of soil that are not as porous as rocks such as granite areD.soil found in the unsaturated zone that hinders water from moving up and down第48题Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Rivers and lakes, however, tend to drain water from the saturated zone as some geologists estimate that up to thirty percent of the water in some rivers comes from the saturated zone. A.Geologists believe that rivers and lakes have up to thirty percent of their water absorbed by the saturated zone.B.The saturated zone is thought to account for almost thirty percent of the water in all the。
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任性!2016年5月22托福考试预测试题5月份的第二场新托福考试马上就要开考，准备参加本次考试的备考生们也纷纷进入了最后的冲刺阶段。
为了给这些孩纸们出一份力，本文天道小编特地准备了即将到来的22日的托福考试预测试题，涉及口语、写作两个方面，仍在进行托福考试备考的小伙伴儿不妨好好参考一下。
托福考试口语、写作，一直是阻挡同学们前进的两座“大山”。
因此，为了帮助考生们能够与新托福考试成功“分手”，在今天的文章中，天道小编带来了5月22日的预测题，希望可以对大家的托福考试备考有所帮助!更多托福资讯，尽在天道教育!感谢您的阅读!独立口语task 11. What personal quality do you admire the most? Creativity, courage or intelligence?2. Talk about a memorable experience you had in a restaurant or cafe. Explain what happened and why it was memorable. Give specific details in your response.3. Which of the following activities would you do with friends rather than alone? A. Taking a walk. B. Watching a movie. C. Travelling.4. A friend of yours wants to change his or he diet habit, what suggestions would you give to this friend?5. Who do you like to spend time together with the most?6. Choose one of the following natural environment and explain why you would like to live there most: mountain, forest, desert, prairie, seashore or somewhere else? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.7. What measure can you suggest to help improve the campus environment?8. Which of the following do you think is the most difficult and challenging for university students? Being far away from families finding time to relax or making new friends.9. good school 应有的 characteristics or components10. 问出去旅游最关心哪点，三选一?low cost, good weather, various activities.11. What is the biggest challenge for university students and why? Please include details and examples in your answers.12. Your university will sponsor one following activities for students, an outdoor camping night, a music festival for students to experience the local culture or a computerfriendship and solidarity among students and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.13. Imagine that you have to give up watching TV for one month. What would be the most difficult thing for you and why? Please include reasons and examples in your explanation14. Describe a special gift you give to a friend and explain why it is important. Please include reasons and details to support your response.15. What is your favorite place outdoors to do exercise on a nice day and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.16. If you had the opportunity to travel to the moon, would you choose to go and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.17. What are the advantages and disadvantages of requiring students to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.18. Which of the following teaching methods do you consider the most effective, a field trip to local places of interest, tutoring sessions that provide individual help or presentations given by local leaders? Please include reasons and examples to support your choice.19. A/D: University students should learn how to manage their time more efficiently.或者. Give reasons why managing time is challenging for university students and why it is important. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.20. Describe an area in your city that you like the most. Explain why you like this area the most.task 21. Some people prefer to listen to music while they are studying or working. Others prefer to stay in a quiet place while they are studying or working. Which way do you prefer?2. A/D: It is important for a school to have experienced teachers.3. A/D: Advertising has too much influence on what people buy.4. A/D: The most important influences that young adults have are from their families.5. 一个新的产品刚上市你就买还是等一段时间再买，为什么?6. A/D: Students should study in a quiet environment.7. If you were to choose a class to study for fun, which one would you choose? An art class or a science class?8. Some people prefer to read imaginative literature like fictions in their spare time，while others prefer to read real literature or nonfictions, such as historical books and biographies. Which kind of books do you prefer, and why?9. Some people play games for enjoyment. Others play games in order to win. Which do you prefer and why?10. Which do you prefer gather information before travel OR do not gather, just experience yourself there.11. A/D: To be successful, a person should study in the university.12. Some students prefer to study in a library. Others prefer to study at home or in dormitories. Which way do you prefer and why? Include reasons and details in your response.13. A/D: Children should start school before the age or 5 or 6? Explain why. Please include details examples in your explanation.14. Some people prefer to spend their free time with a group of friends. Others prefer to spend their free time with just one person at a time. Which do you prefer? Why?15. Some people prefer to live in different places throughout their lives. Others prefer to stay and live in one place. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your response.16. Should your government build a library or a park in your community and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.17. Some people prefer to spend their vacation in the countryside while others prefer large cities. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.18. A/D: Gifts made by people themselves are more meaningful than the gifts bought from store? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.19. Some people go the gym and work out everyday. Others only go when they have free time. Which do you prefer and why?独立写作1. If you are selecting a leader for a student organization, honesty is the most important to consider in deciding whom to vote for.2. A/D: The way a person dresses shows a good indication of his or her personality and character.3. 现在的学生比从前的学生对政治更有兴趣。