八年级第二学期每天一练
教科版八年级物理下册《每日一练》练习题 (含答案) 第五天
2018初二下物理考点积累 第__5__天姓名:____________ 学校:___________ 日期:___________考点精练——压强分析1.(2016自贡11题2分)一块长为L,质量分布均匀的木板A 放在水平桌面上,板A 右端与桌面相齐(如图所示).在板的右端施一水平力F 使A 右端缓慢离开桌面3L ,在板A 移动过程中,下列说法正确的是 ( ) A.A 对桌面的压强不断变小 B.A 对桌面的压力不变C.A 对桌面的压强不变D.A 对桌面的压力不断变小2.(2016漳州18题2分)如图甲所示,将一圆柱体从水中匀速提起直至下表面刚好离开水面,此过程容器底部受到水的压强P 随时间t 变化的图像大致如图乙中的 ( )3.(2016贵港19题2分)如图所示,实心长方体A 和B 放在水平地面上,高度之比h A :h B =2:1,底面积之比S A :S B =2:3,它们对地面的压强相等,则它们的密度之比ρA :ρB =_______;它们对地面的压力之比F A :F B =_________4.(2016舟山22题4分)如图装置可以用来研究液体压强与液速的关系,打开阀门,水流经过该置时,可观察到a 、b 两管口均有水喷出,且__________管口喷出的水柱更高,原因是_______________________5.(2016眉山42题3分)如图所示,三个底面积相同的容器(质量与厚度不计)中分别装有深度和质量均相同的甲、乙、两三种液体,则下列关于液体的密度ρ,液体对容器底部的压力F 、容器对桌面的压强P等关系正确的是()A.ρ甲>ρ乙>ρ丙P甲﹤P乙﹤P丙B.F甲>F乙>F丙P甲=P乙=P丙C.ρ甲﹤ρ乙﹤ρ丙F甲>F乙>F丙D.F甲﹤F乙﹤F丙P甲=P乙=P丙。
八年级下数学春季每日一练
每日一练1如果一个三角形的三边长分别为、k、,则化简﹣|2k﹣5|的结果是()A.﹣k﹣1 B.k+1 C.3k﹣11 D.11﹣3k答案:D每日一练2已知=5,则= .答案为:﹣4或﹣1(1)化简求值:已知x=﹣3﹣+,求代数式÷(﹣x﹣2)的值;(2)解方程组:.答案:(1).(2)方程组的解为:已知关于x的方程x2+ax+b+1=0的解为x1=x2=2,则a+b的值为()A.﹣3 B.﹣1 C.1 D.7答案:B每日一练5定义运算:a@b=a(1﹣b),若a、b是方程x2﹣x+m=0(m<0)的两根,则b@b ﹣a@a的值为()A.0 B.1 C.2 D.与m有关答案:A下面关于x的方程中:①(a2+1)x2+x+2=0;②3(x﹣9)2﹣(x+1)2=1;③x+3=;④x2﹣a=0(a为任意实数);⑤x2﹣3x+8=(x+1)(x﹣1),一元二次方程的个数是()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4答案:C每日一练75.已知多项式x2+2y2﹣4x+4y+10,其中x,y为任意实数,那么当x,y分别取何值时,多项式的值达到最小值,最小值为()A.2 B.C.4 D.10答案:C关于x的方程a(x+m)2+b=0的解是x1=﹣2,x2=1(a,m,b为常数,a≠0),则a(x+m+6)2+b=0的解是.答案为:x=﹣8或x=﹣5每日一练9关于x的方程x2+mx﹣9=0和x2﹣3x+m2+6m=0有公共根,则m的值为.答案为:﹣3,0,﹣4.5关于x的一元二次方程(a﹣6)x2﹣8x+9=0有实根.(1)求a的最大整数值;(2)当a取最大整数值时,①求出该方程的根;②求2x2﹣的值.答案:(1)7 (2)①x 1=4+,x2=4﹣②原式=﹣.已知关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣(2k﹣4)x+k2﹣4k=0(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若△ABC的两边AB,AC的长是这个方程的两个实数根,第三边BC的长为6,当△ABC是等腰三角形时,求k的值.答案:(1)略;(2)k的值为10或6.某专业街有店面房共195间.2010年平均每间店面房的年租金为10万元;由于物价上涨,到2012年平均每间店面房的年租金上涨到了12.1万元.(1)求2010年至2012年平均每间店面房年租金的平均增长率;(2)据预测,当每间的年租金定为12.1万元时,195间店面房可全部租出;若每间的年租金每增加1万元,就要少租出10间.该专业街管委会要为租出的商铺每间每年交各种费用1.1万元,未租出的商铺每间每年交各种费用5000元.问当每间店面房的年租金上涨多少万元时,该专业街的年收益(收益=租金﹣各种费用)为2305万元?答案:(1)10% (2)4已知某二次项系数为1的一元二次方程的两个实数根为p、q,且满足关系式,试求这个一元二次方程.答案:x2﹣3x+2=0每日一练14已知:关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣(2m+1)x+m2+m﹣2=0.(1)求证:不论m取何值,方程总有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的两个实数根x1,x2满足,求m的值.答案:(1)证明略(2)m的值为2完成下列问题:(1)若n(n≠0)是关于x的方程x2+mx﹣2n=0的根,求m+n的值;(2)已知x,y为实数,且y=2+3﹣2.求2x﹣3y的值.答案:(1)m+n=2 (2)2x﹣3y=10+6=16每日一练16如果x1,x2是一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)两根,那么x1+x2=﹣,x1•x2=,这就是著名的韦达定理.已知m,n是方程2x2﹣5x﹣1=0的两根,不解方程计算:(1)+;(2).答案:(1)+===﹣10;(2)===.已知关于x的一元二次方程x2+(2m+2)x+m2﹣4=0有两个不相等的实数根.(1)求m的取值范围;(2)若m为负整数,且该方程的两个根都是整数,求m的值.答案:(1)(2)m=﹣2随着经济收入的不断提高以及汽车业的快速发展,家用汽车已越来越多地进入普通家庭,汽车消费成为新亮点.抽样调查显示,截止2008年底全市汽车拥有量为14.4万辆.已知2006年底全市汽车拥有量为10万辆.(1)求2006年底至2008年底我市汽车拥有量的年平均增长率;(2)为保护城市环境,要求我市到2010年底汽车拥有量不超过15.464万辆,据估计从2008年底起,此后每年报废的汽车数量是上年底汽车拥有量的10%,那么每年新增汽车数量最多不超过多少辆?(假定每年新增汽车数量相同)答案:(1)20% (2)2如果方程x2+px+q=0的两个根是x1,x2,那么x1+x2=﹣p,x1•x2=q,请根据以上结论,解决下列问题:(1)若p=﹣4,q=3,求方程x2+px+q=0的两根.(2)已知实数a、b满足a2﹣15a﹣5=0,b2﹣15b﹣5=0,求+的值;(3)已知关于x的方程x2+mx+n=0,(n≠0),求出一个一元二次方程,使它的两个根分别是已知方程两根的倒数.答案:(1)x1=3,x2=1(2)当a≠b时,a+b=15,a﹣b=﹣5,+====﹣47;当a=b时,原式=2.(3)x2+x+=0如果关于x的一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0有两个实数根,且其中一个根为另一个根的2倍,则称这样的方程为“倍根方程”.(1)若(x﹣2)(mx+n)=0是倍根方程,求证:4m2+5mn+n2=0;(2)若点(p,q)在函数y=2x+2的图象上,说明关于x的方程(q﹣2p)x2+3x+1=0是倍根方程.答案:证明略每日一练21已知关于x的一元二次方程(a+c)x2+2bx+(a﹣c)=0,其中a、b、c分别为△ABC三边的长.(1)如果x=﹣1是方程的根,试判断△ABC的形状,并说明理由;(2)如果方程有两个相等的实数根,试判断△ABC的形状,并说明理由;(3)如果△ABC是等边三角形,试求这个一元二次方程的根.答案:(1)△ABC是等腰三角形(2)△ABC是直角三角形(3)x1=0,x2=﹣1阅读下表:解答下列问题:(1)根据表中规律猜测线段总条数N与线段上点数n(包括线段的两个端点)的关系,用含n的代数式表示N,则N= .(2)2016年“欧洲杯足球赛”,第一轮小组赛共有24支球队分成6组(每组4个队),每组组内分别进行单循环赛(即每个队与本小组的其它队各比赛一场),求第一轮共要进行几场比赛?(3)2016年“中国足球超级联赛”,不分小组,所有球队直接进行双循环赛(即每两个队之间按主客场共要进行两场比赛),共要进行240场比赛,求共有几支球队参加比赛?答案:(1);(2)36;(3)16.在▱ABCD中,∠ACB=25°,现将▱ABCD沿EF折叠,使点C与点A重合,点D落在G处,则∠GFE的度数()A.135°B.120°C.115°D.100°答案:C每日一练24如图是一个由5张纸片拼成的平行四边形,相邻纸片之间互不重叠也无缝隙,其中两只等腰直角三角形纸片的面积都为m,另两张直角三角形纸片的面积都为n,中间一张正方形纸片的面积为1,则这个平行四边形的面积一定可以表示为()A.4m B.4n C.4n+1 D.3m+4答案:A如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,AD=2CD,F是AD的中点,作CE⊥AB,垂足E在线段AB上,连接EF、CF,则下列结论①∠DCF=∠ECF;②EF=CF;③∠DFE=3∠AEF;④S△<2S△CEF.中一定成立的是.(请填序号)BEC答案为②③④每日一练26如图,在▱ABCD中,点E在BC上,AE平分∠BAD,且AB=AE,连接DE并延长与AB 的延长线交于点F,连接CF,若AB=1cm,则△CEF面积是cm2.答案为:已知,在四边形ABCD中,AB=CD,E是BC的中点,G是AD的中点,EG交AC于点F,∠ACD=30°,∠CAB=70°,则∠AFG的度数是.答案为50°每日一练28如图所示,在平行四边形ABCD纸片中,AC⊥AB,AC与BD相交于点O,将△ABC沿对角线AC翻折得到△AB′C,若四边形ABCD的面积为12cm2,则翻折后纸片重叠部分的面积是.答案为:3cm2如图,▱ABCD中,AC⊥AB.AB=6cm,BC=10cm,E是CD上的点,DE=2CE.点P从D点出发,以1cm/s的速度沿DA→AB→BC运动至C点停止.则当△EDP为等腰三角形时,运动时间为s.答案为:或4或4.8或27.2﹣每日一练30如图,在▱ABCD中,对角线AC、BD相交于点O,EF过点O,与AD交于点E,与BC 交于点F,且AD=5,AB=4,OE=1.5,则四边形EFCD的周长为.答案为:12如图,△ABC中E是BC上的一点,EC=2BE,点D是AC的中点,则EF:AF= ;若S△ABC=12,则S△ADF﹣S△BEF= .答案为:,2每日一练31如图,D是△ABC内一点,BD⊥CD,AD=6,BD=4,CD=3,E、F、G、H分别是AB、AC、CD、BD的中点,则四边形EFGH的周长是.答案为:11在面积为12的平行四边形ABCD中,过点A作直线BC的垂线交BC于点E,过点A作直线CD的垂线交CD于点F,若AB=4,BC=6,则CE+CF的值为.答案为:10+或2+每日一练33如图,平行四边形中,∠ABC=75°.AF⊥BC于F,AF交BD于E,若DE=2AB,则∠AED= °.答案为:65°如图,四边形ABCD的对角线AC,BD相交于点F,M、N分别为AB,CD的中点,MN 分别交BD,AC于P,Q,且∠FPQ=∠FQP,若BD=10,则AC= .答案为10每日一练35如图,E、F分别是平行四边形ABCD的边AB、CD上的点,AF与DE相交于点P,BF与CE相交于点Q,若S△APD=15cm2,S△BQC=25cm2,则阴影部分的面积为cm2.答案为:40如图在△ABC中,∠BAC=30°,AB=AC=6,M为AC边上一动点(不与A,C重合),以MA、MB为一组邻边作平行四边形MADB,则平行四边形MADB的对角线MD的最小值是.答案为3每日一练37在平行四边形ABCD中,BC边上的高为8,AB=10,AC=4,则平行四边形ABCD的周长等于.答案为:40或24已知平行四边形ABCD中,AC,BD交于点O,若AB=6,AC=8,则BD的取值范围是.答案为:4<BD<20每日一练39如图所示,六边形ABCDEF中,AB平行且等于ED,AF平行且等于CD,BC平行且等于FE,对角线FD⊥BD.已知FD=24cm,BD=18cm.则六边形ABCDEF的面积是平方厘米.答案为:432如图,在▱ABCD中,AD=2AB,CE平分∠BCD交AD边于点E,且AE=3,则▱ABCD 的周长为.答案为:18每日一练41已知:一组邻边分别为6cm和10cm的平行四边形ABCD,∠DAB和∠ABC的平分线分别交CD所在直线于点E、F,则线段EF的长为cm.答案为:2或14非Rt△ABC中,已知∠A=45°,高BD和CE所在直线交于点H,则∠BHC的度数是.答案为:135°或45°每日一练43如图,在直角坐标系中,点O是坐标原点,四边形OABC是平行四边形,点A的坐标为(14,0),点B的坐标为(18,).(1)求点C的坐标和平行四边形OABC的对称中心的点的坐标;(2)动点P从点O出发,沿OA方向以每秒1个点位的速度向终点A匀速运动,动点Q 从点A出发,沿AB方向以每秒2个单位的速度向终点B匀速运动,一点到达终点时另一点停止运动.设点P运动的时间为t秒,求当t为何值时,△PQC的面积是平行四边形OABC 的一半?(3)当△PQC的面积是平行四边形OABC面积的一半时,在平面直角坐标系中找到一点M,使以M、P、Q、C为顶点的四边形是平行四边形,请直接写出点M的坐标.答案:(1)C(4,4),平行四边形OABC的对称中心(9,2).(2)t=4 (3)M 1(18,0),M2(﹣10,0),M3(18,8).如图,已知四边形ABCD为平行四边形,线段CE垂直对角线AC,连接AE,点F为AE 中点,连接DF并延长至点G,使FG=DF,连按BG.(1)猜想BG与CE的关系,并证明你的猜想;(2)求证:BG⊥AC.答案:(1)结论:BG=CE,BG∥CE.(2)证明略如图所示,一个四边形纸片ABCD,∠B=∠D=90°,把纸片按如图所示折叠,使点B落在AD边上的B′点,AE是折痕.(1)试判断B′E与DC的位置关系,并说明理由;(2)如果∠C=128°,求∠AEB的度数.答案:(1)B′E∥DC (2)∠AEB=64°如图,∠ABM为直角,点C为线段BA的中点,点D是射线BM上的一个动点(不与点B 重合),连接AD,作BE⊥AD,垂足为E,连接CE,过点E作EF⊥CE,交BD于F.(1)求证:BF=FD;(2)点D在运动过程中能否使得四边形ACFE为平行四边形?如不能,请说明理由;如能,求出此时∠A的度数.答案:(1)证明略(2)能,∠A=45°如图,M、N是平行四边形ABCD对角线BD上两点.(1)若BM=MN=DN,求证:四边形AMCN为平行四边形;(2)若M、N为对角线BD上的动点(均可与端点重合),设BD=12cm,点M由点B向点D匀速运动,速度为2(cm/s),同时点N由点D向点B匀速运动,速度为a(cm/s),运动时间为t(s).若要使四边形AMCN为平行四边形,求a的值及t的取值范围.答案:(1)证明略(2)a=2,0≤t<3或3<t≤6如图,将▱ABCD(纸片)沿过对角线交点O的直线EF折叠,点A落在点A1处,点B落在点B1处,设FB1交CD于点G,A1B1分别交CD,DE于点H,I.求证:EI=FG.答案:证明略如图,Rt△ABC中,∠B=90°,AC=10cm,BC=6cm,现有两个动点P、Q分别从点A 和点B同时出发,其中点P以2cm/s的速度,沿AB向终点B移动;点Q以1cm/s的速度沿BC向终点C移动,其中一点到终点,另一点也随之停止.连接PQ.设动点运动时间为x秒.(1)用含x的代数式表示BQ、PB的长度;(2)当x为何值时,△PBQ为等腰三角形;(3)是否存在x的值,使得四边形APQC的面积等于20cm2?若存在,请求出此时x的值;若不存在,请说明理由.答案:(1)BQ=x,PB=8﹣2x (2)x=(3)x=2每日一练50如图,已知△ABC是等边三角形,D、E分别在边BC、AC上,且CD=CE,连接DE并延长至点F,使EF=AE,连接AF、BE和CF.(1)请在图中找出一对全等三角形,用符号“≌”表示,并加以证明;(2)判断四边形ABDF是怎样的四边形,并说明理由;(3)若AB=6,BD=2DC,求四边形ABEF的面积.答案:(1)证明略(2)四边形ABDF是平行四边形.(3)10.每日一练51如图所示,DE为△ABC的中位线,点F在DE上,且∠AFB=90°,若AB=5,BC=8,则EF的长为.答案为:1.5每日一练52在平面直角坐标系XOY中,有A(3,2),B (﹣1,﹣4 ),P是X轴上的一点,Q是Y轴上的一点,若以点A,B,P,Q四个点为顶点的四边形是平行四边形,则Q点的坐标是.答案为:(0,﹣6)或(0,﹣2)或(0,6).53.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点A,B的坐标分别是(﹣3,0),(0,6),动点P从点O出发,沿x轴正方向以每秒1个单位的速度运动,同时动点C从点B出发,沿射线BO 方向以每秒2个单位的速度运动.以CP,CO为邻边构造▱PCOD,在线段OP延长线上取点E,使PE=AO,设点P运动的时间为t秒.(1)当点C运动到线段OB的中点时,求t的值及点E的坐标;(2)当点C在线段OB上时,求证:四边形ADEC为平行四边形;(3)在线段PE上取点F,使PF=2,过点F作MN⊥PE,截取FM=,FN=1,且点M,N分别在第一、四象限,在运动过程中,当点M,N中,有一点落在四边形ADEC的边上时,直接写出所有满足条件的t的值.E的坐标是(,0);答案:(1),(2)略(3),t 2=1.5,,t4=9.每日一练53如图,在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠B=90°,AD=16cm,AB=12cm,BC=21cm,动点P从点B出发,沿射线BC的方向以每秒2cm的速度运动到C点返回,动点Q从点A 出发,在线段AD上以每秒1cm的速度向点D运动,点P,Q分别从点B,A同时出发,当点Q运动到点D时,点P随之停止运动,设运动的时间为t(秒).(1)当t为何值时,四边形PQDC是平行四边形;(2)当t为何值时,以C,D,Q,P为顶点的梯形面积等于60cm2?(3)是否存在点P,使△PQD是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有满足要求的t的值;若不存在,请说明理由.答案:(1)t=5或秒(2)t=9或15秒(3)秒或秒或秒每日一练54如图,△ABC中,AB=4,AC=3,AD、AE分别是其角平分线和中线,过点C作CG⊥AD于F,交AB于G,连接EF,则线段EF的长为()A.B.1 C.D.7答案:A每日一练55在平行四边形ABCD中,点A1,A2,A3,A4和C1,C2,C3,C4分别AB和CD的五等分点,点B1,B2和D1,D2分别是BC和DA的三等分点,已知四边形A4B2C4D2的面积为1,则平行四边形ABCD面积为()A.2 B.C.D.15答案:C每日一练56如图,O是正△ABC内一点,OA=3,OB=4,OC=5,将线段BO以点B为旋转中心逆时针旋转60°得到线段BO′,下列结论:①△BO′A可以由△BOC绕点B逆时针旋转60°得到;②点O与O′的距离为4;③∠AOB=150°;④S 四边形AOBO′=6+3;⑤S△AOC+S =6+.其中正确的结论是()△AOBA.①②③⑤ B.①②③④C.①②③④⑤D.①②③答案:A每日一练57已知在直角坐标系中有A、B、C、D四个点,其中A,B,C三个点的坐标分别为(0,2),(﹣1,0),(2,0),则当点D的坐标为时,以A、B、C、D四个点为顶点的四边形是平行四边形.答案为:(3,2)、(﹣3,2)、(1,﹣2).每日一练58已知,在平面直角坐标系中放置了5个如图所示的正方形(用阴影表示),点B1在y轴上,点C1、E1、E2、C2、E3、E4、C3均在x轴正半轴上.若已知正方形A1B1C1D1的边长为1,∠B1C1O=60°,且B1C1∥B2C2∥B3C3,则点A3的坐标是()A.(,)B.(,)C.(,)D.(,)答案:C每日一练59如图,菱形ABCD中,∠BAD=60°,AC与BD交于点O,E为CD延长线上的一点,且CD=DE,连结BE分别交AC,AD于点F、G,连结OG,则下列结论:①OG=AB;②与△EGD全等的三角形共有5个;③S四边形ODGF>S△ABF;④由点A、B、D、E构成的四边形是菱形.其中正确的是()A.①④ B.①③④C.①②③D.②③④答案:A.每日一练60如图,四边形ABCD是菱形,对角线AC=8,BD=6,E,F分别是AB,AD的中点,连接EO并延长交CD于G点,连接FO并延长交CB于H点,△OEF与△OGH组成的图形称为蝶形,则蝶形的周长为.答案为:16每日一练61已知在平面直角坐标系中,点A、B、C、D的坐标依次为(﹣1,0),(m,n),(﹣1,10),(﹣7,p),且p≤n.若以A、B、C、D四个点为顶点的四边形是菱形,则n的值是.答案为:2,5,18每日一练63已知:如图,平面直角坐标系xOy中,正方形ABCD的边长为4,它的顶点A在x轴的正半轴上运动(点A,D都不与原点重合),顶点B,C都在第一象限,且对角线AC,BD相交于点P,连接OP.设点P到y轴的距离为d,则在点A,D运动的过程中,d的取值范围是.答案为2<d≤2每日一练64如图,将边长为6的正方形ABCD沿其对角线AC剪开,再把△ABC沿着AD方向平移,得到△A′B′C′,当两个三角形重叠部分为菱形时,则AA′为.答案为:12﹣6每日一练65如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,点G,H分别是AB,CD的中点,E,F是对角线AC上的两个动点,分别从A,C处同时出发相向而行,到C,A时停止运动.若两动点的速度均为1cm/s,AB=14cm,BC=18cm,AC=24cm,经t秒后,四边形GFHE为矩形,则此时t的值为.答案为:3或21每日一练66如图,在平面直角坐标系中,矩形OABC的两边分别在x轴和y轴上,OA=10cm,OC=6cm.点F是线段OA上的动点,从点O出发,以1cm/s的速度向点A作匀速运动;点Q在线段AB上,已知A、Q两点间的距离是O、F两点间距离的a倍.若用(a,t)表示经过时间t(a)时,△OCF、△FAQ、△CBQ中有两个三角形全等.请写出(a,t)的所有可能情况.答案为:(1,4),(,5),(0,10)每日一练67如图,菱形ABCD的对角线长分别为a,b,以菱形ABCD各边的中点为顶点作四边形A1B1C1D1,然后再以四边形A1B1C1D1各边的中点为顶点作四边形A2B2C2D2,…,如此下去,可得到四边形A2014B2014C2014D2014,它的面积用含a,b的代数式表示为.答案为:ab每日一练68如图,矩形ABCD的面积为16cm2,它的两条对角线交于点O1,以AB、AO1为邻边作▱ABC1O1,设▱ABC1O1的对角线交于点O2,同样以AB、AO2为邻边作▱ABC2O2,…,依此类推,则▱ABC6O6的面积为cm2.答案为:每日一练69如图,已知反比例函数y=(m为常数)的图象在平面直角坐标系的第一、三象限,且经过▱ABCO的顶点C,点A,B的坐标分别为(﹣2,0),(0,3),若点P是该反比例函数图象上的一点,且OC=OP,则满足条件的位于第三象限内P点坐标为;若该反比例函数图象又经过▱COED对角线的交点F,则▱COED的面积为.答案为:(﹣3,﹣2)或(﹣2,﹣3),18.每日一练70如图,正方形ABCD的边长为1,点E在边AB上,连接ED,过点D作FD⊥DE与BC的延长线相交于点F,连接EF与边CD相交于点G、与对角线BD相交于点H.(1)求证:△AED≌△CFD;(2)若BD=BF,求EF2的长;(3)若∠ADE=2∠BFE,求证:HF=HE+HD.答案:(1)证明略;(2)8﹣4;(3)证明略每日一练71已知,如图,O为正方形对角线的交点,BE平分∠DBC,交DC于点E,延长BC到点F,使CF=CE,连结DF,交BE的延长线于点G,连结OG.(1)求证:△BCE≌△DCF.(2)判断OG与BF有什么关系,证明你的结论.(3)若DF 2=8﹣4,求正方形ABCD的面积?答案:(1)证明略(2)OG∥BF且OG=BF,理由略,(3)2.每日一练72已知,一张矩形纸片ABCD的边长分别为9cm和3cm,把顶点A和C叠合在一起,得折痕EF(如图).(1)猜想四边形AECF是什么四边形,并证明你的猜想;(2)求折痕EF的长.答案:(1)菱形,理由略(2)cm.每日一练73如图,在△ABC中,BD是AC边上的中线,F是BD上的一点,过点C作CE∥AF,交BD的延长线于点E.(1)求证:四边形AFCE是平行四边形.(2)若AB=BC,求证:四边形AFCE是菱形.答案:证明略每日一练74在△ABC中,点D在BC边上,点E是线段AD的中点,过点A作BC的平行线与BE的延长线于点F,连结CF,若AF=DC.(1)求证:BD=DC;(2)当四边形ADCF为正方形时,线段AB与BC有何数量关系?请说明理由.答案:(1)证明略(2)BC=AB,理由略每日一练75如图,在▱ABCD中,CE平分∠BCD,交AD于点E,DF平分∠ADC,交BC于点F,CE与DF交于点P,连接EF,BP.(1)求证:四边形CDEF是菱形;(2)若AB=2,BC=3,∠A=120°,求BP的值.答案:(1)证明略(2).每日一练76如图,在菱形ABCD中,G是BD上一点,连接CG并延长交BA的延长线于点F,交AD。
八年级英语下册一课一练2024题目
八年级英语下册一课一练2024题目全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1Unit 1 Exercises: A Journey through TimeWow, what a rollercoaster ride Unit 1 has been! I never imagined that a few simple exercises could take me on such an exciting journey through different eras and cultures. But that's the beauty of learning English, isn't it? It's not just about memorizing words and grammar rules; it's a gateway to exploring the world and its rich tapestry of stories.Exercise 1: Blast from the PastThe first exercise was like stumbling upon a time machine. We had to read a passage about ancient civilizations and their remarkable achievements. I was transported to the banks of the Nile, where the towering pyramids stood as a testament to the ingenuity of the Egyptian people. The hieroglyphs on the walls whispered tales of pharaohs and their grand legacies.But that was just the beginning! We also ventured into the depths of the Amazon rainforest, where the Inca Empire thrived,building cities and intricate road systems that continue to baffle modern engineers. And who could forget the awe-inspiring Moai statues of Easter Island, their stone faces forever frozen in time, guarding the secrets of a bygone era?Exercise 2: A Linguistic OdysseyIf the first exercise was a time machine, the second one was a linguistic passport. We delved into the fascinating world of idioms and expressions from different cultures. I couldn't help but giggle as I learned the quirky phrase "to have a frog in one's throat," which means to have a sore throat. Imagine my surprise when I discovered that in Russia, they say "to have a cat stuck in the throat" instead!But it wasn't just about laughing at silly sayings. These exercises opened my eyes to the richness of language and how different cultures see the world through their unique lenses. It's like each idiom is a tiny window into the customs, beliefs, and experiences of a people.Exercise 3: The Grammar GauntletAh, the dreaded grammar exercises! But even these seemingly mundane tasks turned out to be far more exciting than I had anticipated. We tackled the intricate world of verbtenses, learning how to weave stories of past, present, and future with precision.I'll never forget the "zombie apocalypse" exercise, where we had to narrate a hypothetical scenario using various tenses. Suddenly, the classroom transformed into a post-apocalyptic world, and we became survivors fighting off hordes of the undead with our grammatical skills. Who knew that mastering the past perfect continuous could be so thrilling?Exercise 4: A Literary OdysseyBut the highlight of Unit 1 was undoubtedly the literary analysis exercise. We delved into the rich tapestry of classic literature, exploring timeless tales that have shaped our understanding of the human experience.From the whimsical adventures of Alice in Wonderland to the haunting symbolism of Lord of the Flies, each book was like a portal into a different realm. We analyzed themes, dissected metaphors, and debated the deeper meanings behind the words on the page.I still remember the heated discussion we had about the symbolism of the conch shell in Lord of the Flies. Was it a representation of order and civilization, or a mere illusion ofpower? The classroom was alive with divergent perspectives, each one adding a new layer of depth to our understanding of the novel.Exercise 5: The Creative CanvasBut Unit 1 wasn't just about analyzing the works of others; it also gave us the chance to unleash our own creative prowess. The final exercise challenged us to write our own short stories, drawing inspiration from the literary techniques and cultural insights we had learned throughout the unit.Some of my classmates crafted tales of time travel and ancient civilizations, while others explored the complexities of human relationships through the lens of idioms and cultural expressions. As for me, I couldn't resist the temptation to write a sci-fi adventure about a group of intrepid grammar warriors battling against the forces of linguistic chaos.Conclusion: A Passport to Endless PossibilitiesAs I reflect on the exercises from Unit 1, I can't help but feel a sense of awe and gratitude. What started as a series of seemingly simple tasks turned out to be a gateway to a world of wonder and discovery.Learning English is not just about mastering a language; it's about embarking on a journey that spans centuries, cultures, and realms of imagination. It's about developing a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us, one idiom, one literary masterpiece, and one grammatical construction at a time.And as I turn the page to Unit 2, I can't wait to see what new adventures and revelations await. Because with English as my passport, the possibilities are truly endless.篇2English Class is Awesome!Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm in 8th grade. I just love English class this year. Our textbook is full of really fun activities and exercises that make learning the language super engaging. Let me tell you all about the cool stuff we've been doing in Unit 1!First up, we had this exercise called "Watch and Discuss." Basically, we got to watch a short video about American teenagers and their after-school activities. It was really interesting to see how kids my age spend their free time in the U.S. After the video, we broke into small groups to discuss whatwe had seen. I loved getting to share my thoughts and hear my classmates' perspectives too.The next activity was hilarious - it was called "Role Play." We had to act out these little everyday scenarios, like ordering food at a restaurant or asking for directions. My friend Jake and I did the restaurant one. He pretended to be the server and I was the hungry customer. I stumbled over my lines a bit at first, but then I really got into character and started throwing in lots of funny comments and gestures. Jake and I had the whole class laughing! It was a blast and definitely helped me practice useful conversation skills.Then there was an exercise titled "Read and Write." We read this super interesting article about teenage entrepreneurs who had started their own small businesses. The stories were so inspiring! After reading, we had to write a small paragraph summarizing the key points and sharing our own thoughts. I wrote about how motivated and hardworking those young people were, and how I hope to have that kind of drive and ambition someday too.My favorite part was probably the "Project" at the end of the unit. We had to work in teams to create a short video providing tips and advice for students who might want to start their ownbusiness. My group decided to make a fun animated video, and we each did different tasks like writing the script, creating the characters and backgrounds, recording the voiceovers, and editing everything together. It took a lot of teamwork and creativity, but the final product turned out awesome! I'm really proud of what we accomplished.On top of all those fun activities, we've also been learning lots of new vocabulary words, grammar rules, and pronunciation skills throughout the unit. But the exercises make it all seem like an exciting game rather than just boring drills and repetition. I really feel like my English is improving so much.I can't wait to see what engaging exercises await us in the next unit! No matter what though, I already know it's going to be an awesome experience. English class rocks!篇3My Epic Battle with Unit 1 PracticeUgh, English homework is the worst! I wish I could just chill and play video games all night instead of cracking open this massive textbook. But Mom says I've got to keep up with my studies if I want to get into a good high school. I guess she'sright, even though English is pretty much my least favorite subject.I flip open the book to Unit 1 and the practice section stares back at me mockingly. Vocabulary, reading comprehension, grammar drills...it's like a super boring gauntlet that I have to run every night. I let out a big sigh and resignedly pick up my pencil. Time to get this thing started.The vocabulary section is up first. I've got to match the words to their definitions and then use them in sentences. The words this unit are all related to technology which is kind of cool I guess. Words like "algorithm", "encryption", and "biometric". I'm a pretty tech-savvy kid, always t篇4My Summer Vacation AdventuresHey there! I'm so excited to share with you all the crazy adventures I had over this summer vacation. I know, I know, summer just ended and we're back to the grind of school again. But let me tell you, this was a summer I'll never forget!It all started when my parents surprised me and my little brother with plane tickets to visit our cousins in California. I wasbouncing off the walls with excitement! We hadn't seen them in ages. The plane ride itself was already an adventure. My brother and I competed to see who could find the strangest-shaped cloud out the window. He won when he spotted one that looked exactly like a giant ice cream sundae!Once we landed in sunny California, the real fun began. Our cousins took us to all the best spots - the beach, Disneyland, Universal Studios. I'll never forget the look on my brother's face when he saw Mickey Mouse walking around. His jaw just dropped to the floor! I tried to act all cool in front of my cousins, but I was totally starstruck too when I met Spider-Man.Some of the highlights were going on all the crazy rollercoasters at the theme parks. My favorite was the Incredible Hulk coaster - it was intense! The loops, the drops, the superhero theme...I was grinning from ear to ear the whole time. Even my parents braved a few of the coasters with us, though my mom definitely screamed the loudest.The beach days were amazing too. We'd wake up early to watch the sunrise over the ocean. The colors were just breathtaking. Then we'd spend the whole day riding the waves, burying each other in the sand, and munching on fresh fruit from the boardwalk vendors. One day, we even saw a couple ofdolphins swimming really close to shore! It was a moment I'll never forget.Back at our cousins' house, we had awesome sleepovers every night. We'd stay up late playing videogames, watching movies, and sharing snacks and secrets. My cousin taught me some new dances that were super popular back home. I tried teaching her the dances that were cool at my school, but I have a feeling I looked like a total dork!Before we knew it, our two-week vacation was coming to an end. I didn't want to leave! On our last day, we all went to the Santa Monica Pier and rode the famous ferris wheel. When we got to the very top, I could see the whole city stretching out in front of me. I felt so small, but also so grateful to have had such an epically fun summer.That ferris wheel ride will always symbolize the summer of 2023 for me. A summer of new experiences, amazing sights, wonderful family time, and making memories that will stay with me forever. Even though I groaned about going back to school, I knew I'd be going back recharged and with a million stories to tell my friends.So there you have it - the super awesome adventures of my summer vacation! I challenged myself to step out of my comfortzone, to explore new places, and to cherish every moment with my loved ones. I can't wait to make more amazing memories next summer. But for now, it's time to hit the books again. Eighth grade, here I come!篇5My Unforgettable Summer VacationSummer vacation finally arrived after what felt like the longest school year ever! I had been counting down the days until I could sleep in late, play video games all day, and not have to worry about homework or tests. Freedom at last!The first week was absolute bliss. I stayed up until 3am most nights playing my favorite online games with friends. We'd joke around on our headsets and try to beat each other's high scores until our eyes couldn't stay open any longer. In the mornings, I'd sleep until noon before dragging myself out of bed for a massive brunch.My mom kept nagging me about getting some fresh air and exercise, but I happily ignored her. I was on vacation! That meant no chores, no nagging parents, and no responsibilities whatsoever. It was my time to indulge in all the lazy habits I had been deprived of during the school year.After about 10 days of this lifestyle though, the novelty started to wear off. I grew tired of the same games and TV shows. Even my favorite junk foods didn't taste as good after eating them for every single meal. A part of me actually started to miss the structure and social interaction that school provided. Who would have thought?That's when my mom decided it was time for an intervention. She burst into my room one morning and threw open the curtains, letting the bright sunlight pour in."That's it, young man! You've been a vegetated slug for too long. We're going on a family adventure whether you like it or not!"I groaned and tried to pull my blanket over my head, but she wasn't having it. She snatched my game controllers away and tossed some hiking clothes at me, ordering me to get dressed. An hour later, we were driving up a mountain trail towards the trailhead for a day hike she had meticulously planned out."Fresh air, exercise, quality family time - this is exactly what you need!" she declared as we set off down the path.I'll admit, I dragged my feet at first (literally and figuratively). But after the first couple of miles, I started to perk up. The lushgreen forest, fragrant wildflowers, and panoramic views were actually quite breathtaking compared to the dingy basement I had been cooped up in. For once, I didn't mind leaving my digital world behind.My dad kept pointing out different birds and wildlife to us, sharing fascinating nature facts he had learned. My little sister was delightfully free from technology's grasp as well, chasing butterflies and turning over rocks in search of creepy crawlies. Even I had to admit there was a simple joy in these pequeñas cosas de la naturaleza, as my Abuela would say.When we stopped for a scenic picnic lunch, I realized how hungry I actually was - hungry for real, nutritious food, that is. My mom's lovingly prepared sandwiches and snacks had never tasted so delicious. I felt gratitude wash over me for my family and for this wonderful world I had been neglecting.On the hike back, I even struck up conversation with my parents, asking them about their own childhood adventures and listening to their stories with real interest. My mom beamed at me, relieved to have her curious, engaged son back.From that day forward, my summer vacation struck a much better balance. There was still plenty of time for video games and lounging, but also making memories with loved ones. We wentcamping, had backyard barbecues, and took day trips exploring our home state.As the new school year rolls around, I'm actually feeling a little sad that summer is over. But I'm also excited to see my friends again and get back into a comfortable routine. This year, I've resolved to not take either my education or my leisure time for granted. There's a whole world out there, waiting to be better appreciated by this kid who has finally emerged from his digital slumber. Bring it on, 8th grade!篇6My School Life in the 8th GradeHey there! My name is Emma and I'm an 8th grader at Oakwood Middle School. I'm really excited to tell you all about my life as a student in the 8th grade this year. It's been quite an adventure so far!To start with, my classes this year are pretty intense compared to previous years. We have so many more subjects and the workload is much heavier. My favorite class is probably English Literature because I love analyzing the deeper meanings in books and poems. Our teacher, Mrs. Robertson, has such a passion for the subject that it rubs off on me. I'm currentlyreading "To Kill a Mockingbird" which is an amazing classic novel about racial injustice. I find the themes really thought-provoking.Math class, on the other hand, is my biggest struggle. I just can't seem to wrap my head around algebra no matter how hard I try! My math teacher, Mr. Patel, is really nice though and always stays back to help me with any doubts after class. I'm hoping all this hard work pays off when we have our finals at the end of the year.Apart from academics, the social side of 8th grade is also pretty exciting if I'm being honest. There are a lot of dances and parties happening which everyone looks forward to. My group of friends and I go all out with picking out our outfits and doing each other's makeup and hair. We have so much fun getting ready together before the events! Although, I have to admit the dances themselves are a little awkward with everyone standing around feeling self-conscious.Speaking of friends, I'm so grateful for my amazing squad - Rachel, Zara, and Sophie. We've been best friends since kindergarten and I don't know what I'd do without them. We share everything with each other, from the latest gossip to relationship advice. We love having sleepovers and watchingmovies together on weekends. Even something as simple as sitting together at lunch makes my day better.At the same time, friendship circles can get pretty dramatic in 8th grade. There always seems to be some petty feud or conflict brewing between different groups. I try my best to stay out of the drama but it's hard when rumors get spread around school so quickly, thanks to social media. I've learned that it's best to just be kind to everyone and not get involved in the negativity.Another big part of 8th grade life is extra-curricular activities. I'm part of the school band where I play the flute and we have concerts a few times a year which I really enjoy. It's so satisfying when we nail a performance after months of practice. I'm also on the softball team which keeps me really active through the spring season. Our team didn't do that well this year in terms of our win-loss record, but we had so much fun and made lots of amazing memories together.As I look ahead to high school next year, I have a mix of emotions - excitement, apprehension, and sadness about leaving my middle school life behind. I'll miss the familiarity and security of being in the same school for so many years. But I'm also ready for more independence and the new experiences that highschool will bring. Part of me can't wait to reinvent myself and discover new interests and passions.Overall, life as an 8th grader is full of ups and downs, challenges and triumphs. It's a roller coaster of emotions and changes。
人教版八年级地理第二学期同步练习试题第八章西北地区第二节干旱的宝地——塔里木盆地1(含答案)
人教版八年级地理第二学期同步练习题第八章西北地区第二节干旱的宝地——塔里木盆地〖基础练习〗1.导致塔里木盆地极端干旱的主导因素是()A.纬度高B.距海远C.高山环抱D.沙漠广布2.“西气东输”工程的西气主要来源于A.塔里木盆地B.青藏高原C.云贵高原D.四川盆地3.在新疆,绿洲主要分布的地方是()A.盆地的中心附近B.高山山腰附近C.山前平原和山腰附近D.盆地边缘的山前平原和部分沿河地区4.坎儿井是新疆最古老的地下取水方式之一,之所以在地下取水是为了A.利于灌溉B.避免蒸发C.利用地势自流D.节约成本5.读“我国四大盆地甲、乙、丙、丁分布示意图”,乙盆地中主要的矿产资源是()A.铁矿B.石油、天然气C.铜矿D.铅锌矿6.读塔里木盆地简图,图示塔里木盆地位于()A.新疆维吾尔自治区B.内蒙古自治区C.甘肃省D.青海省7.随着兰州到乌鲁木齐高速铁路的开通,西安到乌鲁木齐已经全程高速.兰新高铁是世界上一次性建设里程最长、我国首条在高海拔地区修建的高速铁路,全长1776千米.据此完成问题:关于兰新高铁说法正确的是A.途经我国人口稠密地区B.途经甘肃的行政中心西宁C.途经四川盆地D.推进了我国的西部大开发战略8.关于塔里木盆地的叙述,错误的是()A.这里有我国面积最大的沙漠B.这里油气资源丰富C.主要城镇分布在沙漠中央公路两旁D.这里是干旱的宝地9.塔里木河的汛期出现在夏季是因为()A.夏季地下水补给丰富B.流域内夏季降水丰富C.夏季气温高,冰雪融水量多D.夏季湖泊水补给丰富10.天气越干旱,塔里木河流域的人们越盼望出太阳,其原因是()A.气温越高,冰雪融水越多B.气温越高,瓜果越甜C.天气越干旱,太阳能越丰富D.天气干旱,河流断流,吸引游人观光〖能力提升〗塔里木盆地边缘的绿洲地区人口集中,农牧业发达,交通便捷.读图,完成问题.11.关于塔里木盆地的叙述,正确的是()①盆地内有我国最大的内流河塔里木河②盆地内部沙漠广布,有我国面积最大的沙漠③自然资源丰富,油气资源储量大④气候温暖湿润,降水丰富A.①③④B.①②③C.②③④D.①②④12.图中城市、交通线分布在盆地边缘,主要是盆地边缘()A.有适宜气温B.有丰富降水C.有充足热量D.有冰雪融水晾房主要分布在我国吐鲁番,专门用于晾制葡萄干。
初二物理下练习题每日一练
初二物理下练习题每日一练第一题:小明在室外骑自行车,速度为10 m/s,突然用刹车使自行车停下来,停下来的时间为2秒。
求小明的加速度是多少?解析:加速度(a)可以用以下公式计算:加速度 = (末速度 - 初始速度) / 时间由题意可知,小明初始速度为10 m/s,末速度为0 m/s,停下来的时间为2秒。
代入公式可得:加速度 = (0 - 10) / 2= -10 / 2= -5 m/s²所以小明的加速度为-5 m/s²。
第二题:小红将一颗重物从高处自由落下,下落2秒后,落地的速度为20 m/s。
求物体下落的加速度是多少?解析:加速度(a)可以用以下公式计算:速度 = 加速度 ×时间由题意可知,物体下落2秒后的速度为20 m/s。
代入公式可得:20 = 加速度 × 2解得加速度为:加速度 = 20 / 2= 10 m/s²所以物体下落的加速度为10 m/s²。
第三题:小明用一个20牛的力将一块20千克的物体推了5米的距离,求小明所做的功是多少?解析:功(W)可以用以下公式计算:功 = 力 ×距离其中,力的单位是牛顿(N),距离的单位是米(m)。
由题意可知,小明所用的力为20牛,推的距离为5米。
代入公式可得:功 = 20 × 5= 100 焦耳(J)所以小明所做的功为100焦耳。
第四题:小红将一颗15千克的物体用10牛的力拉到高处,拉的高度为3米。
求小红所做的功是多少?解析:功(W)可以用以下公式计算:功 = 力 ×位移× cosθ其中,力的单位是牛顿(N),位移的单位是米(m),θ是力和位移之间的夹角(当力和位移方向一致时,夹角为0°,cos0°=1)。
由题意可知,小红所用的力为10牛,拉的高度为3米。
代入公式可得:功 = 10 × 3 × cos0°= 30 焦耳(J)所以小红所做的功为30焦耳。
2020部编八年级下册语文(全册)同步练习课时练(含答案)
第一单元1社戏1.下列加点字注音、字形全都正确的一项是( C )A.归省.(xǐnɡ) 家誊.(juàn) 桕.树(jiù)B.潺潺..(chán) 凫.水(fú) 棹.船(dào)C.行.辈(hánɡ) 叉.港(chà) 旺相.(xiànɡ)D.不惮.(dàn) 撺.掇(cuān) 船蓬.(pénɡ)2.下列句子中没有语病的一项是( D )A.保护并了解“社戏”这种传统艺术,是每个中国人义不容辞的责任。
B.我们是否能弘扬传统文化,关键在于各部门的重视。
C.两个自闭症孩子的妈妈写了一本孩子成长历程的书,给有同样情况的妈妈提供参考。
D.在实现中华民族伟大复兴的征途上,每一个人都要心怀梦想、奋勇拼搏。
3.下列句中加点词语使用正确的一项是( D )A.国家和平昌盛,人民幸福和谐,既需要各级政府部门各行其是....,同时又要通力合作,才能实现这一中国梦。
B.(2019乐山)这些草花长势泼辣,花期到,就像疯了一样,络绎不绝....地开出朵朵色彩斑斓的花,把乡土气息浓郁的篱笆装扮得美不胜收。
C.一个美好的生命就因为这么一点小小的打击而消逝,让人叹为..观止..。
D.(2019孝感)清明是中国人特有的情感寄托,也是民族文明的一种传承方式。
为清明文化注入当代价值,是不容置疑....的选择。
4.(2019重庆B)依次填入下面语段横线处的句子,排序正确的一项是( A )哲学,一门深奥晦涩的学科;儿童,一个直接简单的群体。
这两者似乎风马牛不相及。
也因此,不少思想家认为:儿童天生就是哲学家。
①不少大人都对哲学退避三舍,小孩子就更没办法学②而对世界充满好奇心、爱提问的儿童无时无刻不表现出一种“爱智慧”的天性③因此,不少人初听到“儿童哲学”这个名词时,都觉得不可思议④从这个意义上来说,和大多数对世界司空见惯、冷漠麻木的成人相比,儿童离哲学要近得多⑤实际上,哲学的本义是“爱智慧”,就是对智慧的热爱与追求A.③①⑤②④B. ⑤②③①④C.⑤④②①③D.③①②⑤④阅读选文,完成5~9题。
八年级下册每日一练
八年级下册数学每日一练(1)
1.已知x1,x2是关于x的一元二次方程x2-6x+k=0的两个实数根,且x12x22-x1-x2=115.(1)求k的值;
22
(2)求x
八年级下册数学每日一练(2)
4.关于的方程x2+2(k+1)x+k2=0两实根之和为m,且满足m=-2(k+1),关于y的不等式
组
4
y
y m
>-⎫
⎧
⎨⎬
<
⎩⎭有实数解,则k的取值范围是
5.已知m,n是关于x的方程(k+1)x2-x+1=0的两个实数根,且满足k+1=(m+1)(n+1),则实数k的值是
6.关于x的二次方程mx2-2(m-1)x-4=0(m≠0)的两根一个比1大,另一个比1小,则m 的取值范围是
八年级下册数学每日一练(3)
8.已知:x2+a2x+b=0的两个实数根为x1、x2;y1、y2是方程y2+5ay+7=0的两个实数根,且x1-y1=x2-y2=2.求a、b的值.
9.已知实数a、b满足a2+ab+b2=1,且t=ab-a2-b2,求t的取值范围.
八年级下册数学每日一练(4) 10
.如图,已知:在四边形ABCD 中,AD=DC=1,∠DCB=∠DAB=90°,BD=2,则四边形ABCD 面积为
八年级下册数学每日一练(5)
2。
八年级第二学期语文练习册电子版
八年级第二学期语文练习册电子版1、1豪放派和婉约派是宋代词坛上的两大流派。
豪放派代表词人有李清照、柳永等,婉约派的代表词人有苏轼、辛弃疾等。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错2、14. 下列文学常识表述有误的一项是()[单选题] *A.《桃花源记》选自《陶渊明集》。
陶渊明,又名潜,字元亮,号五柳先生,是我国文学史上第一位田园诗人。
B.“唐宋八大家”,即唐代的韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、王安石和宋代的苏轼、苏洵、苏辙、曾巩。
(正确答案)C.“记”是古代的一种文体,可以记叙描写,也可以抒情议论,并通过记事、记物、记人、写景来抒发作者的感情或见解。
D.《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集,收录了从西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的诗歌305篇,又称《诗三百》。
3、1《卖白菜》作者莫言,当代作家,原名管谟业,是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国籍作家,代表作有《红高粱》《蛙》《生死疲劳》等。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)4、下列语句不是出自《红楼梦》的一项是( ) [单选题] *A.字字看来皆是血,十年辛苦不寻常。
B.女儿是水作的骨肉,男人是泥作的骨肉,我见了女儿,我便清爽:见了男子,便觉浊臭逼人。
C.话说天下大势,分久必合,合久必分。
(正确答案)D.世人都晓神仙好,惟有功名忘不了!5、1《劝学》的作者是荀子,名况,字卿,是我国春秋时期著名的思想家、教育家,先秦儒家最后的代表,朴素唯物主义思想的集大成者。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错6、1小说情节一般由开端、发展、高潮、结局四个部分组成。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)7、1鲁迅,原名周树人,字豫才,浙江绍兴人,我国著名文学家、思想家、民主战士。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)8、1“都门帐饮无绪,留恋处,兰舟催发”的下一句是“执手相看泪眼,竟无语凝噎。
”[判断题] *对(正确答案)错9、修辞手法选择:有的石头错落成桥。
[单选题] *夸张拟人未用修辞比喻(正确答案)10、1《琵琶行》和《茅屋为秋风所破歌》的作者分别为李白和杜甫,两人均为盛唐诗人。
八年级下学期物理每日一练
1.用质量相同的铅、铜、铁、铝制成同体积的四个球,下列说法中正确的是()A.四球都是实心的B.四球都是空心的C.铝球一定是实心的;D.铁球一定是空心的2.用天平称出g 酒精的体积为1000mL;用量筒量出mL酒精的质量是100g。
3、同学们在实验室里测某种小矿石的密度,选用天平、量筒、小矿石、细线、烧杯和水,进行了如下的实验操作:A.将小矿石用细线系好后慢慢地放入量筒中并记下总的体积.B.把游码放在标尺的零刻度线处,调节横梁上的螺母,使横梁平衡.C.把天平放在水平桌面上.D.将小矿石放在左盘中,在右盘中增减砝码并移动游码直至横梁平衡.E.在量筒中倒入适量的水并记下水的体积.⑴正确的实验操作顺序是_____(只填字母序号).图9⑵在调节天平时,发现指针位置如图9甲所示,此时应将平衡螺母向___调(选填“左”或“右”).⑶用调节好的天平称小矿石的质量.天平平衡时,放在右盘中的砝码和游码的位置如图9乙所示;量筒量出小矿石的体积如图9丙所示,由此可知,小矿石的密度ρ=___kg/m3.4.为了测定一石块的密度,某同学用天平测得装满水的烧杯总质量为210g,把小石块放入装满水的烧杯中,溢出水的质量为20g,剩余水、烧杯、石块总质量为240g,求石块的密度?1.在用天平测量质量时,如果所用砝码磨损,则测量值与真实值相比 ;如果砝码上沾有油污,则测量值与真实值相比 ;如果所用砝码生锈,则测量值与真实值相比 ;如果调节天平没有将游码放到左端“0”点,则测量值与真实值相比 。
平时所说的“油比水轻”是指油的 比水小。
(前四个空选填“偏大”、“偏小”或“不变”)2.某同学用烧杯、水和天平测一块小石块的密度,当他把烧杯装满水称得总质量为200g ;将烧杯从天平上取下,轻轻放入小石块,待溢出一部分水后称得总质量为215g ;再将小石块取出,称得剩余的水和烧杯的总质量为190g ,那么小石块的密度为多少?(6分)3、在“测量液体密度”的实验中:(1)、使用托盘天平时,应将天平放在水平桌面上,游码移至称量标尺左端的“0”刻度线上,若发现指针静止在分度标尺中央的左侧,则应将平衡螺母向________调节,使天平平衡; (2)、用调节好的天平测量液体的质量。
2024年【每周一测】第七周语文八年级下册基础练习题(含答案)
2024年【每周一测】第七周语文八年级下册基础练习题(含答案)试题部分一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一项是()A. 摇曳(yè)蓦然(mò)稠密(chóu)B. 惬意(qiè)惩罚(chéng)拘泥(nì)C. 胭脂(yān)氛围(fēn)咄咄逼人(duō)D. 愠怒(yùn)愕然(è)水泵(bèng)2. 下列句子中,成语使用正确的一项是()A. 春天的公园里,百花齐放,姹紫嫣红,真是美不胜收。
B. 面对突如其来的灾难,他表现得非常从容不迫。
C. 老师耐心地给我们讲解难题,同学们都洗耳恭听。
D. 他这个人一贯勤奋好学,成绩一直名列前茅。
3. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是()A. 通过这次活动,使同学们增进了彼此的了解。
B. 为了提高同学们的语文素养,老师要求我们每天坚持阅读。
C. 在比赛中,他第一个冲过了终点。
4. 下列诗句中,作者表达了对朋友依依不舍之情的是()A. 劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。
B. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
C. 莫愁前路无知己,天下谁人不识君。
D. 故人西辞黄鹤楼,烟花三月下扬州。
5. 下列文学常识,表述正确的一项是()A. 《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集,收录了从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌。
B. 《论语》是儒家经典著作,由孔子及其弟子编撰而成。
C. 《背影》是朱自清的散文,表达了作者对父亲深沉的思念之情。
D. 《水浒传》是我国四大名著之一,讲述了宋江等108位好汉在梁山泊聚义的故事。
6. 下列句子中,标点符号使用正确的一项是()A. “你今天怎么迟到了?”老师问。
B. “这道题怎么做?”他疑惑地看着我。
C. “今天的天气真好呀!”妈妈高兴地说。
7. 下列词语中,没有错别字的一项是()A. 呕心沥血气息奄奄B. 诡计多端阴谋诡计C. 喜出望外喜笑颜开D. 焕然一新辟邪祛病8. 下列句子中,修辞手法使用不恰当的一项是()A. 春天来了,万物复苏,大地呈现出一片生机勃勃的景象。
初二下册物理每天练习题
初二下册物理每天练习题1. 根据题目所给条件,选择正确的答案:a) 物体在匀速直线运动中,速度的方向与位移的方向相同则速度与位移间的关系为:1. 成正比2. 成反比3. 无关b) 在匀速直线运动中,位移间隔一定时间的变化量与这个时间间隔的关系为:1. 成正比2. 成反比3. 无关c) 一个物体在重力作用下从上方自由落下,它的速度越来越大,这个运动是:1. 匀速直线运动2. 抛体运动3. 自由落体运动d) 以下哪个图形表示一段加速运动的速度-时间图像:1. 水平直线2. 匀变速直线3. 抛物线2. 根据题目所给条件,计算下列问题:a) 一辆汽车以每小时60公里的速度行驶,行驶2小时后,汽车的位移是多少?b) 一个物体以20 m/s的初速度做匀加速运动,经过5秒钟,物体的位移是多少?c) 一个物体以5 m/s的速度水平抛掷,经过2秒钟下落,物体的垂直位移是多少?d) 一辆汽车以每秒10米的速度行驶,经过4秒后,汽车的位移是多少?3. 根据题目所给条件,解答问题:a) 图中表示的是物体做匀加速直线运动的速度-时间图像。
计算物体经过8秒钟的位移。
b) 图中表示的是物体做匀速直线运动的速度-时间图像。
计算物体在5秒钟内的位移。
c) 图中表示的是一段自由落体运动。
计算物体从下落到抛出点的时间。
d) 图中表示的是物体做匀减速直线运动的速度-时间图像。
计算物体从起点到终点所需的时间。
4. 根据题目所给条件,解答问题:a) 某物体以5 m/s的速度作直线运动,经过10秒钟后速度变为20m/s。
求物体的加速度。
b) 一物体以初速度2 m/s做匀加速运动,10秒钟后速度为15 m/s。
求物体的加速度。
c) 一物体以初速度5 m/s作匀减速运动,6秒钟后速度变为2 m/s。
求物体的减速度。
d) 某物体以初速度15 m/s进行匀加速运动,5秒钟后速度变为35m/s。
求物体的加速度。
5. 根据题目所给条件,判断以下陈述的真假:a) 一个物体做匀速运动时,其速度保持不变。
浙教版八年级下数学每日小练
任务完成度:☆☆☆☆☆1.下列变形中,属于因式分解的是 ________.A.(a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2 B.x2-y2+4y-4=(x+y)(x-y)+4(y-1)C.a3-b3=(a-b)(a+ab+b) D.a2-10a+10=a(a-10)+102.计算(-2)11+(-2)10的结果是 ________.A.(-2)21 B.210 C.-210 D.-23.a2x+ay-a3xy在分解因式时,应提取的公因式是 ________.A.a2 B.a C.ax D.ay4.多项式-5xy+5x分解因式的结果是________.A.-5x(y+1) B.-5x(y-1) C.5x(y+1) D.5x(y-1)5. 49x3y z3+14x2y2z2-21xy2z2在分解因式时应提取的公因式是 ________.A.7x3y z3 B.7x2y2z2 C.7xy2z2 D.7xy z26.用提取公因式法分解因式正确的是( ).A.12abc-9a2b2=3abc(4-3ab) B.3x2y-3xy+6y=3y(x2-x+2y)C.-a2+ab-ac=-a(a-b+c) D.x2y+5xy-y=y(x2+5x)7.单项式-12x12y3与8x10y6的公因式是________.二、把下列各式分解因式:1.2a-4b; 2.ax2+ax-4a; 3.3ab2-3a2b; 4.2x3+2x2-6x;5.7x2+7x+14; 6.-12a2b+24ab2; 7.xy-x2y2-x3y3; 8.27x3+9x2y.三、简算下题:把下列各式分解因式:1.a(x-y)-b(y-x)+c(x-y); 2.x2y-3xy2+y3;3.2(x-y)2+3(y-x); 4.5(m-n)2+2(n-m)3.任务完成度:☆☆☆☆☆1.下列分解因式结果正确的是_________.A .6(x -2)+x (2-x )=(x -2)(6+x )B .x 3+2x 2+x =x (x 2+2x )C .a (a -b )2+ab (a -b )=a (a -b )D .3x n +1+6x n =3x n (x +2) 2.分解因式b 2(x -2)+b (2-x )正确的结果是_________.A .(x -2)(b 2+b )B .b (x -2)(b +1)C .(x -2)(b 2-b )D .b (x -2)(b -1) 3.如果b -a =-6,ab =7,那么a 2b -ab 2的值是_________. A .42 B .-42 C .13 D .-13 4.-xy 2(x +y )3+x (x +y )2的公因式是________.5.5(m -n )4-(n -m )5可以写成________与________的乘积.6.请分解因式(1)x (x -y )-y (y -x ) (2)(x +y )(x -y )-(x +y )2 (3)8a (x -y )2-4b (y -x )(4)(x +y )2+mx +my (5)a (x -a )(x +y )2-b (x -a )2(x +y )三、把下列各式分解因式:(1)49x 2-121y 2; (2)-25a 2+16b 2; (3)144a 2b 2-0.81c 2; (4)-36x 2+6449y 2;(5)(a -b )2-1; (6)9x 2-(2y +z )2; (7)(2m -n )2-(m -2n )2;(8)49(2a -3b )2-9(a +b )2. (9.) 3x 2-27 (10)m 2(x-y)+n 2(y-x)2.把下列各式分解因式:(1)x 2+14x+49; (2)(m+m)2-6(m+n)+9(3)3ax 2+6axy+3ay 2; (4)-x 2-4y 2+4xy任务完成度:☆☆☆☆☆【例1】已知254245222+-----=x x x x y ,则=+22y x ___________________。
(假期一日一练)八年级物理下册 7.1力测试 (新版)新人教版
《力》同步练习◆选择题1.关于力概念,下列说法中错误的是()A.力是物体对物体的作用,离开物体力就不存在B.一个物体是受力物体,同时也是施力物体C.马拉车匀速向前,同时车用同样的力向后拉马D.从空中下降的雨滴不受力的作用2.链球是田径运动中投掷项目之一,链球运动使用的投掷器械,球体用铁或铜制成,上面安有链子和把手.运动员两手握着链球的把手,人和球同时旋转,最后加力使球脱手而出.运动员和球同时旋转时,手感到受到一个很大的拉力作用,这个力的施力物体是()A.运动员的手B.链球的把手C.链球的链子D.地球3.下列所述情景中手作为受力物体的是()A.手拍桌子,手感到疼B.手将石块举高C.用手将排球打出去 D.手将铁丝弄弯◆填空题4.人推车前进时,人推车的力:施力物体是,受力物体是.5.力是对的作用.力的单位是,用符号表示.6.如图所示的物理教材中的插图,坐在船中的人用力向前推动另一艘船时,发现自己坐的船向后退,说明力可以改变物体的,还可说明物体间.7.如图所示,打网球时,击球瞬间网球迅速被压扁并反弹出去,这说明力既可以改变物体的运动状态,又可以改变物体的;在球被压扁的同时球拍的拉线也弯曲了,使拉线弯曲的施力物体是.8.小华用如图示实验来研究力的作用效果与哪些因素有关,所用的物块重力一样,比较甲图和乙图可知:力的作用效果与力的有关;比较和图可知力的作用效果与力的大小有关.9.如图所示,F1=F3=F4>F2,拉同一根锯条,使其发生图中A、B、C、D四种形变.(1)能说明力的作用效果跟力的大小有关的图是和.(2)能说明力的作用效果跟力的方向有关的图是和.(3)能说明力的作用效果跟力的作用点有关的图是和.答案与解析◆实验探究题◆选择题1. 解:A、力是物体对物体的作用,离开物体就没有力.故A不符合题意.B、一个受力物体同时也一定是施力物体,因为物体间力的作用是相互的.故B不符合题意.C、马向前拉车,同时车用同样大小的力向后拉马,因为物体间力的作用是相互的.故C不符合题意.D、从空中降落的雨滴,是由于受到地球的吸引力.故D符合题意.故选D.2. 解:用手通过一根链子转动链球时,与手接触的是链球的把手.手对链球的把手有一个向里的拉力,由于物体间力的作用是相互的,同时链球的把手也会对手有一个向外的拉力.所以手受到一个向外的力的作用,这个力的施力物体是链球的把手.故选B.3. 解:A、手拍桌子,手感到疼,说明手受到了力的作用,该情景中手是受力物态;B、手将石块举高,石块是受力物体,手是施力物体;C、手将排球打出去,手是施力物体,排球是受力物体;D、手将铁丝弄弯,手是施力物体,铁丝是受力物体;故选A.◆填空题4. 解:人推车前进时,人对车有推力的作用,使车前进.所以人推车时,施力物体是人,受力物体是车.故答案为:人;车.5. 解:在物理学中,将一个物体对另一个物体的推、拉、提、压等作用叫做力的作用;在国际单位制中,力的基本单位是牛顿,检查牛,符号是N.故答案为:物体;物体;牛顿;N.6.解:(1)把另一只小船推开时,船由静止变为运动;说明了力可以改变物体的运动状态;(2)把另一只小船推开,同时自己坐的小船向相反的方向运动,说明物体间力的作用是相互的.故答案为:运动状态;力的作用是相互的.7. 解:(1)击球瞬间网球迅速被压扁并反弹出去,这说明力既可以改变物体的运动状态,又可以改变物体的形状;(2)在球被压扁的同时球拍的拉线也弯曲了,物体间力的作用是相互的,故使拉线弯曲的施力物体是球;故答案为:形状;球.8. 解:(1)甲、乙在力的方向和大小相同时,力越大,力的作用效果越大,说明力的作用效果与作用点有关;(2)甲、丙在力的方向和作用点相同时,力的大小不同,力的作用效果不同,说明力的作用效果与力的大小有关.故答案为:作用点;甲;丙.9. 解:(1)比较A、B两图,力的方向和力的作用点相同而力的大小不同,力的作用效果不同说明力的作用效果与力的大小有关;(2)比较A、C两图,力的大小和作用点相同而力的方向不同,力的作用效果不同说明力的作用效果与力的方向有关;(3)比较A、D两图,力的大小和方向都相同而力的作用点不同,力的作用效果不同说明力的作用效果与力的作用点有关.故答案为(1)A;B;(2)A;C;(3)A;D.。
濯港中学八年级下数学训练题(每日一题11)
濯港中学八年级下数学训练题(每日一题11)【分段函数导学】1、在某一变化过程中,随着自变量在不同范围内的取值,函数值有不同的变化规律,这类函数称为分段函数。
2、解分段函数时,针对自变量在不同的范围内取值时有不同的函数解析式,因此在运用分段函数解析式时要考虑自变量的取值范围,选用对应的函数解析式,如果不能确定自变量的取值范围,那么应根据分段函数自变量的取值范围进行分类讨论。
1、(1)某书定价25元,如果一次购买20本以上,超过20本的部分打八折,设付款金额为y(元),购书数量为x(本)。
①写出y与x的函数关系式;②画出该函数图象;③当购买15本书时,应付款多少元?购买40本书呢?(2)为使我市冬季“天更蓝,房更暖”,政府决定实施“煤改气”供暖改造工程,现甲、乙两工程队分别同时开挖两条600米长的管道,所挖管道长度y(米)与挖掘时间x(天)之间的关系如图所示。
①分别写出甲、乙两队所挖掘的管道长度y(米)与挖掘时间x(天)之间的函数关系式;②开挖多少天时,两队所挖的管道长度相同?③甲队比乙队提前几天完成任务?(3)为保护环境,充分利用水资源,某市规定:每户每月定额用水,不超过10立方米时,每立方米a元;超过10立方米时,超过的部分每立方米另加收b元的高额排污费,每户每月所交水费y(元)与每月用水量x(立方米)的关系如图所示。
①求a,b的值;②写出y与x的函数关系式。
2、(1)一名考生步行前往考场,5分钟走了总路程的61,估计步行不能准时到达,于是他改乘出租车赶往考场,他的行程S 与时间t (分钟)关系如图所示(假定总路程为1,出租车匀速),则他到达考场所花的时间比一直步行提前了多少分钟?(2)设甲、乙两车在同一直线公路上匀速行驶,开始甲车在乙车的前面,当乙车追上甲车后,两车停下来,把乙车的货物转给甲车,然后甲车继续前行,乙车向原地返回。
设x 秒后两车的距离为y 米,y 关于x 的函数关系如图所示。
①根据图象回答问题:开始时甲车在乙车前面 米处。
2020-2021学年物理人教版八年级下学期暑假天天练(1)含答案
2021年物理八年级(下)暑假天天练(第一天 )7.1《力》1、力是物体对物体的_________。
符号为_________。
2、力的单位:国际单位制中力的单位是_________简称牛,用_________表示。
力的感性认识:拿两个鸡蛋所用的力大约1_________。
3、力产生的条件:①必须有_________________的物体。
②物体间必须有_________(可以不接触)。
4、物体间力的作用是_________的(相互作用力在任何情况下都是_________相等,_________相反,作用在_________物体上)。
两物体相互作用时,施力物体同时也是_________物体,反之,受力物体同时也是_________物体。
5、力可以改变物体的_________;力可以改变物体的_________。
6、力的三要素:力的_________、_________、和_________。
7、力的表示法:力的示意图:用一根带箭头的线段把力的________、_______、____表示出来,如果没有大小,可不表示,在同一个图中,力越大,线段应越长8、关于力的概念,下列说法中错误的是()A.力是物体对物体的作用,离开物体就没有力B.一个受力物体,同时也一定是施力物体C.发生力的作用,物体必须相互接触D.马拉车前进,同时车也用力拉马9、用绳子系住水桶,手握住绳子从井中提水,手受到竖直向下的拉力,此拉力的施力物体是()A.地球 B.水桶 C.绳子 D.手10、关于力的作用效果,下列说法错误的是()A.可以改变物体的形状或体积B.可以改变物体的质量C.可以改变物体运动的快慢D.可以改变物体的运动方向11、“脚踢足球”,脚疼,受力物体是()A.人B.脚C.足球D.手12、下列现象中,物体运动状态没有改变的是()A.关闭发动机后向前运动的汽车B.篮球撞击在篮板上被弹回C.发动汽车使它从静止变成运动D.重物被吊车沿直线向上匀速吊起13、我们常用“鸡蛋碰石头”来形容对立双方的势力悬殊非常大,鸡蛋(弱者)很容易被碰得“头破血流”,而石头(强者)却完好无损。
2020-2021学年物理人教版八年级下学期暑假天天练(23)
2021年物理八年级(下)暑假天天练(第二十三天)12.1《杠杆》1、杠杆平衡是指杠杆处于状态或状态。
2、杠杆可以分为三类:一是杠杆:这类杠杆的比长,它能省,却费。
这类杠杆有。
二是杠杆:这类杠杆的比短,它能省,却费。
这类杠杆有。
三是杠杆:这类杠杆的和相等,它不能省,也不费。
这类杠杆的主要代表是。
3、杠杆是一根,在力的作用下能够绕着转动,这根就是杠杆4、杠杆的五要素:(1)支点:;用符号表示;(2)动力:杠杆转动的力;用符号表示;(3)阻力:;用符号表示;(4)动力臂:从到的距离;用符号表示;(5)阻力臂:从到的距离;用符号表示。
5、探究“杠杆的平衡条件”实验中:(1)实验前出现图甲所示情况,应将杠杆两端的螺母向调(填“左”或“右”),使杠杆在水平位置平衡,这样做的目的是。
(2)实验过程中出现了图乙所示的情况,为了使杠杆在水平位置平衡,这时应将左边的钩码向(填“左”或“右”)移动格(3)实验中,要改变力和力臂的数值,得到多组实验数据,这样做的目的是。
6、如图所示的实验装置中:(1)实验前没有挂钩码时,发现杠杆左边下倾,这时可以将杠杆右端的螺母向边旋一些,使杠杆水平平衡。
(2)实验时只有8个相同的钩码,杠杆上的点是等间距的,当在A点挂4个钩码时,则怎样挂钩码可以使杠杆水平平衡?请设计出两种方案。
①;②。
7、关于杠杆,下列说法中正确的是()A.杠杆只有静止在水平位置才是处于平衡状态B.杠杆平衡时,作用在杠杆上的两个力一定在支点的两侧C.杠杆一定有支点D.杠杆的支点一定在杠杆的正中间8、图中,F的力臂表示正确的是()9、下列属于费力杠杆的是()A.天平 B.镊子 C.扳手 D.道钉撬10.下图所示的生活用具中,使用时属于省力杠杆的是( )11、下列关于杠杆的说法中,正确的是()A.杠杆可以是直的,也可以是弯的B.杠杆的动力和阻力不可能在支点的同一侧C.费力杠杆对人们的生活没有什么好处D.杠杆的长度等于动力臂和阻力臂之和12、两个小孩坐在跷跷板上,恰好保持水平平衡,则有()A.两个小孩的体重一定相等B.两个小孩到跷跷板支点的距离一定相等C.两个小孩的重力和这两个小孩各自到支点的距离的乘积一定相等D.两个小孩到跷跷板支点的距离一定不相等13、园艺师使用图所示的剪刀修剪树枝时,为了更省力,应尽量()A.让树枝远离刀轴O,手握在刀柄的中间B.让树枝远离刀轴O,手握在刀柄的末端C.让树枝靠近刀轴O,手握在刀柄的末端D.让树枝靠近刀轴O,手握在刀柄的中间14、观察图所示的指甲刀的结构图,其中分析正确的是()A.图中有一个杠杆,且是省力杠杆B.图中有两个杠杆,一个省力杠杆,一个费力杠杆C.图中有三个杠杆,一个省力杠杆,两个费力杠杆D.图中有三个杠杆,一个费力杠杆,两个省力杠杆15、如图所示,杠杆AOB的A端挂重为G A的物体,B端挂重为G B的物体,杠杆平衡时AO处于水平位置,若AO=BO,杠杆自重不计,则G A和G B的大小关系是( )A.G A>G BB.G A=G B C.G A<G B D.无法比较16、如图,轻质杠杆AB可以绕O点转动,在A点用细线悬挂一重物,在B点施加一竖直向下的动力,使杠杆在水平位置保持平衡。