词汇同现、复现在高考英语完形填空中的应用

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高三英语一轮复习完形填空解题技巧：语义复现

完形填空解题技巧: 语义复现（本文所选例句来自于2011-2017年全国卷高考真题）高考完形填空是测试学生综合运用语言能力的一种题型。

它要求学生不但具有阅读理解的能力，驾驭语法结构的能力，辨析词义的能力，而且还要具有较强的逻辑思维、分析和判断能力，同时对各类词法、句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。

一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。

完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。

由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此，行文中词语的重复、替代、复现等现象是不可避免的。

根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词,根据这些词之间的有机联系就可以确定答案。

所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，利用上下文寻找解题信息，如某一个词的原词、同根词、同义词或近义词、反义词等。

我们把这个解题方法称为语义复现法。

在解完形填空的过程中,我们可以利用语义复现法迅速地找到正确答案。

一、原词复现：上下文中有同一概念(语义)出现，考生可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。

如：1 (2012年全国卷) But whatever the situation is, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 _________.55. A. noticed B. treated C respected D. pleased2 (2013年全国卷II) But people in the streets know about him, especially those who are 22 _________.22. A. old B. busy C. kind D. poor在下文中几次出现many poor NewYorkers和help the poor，属于原词复现。

完形填空应对策略(微观技巧)(原卷版)2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

18 完形填空应对策略(微观技巧)【策略精析】微观策略1：利用词汇线索解题词汇线索主要是词语复现和词语同现。

许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、同源词复现、上下义复现、词语同现及反义复现等重复出现来表达，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。

因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的词汇复现来选择正确的答案。

1.原词复现【典例分析1】(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)One day they’ll 47.wake__up and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a __48__.I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling...48. B. lieC. fantasyD. fact【分析】本题可以利用原词复现解题。

由下文的“I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie...”并结合语境可知，本句意为：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。

故选B项。

【典例分析2】(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same __54__ as his father’s painting.“That’s the garden in our picture，”Nicolo’s son told his father.54. B. kitchenC. hallD. garden【分析】本题可以利用原词复现解题。

完形填空同义词复现

完形填空同义词复现
嘿，你知道完形填空同义词复现吗？这可真是个有趣的玩意儿！就
好比你在走一条充满小惊喜的路。

比如说，你正在做一道完形填空题，哎呀，突然看到前面有个词好像很熟悉，再仔细一瞧，嘿，这不就是
之前出现过的那个词的同义词嘛！这感觉，就像你在森林里迷路了，
然后突然发现了之前做过的标记，哇，一下子就找到方向了！
咱就说有一次，我在做一份英语试卷，碰到一道完形填空。

那题可
真难啊，我左思右想，脑袋都快想破了！然后呢，突然我就看到了一
个词，咦，怎么感觉似曾相识呢？再往前面一找，哈哈，原来有个词
和它意思差不多呀！这不就是同义词复现嘛！我当时那个高兴啊，就
像找到了宝藏一样。

还有啊，我朋友也遇到过这种情况。

他愁眉苦脸地跟我说：“哎呀，这完形填空太难了，我都不知道该选啥。

”我就跟他说：“你别急呀，
好好找找有没有同义词复现。

”他听了我的话，真的就找到了，然后开
心得不得了。

你说这是不是很神奇？
完形填空同义词复现真的是一种很奇妙的现象。

它就像一把钥匙，
能帮你打开那些看似很难的题目大门。

它又像一个小提示，在关键时
刻给你指引。

你想想，要是没有同义词复现，那我们做这些题得有多
费劲啊！那简直就是在黑暗中摸索，找不到方向。

所以啊，以后做完形填空的时候，可一定要多留意有没有同义词复现哦！这可是个超级有用的小技巧呢！。

同现、复现

同现、复现作者：杨富章来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第06期英语语篇的连贯离不开词汇衔接，而英语的词汇衔接关系分为两种：同现和复现。

因而对于解决完形填空中的语境理解题，巧用同现复现法尤为有效。

词语同现“词语同现”，也有人称之为“词场”。

一个语篇一定是围绕某个话题进行的，同一话题就会有一些相关联的词汇共同出现。

如一篇谈学校生活的文章，有可能共同出现的单词有：teacher，classmate，student，classroom，library，laboratory，computer，score，maths，physics，study，desk，chair，holiday等，这种词汇共同出现的指向性，就叫同现。

同现词之间有同义、反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如differently与in difference，different与same/similar，cruel与friendly，ill与pale/patient/doctor/operation等。

我们可以根据这类相关信息确定答案。

例1 Although these wide modern roads are generally and well maintained， with little sharp curves and many straight sections， a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.A.stableB.smoothC.splendidplicated解析 B。

本题涉及形容词和名词的同现。

与宽阔的现代化公路（wide modern roads）同现的形容词应是“平坦的”。

例2 “Hooray！” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest I had ever heard at a meet. The firstplace runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.A.cheerB.shoutC.cryD.noise解析句中Hooray， runner， finishing line和 cheer， shout是因果同现词汇，都是体育比赛中的常用词。

完型填空解题技巧--复现

பைடு நூலகம்现
4.上义词和下义词复现
上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。上义词和下义词是包含和被包含关系。如：food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词
C. curiosity
完型填空解题指导
复现练习
1.( 2010北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought …… She believed I had opinions opinions, so I began to ……. 37. A.opinion B.impression rmation D.intention
A. tried B. refused
C. regretted
D. hoped
复现练习
3. (2010陕西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29 （ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates C. tins B. coins D. drugs
复现
3. 反义词复现
语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t ______ your money; it only tightens it. A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce

完形填空解题技巧①：同现和复现

Байду номын сангаас
4、上下义关联（总分关系）(同现) 5). He taught her how to rely on her other (40)__D_ , specifically her hearing…… (2010湖北)
A. feelings B. organs C. skills D. senses
6). However, this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these __B____ simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented. (2011广东) A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers
study
listening
speaking
6
词场的同现、复现关联
• 原词关联（复现） • 同义、近义关联（同现） • 反义关联（同现） • 上下义关联（即总分关系）（同现） • 语义场关联（即语境关联）（同现）
7
1、原词关联（复现）： 1) Today, over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause……The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer (51)__A__ new shoes. (2012山东)
a mother whose baby grows (23) _A__ and pale...

词汇衔接在完形填空中的作用

、
引言
Ｈａｌｌｉｄａｙ和Ｈａｓａｎ在Ｃｏｈｅｓｉｏｎｉｎ西一书中创立了语篇衔接理论．他们将衔接定义为存在于语篇内部的。能使全文成为语篇的各种意义联系。在此书Ｈａｌｌｉｄａｙ￣Ｈａｓａｎ认为：衔接概念可有效地决定一个语篇。语篇是在情景和语篇本体两个方面都连贯的，因此是衔接的。他们把衔接分为两大类：语法衔接和词汇衔接。词汇衔接又分为复现（ｒｅｉｔｅｒａｔｉｏｎ）和同现（ｃｏｌｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ）。语篇的连贯就是通过句子间词汇项的复现关系和同现关系实现的。完形填空作为特殊的语篇形式离不开词汇衔接的语义功能，在整个解题过程中显得格外重要。这里所说的特殊性就在于完形填空所基于的格式塔心理．即人们在感知不完整事物时，在内心深处总是倾向于将其补全，使之 “ 完形 ” 成一个完整体；整体是由部分组成的，而整体不等于各部分的简单相加，它大于各部分相加之和，完形填空正是一种需要补全。使之完形的残缺语篇材料 …。完形填空题的解题过程也正是通过残缺语篇中各种衔接关系尤其是词汇的衔接完成的。性图像。７．尝试图像解题

高考英语江苏：专题二+完形填空第一讲+词汇复现+同现

...they successfully developed a bination of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and
natural reproduction.
38.A.abortion
B.recreation
C.reproduction
D.administration
·第二步：上下求索找信息，结合常识巧解题。每一道题必有据，句内句外找信息；遇到难题放一边，因为答案在下面。
15
第一讲词汇复现/同现
16
词汇复现的信息包括原词复现，同义词、近义词和反义词复现，上下义词复现等。词汇同现指的是在语篇中围绕某一特定话题的词汇有共同出现的倾向性。如一篇谈论环境保护的文章，以下单词有可能共同出现：environment, pollute, car, rubbish, smoke，measure, tree等。词汇同现在同一语篇中，构成了以某一话题为中心的词汇链，也有人称之为“语义场”或“词场”。
C.By the way
D.On the contrary
答案 B [出现这种情况的原因是，毕竟(after all)不是每个人都意识到野生动物
有思想、有感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。in contrast相比之下；by
the way顺便说一下；on the contrary相反。(句组层次题)]
答案 C [由文中的artificial breeding and natural reproduction(人工繁殖和自然繁
殖)可知，此处为两位饲养员帮助濒危的白枕鹤繁殖(reproduction)。abortion人工
流产；recreation娱乐，消遣；administration管理，施行。]

高考英语名师学法指导专题3 完型填空(2)词汇复现

名) “Bonnato” or so he thought
5.(2020•新课标全国卷II)It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he
researched it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of.
C. camps
D. stones
46. C考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备；B. grass 草C. camps 营地；D. stone石头。句意：
我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。
由下文“at camps ”可知，本句属于原词再现。故选C。
文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
复现的文章内容： I care deeply about my customers
1. 词汇重现法——上下求索
9.(2019•新课标全国卷I)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,
the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might
damage the beauty of the place.
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds
46. A. computersB. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras

英语46完形填空『词汇复现』法

第四十六讲完形填空——『词汇复现』法一学习目标1. 完形满分答题技巧（二）是什么？2. 怎么利用好这个技巧？二考点解析1. 高考完形命题特点①考查综合能力，试卷中最难的一部分②强调语境，必须通过上下文信息进行判断③长度在200-400词之间④首句通常无空格，但提供语境⑤5-10词设一空，一共20个空，每空1.5分⑥4个选项为同类或同一范畴，干扰性、迷惑性较大2. 完形中的词汇『复现』“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化、同义词/近义词、反义词、上下义词等重复出现在语篇之中，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，意义统一完整。

3. 词汇『复现』规律①原词复现②词形变化复现③同义/近义词复现④反义词复现⑤上下义词复现4.实战演练⊙Example 1What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him.“You have no talent (天赋).You will never be a pianist.” As a nine-year-old boy, Lang Lang was badly hurt. He decided that he didn’t want to be a 40 any more. For the next two weeks, he didn’t touch the piano. Wisely, his father didn’t push, but waited.A. singerB. pianistC. conductorD. player⊙Example 2Over the next several months, my professor taught me why one story was so much better than the other. 52 was rich in metaphor（隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous but too shallow.⊙Example 3After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced36 for a few days, I was allowed to wait tables on my own.A. managerB. assistantC. cookD. waitress⊙Example 4I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV. One day, a sociologist proposed that the 31 society has been consuming modern humans little by little.A.adultB. humanC. consumerD. bachelor⊙Example 5After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books. I was 21 .Why were you doing what I do —memorizing textbooks and studying for tests? When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled.A. amusedB. worriedC. puzzledD. disappointed⊙Example 6There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the remended ___.A. casesB. toolsC. stepsD. methods⊙Example 7I passed by a girl who 38 her books out of her locker. Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up, I continued my way. However, when I had to go back because I stupidly forgot my book, I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself. No one had stopped to 40 her.38. A. took B. dropped C. got D. pulled40. A. please B. greet C. help D. praise⊙Example 8Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of “perfection.”The truth is that no one is perfect. When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for46 .A. courageB. wisdomC. kindnessD. beauty⊙Example 9He taught her how to rely on her other ____, specifically her hearing…A. feelingsB. organsC. skillsD. sensessmellsighttouch taste5.Summary词汇复现①原词复现②词形变化复现③同义/近义词复现④反义词复现⑤上下义词复现三练习题A篇Can one man make a difference? Ask Rossano Ercolini, the 2013 Goldman Prize winner, which is considered the Nobel Prize for “____1____”. Ercolini is a young ____2____ in a small town in Italy. After ____3____the news of reducing waste on the radio, he decided to teach his students to ____4____ paper and replace plastic water bottles in the school lunchroom with _____5___ glasses.When his town announced plans to open an incinerator （焚化炉）to burn waste, Ercolini knew it would be _____6___ for his students. Incinerators are huge heaters that burn all waste and poisonous material, leaving behind ___7_____. You might think it is ___8_____ than sending waste to landfills. It is true landfills ____9____ space, smell bad, and that poisonous materials can make underground drinking water ____10____ to use. But incinerators have their own____11____. Burning gives off poisonous gases into the air which can cause _____12___ problems. People will have to wear a mask no matter ____13____ they go. The smoke also causes pollution, and even ___14_____ the greenhouse effect.Ercolini was worried about the ____15____ of his munity and felt it was his duty to ____16____ them. He organized town hall meetings, and talked about how to reduce, reuse and recycle. ____17____ , Ercolini has advocated the zero-waste movement, the ___18_____ of which is to reduce the waste sent to landfills and incinerators to the least possible amount. He has already _____19___ plans for more than 50 incinerators in many Italian cities. ___20_____ his efforts, there are more than one hundred zero-waste towns in Italy now!【小题1】 A.Peace B.Environment C.Medicine D.Literature【小题2】 A.teacher B.farmer C.trainer D.gardener【小题3】 A.watching B.reading C.hearing D.making【小题4】 A.fold B.roll C.tear D.recycle【小题5】 A.coloured B.reusable C.thick D.valuable【小题6】 A.harmful B.necessary C.suitable D.convenient【小题7】 A.rock B.sand C.water D.ash【小题8】 A.worse B.harder C.better D.further【小题9】 A.add B.fill in C.create D.take up【小题10】 A.unsafe B.simple C.regular D.illegal【小题11】 A.difficulties B.disadvantages C.expectations D.improvements 【小题12】 A.heart B.hearing C.breathing D.weight【小题13】 A.why B.when C.how D.where【小题14】 A.reduces B.worsens C.suffers D.measures 【小题15】 A.health B.development C.justice D.employment 【小题16】 A.praise B.support cate D.entertain【小题17】 A.Anyhow B.However C.Otherwise D.Moreover 【小题18】 A.goal B.reason C.truth D.problem【小题19】 A.discussed B.defeated C.prepared D.suggested 【小题20】 A.Along with B.Except for C.Thanks to D.Instead ofB篇One effective way of destroying happiness is to look at something and focus on even the smallest fault. It’s like looking at the tiled(铺瓦) ceiling and concentrating on the space where one tile is 1 .Once I heard a bald man said, “whenever I enter a room 2 I see is hair.” Once you’ve 3 what your missing tile is, explore whether acquiring it will 4 make you happy. Then do one of the three things: Get it, replace it with a different 5 , or forget about it and 6 the tiles in your life that are not missing.We all know people who have a relatively 7 life, yet are essentially unhappy while people who have suffered a great deal but 8 remain happy.The first 9 is gratitude. All happy people are 10 . Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to 11 , but it’s truer to say that plaining leads people to being unhappy.The second secret is 12 that happiness is a byproduct of something else. The most obvious____13____are those pursuits that give our lives purpose—anything 14 studying insects to playing baseball. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are 15 to experience.Finally, the belief that something permanent goes beyond us and that our ____16____ has some larger meaning can help us to feel happier. We ____17___ a spiritual faith, or a philosophy; it should 18 this truth: if you choose to find the ____19____ in every situation, you will be blessed, and if you choose to find the awful, you will be cursed. As with happiness itself, this is ___20_____ your decision to make.【小题1】 A.different B.missing C.short D.broken【小题2】 A.nothing B.none C.all D.anything【小题3】 A.determined B.predicted C.assumed D.imagined【小题4】 A.pletely B.naturally C.hopefully D.really【小题5】 A.tile B.brick C.ceiling D.house【小题6】 A.look on B.focus on C.count on D.rely on【小题7】 A.peaceful B.difficult C.easy D.ordinary【小题8】 A.certainly B.merely C.hardly D.generally【小题9】 A.secret B.factor C.rule D.key【小题10】 A.wealthy B.grateful C.proud D.generous 【小题11】 A.upset B.quarrel C.plain D.depress【小题12】 A.admitting B.assuming C.proving D.realizing 【小题13】 A.sources B.results C.answers D.goals 【小题14】 A.among B.from C.through D.for【小题15】 A.probable B.possible C.likely D.capable 【小题16】 A.value B.destination C.survival D.existence 【小题17】 A.need ck C.demand D.expect 【小题18】 A.involve B.include C.absorb D.mean 【小题19】 A.worst B.best C.positive D.negative 【小题20】 A.absolutely B.totally C.exactly rgelyC篇Jane’s mother worked on the farm from dawn till dark, which just could make ends meet. To make Jane live a 1 life. Mother was very careful about spending money. 2 ，Jane didn’t understand her. Every day Mother was busy with her 3 while Jane was studying at school, so they had little time to enjoy themselves.One day, Mother realized Jane was unhappy and even 4 to her, so she decided to go 5 with Jane to make Jane happy.On Sunday morning they went happily to the snowfield. Since they were 6 in white clothes, the manager advised them to buy ski clothes. He said 7 there was an accident, they might be easily___8_____ in their ski clothes. Mother couldn’t9 them, so she refused.Then they went skiing in their white clothes. They were skiing happily on the 10 when suddenly the snowfield began to 11 . It was the snow slide(雪崩). They ran a long way and 12 the snow slide finally, but they couldn’t find their way. Later, a helicopter was flying above, 13 people on it couldn’t see or hear them. Jane was 14 because she had hurt her head seriously and __15______ dropped on the snow. Just then an idea struck Mother. She pierced (刺破) her wrist____16____ and then bright red blood dropped down on the snowfield. A red SOS was on the snow. At last Jane __17______ , but Mother died.Every time I ___18_____ the blood dropping onto the snowfield, I feel ___19___ . I believe anyone who hears the tragedy will ____20____ Mother for her selfless love to her daughter. 【小题1】 A.healthy B.happy C.busy D.meaningful【小题2】 A.Moreover B.However C.Anyway D.Though【小题3】 A.writing B.housework C.research D.work【小题4】 A.unfriendly B.loyal C.kind D.cruel【小题5】 A.skating B.dancing C.skiing D.hiking【小题6】 A.all B.both C.either D.every【小题7】 A.in case B.now that C.as though D.even if【小题8】 A.searched B.examined C.found D.caught【小题9】 A.pay B.manage C.stand D.afford【小题10】 A.mountain B.farmland C.playground D.snowfield【小题11】 A.change B.melt C.shake D.jump【小题12】 A.passed B.escaped C.experienced D.overcame【小题13】 A.but B.so C.since D.while【小题14】 A.in despair B.in danger C.in peace D.in ruins【小题15】 A.blood B.hair C.tears D.jewels【小题16】 A.carefully B.slowly C.immediately D.hardly【小题17】 A.cried B.died C.survived D.woke【小题18】 A.find out B.think of C.suffer from D.e across【小题19】 A.satisfied B.curious C.anxious D.painful【小题20】 A.envy B.admire C.reward D.thankD篇“When we feel love and kindness toward others, it not only makes others feel loved and cared for, but it helps us also to develop inner happiness and peace.”As we live through life, we tend to get caught up in our individual world, our problems —our life. When we 1 our world to include others in a meaningful way, by making a 2 difference in their life, we increase our experience at the same time.Think back on a time when someone made a difference in your life.Here is one of mine: I was going to college, working part-time, and just 3 getting by financially. Standing in line at a local supermarket, I 4 a woman in the same line, thinking that she was not very attractive. As I was 5 , I discovered that I did not have enough money to pay; without 6 , that same woman I had been judging offered to 7 the difference. It wasn’t 8 , but what that person did made a lasting impression on me. She was a beautiful, caring soul who was willing to help a stranger in a(an) 9 situation. That happened over forty years ago and I remember it as 10 as if it was yesterday.Other examples are the numerous times I have had people smile at me, which 11 my day. I've often wondered if it was because I was smiling, which I 12 to do all the time, or because they were smiling to be 13 , which encouraged me to smile as well. It has probably been some of both. In 14 case, that simple gesture (a smile) makes a difference in my day.There are 15 ways to make a significant difference in another's life. The question is: Arewe doing it? It does not 16 anything, but it does require some effort on our part. I have found that as I do this consistently, the 17 go far beyond the energy required to do the deed. Looking for ways to brighten another person's day raises our vibration(共鸣),and when we act on it, we 18 the other person to raise their vibration as well — it is 19 to each other.Make a difference in someone's life today, and 20 doing so every day. Today is a perfect time to start! If you are already doing so. bravo!【小题1】 A.rebuild B.establish C.expand D.develop【小题2】 A.direct B.minor C.remarkable D.positive【小题3】 A.thoroughly B.smoothly C.barely D.actually【小题4】 A.observed B.witnessed C.inspected D.acpanied【小题5】 A.hanging out B.checking out C.setting out D.working out【小题6】 A.expectation B.hesitation C.assumption D.intention【小题7】 A.deal with B.take in C.make up D.cut down【小题8】 A.much B.enough C.little D.awful【小题9】 A.urgent B.absurd C.hopeless D.embarrassing【小题10】 A.roughly B.clearly C.correctly D.dimly【小题11】 A.brightens B.ruins C.begins D.influences【小题12】 A.undertook B.tried C.promised D.failed【小题13】 A.dynamic B.appealing C.friendly D.merciful【小题14】 A.neither B.either C.no D.another【小题15】 A.limited B.vital C.necessary D.countless【小题16】 A.deserve B.charge C.determine D.cost【小题17】 A.efforts B.achievements C.returns D.consequences【小题18】 A.assist B.remind C.permit D.persuade【小题19】 A.similar B.beneficial C.fundamental D.appropriate【小题20】 A.admit B.prefer C.remend D.consider答案A篇B篇C篇D篇。

完形填空之利用同义词、反义词、原词复现解题(三)专项训练-2022届高三英语一轮复习

完形填空之利用同义词、反义词、原词复现解题（三）在完形填空的一部分题目中，可以利用词汇复现(某一词在同一语篇中重复出现)解题，轻松确定正确答案，这些词汇复现包括:(1)原词复现:在上下文中同一词汇重复出现。

(2)同根词复现:词形变化的词汇复现。

(3)同义/近义词复现:意思相同，相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现。

(4)反义词复现，意思相反的表达方式对应复现。

(5)上下义词复现:总括与分述的词汇复现。

一、选出空白处的最佳选项1.Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so 33_that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior.A.abstractB.ridiculousC.subtleD. reasonable2.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ___45___.A. theoryB. businessC. routineD. project3.And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people worry about the mistakes they make when ___51___.A. singingB. workingC. bargainingD. learning4.Though he never made it to the top, his math teacher was always 46 and curious about the change: Why had that stormy day changed Joe?A. worriedB. amazedC. friendlyD. cautious5.The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your52 . That is why exercise has been shown to build up your self-respect.A. abilityB. relationshipC. confidenceD. business6.It may not describe the original (最初的)design of a town. However, one may get some idea of what I49look like by walking around the town.A. used toB. seemed toC. had toD. happened to7.For me, it is simply that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one’s own eyes. A54visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a guide-book.A.costlyB. formalC. groupD. personal8.Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may prefer a fatter pen.A. strongerB. weakerC. smallerrger9.In the complex and technological society that the United Stated has become, each 42 must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in contact with many other member.A. parentB. memberC. familyD. relative10.Not all of these fairies are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering.A. powerfulB. cruelC. frightenedD. extraordinary11.In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying heavily on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.A.directlyB. cleverlyC. voluntarilyD. quickly12.Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these adults simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 .A. talentedB. worriedC. learnedD. interested13.The older I got, the more my passion (酷爱) for music grew. But I also began to gradually lose my 38 . Doctors concluded that the nerve damage was the cause and by age twelve, I was completely deaf.A. sightB. hearingC. touchD. taste14.Regardless of their dislike, I kept on planting my garden and ____51___to enjoy the pleasure gardening.A. decidedB. stoppedC. continuedD. struggled15.By the end of Grade 12,the group had more or less 41 into its final form, one that's remained remarkably complete for the past 20 years.A.brokenB.forcedC.separatedD. united16.Still, in British schools, it is required to study the poet, and when something is made compulsory, usually the result is _44_, resentment or both.A.loveB.boredomC.affectionD. regret17.Once again, she's able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. “I have got my 50 back and can live actively with my family now.”A.freedomB.imaginationC.patienceD.husband18.My little group hurried to get the food. As each box was carried in, the old woman oohed and aahed（欢天喜地）-much to her visitors＇＿29＿．A.surpriseB.disappointmentC.relaxationD.pleasure19.That stranger was Christy Cheung. who lived a few neighborhoods away in Gaithersburg. a 49 city of 70,000....Gaithersburg is a young and diverse community...BA.normalB.youngC.distantD.major20.An Australian health writer called Thea O'Connor is a founder of a campaign called Nap Now which is trying to make sleeping at work more_52_.She says:“I think that our culture is a bit crazy not to embrace it when people are working longer and harder.”CA.convenientB.significantC.acceptableD.extreme二、完形填空实战练习（一）Christmas2020 was a heartbreaking time for Melanie Lee.A few weeks earlier,her 33-year-old son had lost his_42 against a long illness. Then something went wrong with her car and she had no means of paying for it to be 43.“When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN, “Now I don't have my son, now I don't have transportation.How am I supposed to stay 44 in my grand children's lives?”Eliot Middleton,38,the owner of a 45 and former worker in a car factory,who repairs and 46 used cars in his free time. He'd heard about the Lee's problem from her nephew Frankthe Lee's home with a gift: asecond hand car.“I had no idea what was going on, ” said Lee.“He handed me the48 and didn't ask for anything.” Once again, she's able to49her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. “I have got my 50 back and can live actively with my family now.”The idea for the used-car giveaway came to Middleton a year early during a food drive he's organized. Many of those who 51__ for a meal walked up to four miles to get there because they didn't have cars. He posted on Facebook an offer to trade food of his restaurant for broken-down cars. 52 ,friends and strangers have dropped off more than 100 cars in various states of disrepair.Many 53 in Middleton's yard waiting to be repaired and donated.“If you can just fix one problem to somebody, it gives them hope"Middleton said,“Don't think that something that you do won't affect someone in a great way, because the small thing is what adds up, so just do 54 you can.”“People think Elliot is55,”FrankMacClary told the Washington post.“And I 56 too".42.A.job B.battle C.belief D.hope43.A.settled B.equipped C.fixed D.solved44.A.active B.long C.awake D.youngpany B.hospital C.hotel D.restaurant46.A.gives up B.gives out C.gives off D.gives away47.A.undoubtedly B.unexpectedly C.unfortunately D.uncomfortably48.A.check B.money C.food D.key49. A. bring back B.pick up C.call on D.look after50.A.freedom B.imagination C.patience D.husband51:A.built up B.piled up C.stayed up D.lined up52.A.After that B.And then C.Since then ter on53.A.lie B.put C.display D.place54.A.whenever B.however C.whatever D.wherever55.A.a star B.an angel C.a composer D.a model56.A.do B.detect C.whisper D.digest（二）Eight years ago, Al Nixon decided to work for the city's water department. From then on, he would44 at 4:30 every morning, sitting for 2 hours on a bench with a good view of the waterfront of St.Petersburg,Florida.Nixon45it “life rising” because watching a46made him feelgood before starting his day.A year later, a woman stopped to say hello,and47 ,“Seeing you sitting here every morning,I know everything is going to be OK.” What she said changed Nixon's48 on his daily routine.After tha instead of49 straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started smiling at people and striking up 50 .Pretty soon, many early risers began 51_him on the bench, telling him about their worries and asking him for 52 about relationships, careers,and personal problems.“I was happy to listen,”Nixon, 59, said. “I wanted them to walk away53 they were notalone.”Nixon lends a(n)54 to whatever problem a person wants to share.A couple once55to talk about problems in their relationship. The husband was always working, rarely home, whiwas56 their marriage. Nixon told him, “My friend, if you go on like this,you are 57lose your wife.”The man 58that Nixon was right and agreed that he needed to slow down.His presence and his openness to listen have led some to nickname him the Sunshine Mayor.44.A.raise B.arise C.rise D.arouse45.A.recalled B.justified C.conveyed D.called46.A.sunrise B.sunset C.valley D.village47.A.declared B.added C.bowed D.yawned48.A.perspective B.detective C.motive D.alternative49.A.glaring B.aiming C.staring D.driving50.A. clients B.conversations C.superiors D.evaluations51.A.swinging B.seizing C.engaging D.joining52.A.analysis B.recognition C.definition D.advice53.A.imagining B.intending C.feeling D.convincing18 54.A.heart B.ear C.eye D.hand55.A.came by B.weighed up C.sorted out D.spied on56.A.sheltering B.acknowledging C.sustaining D.ruining57. A. reliable B.likely C.ashamed petent58.A.predicted B.admitted C.opposed D.rejected（三）Why did the orangutan （猩猩）cross the road？That＇s not the start of a joke but a question being asked by scientists studying these brilliant apes.Brent Loken who runs a group called Integrated Conservation used camera traps to research into orangutans. That group protects42_ animals in Borneo,the largest island in Asia. Camera traps work by taking a quick photo,when something moves in front of them In Borneo, scientists use the photos to_43_what the rare orangutans do when people aren't44_?Scientists have been studying orangutans in the rainforests for decades. And their data had suggested that the animals almost always traveled through the_45.They were_46_seen walking on the forest floor. Yet when Loken looked at the photos from his team's camera traps he got surprised that the apes were walking on the ground＿47＿using logging roads（运材道路）and paths built by people.Were these animals simply_48_ to walk on the ground because logging had left too many_49_? Or did they_50_down logging roads as convenient short cut?“More_51__is needed"People are removing trees for logging plantations and the building of the cities. The new findings suggest orangutans might be able to learn to_52_with some of these changes in their 53_. It doesn't mean the animals can survive_54_forests. But it does suggest there might be ways to log forests in a way that won't greatly_55__these apes.Stepbanie Spehar, primatologist at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh agrees.“The new study doesn't me an they're fine in areas with no trees” she says. “Orangutans clearly need the forest to_56_.42.A.endangered B.classified C.transformed D.abandoned43.A.look on B.call on C.spy on D.take on44.A.alone B.around C.absent D.alongside45.A.valleys B.treetops C.passages D.woods46.A.rarely B.merely C.frequently D.occasionally47.A.ever B.even C.thus D.only18.A.permitted manded C.forced D.tutored49.A.routes B.branches C.gaps D.cracks50.A.settle B.knock C.rattle D.wander51.A.independence B.insurance C.significance D.convenience52.A live B.link C.agree D.stay53.A.forest B.habitat C.region D.colony54.A.against B.without C.within D.across55.A.destroy fort C.disturb D.interrupt56.A.conserve B.preserve C.reserve D.survive（四）It was the district sports meet. My foot still hadn't healed from a(n) 41 injury.I had 42 whether or not I should attend the meet.But there I was, 43 for the 3,000-meter run.“Ready... set...”The gun popped and we were off. The other girls rushed ahead of me. I felt 44 as I fell father and father behind.“Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest cheer I had ever heard at a meet. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finish line.“Maybe I should 45_,”I thought as I moved on. 46,I decided to keep going.During the last two laps,I ran47 and decided not to48_in track next year. It wouldn't be worth it,49 my foot did heal.When I finished, I heard a cheer louder than the one I'd heard earlier.I turned around and 50enough.the boys were preparing for their race. “They must cheering for the boys.”I was leaving 51 several girls came up to me. “Wow,you've got courage!” One of them told me.“Courage?I just 52 a race!"I thought."I would have given up on the first lap," said another girl. “We were cheering for you.Did you hear us?”Suddenly I regained hope.I decided to 53 track next year. I realized strength and courage aren't always measured in medals and victories, but in the_54 we overcome. The strongest people are not always the people who win,55 the people who don't give up when they lose.41.A.slighter B.worse C.earlier D.heavier42.A.expected B.supposed C.imagined D doubtedte B.eager C.ready D.thirsty44.A.ashamed B.astonished C.excited D.frightened45.A.slow down B.drop out C go on D.speed up46.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Besides D.However47.A.in delight B.in fear C.in pain D.in advance48.A.play B.arrive C.race D.attend49.A.even if B.only if C.what if D.as if50.A.well B.sure C.surprisingly D.strangely51.A.while B.when C.as D.since52.A.finished B.won C.passed D.lost53.A.hold with B.break with C.begin with D.stick with54.A.sadness B.struggles C.diseases D.tiredness55.A.or B.nor C.and D.but答案：一、选出空白处的最佳选项1.A2.C3.C4.D5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.D11.B 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.B16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.D二、完形填空实战练习（一）BCADD BDBAD CACBA（二）CDABA CBDDC BADBB（三）ACBBA BCCDD ABBCDCDCAB DCCAB BDDBD。

词汇复现和同现秒解完形填空题

词汇复现和同现秒解完形填空题作者：董耀忠来源：《高中生·天天向上》2018年第09期一、语篇中的词汇复现在完形填空题中，词汇的复现取决于语法规则和词汇的语义特征。

这种复现是指在同一话题和同一语义场下各个词之间存在的语义的亲疏关系，即相同、相近、相似、相反、相对和相属等。

对完形填空题，考生可利用词汇复现，有效推敲并快速选择最佳答案。

1.原词复现例1 That night，thetwoofthem_36_（sat）sidebyside at the piano. They played jazz music to celebratetheir new home. The loud _37 filled the room and madethem feel very happy...The next moming， however， their happiness disap-peared. Someone had left a 39 under their door duringthe night. One of their neighbor had written to complain（抱怨）about the sound of the piano. Dario's motherasked the building superintendent（管理员）if he knewanything about it...One woman，Mrs. Gilbert，presented Dario'smother with a book of piano music by Chopin... ...She said “...So I wrote a short note.I hope youdon't think I disliked the playing.”37.A.voiceB.ringC.musicD.cry39.A.noteB.posterC.billD.report解析：答案分別为C和A。

完型填空解题之利用词汇复现解题

完型填空解题之利用词汇复现解题[典例精析]I used to live selfishly, I should admit. But one moment changed me.I was on my lunch break and had left the office to get something to eat. On the way, I 27 a busker（街头艺人），with a hat in front of him. I had some 28 in my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would only use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. He looked like that type-young and ragged. But what was I going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! I then 32 I had no right to place myself above him just because he was busking.I stopped and dropped all the coins into his 35 , and he smiled at me, I watched for a while. As 36 as it sounds, I expected something more to come from that moment—a feeling of 37 or satisfaction, for example. But nothing happened. Disappointedly, I walked off. “It proved to be a waste of 39 ,”I thought.On my way home at the end of the 40 , I saw the busker again and he was packing up. I watched him pick up the hat and walk to a cafe counter. There he poured the total contents into a tin collecting for an earthquake fund-raising(募捐) event. He was busking for charity(慈善)！Now I donate any 45 I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving.27. A. led B.chose C. saw D. fooled28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs32. A. declared B. realized C. expected D. guessed35. A. rag B. hat C. pocket D. counter36. A. selfish B. awkward C. innocent D. special37. A. happiness B. sadness C. love D. hate39. A. words B. effort C. space D. money40. A. moment B. day C. break D. event45. A. work B. time C. energy D. change一：词汇互现1. 原词复现；原词复现指同一个单词或短语在上下文中重复出现。

完形填空重要技巧(之复现与同现)

同现、复现在完形填空中的应用一,词汇的同现根据德国学者J． Trier 的理论,“词可以在一个共同概念的支配下结合在一起形成一个语义场”。

语言中与同一部分现实相联系的这种既联接又区分的关系把若干个词义构成一个大小不等的同目义群,语言学家称之为语义场（semantically field）。

语义场中的词与词之间的语义关系是相互依存的（interdependent）.每个词的意义在很大程度上取决于在语义场上所占的位置。

因此,词汇的同现指的是意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇连。

四级考试的命题中也渗透了这种原则。

例如:① I have no doubt that virtually all of these people were ____ in school that the earth revolves around the sun； they may even have written it on a test．（ CET－4 2001．1 ）四个备选项为：advised; suggested；learned； taught由于句意的限制，这里可与school 形成同一语义场的词项有: learned 和 taught.有根据语法知识，learn做及物动词时不能以人为动作的承受者.因此本题答案为“taught"。

而这种用法并非偶然.请看下例：② Furthermore， these highways generally connect large urban centers which mean that they become crowded with ____ traffic during rush hours．( CET－41990．1 ）四个备选项为：large； fast; light； heavy本句与traffic 这个话题构成词汇链的词项为 light 和 heavy.而配合下文rush hours 决定这里的同现词为 heavy。

完形填空解题技巧①：同现和复现

self-centred 主题关键词，语境关联 alone
4. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty
5. A. argument B. game C. experiment D. defence
self-centred 主题关键词，原词关联 alone
study
imitating speaking
listening
词场的同现、复现关联
• • • • • 原词关联（复现）同义、近义关联（同现）反义关联（同现）上下义关联（即总分关系）（同现）语义场关联（即语境关联）（同现）
1、原词关联（复现）： 1) Today, over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause……The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer A new shoes. (2012山东) (51)____ A. donates B. produces C. deliver D. lend
•Q1: What was the author like two years ago? •Q2: And how is he now? •Q3: Is he the same as he used to be? •Q4: So, he has become a ???? person.
小试牛刀
题号及答案
4、上下义关联（总分关系）(同现) 5). He taught her how to rely on her other D , specifically her hearing…… (2010湖北) (40)___ A. feelings B. organs C. skills D. senses

完形填空解题技巧之词汇复现——解析高考全国卷

——分析2018 高考全国卷“词汇复现（ Reiteration ）”是指某一词汇以原词、同义词 / 近义词、反义词、同畴词等重复出现在语篇之中，使得语篇中的句子相互连结和连结，意义一致完满。

词汇复现平时包含：原词复现、同义词/ 近义词复现、反义词复现、同畴词复现。

词汇复现是高考英语试卷中题型覆盖面特别广和运用很多的一种测试手段，特别是在完形填空题中。

在掌握语篇，依赖语境的基础上，运用词汇复现技巧能更快的找出正确答案。

下面我们利用这一解题技巧，揭秘2018 全国卷完形填空的词汇复现。

2018 全国I卷完形填空：During my second year at the city college, I was told that theeducation department was offering a“free”course, calledThinking Chess, for three credits. I41 jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't wantto42 a few dollars? More than that, I' d always wanted tolearn chess. And, even if I weren't43 excited enough about free credits, news about our44 instructor was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster,which45 meant I would be learning from one of thegame’s46. I could hardly wait to47 meet him.I managed to get an A in that lessons that have served me well beyond the 53and learned life54 classroom.42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment【答案分析】近义词复现。

高考英语运用词汇知识及词汇同现解完形填空范例

从近几年的高考英语来看，完形填空在选材方面愈来愈注重与社会紧密联系的主题，包括社会、经济、文化和体育等各个方面的热点，因此，同学们应多留意时事，积累信息量。

同时，恰当运用技巧是很有必要的。

“运用词汇知识及词汇同现解完形填空”便是一个技巧。

词汇知识着重考查词汇的搭配和词义辨析，词汇同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。

由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所适应的上下文也有分别。

同学们可以通过下面这道题来掌握这个技巧。

China has banned its athletes 1 taking part in advertising and public relations work local 2 reported on Thursday. “In order to prepare for the 2008 Beijing Olympics our country’s 3 including celebrity athletes are banned from 4 in all kinds o f 5 activities” the China Sports Daily quoted Sports Minister Liu Peng as 6 “Athletes who participate in social activities are relatively easily 7 .If this is not regulated it may 8 with their training and be 9 to Beijing Olympic preparations” Liu said. The report did not specify what he meant 10 “social activities” or which kinds would be deemed（认为，相信） necessary but observers said they included 11 endorsement. China holdsits athletes to 12 standards of conduct that have become especially severe in the run-up to the Olympic Games. Olympic 13 gold medalist Tian Liang was kicked off the national team in 2005for taking part in a rash of television ads and 14 . In May Olympic champion hurdler Liu Xiang came 15 fire for signing a deal with the Baisha Corporation a Chinese tobacco giant that sells 75 billion 16 a year. A book 17 “My Heart is Flying: A Liu Xiang Photo book” 18 in February contained dozens of images of 19 the birds that 20 Baisha cigarette cases.1. A. in B. with C. from D. to2. A. media B. books C. people D. governments3. A. athletes B. singers C. actors D. officials4. A. attending B. takingC. participatingD. interested5. A. school B. social C. cultural D. educational6. A. shouting B. saying C. talking D. telling7. A. distracted B. killedC. cheatedD. helped8. A. help B. do C. deal D. interfere9. A. helpful B. good C. detrimental D. vital10. A. by B. of C. with D. on11. A. movie B. televisionC. commercialD. business12. A. pleasant B. strict C. limit D. free13. A. jumping B. divingC. runningD. gymnastics14. A. amusement B. entertainmentC. endorsementD. investment15. A. on B. under C. for D. in16. A. bottles B. cigarettes C. beers D. cars17. A. entitled B. callingC. writtenD. regarded18. A. published B. was publishedC. publishD. to be published19. A. cranes B. trees C. cats D. sounds20. A. add B. adornC. describeD. introduce【答案及解析】1. 选C。

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词汇同现、复现在高考英语完形填空中的应用
邹婷婷
摘要：文章介绍了高考英语试题中词汇同现、复现在完形填空中的应用。

并且运用历年高考真题实例来加以说明，明确了这种用法对于高考以及在英语学习中的重要地位。

旨在让学生意识到从篇章层次上理解词汇的这种用法的重要性。

关键词：词汇同现；词汇复现；完形填空；语义场
高考完形填空是测试学生综合运用语言能力的一种题型。

近三年来全国及各省高考英语试卷“完形填空”试题的命制，基本上遵循了“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路。

试题特点鲜明---“考查学生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况”，即要求考生通读短文，掌握文章大意，综合运用所学的词汇、语法等知识，从试题所提供的词汇、短语中判断出使短文意思通顺、结构完整的词汇或短语，在语篇中考查学生的语言知识灵活运用能力。

然而一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。

完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。

由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此，行文中词语的重复、替代、同现和复现现象是不可避免的。

根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中同现或复现的相关词，考生可以依据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。

本文将就词汇的同现与复现在完形填空中的作用和具体用法进行进一步的阐述。

一、词汇的同现
根据德国学者J.Trier的理论，“词可以在一个共同概念的支配下结合在一起形成一个语义场”。

语义场中词与词之间的语义关系是相互依存的。

意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链，因其共同出现的倾向性，叫词汇同现，也有人称之为“词场”。

同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如different 与same；cruel 与friendly ；death与destruction（毁灭）；ill，pale ，patient ，nurse，doctor和operation 等。

高考试题的命题中也渗透了这样的原则。

例如：
①I know that discs were very expensive and I really didn’t have a lot of _30__ to get started.(2011浙江)四个备选项为：money; time; energy; knowledge 很明显，能够和expensive 形成同一个语义场的词项是money.这种用法并非偶然，请看下例：
②He placed his large hand _36__ on his treasure and said, “I have 800 karaoke songs in here. You can take your pick and I will record them for you. That should get you started.”(2011浙江)四个备选项为：unhappily; lovingly; pitifully; gratefully 本题与treasure这个话题构成词汇链的词项为lovingly和gratefully。

配合上文动词place，决定这里的同现词为lovingly.问题迎刃而解。

再如：
③---I reminded them that they couldn’t open their presents __35__ every child had come forward.（2010浙江）四个备选项为：after; until; when; since 句中couldn’t中的否定词与until 同时出现，构成固定搭配not ---until---。

在高考完形填空中，学生在理解语篇的时候，如果能够把握住一篇文章中词汇的同现原则，并且善于捕捉这些同现词，就会更好更准确的理解文章的大意。

二、词汇的复现
以Chomsky为代表的语言学家认为词的复现取决于两点：一是语法规则；二是词汇的语义特征。

也就是同一语义场里的各个词的词义之间都有亲疏不等的联系。

语义场内的各个词义可以根据它们之间的相同，相近，相似，相反，相对，相属等聚合关系，构成不同类型
的聚合体。

即词汇的复现关系指的是某一个词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其它形式重复出现在语篇中。

(一)原词复现指的是一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词性变化如：
④The music had __52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup. (戏服和化妆)（2010年上海）四个备选项为：undergone; skipped; rejected; replaced. 本句四个备选项中undergone, rejected语法意义上都可以搭配，但是上文曾出现了这样一个句子，Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.一目了然，这道题是一个极为典型的原词复现的例句。

因此，根据原则，就会很容易地了解句意，从而理解文章大意。

(二)同义词、近义词的复现：同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。

做题时，考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。

如：
⑤For instance, Lloyd Webber __53___ some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.（2010年上海）四个备选项为：rewrote; released; recorded; reserved.本处如果不兼顾上下文，那么rewrote, recorded和reserved似乎都可以讲得通。

但是文章反复出现tryout和revise, 毫无疑问，本题答案为他们的近义词rewrote.
⑥when you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include __55___ ideas or newly discovered information.(2010年上海) 四个备选项为：fixed; ambitious; familiar; fresh.本句后半部分用并列连接词0r连接，且备选项fresh与newly discovered information 是同义表述，这样便会很容易地找到问题的答案。

(三)概括词的复现：这里的概括词指的是词的类概念。

而这种词在语言学中叫上义词。

如：animal是sheep, wolf, tiger等的上义词，也叫概括词。

这种情况在高考英语中也有出现。

如：
⑦Have I given my readers all of the __63___ that is, facts, opinions, inferences---that they need in order to understand my main idea?(2010上海) 四个备选项为：angles, evidence, information, hints.本题就可以利用此原则解答，空缺词应是能够概括信息传达fact, opinions, inference的词,因此应为information.
篇章理解对于学生来说不是一件轻松的事。

学生往往会背很多的单词，但是实际应用，尤其是做完形填空时，他们并不能顺畅地理解一篇文章。

英语的语篇在一定情况下总是通过不同的形式将词汇的种种关系呈现出来。

如果学生在解题的过程中，对语篇有较强的分析能力，并对词汇之间的关系有较清晰的概念，对解完形填空题一定会有极大的帮助的。

参考书目：
【1】陆国强.《现代英语词汇学》，上海外语教育出版社.1983
【2】戚雨村.《语言学引论》，上海外语教育出版社.1985
【3】何明.《应对完形只需五招》，广东教育（高中版）.2011
本文发表于《新课程导报》2012.6.25。