词汇与写作第九讲---助动词与情态动词
助动词和情态动词的用法总结
4) 祝愿：May you be happy!
情态动词--明晰每一个情态动词的具体功能
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2. might 1) 可否, 含义比may委婉。
A. 用于问句：Might I use your phone?
B. 用于陈述句：You might call at the chemist on the way home.
Cars must not park in front of the entrance. We mustn’t be
late.
情态动词--明晰每一个情态动词的具体功能
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3) 推断。
A. 现在可能: He must know the answer.
B. 过去可能: We must have read the same report.
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4) 轻微批评、抱怨。
A. 针对现在：You might tell me if you’re going to be late.\
B. 针对过去：You might at least have phoned me if you’re not
coming.
3. must
1) 必须、一定。
A. 指现在或将来：
2) 否定式和疑问式：
You don’t have to get up early. Do you have to leave so soon?
3) 可用于各种时态: We’ll have to help him as much as we can.
4) 可用于各种语态: A lot of letters had to be answered.
You must give up smoking. I must remember to post the
情态动词和助动词的用法详解及练习
助动词的用法总结及讲解一．助动词：情态助动词，基础助动词助动词的定义：助动词和情态动词都是英语中特殊动词，即：不能再句子中独立充当句子成分。
而是与实义动词一起使用构成复合用语。
常配合主要动词，协助构成否定句，疑问句，强调句，时态，语态等语法形式。
基础助动词有：be, do情态助动词基本用法总结：二．助动词的功能助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态，例如：What are you reading?（你正在阅读什么？）I am reading a magazine.（我正在阅读杂志。
）He is singing. 他在唱歌。
We are working hard in the garden.（构成现在进行时）b. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Do you live in Shanghai?c. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
助动词练习一． +句子剩余部分。
1.2.She is a lovely girl. ________________________________________3.We are classmates. ______________________________________4.I am a doctor. ________________________________________5.There is a bird in the tree. ________________________________6.They are good friends. ____________________________________7.I love my parents. _______________________________________9. We have a pleasant home. _______________________________10.They go to church on Sunday. _____________________________11.You are a singer. ______________________________二. 用do does be 填空1． _____ she know all the answers ?Yes , she ____ . No, she _____.2． _____ the twins often fight ?Yes ,_____ do. No, _____ don’t.3． _____ your dad like listening to music?Yes ,____ does . No, _____ doesn’t.4． _____ you have a new teacher?Yes , I ______. No, I ______.5． _____ she a teacher?Yes, she _____ . No, she _____.6． _____ your father smoking in the living room?Yes, ____ is .No, he _____.情态助动词练习二．选择1.（）－Dad, may I watch TV?－No, you can’t. You _______ finish your homework first.A. mustB. canC. may2.( ) —Must I be home before eight o'clock, Mum?— No, you_____. But you have to come back before ten o'clock.A. needn'tB. can'tC. mustn't3.( ) —_________ I borrow your history book?—Sure. Here you are.A. MustB. MayC. NeedD. Will4.（） you like some bread ?A . Would B. Could C . Can5.（）We throw the waste in the zoo.A. can’tB. don'tC. mustn’t6. ( ) We should more flowers, and we shoul dn’t cut any flowers.A. plantB. plantingC. plants7. ( ) May I have some water?A. Yes,you have.B. Yes,you can.C. Yes,certainly.8. ( ) Shall we work on the farm ?A. Yes, we do.B. Yes, we shall. B. All right.9. ( ) Would you have something to announce?A. Yes, we would.B. Yes, I’d like .C.Yes, of course.10. ( ) Can I help you?A.Yes, you can.B.No, I can do it.C.Yes. I’d like some oranges. 三．填空1. Must I stand up? No, you ________.2. ________ I speak something? Yes, you ________.3. ________ I leave the park now? No, you _________ stay here.4. My grandmother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.5. ________ you like some juice?6. They ________ take more exercise.7. ________ you tell me the way to the museum?8. The watch ________ tell us the right time.9. ________ you like to go boating with us?10. ________ we play chess next weekend?四．按要求改写句子。
助动词和情态动词
助动词和情态动词1.助动词和情态动词的定义：在英语中，助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态，语态，构成疑问及否定形式或加强语气。
情态动词与助动词不同，情态动词有意义，但它也和助动词一样，不能单独的作谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后必须跟动词原形。
His brother does not like playing basketball .2.助动词和情态动词的种类1)助动词的种类①be(am ,is,are,was,were,been,being )助动词be与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态；若它与过去分词结合，可以构成被动语态。
You are a reading . She was beaten by the boy .②have（has,had,having )助动词have 与过去分词结合，可以可以构成完成时态。
I have finished my college life. I had finished the middle school .③shall (should) ,will (would)助动词shall 和will 与动词结合，可以构成将来时。
we will be very happy to see you .④do (does,did)助动词do 与其他动词结合，可以构成否定句和疑问句。
I do not like this book . Does you buy this pen?3.情态动词的种类英语的的情态动词主要有can,could,may,might,must,have to ,will , would ,shall, should, ought to , had better ,need ,dare 等，用来表示请求，义务，劝告，推测，建议，征求对方意见或许可等。
Can ,may ,must 是三个重要的情态动词，它们的基本句型如下：肯定句：主语+can,may, must+动词原形+.....否定句：主语+can,may, must+not+动词原形+.....疑问句：Can , May , must+主语+动词原形+.....?Can 表示可能性，能力，许可等。
情态动词和助动词——中考专题讲解
助动词和情态动词1、助动词和情态动词的定义：助动词一般没有词义，主要构成谓语，表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。
情态动词，有词义，但它也和助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后必须跟动词原形。
判断正误：（）She cans swim well. （）She can swims well.（）She can swim well. （）She swims well.(1)助动词的种类①be（am，is，are，was，were，been，being）助动词be与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态，与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态。
Eg. I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。
The book was written by me.这本书是我写的。
②have（has，had，having）助动词have与过去分词结合，构成完成时态。
Eg. I have finished my homework.我已经写完作业了。
She has finished her homework.她已经写完作业了。
We had finished our homework.我们已经写完作业了。
③shall（should），will（would）助动词shall和will与动词结合，构成将来时。
Eg. I will visit Beijing tomorrow.我明天将到北京参观。
We shall be very happy to see you.我们见到你会很高兴的。
④do（does，did）助动词do与其他动词结合构成否定句和疑问句。
Eg. I don’t like dogs.我不喜欢狗。
Does she clean the room? 她打扫房间吗？Did you know it? 你不知道吗？（2）情态动词的种类2、can（could），may（might），must（need，have to）基本句型：肯定句：主语+can，may，must+动词原形+……否定句：主语+can，may，must +not+动词原形+……疑问句：Can，May，Must+主语+动词原形+……？（1）can，may，must的肯定句①can的肯定句A．表示能力，许可，可能性。
助动词和情态动词备用
注意:could还可不表示时态,只表示 1) 提出委婉的请求,回答中不可用could。 --- Could I have the television on? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
2) 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn’t be a bad man.
4) needn’t have done sth. 本没必要做某事 e.g. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn’t have done so. The weather was hot. 5) would like to have done sth. 本打算做 某事 e.g. I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
3) 情态动词+动词完成时, 表示对过去情
况的推测。
e.g. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
4) 情态动词+动词的完成进行时, 表
示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
e.g. Your mother must have been
looking for you.
D. needn’t
4. —I’m sorry. I _____ at you the other B
3) ought to have done sth./should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并 没有做; 否定句表示“不该做某事 而做了”。 e.g. You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。) 注: ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
助动词与情态动词
3 用于加强语气,do, does和did位于陈述句的动词 原形前,do位于祈使句中的动词原形前。如:
Do have another cup of coffee before you go.
走前请一定再喝一杯咖啡。
如:
Never did I tell him about that.我从来没有告诉过 他那件事。
Rarely does it snow in the South.南方很少下雪。
情态动词can. may. must的用法
1. can的用法 2. could的用法 3. may的用法 4. might的用法 5. must的用法
May I ask you a question 我可以问你个问题吗 比Can I ask you a question
更礼貌
You may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。 2 may表示可能性,常用于肯定句和否定句中,指
现在或将来的可能性。如: It may be true.那可能是真的。 The road may be blocked.这条路可能不通了。
You may as well stay where you are.你还是原地呆着好。 All the pubs are closing. We may as well go home. 所有的酒馆都打烊了。我们还是回家吧。
在对由may引出的“请求许可”的问句做出肯定回答时 了通常不用过于严肃和正式的Yes, you may. 而多用Yes, please 请便 或Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 ；否定回答 时,常用“Please don't 请不要 .”或“No, you mustn't 不行 .”
助动词和情态动词.ppt
Could 过去式；语气更委婉
2. Can 与 be able to
1. Can 表示习惯能力，而be able to 表示经过那里而做成了某事。
2. 在否定结构中，二者可以互换。
3. can./could + have +p.p
1.在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生 行为的可能性猜测。 2. 在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做”
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一、 can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。（考点一）：Can只有一般现在
(考点)
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一、 can, could
3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、 否定句和感叹句中。
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五、 will, would
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去 习惯时比used to正式，且没有 (考点) “现已无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound wo、 shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? Shall we go there by bus?
情态动词和助动词 知识点讲解
情态动词和助动词情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词本身有意义，表示说话人的某种语气、态度或看法情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2）情态动词不能单独做谓语，同行为动词或系动词一起构成谓语动词。
除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词有现在式和过去式没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
助动词的语法特征（be, do, have has, shall, will）1）一般没有词义；2）不能单独做谓语，同其他动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气构成疑问或否定形式；3）有人称和数的变化4）有时态的变化常见助动词的用法1. Be ---用于构成现在进行时（be+现在分词）被动语态（be+过去分词）2. Has (have)--- 用于构成现在完成时has (have) +过去分词过去完成时had+过去分词3. Do ---用于构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去式的否定式或疑问式<构成祈使句的否定式；so, neither, nor倒装结构>eg: Don’t eat too much.4. Shall (will) ---构成一般将来时，shall 只用于第一人称主语；will用于各种人称主语常见情态动词的用法1. Can与could1) (表示能力、功能)能,会can用于现在时，could用于过去式The classroom can seat thirty students. 这教室能坐三十位学生。
June can drive now. 琼现在会开车了。
比较can 和be able to●be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。
如：She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
助动词和情态动词归纳
助动词和情态动词归纳助动词情态动词归纳他们到底是什么的家伙？助动词和情态动词本身不能做谓语动词，只能帮动词来构成谓语，起到相关的语法功能助动词：be, do, have一.Be 动词用法1.Be 动词后接现在分词，构成进行时态He is cleaning the classroom2.Be 动词后接过去分词，构成被动语态These iphones are made in China3.Be 动词后接不定式，分下列几种情况情况一：表示未来的计划或安排The Girl's Generation is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.情况二：表目的The dinner is to honour the guestsYour job is to take care of the baby情况三：表可能(近似于can, may)Such books are to be found in any library情况四：表示命令,应该....（近似should/ought to)You're to hand in your exercise this afternoon.二．Do 的用法1.构成疑问，否定，祈使句Do you always play table tennis? I don't think he will come Do remember to your family 2.表示强调The letter we were expecting never did arrive.三．Have 的用法构成完成时态或虚拟语气I have seen the film. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be much better now.情态动词情态动词用法例句can/could 表示能力I could swim across the river when I was young表示客观可能性（理论上的），用于肯定句Anybody can make mistakes Accidents can happen on such rainy days.表示请求，允许Can I go now? Could you lend me some money? 表示惊讶，怀疑How can Bigbang come to Chongqing?shall 用于第一，三人称疑问句中，表征求对方意见Shall I write it down? Shall he come in?用于第二，三人称陈述句，表示命令，警告You shall never see Allen Su's concert unless you can sing his song.should 表示建议，劝告或推测，当“应该”讲Lie to ME should be a good serial We should strict with ourselves.ought to 和should 一样表示应该，可能性还要更大Human ought to stop polluting natureStudying oughtn't to occupy all of your spare timewill/would 表示意志或愿望I will never do that again表示请示，建议Would/will you please tell me the way to the CSC? 表示经常，习惯性动作Fish will die without water 表示预料或猜想It will be about ten minutes' way to get CSC may/might 表示允许许可，否定回答时，用mustn't May I watch TV after supper？Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't表示推测，否定时没有mightn't 说法，区分may not/ can not 用法It may be a trick.He may not come today It can't be our headteacherMay 在祈使句表祝愿May you success. May you have a happy lifemust 必须，强调主观，用于非常肯定的推测You must come to school on timeJustin Biber must be famous in European contrieshave to 必须，不得不，客观I have to go now, and it's already 12:00 used to 过去常常... 现在没有I used to be the fan of Hejie He didn't use to go to work by bikehad better 最好，接动词原形，否定为had better not You'd better talk so loudly. What had we better do next?would rather 宁愿，接动词原形I would rather dance with Michealneed 情态动词，用于否定，疑问句中，需要，必要You needn't ask me the questionNeed I finish the work before ten? Yes, you must.实意动词，need to do need to be done= need doing I need to go to Beijing to attend an important meeting. The windows need to be cleaned/ cleaningWe don't need to watch this filmdare 情态动词，敢，用于否定，有过去式dared，Idare say, 固定短语。
助动词与情态动词的区别
助动词与情态动词的区别助动词（Auxiliary Verbs）和情态动词（Modal Verbs）是英语语法中的两个重要概念，它们在句子结构和语义功能上有一些区别。
本文将讨论助动词和情态动词的定义、用法和区别。
定义助动词是一类用于构成各种时态、语态、语气和否定形式的词，它们通常与主要动词一起使用，来表达句子的时态、语态、疑问、否定等意义。
英语中常见的助动词有be、have、do等。
情态动词是一类具有独特语法特征的动词，用于表达情态、语气、可能性、推测、愿望、能力、义务等意义。
英语中常见的情态动词有can、could、may、might、will、would、shall、should、must等。
用法助动词的用法助动词通常与主要动词一起构成时态、语态、疑问、否定等形式。
下面是一些助动词的常见用法：1.be 助动词：用于构成进行时态、被动语态等，如"I am studying"（我正在研究）。
2.have 助动词：用于构成完成时态等，如"I have finished"（我已经完成了）。
3.do 助动词：用于构成疑问句、否定句等，如"Do you like it?"（你喜欢吗？）。
情态动词的用法情态动词通常与动词原形一起使用，来表达情态、语气、可能性、推测、愿望、能力、义务等意义。
下面是一些情态动词的常见用法：can swim"（我会游泳）。
I come in?"（我可以进来吗？）。
would like a cup of tea"（我想来杯茶）。
4.shall/should：表示应该、义务，如"___"（你应该经常锻炼）。
5.must：表示必须、肯定，如"I must go now"（我必须现在走）。
区别助动词和情态动词在以下几个方面有一些区别：1.助动词可以独立存在，构成肯定式、否定式、疑问式等，而情态动词不能单独使用。
助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习题
助动词与情态动词一、助动词助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。
它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。
1、be (am, is, are, were, been)（l）“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表按计划安排要发生的事。
The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日本。
②用于命令。
You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have (has, had)(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。
如：Have you seen the film ?(2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。
如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?3、do (does, did)(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。
如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；(2)“Do + 主语+ 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。
Does he go to school by bike every day?(3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。
如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。
Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。
My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.4、will, shall (would, should)“will (shall+动词原形)”构成一般将来时，一般来说，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.二、情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。
第九讲情态动词(一)PPT
表示过去的“可能“，可用“ may / might＋不定式完成体 和不定式进行体”，在这里用may / might，也只是口气上婉转程 度的差异，而没有时间上的区别。例如：
He may / might have been hurt. She may / might have been expressing her true feelings at the moment.
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也可用“can / could ＋ 不定式完成体”表示过去的 “可能”：
He can’t / could have been hurt. She can’t / could have missed the train.
He was able to swim halfway before he collapsed.
I talked a long time, and in the end I managed to make her believe me.
上述could与was / were able to用法上的区别仅是就肯定句而言； 在否定句中却无此限制：could既可表示过去的一般能力，也可 表示过去做某桩具体事情的能力。例如：
★表示给予“许可”通常用can / may，而不用could / might。 例如：
Could I use your phone? ——— Yes, of course you can. Might I trouble you for a while? ——— You may indeed.
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b）表示“不许可”用may not或者cannot。例如：
助动词和情态动词的用法口诀
助动词和情态动词的用法口诀
一．情态动词记忆口诀：
只能接不带to的不定式作宾语的动词（注：规定不可以接不定式作宾语的动词有do，did，does，have，has，had，can，could，may，might，will，would，must，ought）。
二．助动词记忆口诀：
1.肯定句中用do（三单用does），否定句中用don（三单用doesn）。
2.陈述句中用do（三单用does），疑问句中换do（三单用does）。
3.be动词的疑问句要把be动词提前，其他动词的疑问句要把助动词提前。
4.have/has有，do/does做；第一人称使用have/has；第二人称使用do/does；第三人称单数使用has/has；复数使用have/have。
5.have/has表示“有”，位置不同记心间。
主语前放助动词，动词have/has后加S。
助动词和情态动词
（五）、助动词do
do 的形式
肯定式 否定式
第一二人称单复数 do 现在时 第三人称单数 does
do not
does not
过去时
did
did not
（五）、助动词do
基本用法
1.接动词原形，构成疑问句和否定句。
• Do you understand this? 你明白这一切吗？ • Don't go yet. 先别走。 • They didn't tell me why. 他们没告诉我原因。 • Did She go to the party? 他去参加了舞会吗？
（二）、助动词的基本用法
1.时态助动词有be、have、shall（should）、will（would）， 它们和非限定动词一起构成各种时态语态。
• We shall be there at 10.
• 我们十点到达那里。
用shall be构成 一般将来时
• I am writing the letter.
(五)、助动词do
5.在一些以否定副词never，rarely，scarcely，only等为首的句子中， 如果实义动词是现在时或过去时，助动词do和did可以构成主谓倒装。
• • • • • •
Never did I tell him about that. 我从来没有告诉过他那件事。 Rarely does it snow in the South. 南方很少下雪。 Only after a short delay did they come. 只耽搁了不久他们就来了。
现在分词 过去分词
being been
being not
been not
英语助动词与情态动词
助动词与情态动词助动词1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。
被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3）最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .情态动词的位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
助动词和情态动词
助动词和情态动词助动词包括：be(is,am,are,was,were,been,being)；have(has,had,having)；do(does,did)；shall(should),will(would)情态动词包括：can,could,(beableto)；may,might；will,would；dare,need,must(haveto)，oughtto,shall,should"be+动词不定式"可以表示下面几种意思:1.命令或指示。
例如：Noone istoenter theroomwithoutpermission.Thebooks arenottobetaken outofthereading-room.2.计划或安排。
例如：Anewbridge istobebuilt overtheriversoon.Theexpedition istostart inaweek'stime.3.可能。
例如：Thiskindoftree istobefound inthatforest.4.应该。
例如：Suchpeople aretobecriticized.5.表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示一种命运。
例如：Theysaidgood-bye,littleknowingthatthey werenevertomeet again.He wastoregret thedecision.Note:was(were)+不定式完成式这种结构表示“本来打算…，本来要•••(而结果则没做)”。
例如：He wastohaveattended themeeting,buthefellill.他本来要参加会议的，但是生病了。
(因此没参加)haveto和must在表示“必须”这个意思时是很接近的，但也有一定的区别。
1.haveto比较强调客观需要，表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不做某事；must强调主观看法，表示主观上认为有必要做某事。
助动词和情态动词课件
will类助动词
1)will 类助动词有哪些？
will , would , shall , should
2)这类动词后加 动词原形, 构成将来时态。
There will be more trees in one hundred years.
3)注意：shall 仅用于第一人称。
I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.
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Q4:must是“必须，应当”的意思，那么 mustn’t如何理解呢？你知道needn’t , can’t 与shouldn’t，may not分别是 什么意思吗？
mustn’t: 不允许
needn’t: 不需要，不必
can’t: 不可能
shouldn’t: 不应该
may not: 可能不
（小提示：这几个词的意思一定要记住 并区分，因为考试时经常出现）
A.Can B.Must C.Should D.May
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13.Mr.White is of great help, so you C let him go. A.had not better B.had better don’t C.had better not D.had no better
14.—Will you answer the telephone? It C be your mother. --Sorry. I . I’m very busy.
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may,might 的用法 1.may在以下句子中分别是什么用法？意
思？ 1)He may come tomorrow. 表示推测，意为“可能；也许”， 用于肯定句 2)You may go now. 表示许可
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Have的用法 Have作助动词时： 完成时态和完成进行时态 I’ve seen this film before. They had already told me the news. She’ll have arrived in Shenzhen by 6 o’clock. What has she been doing since? I was afraid he would have gone to be by then.
Have作及物动词的用法： 1. 表示所有关系 The house has five rooms. Bad new has wings. She has blue eyes. He has a good temper. 2. 表示“吃、喝、患（病）”等 They are having fish for supper. Then have some coffee. Will you have a cigarette? Do you often have colds? My sister has just had a child. I never had any education.
Do的用法 用作助动词时： 1. 构成疑问句或否定句 Does he work here? I don’t care what she thinks. 2. 加在动词前表示强调 I did see her at the party. I do hope you’ll come to China again. 3. 用来表示刚提到过的动作，以避免重复 Tom talks too much. ------ Yes, he does. He lives here but I don’t. He didn’t see you, did he? Do you smoke?----- No, I don’t.
4. 决心，承诺 I won’t have anything said against her. I won’t give her a divorce. I won’t do it any more, I promise you. 5. 习惯，倾向 She will sit there for hours, waiting for her son to come home. Boys will be boys. These things will happen. 6. 命令，叮嘱 You will not go out today: you’ll stay in and work. No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock. 7. 表示猜测 The man with the umbrella will be the Prime Minister. That will be the postman at the door.
5. 过去的习惯性动作或倾向 When he was young he would often walk in these woods. When my parents were away, my grandmother would look after me. 6. 表示猜测 I’d say she’s about 40. I would imagine the journey will take about an hour. The person you mentioned would be her father. 7. 用在一些固定结构中 Where would you like to sit? I’d hate to leave you. I’d love a coffee. I’d prefer to go by plane. I’d rather have the blue one. I’d sooner go home.
3. 能做某事（can，may） How am I to pay such a debt? Not a sound was to be heard. 4. 将来必然要发生的事 The worst is still to come. They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again.
Vocabulary and Writing
The 9th Lesson
助动词与情态动词
助动词 Be Have Do Wiy might must ought 半情态动词 need dare be able to have to had better had best
作其他类动词时： 1. 用作系动词 He is a teacher. He has been in Beijing for five years. She wasn’t in when I called. 2. 作不及物动词（表示发生某事或存在某种 情况） The party will be in a week. When is the wedding to be? What will be, will be. I’m sorry, sir, the meeting’s already been.
用作及物动词时： 1. 和一个名词连用，表示 “做某事” Has he done his homework? They want to do business with us. I’m doing some research on the subject. 2. 和动名词连用 He does some writing in his spare time. She did lots of acting when she was at university. I did some reading before I went to bed. 3. 和一些表示物件的名词连用，表示“梳、刷”等 Can you do the rooms now? When is he coming to do the windows? Have you done your teeth? We did two concerts last week.
Do作不及物动词时： 1. 表示工作、学习、生活等方面的情况 How do you do! He’s doing well at school. He did poorly in the examination. Everything in the garden is doing well. 2. 表示“行、够了、合适、可以”等 I’ve got some muslin here, will it do? Will $5 do? That jacket won’t do for skiing. This hotel won’t do. That piece of material would do to make a dress for you.
3. 和许多名词连用表示动作 Have a long walk have a look at Have a wash have a drink Have a rest have a read Have a fight have an accident Have a dream have a discussion Have a try have a success
Will的用法 1. 用于将来时态 I will give you a definite answer tomorrow. We will never again be separated. It looks as if he won’t be in time for the train. 2. 用于疑问句表示请求 Will you tell her that I’m Mrs Pater? Will you have a little soup? Will you please sit down, everybody? Won’t you take off your overcoat? 3. 愿意，肯 I will have nothing to do with this matter. She won’t so much as look at David. Go where you will.
3. 用于虚拟条件句 If we were men, we would be doing something now. He would be delighted if you went to see him. If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job. 4. （用于过去情况）表示“愿意、肯、会”等 （相当于will的过去时） She would not go to the dentist even thought she was in pain. He would never enter this hateful house again. They had to do that whether they would or not.
Be的用法 作助动词时： 1. 各种进行时态 I’m seeing a friend off. What were you doing when I called？ Come on time. We’ll be expecting you. What have you been doing all these years? 2.各种被动语态 Smoking is not allowed in this building. I’m being shown round the city. The trip has been cancelled. She was afraid of being seen by her fater.