8.1 Existing Exposure Situation_Conrol of Foodstuffs and drinking water_Colgan
心理学名词——精选推荐
心理学名词1.从众（conformity）2.单纯曝光效果（mere exposure effect）3.模仿（modeling）4.跛足策略（self-handicapping）5.过度辩证效应（over justification effect）6.恋爱基模（love schema）7.习得无助（learned helplessness）关系8.睡眠效果（sleeper effect）9.破窗效（Broken Window Effect）10.联结与强化（linking vs. reinforcement）11.惩罚之前（before punishment）12.旁观者效应（bystander effect）13.消弱突现（extinction burst）14.自我实现预言（self-fulfilling prophecy）决定15.正义世界假说（a just world）16.自我评价维护理论（self-evaluation maintenance theory, SEM）17.自我中心偏误（egocentric bias）18.基本归因谬误（fundamental attribution error）19.印象的初始信息（primacy effect）20.虚假的一致（false consensus）21.服从（obedience）22.认知失调理论（cognitive dissonance theory）23.团体迷思（group thinking）心理学十大著名效应1.蝴蝶效应非线性，俗称“蝴蝶效应”。
什么是蝴蝶效应？先从美国麻省理工学院气象学家洛伦兹（Lorenz）的发现谈起。
为了预报天气，他用计算机求解仿真地球大气的13个方程式。
为了更细致地考察结果，他把一个中间解取出，提高精度再送回。
而当他喝了杯咖啡以后回来再看时竟大吃一惊：本来很小的差异，结果却偏离了十万八千里！计算机没有毛病，于是，洛伦兹（Lorenz）认定，他发现了新的现象：“对初始值的极端不稳定性”，即：“混沌”，又称“蝴蝶效应”，亚洲蝴蝶拍拍翅膀，将使美洲几个月后出现比狂风还厉害的龙卷风！蝴蝶效应是气象学家洛伦兹1963年提出来的。
Crafters Choice Cocamidopropyl Betaine产品说明书
Safety Data SheetCrafters Choice™ Cocamidopropyl BetaineDate of Issue: 03/30/2016Version: 1.0EN (English US) 1/71.1. Product IdentifierProduct Form: MixtureProduct Name: Crafters Choice™ Cocamidopropyl BetaineCAS No: 61789-40-0Synonyms: CAPB 1.2.Intended Use of the Product Use of the substance/mixture: Personal Care products1.3. Name, Address, and Telephone of the Responsible Party CompanyCrafter’s Choice Brands, LLC 7820 E. Pleasant Valley Road Independence, Ohio 44131 Phone: 1-800-908-7028 1.4. Emergency Telephone NumberEmergency Number(800) 255-3924 ChemTel Domestic USA, Canada, Puerto Rico, and USVl + (813) 248-0585 International SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1. Classification of the Substance or MixtureGHS-US classificationSkin Irrit. 2 H315Eye Irrit. 2AH319Aquatic Acute 1 H400Full text of hazard classes and H-statements : see section 162.2. Label ElementsGHS-US LabelingHazard Pictograms (GHS-US) : GHS07GHS09Signal Word (GHS-US): Warning Hazard Statements (GHS-US): H315 - Causes skin irritation H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life Precautionary Statements (GHS-US) : P264 - Wash exposed areas. thoroughly after handling.P273 - Avoid release to the environment.P280 - Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection.P302+P352 - If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.P305+P351+P338 - If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.P321 - Specific treatment (see section 4 on this SDS).P332+P313 - If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.P337+P313 - If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.P362+P364 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.P391 - Collect spillage.P501 - Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local, regional, national,and international regulations.2.3. Other HazardsOther Hazards Not Contributing to the Classification: Exposure may aggravate pre-existing eye, skin, or respiratory conditions.2.4. Unknown Acute Toxicity (GHS-US)No data available3.1. SubstanceNot applicable3.2. MixtureName Product Identifier % GHS-US classification Water (CAS No) 7732-18-5 69 - 71 Not classified1-Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-coco acyl derivatives, hydroxides, inner salts (CAS No) 61789-40-0 29 - 31 Skin Irrit. 2, H315Eye Irrit. 2A, H319Aquatic Acute 1, H400Full text of H-phrases: see section 164.1. Description of First Aid MeasuresFirst-aid Measures General: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If you feel unwell, seek medical advice (show the label where possible).First-aid Measures After Inhalation: When symptoms occur: go into open air and ventilate suspected area. Obtain medical attention if breathing difficulty persists.First-aid Measures After Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Drench affected area with water for at least 15 minutes. Obtain medical attention if irritation develops or persists.First-aid Measures After Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Obtain medical attention.First-aid Measures After Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Obtain medical attention.4.2. Most Important Symptoms and Effects, Both Acute and DelayedSymptoms/Injuries: Causes serious eye irritation. Causes skin irritation.Symptoms/Injuries After Inhalation: Not expected to present a significant inhalation hazard under anticipated conditions of normal use. Prolonged exposure may cause irritation.Symptoms/Injuries After Skin Contact: Redness, pain, swelling, itching, burning, dryness, and dermatitis.Symptoms/Injuries After Eye Contact: Contact causes severe irritation with redness and swelling of the conjunctiva. Symptoms/Injuries After Ingestion: If a large quantity has been ingested: May cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ingestion may cause adverse effects.4.3. Indication of Any Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment NeededIf medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. If exposed or concerned, get medical advice and attention.5.1. Extinguishing MediaSuitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog. Use extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding fire.Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use a heavy water stream. Use of heavy stream of water may spread fire.5.2. Special Hazards Arising From the Substance or MixtureFire Hazard: Not considered flammable but may burn at high temperatures.Explosion Hazard: Product is not explosive.Reactivity: Stable at ambient temperature and under normal conditions of use. Hazardous reactions will not occur under normal conditions.5.3. Advice for FirefightersPrecautionary Measures Fire: Exercise caution when fighting any chemical fire.Firefighting Instructions: Exercise caution when fighting any chemical fire. Use water spray or fog for cooling exposed containers.Protection During Firefighting: Do not enter fire area without proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection. Other Information: Do not allow run-off from fire fighting to enter drains or water courses.6.1. Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency ProceduresGeneral Measures: Avoid breathing (vapor, mist, spray). Avoid all contact with skin, eyes, or clothing.6.1.1. For Non-emergency PersonnelProtective Equipment: Use appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).Emergency Procedures: Evacuate unnecessary personnel.6.1.2. For Emergency RespondersProtective Equipment: Equip cleanup crew with proper protection.Emergency Procedures: Ventilate area. Upon arrival at the scene, a first responder is expected to recognize the presence of dangerous goods, protect oneself and the public, secure the area, and call for the assistance of trained personnel as soon as conditions permit.6.2. Environmental PrecautionsPrevent entry to sewers and public waters. Avoid release to the environment. Collect spillage.6.3. Methods and Material for Containment and Cleaning UpFor Containment: Absorb and/or contain spill with inert material, then place in suitable container. Contain any spills with dikes or absorbents to prevent migration and entry into sewers or streams.Methods for Cleaning Up: Clean up spills immediately and dispose of waste safely. Transfer spilled material to a suitable container for disposal. Contact competent authorities after a spill.6.4. Reference to Other SectionsSee heading 8, Exposure Controls and Personal Protection. See Section 13, Disposal Considerations.7.1. Precautions for Safe HandlingPrecautions for Safe Handling: Wash hands and other exposed areas with mild soap and water before eating, drinking or smoking and when leaving work. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, spray. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.Hygiene Measures: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety procedures.7.2. Conditions for Safe Storage, Including Any IncompatibilitiesTechnical Measures: Comply with applicable regulations.Storage Conditions: Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a dry, cool place. Keep/Store away from direct sunlight, extremely high or low temperatures and incompatible materials.Incompatible Products: Strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizers.Incompatible Materials: Sources of ignition. Direct sunlight.7.3. Specific End Use(s)Personal Care products8.1. Control ParametersFor substances listed in section 3 that are not listed here, there are no established exposure limits from the manufacturer, supplier, importer, or the appropriate advisory agency including: ACGIH (TLV), AIHA (WEEL), NIOSH (REL), or OSHA (PEL).8.2. Exposure ControlsAppropriate Engineering Controls : Emergency eye wash fountains and safety showers should be available in theimmediate vicinity of any potential exposure. Ensure adequate ventilation,especially in confined areas. Ensure all national/local regulations are observed. Personal Protective Equipment : Gloves. Safety glasses. Protective clothing. Protective goggles.Hand Protection : Wear protective gloves.Eye Protection : Chemical safety goggles.Skin and Body Protection : Wear suitable protective clothing.Respiratory Protection : In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. If exposure limits areexceeded or irritation is experienced, approved respiratory protection should beworn.Other Information: When using, do not eat, drink or smoke.9.1. Information on Basic Physical and Chemical PropertiesPhysical State : LiquidAppearance : Colorless to pale yellowOdor : Slight fattyOdor Threshold : No data availablepH : 4 - 6Relative Evaporation Rate (butylacetate=1) : No data availableMelting Point : < -10 °C (14 °F)Freezing Point : No data availableBoiling Point : > 100 °C (212 °F)Flash Point : > 100 °C (212 °F)Auto-ignition Temperature : No data availableDecomposition Temperature : No data availableFlammability (solid, gas) : No data availableVapor Pressure : No data availableRelative Vapor Density at 20 °C : No data availableRelative Density : No data availableSpecific Gravity : 1.045-1.065 @ 20°CSolubility : Water: SolublePartition Coefficient: N-Octanol/Water : 4.2 Log KowViscosity : < 100 cP 30°C (Brookfield, #1, 50 rpm)Explosive Properties : No data availableOxidizing Properties : No data availableExplosive Limits : Not applicable9.2. Other Information No additional information available10.1 Reactivity: Stable at ambient temperature and under normal conditions of use. Hazardous reactions will not occur under normal conditions.10.2 Chemical Stability: Product is stable.10.3 Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Hazardous polymerization will not occur.10.4 Conditions to Avoid: Direct sunlight, extremely high or low temperatures, and incompatible materials.10.5 Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizers.10.6 Hazardous Decomposition Products: Under fire conditions this material may produce hazardous carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), various low molecular weight hydrocarbons, and smoke.11.1. Information On Toxicological EffectsAcute Toxicity : Not classifiedCocoamidopropyl Betaine (61789-40-0)1-Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-coco acyl derivatives, hydroxides, inner salts (61789-40-0) LD50 Oral Rat 4900 mg/kgSkin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes skin irritation.pH: 4 - 6Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes serious eye irritation.pH: 4 - 6Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: Not classifiedGerm Cell Mutagenicity: Not classifiedCarcinogenicity: Not classifiedCocoamidopropyl Betaine (61789-40-0)Reproductive Toxicity: Not classifiedSpecific Target Organ Toxicity (Single Exposure): Not classifiedCocoamidopropyl Betaine (61789-40-0)Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Repeated Exposure): Not classifiedAspiration Hazard: Not classifiedPotential Adverse Human Health Effects and Symptoms: Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met. Symptoms/Injuries After Inhalation: Not expected to present a significant inhalation hazard under anticipated conditions of normal use. Prolonged exposure may cause irritation.Symptoms/Injuries After Skin Contact: Redness, pain, swelling, itching, burning, dryness, and dermatitis.Symptoms/Injuries After Eye Contact: Contact causes severe irritation with redness and swelling of the conjunctiva. Symptoms/Injuries After Ingestion: If a large quantity has been ingested: May cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ingestion may cause adverse effects.12.1. ToxicityEcology - General : Very toxic to aquatic life.Cocoamidopropyl Betaine (61789-40-0)1-Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-coco acyl derivatives, hydroxides, inner salts (61789-40-0) LC50 Fish 1 1 (1 - 10) mg/l (Exposure time: 96 h - Species: Brachydanio rerio)EC50 Daphnia 1 6.5 mg/l (Exposure time: 48 h - Species: Daphnia magna)EC50 Other Aquatic Organisms 1 1 (1 - 10) mg/l (Exposure time: 72 h - Species: Desmodesmus subspicatus)LC 50 Fish 2 2 mg/l (Exposure time: 96 h - Species: Brachydanio rerio [semi-static])12.2. Persistence and DegradabilityCocoamidopropyl Betaine (61789-40-0)Persistence and Degradability Not established.12.3. Bioaccumulative PotentialCocoamidopropyl Betaine (61789-40-0)Bioaccumulative Potential Not established.12.4. Mobility in Soil1-Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-coco acyl derivatives, hydroxides, inner salts (61789-40-0) Log Koc 2.812.5. Other Adverse EffectsOther Information : Avoid release to the environment.13.1. Waste treatment methodsWaste Disposal Recommendations: Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local, regional, national, and international regulations.Additional Information: Container may remain hazardous when empty. Continue to observe all precautions.Ecology – Waste Materials: Avoid release to the environment. This material is hazardous to the aquatic environment. Keep out of sewers and waterways.In Accordance With ICAO/IATA/IMDG/DOT14.1. UN NumberUN-No.(DOT) : 3082DOT NA no. UN308214.2. UN Proper Shipping NameProper Shipping Name (DOT) : Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s.Class (DOT) : 9 - Class 9 - Miscellaneous hazardous material 49 CFR 173.140Hazard Labels (DOT) : 9 - Class 9 (Miscellaneous dangerous materials)DOT Symbols : G - Identifies PSN requiring a technical namePacking Group (DOT) : III - Minor DangerDOT Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.102) : 8 - A hazardous substance that is not a hazardous waste may be shipped under theshipping description “Other regulated substances, liquid or solid, n.o.s.”, asappropriate. In addition, for solid materials, special provision B54 applies146 - This description may be used for a material that poses a hazard to theenvironment but does not meet the definition for a hazardous waste or ahazardous substance, as defined in 171.8 of this subchapter, or any hazard class asdefined in Part 173 of this subchapter, if it is designated as environmentallyhazardous by the Competent Authority of the country of origin, transit ordestination173 - An appropriate generic entry may be used for this material335 - Mixtures of solids that are not subject to this subchapter andenvironmentally hazardous liquids or solids may be classified as “Environmentallyhazardous substances, solid, n.o.s,” UN3077 and may be transported under thisentry, provided there is no free liquid visible at the time the material is loaded orat the time the packaging or transport unit is closed. Each transport unit must beleak-proof when used as bulk packagingIB3 - Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2);Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). AdditionalRequirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at50 C (1.1 bar at 122 F), or 130 kPa at 55 C (1.3 bar at 131 F) are authorized, exceptfor UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 2 for UN2672)T4 - 2.65 178.274(d)(2) Normal............. 178.275(d)(3)TP1 - The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of fillingdetermined by the following: Degree of filling = 97 / (1 + a (tr - tf)) Where: tr is themaximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature indegrees celsius of the liquid during fillingTP29 - A portable tank having a minimum test pressure of 1.5 bar (150.0 kPa) maybe used provided the calculated test pressure is 1.5 bar or less based on theMAWP of the hazardous materials, as defined in 178.275 of this subchapter, wherethe test pressure is 1.5 times the MAWP: 155DOT Packaging Exceptions (49 CFR173.xxx): 203DOT Packaging Non Bulk (49 CFR173.xxx)DOT Packaging Bulk (49 CFR 173.xxx) : 24114.3. Additional Information: 171Emergency Response Guide (ERG)NumberOther information : No supplementary information available.Transport by SeaDOT Vessel Stowage Location : A - The material may be stowed ‘‘on deck’’ or ‘‘under deck’’ on a cargo vessel andon a passenger vesselEmS-No. (1) : F-AEmS-No. (2) : S-FAir Transport: No limitDOT Quantity Limitations PassengerAircraft/Rail (49 CFR 173.27)DOT Quantity Limitations Cargo Aircraft: No limitOnly (49 CFR 175.75)15.1 US Federal RegulationsCocoamidopropyl Betaine (61789-40-0)SARA Section 311/312 Hazard Classes Immediate (acute) health hazard1-Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-coco acyl derivatives, hydroxides, inner salts (61789-40-0) Listed on the United States TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) inventoryWater (7732-18-5)Listed on the United States TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) inventory15.2 US State Regulations Neither this product nor its chemical components appear on any US state lists.Other Information : This document has been prepared in accordance with the SDSrequirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR1910.1200.GHS Full Text Phrases:Aquatic Acute 1 Hazardous to the aquatic environment - Acute Hazard Category 1 Eye Irrit. 2A Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2ASkin Irrit. 2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2H315 Causes skin irritationH319 Causes serious eye irritationH400 Very toxic to aquatic lifeThe data herein are based on our current knowledge and believed to be reliable. Crafter's Choice Brands, LLC, provides this information without any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, regarding its accuracy or correctness.Users must make their own determination that handling, storage, use and disposal of the product in the anticipated manner is safe and appropriate. Because these actions of the user are out of our control, and may be beyond our knowledge, we do not assume responsibility and expressly disclaim liability for loss, damage, expense or any other claim arising out of or in any way connected with the handling, storage, use or disposal of the product or container.。
UF-SERIES 内联热水器操作与维护手册说明书
UF-SERIESINLINE FLUIDHEATEROperation / MaintenanceManualSERIAL NUMBER:CONTENTS1INTRODUCTION (3)1.1INTENDED USE, APPLICATION AND DESCRIPTION (4)1.2 HEATER SIZING (5)2SAFETY (6)2.1SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (6)2.1.a General Safety (6)2.2SAFETY MESSAGE CONVENTIONS (7)2.2.a Caution (7)2.2.b Warning (7)2.2.c Danger (7)2.3HEATER INTERLOCKS (8)2.3.a Element Over-Temperature Protection (8)2.3.b Controller Over-Current Protection (8)3INSTALLATION (9)3.1UTILITY REQUIREMENTS (9)3.2UNPACKING (9)3.3ORIENTATION (9)3.4WORKING FLUID CONNECTIONS (11)3.4.a Inlet & Outlet (11)3.5ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS (11)4OPERATION (12)4.1GENERAL (12)4.2WORKING FLUID START-UP (12)4.3TEMPERATURE CONTROL (12)4.3.a Ethernet Interface (13)4.3.b Modbus Communication (14)4.4SHUT DOWN (15)5MAINTENANCE (16)5.1SPARE PARTS (16)5.2PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE (16)5.3REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT INSTRUCTIONS (16)5.3.a Heater Replacement (16)5.3.b Heater Decommissioning (16)5.3.c Heater Disposal (16)6TROUBLESHOOTING (17)6.1IRREGULAR TEMPERATURE CONTROL (17)6.2HEATER ELEMENT CHECK (17)6.3INTERLOCK SENSORS (18)7WIRING SCHEMATIC (19)8OPTIONS (20)8.1OPTIONAL WORKING FLUID CONNECTION FITTINGS: (20)8.2LEAK SENSOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER (20)9WARRANTY AND EXCLUSIONS (21)10CONTACT INFORMATION (22)10.1 GENERAL CONTACT INFORMATION (22)10.2TECHNICAL SUPPORT (22)10.3REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES (22)1 INTRODUCTIONUF-Series Inline Chemical Heater - The Smart Choice!Trebor’s UF-Series inline chemical heater provides the ultra-high purity requirements, and reliability.The UF-Series heater’s flow path is smooth, free of particle traps and constructed entirely of PFA, making it compatible with all non-combustible chemistries.Simplicity and flexibility are key elements of the UF-Series heater.Features•The h eater’s flexible design simplifies installation•Flexible design allows for installation at your Point of Use (PoU)•Heater replaces an existing fluid path PFA liquid path•No metal contamination risk•No particle traps•Small thermal mass for fast response•SEMI S2, S8, and CE compliantPerformance Summary1.1 INTENDED USE, APPLICATION AND DESCRIPTIONThe UF-Series heater is designed to safely heat gases and liquids includingacids, DI water, and other noncombustible solutions up to 120°C. The UF-Seriesheater is not intended for use with combustible or flammable chemistries, suchas solvents.This manual only covers the Trebor UF-Series heater and heater accessoriesprovided by Trebor. The user is responsible all necessary connections requiredto safely operate the heater (see Sections 4.3 and 7)The Trebor UF-Series heater is not to be used for proposes other than that forwhich it is designed. The heater and optional components are to be used onlywith gases and liquids and within the parameters stated within this manual. Thismanual assumes personnel are familiar with the installation, operation andmaintenance requirements of chemical heaters.The UF-Series heater is intended for use by properly trained personnel. Readand understand this manual prior to installation and/or operation of the heater.Do not use this equipment until familiar with its operation and safety features.1.2 HEATER SIZINGIn order to maximize efficiency and the life of the heater, it is best to maximizeflow through the heater.Use Figure 1-1, or the formula below, to determine the required heater(s) size for the application.NOTE: Figure 1-1 shows approximate max temperature change in water.Figure 1-1Sizing Formula: 69.8 ×LPM × ∆°C =W RequiredConversions:LPM =GPM×3.78∆°C =5×(∆°F−32)2.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONSThis section provides important information for safe operation of the UF-Seriesheater.The equipment described in this manual uses hazardous voltage that can bedangerous. Local policies and procedures for safely operating any Treborchemical heater(s) supersede the safety considerations listed below. It is theresponsibility of all personnel to follow such policies and procedures. All safetyguard devices must be in place when equipment is in operation. Operators, set-up operators, helpers or installation personnel should not alter, remove or disableany safety devices or equipment.If the inline heater is used in a manner other than stated in this operation manual,the protection provided by the design of the heater may be impaired.2.1.a General Safety•There are no serviceable parts inside the heater assembly; never open or disassemble. Attempting to do so will void the product warranty.•Do not attempt to work on, or with, hazardous chemicals or electrical equipment without proper safety training and certification, and anunderstanding of first aid for electrical shock and hazardous chemicals spillsor exposure.•Lockout and tag the electrical and chemical systems prior to installation or replacement. Refer to company safety policies and procedures prior toinstallation or replacement.•Always disengage the heater and optional equipment from electrical sources prior to installation or replacement.•Always refer to company safety policies and procedures for flushing and decontamination prior to removal.2.2 SAFETY MESSAGE CONVENTIONS2.2.a CautionA Caution message indicates a potentiallyhazardous situation, which, if not avoided,could result in minor or moderate injury. Itmay also be used to alert against unsafepractices. A typical Caution message:2.2.b WarningA Warning message indicates a potentiallyhazardous situation that, if not avoided,could result in serious injury. A typicalexample of a Warning message: WarningHazardous Voltage2.2.c DangerA Danger message indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, ifnot avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Messages identified bythe word Danger are used sparingly and only for those situationspresenting the most serious hazards.Caution Corrosive Chemical2.3 HEATER INTERLOCKS2.3.a Element Over-Temperature ProtectionThe Trebor UF-Series heater is supplied with two temperature sensorslocated on the heater element to provide both improved accuracy as wellas redundancy. The element temperature sensors are used with internalcontrols to ensure the element temperature does not exceed 160°C.Additionally, two non-resettable thermal fuses are placed in line of thesupply voltage designed to cutout at 216°C. If the element temperatureexceeds 216°C the thermal fuse will permanently disable power from theheating element. This protects a potentially damaged heater from beingused continually.2.3.b Controller Over-Current ProtectionThe Trebor UF-Series heater controller is supplied with an onboardcurrent monitor. This circuit is designed to extend the heater’s life bypreventing current surge during periods of rapid temperature changes. Ifsystem amperage exceeds the preprogramed limit, the current monitorwill remove power from the element until current levels return to normaloperating ranges. While engaged, the controller will display a RED LEDuntil the current level is stabilized. The contr oller’s PID loop willautomatically re-engage and continue temperature control.Ensure that all heater interlock and safety devices are functional prior tooperation (refer to Section 2, Safety Requirements). Before starting the system,it is important to read and understand Section 4, Operation. Only trained,qualified, authorized personnel should operate this heater.3.1 UTILITY REQUIREMENTSSystem Power: 700W 208 VAC 50/60 Hz, 1 Phase, 6 Amp ServiceMaximum Pressure: 2,1 Bar (30psig)Heater Weight: 2.2 Kg (4.9lbs) dry (approximate)3.2 UNPACKINGThe system should be checked for any damage that may have occurred duringshipment. Damage should be reported to the carrier immediately.The following items should be contained within the shipping container:QTY. DESCRIPTION1 UF-Series Heater / Optional Accessories1 Operation / Maintenance Manual3.3 ORIENTATIONThe heater must be positioned with the heated tube inclined upward at aminimum of 1° from horizontal. This prevents hot working fluid from accumulatingon the heated surface of the tube. Horizontal or declining fluid path mounting willreduce heater life and void warranty. The heater control box can be mountedhorizontally or vertically; however, the heated portion of the tube must beinstalled on an incline and supported every 30-35cm (12-14in). This insures thatduring heater operation, the PFA heated tube does not sag or loose shape.Four, #10, countersunk mounting holes are provided to fixture the box to a wall orsurface. The #10 bolts should be at least 2” long. See Figure 3-1.If possible, mount the heater with the status indicator visible.Liquid versions must have the Liquid Leak Detection probe mounted with thecable going up. The probe should be clipped onto the corrugated tube cover 1”from the fitting as shown in Figure 3-1. Refer to the install guide that comes withthe sensor for more information.Figure 3-1: Orientation and Mounting Locations3.4 WORKING FLUID CONNECTIONS3.4.a Inlet & Outlet•Attach the inlet and outlet working fluid connections following the fitting manufacturer’s procedures.•Verify flow direction. Flow must always follow the direction shown or the heater will fail.•For liquid working fluids, TREBOR recommends operating the heater with DI water for two or more thermal cycles to visually inspect for leaks priorto heating chemicals.•Trebor recommends that any working fluid shutoff or isolation valve be installed prior (upstream) of the heater’s fluid inlet connection. Thisprevents the heater from experiencing excessive pressure cycles if adownstream discharge valve is closed and the element is at temperature.3.5 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONSConnection of electrical power hook-ups and communication lines are requiredbetween the heater control system and main tool control system. See Section 7for wiring schematics.15FT PVC cables are included. User specific cable can be used if the cable isUL listed, 300V rated or higher cable (18AWG – 14AWG).Remove bottom cover and install wiring per schematic in Section 7.Standalone heaters should be wired per schematic in Section 7.4.1 GENERALEnsure that all heater interlock and safety devices are functional prior tooperation (refer to Section 2, Safety Requirements).The UF-Series heater is designed to heat liquid or gas in either single pass (trim)or recirculation applications up to 120°C.While it is recommended to keep some flow and pressure while the heater isheating, it is not required.4.2 WORKING FLUID START-UP•Ensure that plumbing is secure.•Turn “On” the working fluid supply.•Check for leaks in the system plumbing.•Allow the working fluid to run through the system approximately 2 minutes prior to energizing the heater.4.3 TEMPERATURE CONTROLAn external communication interface is required for changing temperature setpoints of the UF-Series heater; see Fig.4-1 for a typical control set up.Everything shown in red is part of the UF Heater (with controller, standalone unitsdo not have the control box), blue is supplied by the user. The user’s system willneed to control the set point for the element of the heater as needed throughModbus communication. The element set point can then be changed to adjustfluid temperature at the outlet dispense point or bath temperature. Operationalsettings and parameters are to be determined by the user within the limits of theheater. If using a standalone heater, the control system is to be supplied by theuser and shall follow the same control setup.The control scheme must be set up to limit the output of the heater if flow isstopped or working fluid is not present, see Section 2.3.a.The main circuit breaker must be in close proximity to the equipment and withineasy reach of the operator. It also must be marked as the disconnecting devicefor the heater. The circuit breaker should be sized according to the breakermanufacturer’s specification (generally this is max current draw +25%) and theheater size shown in Sec. 3.1.RED UFP HEATERBLUE USER SUPPLIEDFigure 4-14.3.a Ethernet InterfaceThe heater can be operated over an Ethernet network using eitherModbus TCP or a proprietary software interface. A remote connectionover Ethernet can turn the heater on and off, change the set point, andcheck the operation and the alarm status.The IP address can be changed if required by setting the IP addressregisters. Contact the factory if changing the IP address is required.ATTENTION: If unfamiliar with IP addressing, do not attempt to changeIP settings of the heater.The heater ships with an IP address already assigned to the controller.For Modbus TCP communication the default address will be172.16.17.1xx. The xx are the last two digits of the heater serialnumber found on the nameplate of the heaterPLEASE NOTE: communication may be lost when changing the IPaddress. Once lost, the new IP address must be known orcommunication cannot be restored.4.3.b Modbus CommunicationUF-Series heaters can communicate on both Modbus/TCP.Modbus/TCP communication is included in all UF-Series heaters;Modbus/ASCII communication is available by request. Using Modbuscommunication, UF-Series heaters can be turned on and off remotely, the set point can be changed, and the operation status and alarmsstatus can be monitored.Table 1 below contains the name, address, type, data type, size, andread/write permission for each register.Note that the interface to the UF-Series heater is composed ofModbus registers only. The function 03 (read holding registers) andfunction 06/16 (write single register/write multiple registers) are theonly Modbus functions that will be needed.All of the Boolean data type registers are false when they contain thevalue 0 and true when they contain a 1. When writing to Booleanregisters, false is represented by the value 0 and true is representedby the value 1.The ‘short’ data type registers are in 100ths of units. For example,when the set point is intended to be 25.0°C, the value would read2500.For more information regarding Modbus communication please visit:.Example:Serial ASCII Modbus - :01 03 AF DC 00 04 6D CR LFTCP/IP Modbus Payload –00 01 00 00 00 06 01 03 AF DC 00 04Serial Communication Settings:•Baud Rate: 115200•Data Bits: 8•Stop Bits: 1•Parity: None4.4 SHUT DOWNThe following procedure should be used to safely shut down the heater:•Cut-off power to the heater.•Allow liquid to pass through the heater for at least 5 minutes or until the outlet temperature drops below 50°C.Note: The user is responsible for providing an EMO circuit to interlock their entiresystem. This device can also be used to disengage heater power.5.1 SPARE PARTSThere are no spare parts for the UF-Series heater.5.2 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULEThe UF-Series heater requires no preventive maintenance.5.3 REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT INSTRUCTIONS5.3.a Heater ReplacementThe UF heater has been designed for quick replacement to minimizedowntime and field service requirements. To replace a heater, use thefollowing procedures:•Shut down per Section 4.4.•Turn power off to system (electrical and working fluid).•Follow appropriate LOTO procedures specific to your company andlocal regulatory agency.•Drain working fluid from heater housing (if present).•Flush and/or decontaminate per company policy.•Disconnect the electrical connection and interlocks to the heater.•Drain working fluid from the heater (if present).•Disconnect the working fluid inlet/outlet connections.•Remove heater assembly.•Install replacement heater per Section 3.•Start-up per Section 4.2.•Contact Trebor or a factory authorized representative for returnprocedures, if required.5.3.b Heater DecommissioningHeater assemblies removed from service, decommissioned, ordismantled should follow the steps outlines in Section 5.3.a for removingthe heater assembly.5.3.c Heater DisposalDisposal of heaters is to be per company policy. Residual housingchemistry can be drained per the heater housing drain port located on theinlet side of the heater. All drained chemistry is to be disposed of percompany policy.The following is an outline of routine troubleshooting techniques. For conditionsnot covered in this section consult Trebor or a factory authorized representative.6.1 IRREGULAR TEMPERATURE CONTROL6.2 HEATER ELEMENT CHECKLockout and Tagout power to the heater. Disconnect the heater power electricalconnections and measure the resistance between power wires at E4 and E5.Resistance should be approximately the value listed in Table 6-1.6.3 INTERLOCK SENSORS•UF-Series Heater Wiring Schematic:Figure 7-1 – Ethernet TCP/IP Modbus Wiring SchematicFigure 7-2 – Serial ASCII Modbus Wiring SchematicFigure 7-3 – Standalone Heater wiring Schematic8.1 OPTIONAL WORKING FLUID CONNECTION FITTINGS:•¼” Super 300 Pillar®•¼” FlareSuper 300 Type Pillar® is a registered trademark of Nippon Pillar Packing Co. LTD 8.2 LEAK SENSOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER•Fiber Optic Amplifier(Contact factory for additional information)See the Trebor Standard Limited Warranty:/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/TREBORSTANDARDLIMITEDWARRANRY.PDF10.1 GENERAL CONTACT INFORMATIONWeb: Phone Number: (801) 561-0303Toll Free Number: (800) 669-1303Fax Number: (801) 255-2312Email: ***********************************************Address: Trebor International8100 South Temple DriveWest Jordan, Utah 84088 U.S.A.10.2 TECHNICAL SUPPORTEmail: **************************Phone Number: (801) 244-615610.3 REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVESWeb: 。
核与放射卫生应急准备与响应通用标准2023年
核与放射卫生应急准备与响应通用标准1范围本标准规定了核与放射卫生应急中控制公众受照的应急行动水平与响应行动、控制应急工作人员受照的指导值、事故应急中的医学响应行动、事故照射人员的医学处理原则和事故应急中的操作准则。
本标准适用于核与放射事故应急准备与响应、事故照射人员的医学处理。
本标准不适用于非电离辐射的应急响应。
2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本标准必不可少的条款。
其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本标准；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本标准。
GB/T 16148 放射性核素摄入量及内照射剂量估算规范GB/T 18199 外照射事故受照人员的医学处理和治疗方案GB/T 28236染色体畸变估算生物剂量方法GBZ 96 内照射放射病诊断标准GBZ 102 放冲复合伤诊断标准GBZ 103 放烧复合伤诊断标准GBZ 104 职业性外照射急性放射病诊断GBZ 106 职业性放射性皮肤疾病诊断GBZ 129 职业性内照射个人监测规范GBZ/T 163 职业性外照射急性放射病的远期效应医学随访规范GBZ 166 职业性皮肤放射性污染个人监测规范GBZ 215 过量照射人员医学检查与处理原则GBZ/T 216人体体表放射性核素污染处理规范GBZ/T 217 外照射急性放射病护理规范GBZ/T 244 电离辐射所致皮肤剂量估算方法GBZ/T 255 核和辐射事故伤员分类方法和标识GBZ/T 261 外照射辐射事故中受照人员器官剂量重建规范GBZ/T 262 核和辐射突发事件心理救助导则GBZ/T 301 电离辐射所致眼晶状体剂量估算方法WS/T 467 核和辐射事故医学响应程序WS/T 583 放射性核素内污染人员医学处理规范3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本标准。
3.1核事故nuclear accident核电厂或其他核设施因操作失误或设备故障等原因发生的任何意外事件。
消费者行为学第8章
有意避开广告是一种全球性的现象，不仅存在于电视广告，还 包括广播、网络、杂志和报纸等媒体广告。
避开广告的行为在具有繁忙的生活方式、高社会阶层、男性和 年轻的消费群体中尤其显著。 在中国，随着广告的新鲜度和产品多样化逐渐减退，人们越来 越多地避开广告。更极端的一些剧院，在放映电影之前播放广 告。人们甚至从网站下载专门的软件杜绝网络的弹出式广告。 很多公司别出心裁的将产品放在娱乐性媒体如电影中，被称为 产品置入式营销。
These processes occur virtually simultaneously and are clearly interactive. 知觉及记忆两者都带有选择性。在众多存 在的信息中，展露给个体的只是很少的一 部分，其中又只有极小一部分得到关注并 被传递到大脑进行处理。刺激物被赋予的 意思不仅由刺激物本身决定，而且因个体 不同而不同。当个体需要做出购买决定时， 这些已经被大脑处理和解释过的信息，绝 大部分并不处于激活状态。
消费者决策过程 中的信息处理
展露、注意、解释三个阶段构成了知觉过程。知觉是从消费者 展露并注意到某个营销刺激到对刺激加以解释的整个过程。
Perception consists of the first three steps or stages of information processing: exposure, attention, and interpretation.
第八章 PERCEPTION 知觉
8.1知觉的性质 The Nature of Perception 信息处理时刺激物 被知觉，转化成信 息并被存贮的一系 列活动。
Information processing is a series of activities by which stimuli are perceived, transformed into information, and stored.
PeproTech人重组IL-13变种说明书
Title: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 1 of 51.0 PRODUCT AND COMPANY INFORMATION1.1Product name:Recombinant Human IL-13 Variant1.2 Catalog # / Part number:200-13A1.3 Manufacturer / Supplier:PeproTech, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific5 Cedarbrook DriveCranbury, NJ 08512Phone: 800-436-9910 / 609-497-0253Fax: 609-497-0321Information:1.4 EmergencyPlease call PeproTech at 609-497-0253EMERGENCY HEALTH INFORMATION:800-424-8802 National Response CenterPeproTech EC, Part of Thermo Fisher ScientificPeproTech House29 Margravine RoadLondon W6 8LLUKPhone: +44 (0)20 7610 3062PeproTech Asia, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific12 Hamada StreetTamar BuildingRehovot 76703IsraelPhone: +972 (0) 8 946 09481.5 Application of the substance or mixture: Not for human use.1.6 Other product information: This product has not been registered with CHEMTREC (USA)2.0 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1 Classification of substance or mixture: Not a hazardous substance or mixture.2.2 GHS classification: Does not meet the classification criteria of the EC Directives 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC or 1272/20082.3 GHS labeling: Does not need to be labeled in accordance with EC directives or respective national laws.2.4 Special hazards: NoneTitle: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 2 of 53.0 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS3.1Ingredients: This product does not contain any hazardous substances at concentrations of 1% or greater.This product is not known to contain carcinogens at a concentration of 0.1% or greater. No MSDS isrequired.4.0 FIRST AID MEASURES4.1 Description of first aid measures:Eye contact: May cause eye irritation. Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Then get immediate medical attention.Skin contact: May cause skin irritation. Immediately flush with plenty of water.Inhalation: No recognized inhalation hazard. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If breathing becomes difficult, call a physician.Ingestion: No recognized ingestion hazard. If swallowed, drink plenty of water. Get immediate medicalattention.5.0 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES5.1 Classification of substance or mixture: The product is non-flammable.5.2 Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.5.3 Protective equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.6.0 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES6.1 Personal precautions: Use eye protection, gloves, and apron. Implement appropriate precautions tominimize direct contact with skin or eyes and prevent inhalation of dust.6.2 Methods for clean up: Sweep up, place in bag and hold for disposal. Ventilate area and wash site aftermaterial is picked up.7.0 HANDLING AND STORAGE7.1 Handling: Avoid inhalation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.7.2 Storage: Keep tightly closed. Store at -20o C until use.7.3Additional information: See product data sheet for more information on handling and storage.8.0 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION8.1 Controlparameters: Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.controls: Ensure adequate ventilation. Use appropriate personal protective work clothing. 8.2 EngineeringTitle: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022 SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 3 of 5precautions:8.3 PersonalEye: Wear appropriate eye protection.Skin: Wear clothing and gloves that cannot be penetrated by chemicals or oil.Inhalation: Respiratory equipment is not required.9.0 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES9.1 Description of chemical and physical properties:Appearance: Solid; white powder or thin/invisible filmOdor: NonepH: Not availableVapor pressure: Not availableVapor density: Not availableBoiling point: Not availableMelting/freezing point: Not availableFlash point UEL/LEL: None establishedEvaporation rate: UndeterminedFlammability: Non-flammable materialSolubility: Not availableSpecific gravity (water = 1): Not availableVolatile %: Not availableWater content: Not availableDecomposition Temperature: Not availableAutoignition Temperature: None establishedVOC content: Not availableViscosity: Not available10.0 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY10.1 Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.10.2 Conditions to avoid: Heat and moisture10.3 Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents10.4 Hazardousdecomposition: None determinedpolymerization: Does not spontaneously polymerize10.5 HazardousTitle: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022 SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 4 of 511.0 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION11.1 Potential health effects:Eye contact: May cause eye irritation.Skin contact: May cause skin irritation.Inhalation: May be harmful if inhaled. May be irritating to mucous membranes.Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed.Carcinogenicity: NoneReproductive toxicity: NoneMutagenicity: NoneSensitization: None12.0 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION12.1 Ecotoxicity: Undetermined12.2 Biodegradability: Undetermined12.3 Mobility: Undetermined12.4 Bioaccumulation: Undetermined13.0 DISPOSAL INFORMATION13.1 Disposal method: Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensedprofessional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.14.0 TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION14.1 Transport information:DOT Hazard class: Non-hazardous for transport.IATA Hazard class: Non-hazardous for transport.IMDG Hazard class: Non-hazardous for transport.15.0 REGULATORY INFORMATION15.1 US Federal and State Regulations:CERCLA Sections 102a/103 Hazardous Substances (40 CFR Part 302.4): This product is notreportable under 40 CFR Part 302.4.Title: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 5 of 5SARA Title III Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances (40 CFR Part 355): This product is notregulated under Section 302 of SARA and 40 CFR Part 355.SARA Title III Sections 311/312 Hazardous Categorization (40 CFR Part 370): This product is notdefined as hazardous by OSHA under 29 CFR Part 1910.1200(d).SARA Title III Section 313 (40 CFR Part 372): This product does not contain any of the substances on the Toxic Chemicals List in 40 CFR Part 372.US Inventory/TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act): Not listed on inventoryOSHA Hazard Communication Standard: Non-hazardousCalifornia Proposition 65: Not listed on California’s listing of known or potential carcinogens.15.2 AdditionalRegulations:WHMIS Controlled Product Classification: This product has been classified in accordance with thehazard criteria of the CPR, and the MSDS contains all the information required by the CPR.EC Inventory (EINECS/ELINCS): Not determinedJapan Inventory (MITI): Not determinedAustralia Inventory (AICS): Not determinedKorea Inventory (ECL): Not determinedCanada Inventory (DSL): Not determinedPhilippine Inventory (PICCS): Not determined16.0 OTHER INFORMATIONNot for human use.16.1 Disclaimer:16.2 Note to reader: This SDS and the information it contains is offered in good faith as accurate and complete.We have reviewed any information contained in this SDS which we received from sources outside ourcompany. We believe that information to be correct, but cannot guarantee its accuracy or completeness.Health and safety precautions in this safety data sheet may not be adequate for all individuals and/orsituations. It is the user's obligation to evaluate and use this product safely and to comply with allapplicable laws and regulations. No statement made in this safety data sheet shall be construed as apermission or recommendation for the use of any product in a manner that might infringe existing patents.No warranty is made, either expressed or implied.。
青少年是否应该当志愿者英语作文
青少年是否应该当志愿者英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Should Teenagers Volunteer? A Balanced PerspectiveAs a high school student, I've often been encouraged by teachers, parents, and community leaders to get involved in volunteering. While I can see some clear benefits of volunteering for teenagers like myself, I also think there are potential downsides that are worth considering. In this essay, I'll aim to look at the pros and cons in a balanced way.On the plus side, volunteering can provide valuable experiences and skills that aren't always learned in the classroom or at a part-time job. Through volunteering, you get hands-on experience in a variety of settings, from hospitals and nursing homes to environmental clean-ups, soup kitchens, tutoring programs, and everything in between. This exposure can help shape your interests and passions while allowing you to explore different career paths.Volunteering is also a great way to develop crucial soft skills that will be assets in the working world, such as communication,teamwork, problem-solving, and leadership abilities. For example, if you volunteer at an animal shelter, you may need to collaborate with other volunteers to care for the animals, communicate clearly with staff and visitors, troubleshoot situations that arise, and potentially take a leadership role in overseeing projects or activities. These types of experiences can make you a more well-rounded, capable individual.From a personal growth perspective, many volunteers gain an increased sense of self-confidence, self-esteem, and sense of purpose as they make a positive impact in their community. There's a fulfilling feeling that comes from donating your time and energy to help others and contribute to causes you care about. It can be very gratifying and provide perspective that academics alone cannot offer.Volunteering also allows you to meet new people from diverse backgrounds and build relationships with individuals you may not cross paths with otherwise. This can expose you to new viewpoints, cultures, and life experiences that can broaden your understanding of the world. The connections you make through volunteering can lead to networking opportunities, mentor relationships, and potential career paths down the road.Despite these upsides, there are also reasons why teenagers may be hesitant about volunteering. One of the biggest factors is the time commitment involved. Between school, extracurriculars, part-time jobs, family obligations, and just being a teenager, it can be really tough to carve out time for regular volunteering. This added responsibility and time strain can increase stress levels during an already complicated stage of life.There are also costs associated with volunteering that often get overlooked, such as transportation costs to get to and from volunteering sites. For teenagers without driver's licenses who rely on parents, siblings or public transit, these logistics can make volunteering less accessible. Additionally, some volunteering roles may require specific training, certifications or clearances that can create extra hoops to jump through.Another factor to consider is that not all volunteering experiences are equally rewarding or meaningful. If the role is monotonous, doesn't allow you to use your skills and interests, or the organization is poorly managed, it can lead to frustration, disillusionment and a sense that your time wasn't well spent. Negative experiences can then make you jaded about the whole concept of volunteering.Finally, there's the reality that colleges and employers now often expect to see volunteering on applications for admission or hiring. This can put awkward pressure on teenagers to volunteer not out of intrinsic passion, but just to check a box and build their resume. When volunteering feels like an obligation rather than a choice, it can detract from the inherent spirit of service.So where does this leave us in determining if teenagers should volunteer? In my opinion, there's no definitive right or wrong answer - it depends on each individual's circumstances, priorities and interests. For those with the time, financial resources, and desire to donate their efforts to meaningful causes, volunteering can be an incredible experience withlong-lasting benefits. The key is to find the right fit and opportunities that align with your goals and values.However, for teenagers stretched too thin with existing commitments, those facing financial barriers, or those simply not feeling drawn to volunteer, there shouldn't be excessive pressure or guilt. Volunteering should be a choice, not an obligation or requirement for teenagers. There are plenty of other ways to develop critical skills, explore interests, and make positive contributions.Ultimately, the decision on whether to volunteer as a teenager should be a personal one based on careful consideration of the pros and cons within your specific situation. If approached with balanced expectations and the right motivations, volunteering can be very rewarding. But if the costs outweigh the benefits for you, there's no shame in focusing your energy elsewhere during these formative years. The choice should be yours.篇2Should Teenagers Volunteer? An Impassioned PerspectiveVolunteering is often seen as a noble act of selflessness, a way to give back to the community and make a positive impact on the world around us. But should teenagers, with their busy schedules, academic pressures, and social lives, be expected to dedicate their time and energy to volunteer work? This is a question that has sparked heated debates among students, parents, and educators alike. As a high school student myself, I have grappled with this dilemma and have come to the conclusion that teenagers should indeed volunteer, not just because it looks good on college applications, but because of the invaluable life lessons and personal growth that come with it.First and foremost, volunteering teaches teenagers the value of service and the importance of contributing to something greater than themselves. In a world that often encourages individualism and self-interest, volunteering provides a refreshing counterpoint by instilling a sense of social responsibility and empathy. By dedicating their time and effort to causes they care about, teenagers can develop a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by various communities and gain a newfound appreciation for the privileges they may have taken for granted.Furthermore, volunteering offers teenagers a chance to explore their interests and passions in a hands-on, practical setting. Whether it's working with underprivileged children, caring for animals, or contributing to environmental conservation efforts, volunteering allows teenagers to immerse themselves in real-world situations and discover what truly motivates them. This experience can be invaluable in shaping their future career paths and helping them identify their strengths and weaknesses.Critics may argue that teenagers should prioritize their studies and extracurricular activities, as these are crucial for their academic and personal development. However, I would counterthat volunteering can complement and enhance these pursuits. By engaging in volunteer work, teenagers can develop essential soft skills such as communication, leadership, problem-solving, and teamwork – skills that are highly valued in both academic and professional settings.Moreover, volunteering can be a powerful antidote to the stress and pressure that many teenagers face. In a world where academic achievement and future success are constantly emphasized, volunteering can provide a much-needed respite and a sense of perspective. By stepping outside of their daily routines and immersing themselves in meaningful work, teenagers can find a renewed sense of purpose and motivation, which can translate into improved mental health and overall well-being.Of course, striking the right balance between volunteering, academics, and personal commitments is crucial. Teenagers should be mindful of not overextending themselves and prioritizing self-care. However, with proper time management and support from parents, schools, and community organizations, teenagers can incorporate volunteering into their lives without sacrificing their other responsibilities.In conclusion, I firmly believe that teenagers should embrace the opportunity to volunteer. By doing so, they not only contribute to their communities but also embark on a journey of personal growth and self-discovery. Volunteering fosters empathy, explores passions, develops essential skills, and provides a much-needed break from the pressures of everyday life. While it may require sacrifice and commitment, the rewards of volunteering are invaluable and can shape teenagers into well-rounded, socially conscious individuals who are better equipped to navigate the challenges of adulthood and make a positive impact on the world around them.篇3Should Teenagers Volunteer? An AnalysisAs a teenager, the question of whether we should volunteer is one that often comes up. On one hand, we're just kids trying to get through school, have fun with friends, and figure out our path in life. Volunteering means taking on extra responsibilities and donating our limited free time. On the other hand, getting involved in community service can teach us valuable skills, expose us to new perspectives, and allow us to make a positive impact. After weighing the pros and cons, I believe teenagers should seriously consider volunteering for several key reasons.First and foremost, volunteering allows us to develop crucial life skills that will benefit us regardless of what career path we choose. By volunteering, we gain real-world experience working with others towards a common goal. This helps build teamwork, communication, and leadership abilities that are applicable in any job or academic setting. We also have to take initiative, manage our time wisely, and develop a strong work ethic to balance volunteering with school and other commitments. These are outstanding habits to build from an early age.Additionally, volunteering exposes us to new situations and perspectives that challenge us to develop greater empathy, open-mindedness, and problem-solving capabilities. For example, volunteering at a food bank brings us face-to-face with those struggling with food insecurity. This eye-opening experience promotes compassion and teaches us about societal issues we may have been unaware of previously. We then have to think critically about how to address those issues. Exposure to such diverse people and circumstances expands our worldview in a way that classroom learning alone cannot.What's more, volunteering provides an incredible opportunity to explore different career options we may be interested in. If we are considering becoming a teacher, we canvolunteer as a tutor to get a taste of the field. Those interested in medicine can volunteer at a hospital. By trying out various roles through volunteering, we can determine which paths truly inspire us before committing years of study. This helps ensure we choose a fulfilling career we feel passionate about.Perhaps most importantly, volunteering allows us teenagers to make a tangible, positive difference in our communities and world. Yes, our time is limited, but even small acts of service can have a big impact. Spending a few hours each month helping。
减压的方式英语作文
Stress is an inevitable part of modern life,and finding effective ways to manage it is crucial for maintaining mental and physical health.Here are several strategies that can be employed to alleviate stress,which can be incorporated into an English essay on stress relief.1.Exercise:Engaging in regular physical activity is one of the most effective ways to reduce stress.Exercise releases endorphins,which are natural mood lifters.It also provides a healthy distraction from daily worries.2.Meditation and Mindfulness:Practicing meditation or mindfulness can help calm the mind and reduce anxiety.These practices involve focusing on the present moment without judgment,which can lead to a sense of peace and relaxation.3.Time Management:Learning to manage time effectively can reduce the stress associated with feeling overwhelmed by tasks.Prioritizing tasks,setting realistic goals, and breaking projects into smaller steps can make them more manageable.4.Social Support:Connecting with friends and family can provide emotional support anda sense of belonging,which are important for stress relief.Sharing experiences and feelings with others can help alleviate the burden of stress.5.Hobbies:Engaging in enjoyable activities or hobbies can serve as a form of escapism from stress.Whether its painting,playing a musical instrument,or gardening,hobbies allow individuals to express themselves creatively and relax.6.Sleep:Ensuring adequate rest is essential for stress management.Sleep deprivation can exacerbate stress and affect cognitive function.Establishing a regular sleep schedule and creating a restful environment can improve sleep quality.7.Healthy Eating:A balanced diet can impact mood and energy levels.Consuming foods rich in vitamins and minerals,such as fruits,vegetables,and whole grains,can boost overall wellbeing and help combat stress.8.Professional Help:Seeking the help of a professional,such as a therapist or counselor, can provide strategies and tools for managing stress.Professional help can be particularly beneficial for individuals dealing with chronic stress or mental health issues.9.Limiting Exposure to Stressors:Identifying and reducing exposure to stressinducing situations or environments can help lower stress levels.This might involve setting boundaries,saying no to additional responsibilities,or changing ones environment.10.Gratitude Practice:Focusing on the positive aspects of life and expressing gratitude can shift ones perspective and reduce stress.Keeping a gratitude journal or simply reflecting on positive experiences can foster a sense of contentment.In conclusion,stress is a common challenge that can be managed through a variety of methods.By incorporating these strategies into daily life,individuals can improve their ability to cope with stress and enhance their overall quality of life.Its important to remember that what works for one person may not work for another,so personalizing a stress relief plan is key to success.。
Exposure+to+Addition
Addition of co occurring with mental health disorders like depression and anxiety, which can exaggerate the symptoms and effects of addition
Maintaining additive behavior
01
Denial and rationalization
Addicts often deny the negative sequences of their behavior and rationalize their continued use, making it difficult to recognize the problem and seek help
01
03
It will also discuss the available treatment options for addition, including both professional
and self-help resources
04
The report will examine the causes and risk factors for addition, as well as the physical, psychological, and social sequences of addition
Pretorage or dispose of subscription media, such as opioids or benzodizapine, can lead to accidental exposure or misuse
无家可归的人英语作文
Homelessness is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects individuals and communities worldwide.It is a situation where people lack a fixed,regular,and adequate nighttime residence.Heres a detailed essay on the topic:Introduction:Homelessness is a global phenomenon that transcends geographical boundaries and socioeconomic statuses.It is a stark reminder of the disparities and inequalities that persist in modern societies.The plight of the homeless is a pressing concern that demands attention,understanding,and action.Causes of Homelessness:1.Economic Factors:Unemployment,underemployment,and the rising cost of living are significant contributors to homelessness.The inability to afford rent or mortgage payments can lead to individuals and families losing their homes.2.Housing Market:A lack of affordable housing options can exacerbate the issue, especially in urban areas where property prices are high.3.Health Issues:Mental health problems and addiction can lead to individuals becoming homeless or exacerbate an existing homelessness situation.4.Family Breakdown:Conflicts or the breakdown of family support systems can leave individuals without a home.5.Systemic Issues:Discrimination,lack of access to education,and limited social support networks can also contribute to homelessness.Consequences of Homelessness:1.Health Problems:Homeless individuals often face a myriad of health issues,including malnutrition,exposure to the elements,and lack of access to healthcare.2.Social Isolation:The lack of a stable home can lead to social isolation,which can further exacerbate mental health issues.cational Disadvantages:Homeless children often struggle to maintain consistent education,which can impact their future prospects.4.Economic Impact:Homelessness can place a burden on public services,including healthcare,law enforcement,and emergency shelters.Strategies to Address Homelessness:1.Housing First Approach:Providing immediate housing to homeless individuals can bea more effective strategy than traditional methods that focus on addressing the underlying issues first.2.Affordable Housing Initiatives:Governments and communities can work together to create more affordable housing options.3.Support Services:Access to healthcare,mental health services,and addiction treatmentcan help address the root causes of homelessness.cation and Employment Programs:Providing homeless individuals with opportunities for education and employment can help them regain stability and independence.munity Outreach:Engaging with homeless individuals and providing them with resources and support can help them transition out of homelessness. Conclusion:Homelessness is a solvable problem,but it requires a concerted effort from governments, communities,and individuals.By understanding the causes and consequences of homelessness and implementing effective strategies,we can work towards a society where everyone has access to a safe and secure home.It is through compassion, understanding,and collective action that we can make a difference in the lives of those who are homeless.。
反对线上教学的英语作文高中
反对线上教学的英语作文高中The prevalent shift towards online education in recent years has been a subject of much debate and controversy, particularly when it comes to high school students. While proponents of this approach argue that it offers greater flexibility, accessibility, and personalized learning opportunities, there are valid concerns that deserve careful consideration. As a high school student myself, I firmly believe that online education is not the optimal solution for our demographic and that traditional in-person instruction should remain the primary mode of learning.One of the primary drawbacks of online education for high school students is the lack of social interaction and face-to-face engagement with both teachers and peers. High school is a critical period of social and emotional development, where students not only acquire academic knowledge but also learn valuable interpersonal skills, such as effective communication, teamwork, and conflict resolution. In a virtual setting, these essential social experiences are often diminished or entirely absent, which can have detrimental effects on a student's overall well-being and personalgrowth.Furthermore, the absence of physical classroom environments can hinder the development of essential life skills that are typically fostered through in-person learning. High school students benefit greatly from the structured routines, discipline, and time management skills that are cultivated in a traditional school setting. Online education, with its inherent flexibility and lack of direct supervision, can make it challenging for students to develop these crucial abilities, which are crucial for their future success in higher education and the workforce.Moreover, the quality of instruction and the level of engagement in online courses are often questionable. While online platforms may offer a wide range of resources and technological tools, the effectiveness of these resources ultimately depends on the pedagogical approach and the ability of teachers to create dynamic and interactive learning experiences. In many cases, online lessons can become passive and monotonous, with limited opportunities for meaningful discussions, hands-on activities, and personalized feedback from educators.Additionally, the lack of face-to-face interactions with teachers can make it more difficult for students to seek guidance, clarification, and support when they encounter academic challenges. The personalconnection and rapport that are often established between students and teachers in a physical classroom setting can play a vital role in fostering a supportive learning environment and encouraging students to take an active interest in their education.Another significant concern with online education for high school students is the potential for increased distractions and decreased productivity. In the comfort of their own homes, students may be more tempted to engage in non-academic activities, such as social media, gaming, or other leisure pursuits, which can significantly impede their ability to focus and retain information. The absence of the structured and supervised environment of a traditional school can make it challenging for many students to maintain the necessary discipline and self-motivation required for successful online learning.Furthermore, the technological infrastructure and access to reliable internet connectivity can pose significant barriers for some students, particularly those from underprivileged backgrounds or rural areas. This digital divide can exacerbate existing educational inequalities and create a situation where certain students are at a disadvantage compared to their peers who have better access to the necessary technological resources.It is also important to consider the potential long-term implications of widespread online education for high school students. While theCOVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a temporary shift to remote learning, the long-term effects of this transition on students' academic performance, social development, and overall well-being are still largely unknown. There is a valid concern that prolonged exposure to online learning may lead to negative consequences, such as increased mental health issues, reduced physical activity, and a diminished sense of community and belonging.In conclusion, while online education may have its merits and can serve as a valuable supplement to traditional in-person instruction, it should not be the primary mode of learning for high school students. The social, emotional, and developmental needs of this age group are best served by a physical classroom environment that fosters meaningful interactions, hands-on learning, and the cultivation of essential life skills. As we navigate the evolving educational landscape, it is crucial that policymakers, educators, and parents work together to ensure that high school students receive a well-rounded and enriching educational experience that prepares them for their future endeavors.。
见势借势起势,造势作文
见势借势起势,造势作文英文回答：Seizing opportunities and taking advantage of trends is essential for success in any field. By recognizing and capitalizing on the current situation, one can gain momentum and create a favorable position for oneself. This strategy, commonly known as "riding the wave", is apowerful way to build momentum and achieve desired outcomes.One way to seize opportunities is by closely observing market trends and consumer behavior. For instance, in the tech industry, companies that were quick to recognize the growing demand for smartphones and mobile apps were able to position themselves as leaders in the market. By developing innovative products and services that catered to this trend, they were able to gain a competitive edge and attract alarge customer base.Another way to create momentum is by leveragingexisting networks and partnerships. By collaborating with like-minded individuals or organizations, one can tap into their resources and expertise, thus increasing the chances of success. For example, a startup in the fashion industry could partner with influential bloggers or fashion influencers to gain exposure and credibility. This not only helps in creating a buzz around the brand but also attracts potential customers who trust the recommendations of these influencers.Furthermore, building a personal brand can also help in creating momentum. By establishing oneself as an expert or thought leader in a specific field, one can attract attention and opportunities. This can be done through consistent content creation, public speaking engagements, or even participating in industry events. For instance, a marketing professional could write insightful blog posts or give presentations at conferences to showcase their expertise. This not only helps in building credibility but also opens doors to new opportunities and collaborations.In conclusion, seizing opportunities and creatingmomentum is crucial for success. By staying alert to market trends, leveraging networks, and building a personal brand, one can position oneself favorably and achieve desired outcomes. It is important to be proactive and adaptable, as trends and opportunities can change rapidly. By constantly seeking out new opportunities and capitalizing on them, one can stay ahead of the competition and achieve long-term success.中文回答：抓住机遇，借势发展是在任何领域取得成功的关键。
人生的转折.英语作文
Life is a journey filled with unexpected twists and turns.A pivotal moment in ones life can be a turning point that leads to significant changes,both personally and professionally.The Importance of Turning PointsTurning points in life are crucial because they often mark the transition from one phase to another.They can be the result of a single decision,a profound realization,or an external event that forces us to reevaluate our priorities and direction.Examples of Turning Pointscational Milestones:For many,the decision to pursue higher education or to switch majors can be a turning point that opens up new career paths and opportunities.2.Career Shifts:A job loss or a promotion can serve as a catalyst for reevaluating ones career goals and aspirations.It might lead to a complete career change or the pursuit of further professional development.3.Personal Relationships:The end of a significant relationship or the beginning of a new one can be a turning point that reshapes ones social and emotional landscape.4.Health Crises:A health scare or the diagnosis of a chronic condition can force individuals to reassess their lifestyle choices and priorities.5.Travel and Cultural Exposure:Traveling to new places and experiencing different cultures can broaden ones perspective and lead to personal growth and new interests. Coping with Turning Points1.Acceptance:Recognizing and accepting that change is a part of life is the first step in coping with turning points.2.Reflection:Taking time to reflect on the situation and its implications can provide clarity and help in making informed decisions.3.Support Networks:Leaning on friends,family,or professional support can provide emotional strength during challenging times.4.Adaptability:Being flexible and adaptable to new circumstances is essential fornavigating through lifes turning points.5.Goal Setting:Setting new goals or revising existing ones can provide a sense of direction and purpose following a turning point.The Impact of Turning PointsTurning points can lead to personal growth,new opportunities,and a deeper understanding of oneself.They can also be a source of inspiration and motivation to make positive changes in ones life.ConclusionIn conclusion,lifes turning points,though often challenging,are opportunities for transformation and selfdiscovery.Embracing these moments with an open mind and a resilient spirit can lead to a richer and more fulfilling life experience.。
什么是信息茧房英文作答
什么是信息茧房英文作答Information Cocoon.An information cocoon is a self-reinforcing cycle of selective exposure to information which reinforces one's existing beliefs and views, and insulates one from opposing viewpoints. It is a result of the way that search engines and social media platforms personalize content toindividual users, based on their past browsing and search history. This can lead to a situation where people are only exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs, and are not challenged by opposing viewpoints.There are a number of factors that can contribute tothe formation of an information cocoon. One is the way that search engines and social media platforms personalize content to individual users. When a user searches for information on a particular topic, the search engine will return results that are tailored to the user's pastbrowsing and search history. This can lead to a situationwhere the user is only exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs, and is not challenged by opposing viewpoints.Another factor that can contribute to the formation of an information cocoon is the way that people use social media. Social media platforms allow users to connect with friends and family, and to share information and ideas. However, social media platforms also tend to group users into echo chambers, where they are only exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs. This can lead to a situation where people are only exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs, and are not challenged by opposing viewpoints.The formation of information cocoons can have a number of negative consequences. One is that it can lead to a lack of critical thinking skills. When people are only exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs, they are less likely to question those beliefs or to consider opposing viewpoints. This can lead to a situation where people are more likely to believe things that are not true,and to make decisions that are not in their best interests.Another negative consequence of information cocoons is that it can lead to political polarization. When people are only exposed to information that confirms their existing political beliefs, they are less likely to be open to compromise or to consider the views of others. This can lead to a situation where political discourse becomes more polarized, and it becomes more difficult to find common ground.There are a number of things that can be done to address the problem of information cocoons. One is to be aware of the way that search engines and social media platforms personalize content. When searching for information on a particular topic, it is important to use a variety of search engines and to read a variety of sources. It is also important to be aware of the way that social media platforms group users into echo chambers. When using social media, it is important to make an effort to connect with people who have different viewpoints.Another thing that can be done to address the problem of information cocoons is to develop critical thinking skills. This involves being able to evaluate information objectively, to identify biases, and to consider opposing viewpoints. Critical thinking skills can be developed through education, practice, and by exposing oneself to a variety of different perspectives.Finally, it is important to be open to compromise and to consider the views of others. This does not mean that one has to agree with everyone else, but it does mean that one should be willing to listen to other people's perspectives and to consider their arguments. Openness to compromise and to considering the views of others can help to bridge the gap between different viewpoints and to create a more informed and civil society.。
从《傲慢与偏见》看文学电影改编之文化意义
复旦大学硕士学位论文从《傲慢与偏见》看文学电影改编之文化意义姓名：***申请学位级别：硕士专业：英语语言文学指导教师：***20091218摘要从电影诞生伊始，文学与电影就有着千丝万缕的联系，两者相伴有近百年的时间。
许多改编自文学作品的电影获得的巨大成功说明了文学是电影改编的一个非常重要的来源。
与此同时，改编电影的出现吸引了文学批评的高度关注，这是其它与电影相关话题所没有的。
许多研究者运用现存的一些理论试图找到合适的理论框架来更好地诠释文学作品的电影改编。
从上世纪七十年代开始，一些研究者就开始质疑比较方法论中传统的忠实性研究存在的一些不足。
他们认为不同电影改编版本之间或与电影工业习俗之间的关系要比与原著的关系重要的多，而特定的历史时期、社会环境及文化思潮更具有有研究意义。
作为简·奥斯丁最受欢迎的小说，《傲慢与偏见》的魅力不仅吸引着无数普通人的目光，也成了经常被改编成电影的作品。
傲慢与偏见不仅向我们展示了十九世纪人们的生活状态和道德标准，而且让我们审视自己所处时代的生活状态与社会变迁。
１９４０年米高梅电影公司拍摄的同名电影《傲慢与偏见》又掀起了一股奥斯丁热，而由环球影业公司于２００５年拍摄的同名改编电影及另一部宝莱坞风格的电影《新娘与偏见》则以其特定的语境丰富了原小说内涵。
每一次文学电影改编都意味着一次再创造的过程，它给读者和电影观众提供了一种新的渠道和可能性去理解、重识和接受文学作品。
本文旨在通过比较傲慢与偏见的三个改编电影版本，结合文本、不同历史阶段、社会环境、观众趣味之间的互文关系，探究文学电影改编的文化意义。
电影改编不仅因其有在原著基础上发展创新的潜力而备受关注，也因为它具有使原有文本及作者重新焕发魅力的能力。
通过把奥斯丁等著名作家的小说搬上大荧幕，能使他们的文学作品得以在新的历史时期重新被人们认识和接受，同时也向人们展示了这些作品所体现的文化内涵，在这个过程中电影改编起了重要的推动作用。
Silver-Streak金色涂鸦金属标记用户指南说明书
11/09/2015 EN (English) SDS Ref.: LACO1509005 1/5SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking1.1.Product identifierProduct form : MixtureTrade name : Silver-Streak® Metal Marker1.2.Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstUse of the substance/mixture : Marking.1.3.Details of the Manu f acturer:Hobart Welding Products N855 Mayflower Drive Appleton WI 549131.4. Emergency telephone numberEmergency number: 24-hour emergency: CHEMTREC- U.S. : 1-800-424-9300 International: +1-703-527-3887SECTION 2: Hazards identification2.1.Classification of the substance or mixtureClassification in accordance with the Globally Harmonized Standard Not classified 2.2Label elementsGHS-US labelling No labelling applicable 2.3.Other hazardsNo additional information availableSECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients3.1. Substance Not applicable3.2. MixtureFull text of H-statements: see section 16SECTION 4: First aid measures4.1.Description of first aid measuresFirst-aid measures general : Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.First-aid measures after inhalation : Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. First-aid measures after skin contact : Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.First-aid measures after eye contact : In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water.First-aid measures after ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedSymptoms/injuries: None known.4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededTreat symptomatically.SECTION 5: Firefighting measures5.1. Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing media : Use extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding fire.Unsuitable extinguishing media : None known.5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureFire hazard : No particular fire or explosion hazard.Reactivity : No dangerous reactions known.5.3. Advice for firefightersProtection during firefighting : Do not enter fire area without proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection. Useself-contained breathing apparatus. Fire-resistant protective clothing.SECTION 6: Accidental release measures6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresGeneral measures : This product is not hazardous.6.1.1. For non-emergency personnelNo additional information available6.1.2. For emergency respondersNo additional information available6.2. Environmental precautionsNotify authorities if product enters sewers or public waters.6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning upFor containment : Contain and collect as any solid.Methods for cleaning up : Wipe up with absorbent material (for example cloth).6.4. Reference to other sectionsSection 13: disposal information.SECTION 7: Handling and storage7.1. Precautions for safe handlingPrecautions for safe handling : Avoid contact with skin and eyes.Hygiene measures : Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash hands and other exposed areas withmild soap and water before eating, drinking or smoking and when leaving work.7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesStorage area : Store in dry, cool, well-ventilated area.7.3. Specific end use(s)Marking.SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection8.1. Control parameters8.2. Exposure controlsAppropriate engineering controls : Ensure good ventilation of the work station. Personal protective equipment : Avoid all unnecessary exposure.Hand protection : None under normal use.Eye protection : None under normal use.Respiratory protection : None under normal use.Other information : Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesPhysical state : SolidAppearance : A solid crayon-like marker.Colour : Silver.Odour : No data availableOdour threshold : No data availablepH : No data availableRelative evaporation rate (butyl acetate=1) : No data availableMelting point : No data availableFreezing point : No data availableBoiling point : No data availableFlash point : No data availableAuto-ignition temperature : No data availableDecomposition temperature : No data availableFlammability (solid, gas) : No data availableVapour pressure : No data availableRelative vapour density at 20 °C : No data availableRelative density : No data availableSolubility : No data availableLog Pow : No data availableLog Kow : No data availableViscosity, kinematic : No data availableViscosity, dynamic : No data availableExplosive properties : No data availableOxidising properties : No data availableExplosive limits : No data available9.2. Other informationVOC content : 0 %SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity10.1. ReactivityNo dangerous reactions known.10.2. Chemical stabilityStable under normal conditions.10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactionsHazardous polymerization will not occur.10.4. Conditions to avoidNone known.10.5. Incompatible materialsAcids. Alkali. Oxidizer.10.6. Hazardous decomposition productsNone known.SECTION 11: Toxicological information11.1. Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicity : Not classified: Not classifiedSerious eye damage/irritation : Not classifiedRespiratory or skin sensitisation : Not classifiedGerm cell mutagenicity : Not classifiedCarcinogenicity : Not classifiedReproductive toxicity : Not classifiedSpecific target organ toxicity (single: Not classifiedexposure)Specific target organ toxicity (repeated: Not classifiedexposure)Aspiration hazard : Not classifiedPotential adverse human health effects and symptomsLikely routes of exposure : Inhalation;Skin and eye contactSECTION 12: Ecological information12.1 ToxicityNo additional information available12.2. Persistence and degradabilityNo additional information available12.3. Bioaccumulative potentialNo additional information available12.4. Mobility in soilNo additional information available12.5. Other adverse effectsNo additional information availableSECTION 13: Disposal considerations13.1 Waste treatment methodsSewage disposal recommendations : Do not dispose of waste into sewer.Waste disposal recommendations : Dispose in a safe manner in accordance with local/national regulations. SECTION 14: Transport informationIn accordance with DOT and TDGNot considered a dangerous good for transport regulationsProper Shipping Name (ADR) : Not applicableTransport by seaNo additional information availableAir transportNo additional information availableSECTION 15: Regulatory information15.1. US Federal regulations15.2. International regulationsCANADA15.3. US State regulationsSECTION 16: Other informationIndication of changes : Original Document.Data sources : ACGIH (American Conference of Governement Industrial Hygienists).European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) C&L Inventory database. Accessed athttp://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database.Krister Forsberg and S.Z. Mansdorf, "Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing",Fifth Edition.National Fire Protection Association. Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials; 10thedition.OSHA 29CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication Standard.TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory. Accessed at/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/tscainventory/howto.html.Abbreviations and acronyms : ATE: Acute Toxicity Estimate. CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) number.CLP: Classification, Labelling, Packaging.EC50: Environmental Concentration associated with a response by 50% of the test population.GHS: Globally Harmonized System (of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals).LD50: Lethal Dose for 50% of the test population.OSHA: Occupational Safety & Health Administration.PBT: Persistent, Bioaccumulative, Toxic.TWA: Time Weight Average.TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act.Other information : None.NFPA health hazard : 0 - Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazardbeyond that of ordinary combustible materials.NFPA fire hazard : 1 - Must be preheated before ignition can occur.NFPA reactivity : 0 - Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions,and not reactive with water.Full text of H-statements:Pyr. Sol. 1 Pyorphoric Solids, Category 1Water-react. 2 Substances and Mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases, Category 2H250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to airH261 In contact with water releases flammable gasesSDS Prepared by: The Redstone Group, LLC6077 Frantz Rd.Suite 206Dublin, OH USA 43016T 614-923-7472LACO NA GHS SDSThis information is based on our current knowledge and is intended to describe the product for the purposes of health, safety and environmental requirements only. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing any specific property of the product。
ITW Consumer - Devcon Versachem 锁定解冻剂 润滑剂说明书
Material Safety Data SheetITW Consumer - Devcon/Versachem1 of 5LOCK DE-ICER/ LUBRICATORThis product appears in the following stock number(s):00201, 002051. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATIONTradename: LOCK DE-ICER/ LUBRICATOR General use: AerosolChemical family: Alcohol2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSComponentAbbr.Weight%ACGIH; TLV-TWA OSHA PEL:Other Limits2-PROPANOL 67-63-0IPA >50200 ppm 400 ppm TWA; 980mg/m 3 TWA 400 ppm TWA Canada CARBON DIOXIDE 124-38-9n/e <105000 ppm 5000 ppm TWA n/e TRADE SECRET (Non-hazardous)MIXTUREn/eBalanceNot listedn/en/e"TLV" means the Threshold Limit Value exposure (eight-hour, time-weighted average, unless otherwise noted) established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. "STEL" indicates a short-term exposure limit. "PEL" indicates the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit. "n/e"indicates that no exposure limit has been established. An asterisk (*) indicates a substance whose identify is a trade secret of our supplier and unknown to us.3. HAZARDOUS IDENTIFICATIONEmergency OverviewAppearance, form, odor: Clear, liquid, Aerosol, with alcohol odorWARNING!. Flammable. Eye, skin and respiratory irritant. May cause central nervous system effects.Potential health effectsPrimary Routes of Exposure:Eye. Skin. Inhalation (breathing)Symptoms of acute overexposure Skin: May cause irritation.Eyes: Causes severe eye irritation May cause corneal injuryInhalation: May irritate mouth, nose, and throat. Central Nervous System Depression: signs/symptoms can includeheadache, dizziness, drowsiness, incoordination, slowed reaction time, slurred speech, giddiness and unconsciousness.Ingestion: May cause gastric distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). May produce nervous system effects such as feeling of weakness, unsteady walk, and dilation of blood vessels.Effects of Chronic Exposure: Repeated or prolonged exposure may irritate mucous membranes.MANUFACTURERITW Consumer - Devcon/Versachem 2107 West Blue Heron Blvd.Riviera Beach, Florida 33404EMERGENCY INFORMATION Emergency telephone number (CHEMTEL): (800) 255-3924(CHEMTEL International): (+01) 813-248-0585Other Calls: (561) 845-2425ComponentWeight%NTPACGIHCarcinogensIARC Carcinogen2-PROPANOL 67-63-0>50A4 - Not classifiable as a human carcinogenGroup 3 Monograph 71, 1999;Supp.7, 1987; Monograph 15,1977Aggravated Medical Condition:Preexisting eye, skin and respiratory disorders may be aggravated by overexposure to this product.Other:See Section 114. FIRST AID MEASURESEye Contact: Flush eyes with clean water for at least 20 minutes while gently holding eyelids open, lifting upper and lower lids.Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash area with soap and water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.Inhalation: If inhaled, remove from area to fresh air. Get medical attention if respiratory irritation develops or if breathing becomes difficult.Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Slowly dilute with 1-2 glasses of water or milk and seek medical attention. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.Notes to Physician: Eye: if pain, tears or redness continue, patient should contact ophthalmologist. Detoxification procedure: administer an aqueous slurry of activated charcoal followed by a cathartic such as magnesium citrate or sorbitol.5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURESGeneral fire and explosion characteristics: Flammable aerosol. Contents under pressure.Recommended Extinguishing Media: Water, Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide, Alcohol foam Special Fire-Fighting Procedures: Evacuated unprotected personnel. Fight fire from a distance as the heat may rupture the containers. Do not enter confined space without full bunker gear. Use water spray to cool exposed containers.Unusual Fire/Explosion Hazards:Contents under pressure. Heated cans may burst. Use equipment or shielding to protect personnel from burstingcontainers. Vapors may travel from container toward sources of ignition and flashback. Water or foam may cause frothing.Burning liquid may float on water.Hazardous Products of Combustion:Oxides of carbon6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESSpill Control: Avoid personal contact. Eliminate ignition sources. Ventilate area. Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment.Containment: Dike, contain and absorb with clay, sand or other suitable materialCleanup: For large spills, blanket with firefighting foam. For large spills, pump to storage/salvage vessels. Soak up residue with an absorbent such as clay, sand or other suitable material and dispose of properly.Method: TCCFlash point: 53°F (11.7°C)Lower Explosive Limit: 2.0Upper Explosive Limit: 12.7Special procedures: Prevent spill from entering drainage/sewer systems, waterways and surface water. Use non-sparking tools.7. HANDLING AND STORAGEHandling precautions: Avoid contact with the skin and the eyes. Avoid breathing vapors or mists. Launder contaminated clothing and protective gear before reuse. Contents under pressure. Do not puncture, incinerate or expose totemperatures greater than 120°F. Heat from sunlight, radiators, stoves, hot water and other heat sources could cause the container to burst. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Use non-sparking tools. Material may attack some forms of plastic, aluminum, rubber and coatings.Storage: Store away from heat, sparks or open flame. Do not store at temperatures above 100°F (38°C).8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTIONEngineering controls:Ventilation:General; local exhaust ventilation as necessary to control any air contaminants to within their exposure limits (or to the lowest feasible levels when limits have not been established) during the use of this product.Other engineering controls: Observe label precautions. Have emergency shower and eye wash available.Personal protective equipmentEye and face protection: Chemical splash goggles or safety glasses where there is a risk of eye contact Do not wear contact lensesSkin protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (Neoprene, nitrile) and other gear as required to prevent skin contact.Respiratory protection: A NIOSH/MSHA air purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge may be permissible,however use a positive pressure air supplied respirator if there is any potential for uncontrolled release, or unknown exposure levels.9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITYThis material is chemically stable. Hazardous polymerization will not occur.Conditions to Avoid: Keep away from heat,sparks and flame.Incompatabilities: Strong oxidizers, Aluminum metals, Nitroform, Sulfuric acid Hazardous Products of Combustion: Oxides of carbonConditions under which hazardous polymerization may occur: None known.11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONEye Contact: Severe eye irritant.Boiling Point: 180°F Evaporation Rate: 1.4 (butyl acetate = 1)VOC: 790 g/lSolubility in water: CompleteMelting point: -127°FpH (5% solution or slurry in water): n/dSpecific Gravity: 0.789Vapor Density (Air=1): 2.1Vapor Pressure: 33 mmHg @ 68°FSubchronic effects: Rat and mouse inhalation toxicity: The subchronic NOAEL was 500 ppm based on clinical signs of CNS depression (both species) and increased body weight and blood effects (rat only) seen at 1500 ppm. Carcinogenicity, tertogenicity and mutagenicity: In response to a TSCA test rule, several studies of IPA have now been completed. The studies and their are as follows: 1) Both mutagenicity studies, the mouse micronucleus and CHO assays, were negative. 2) Rat and rabbit oral teratogenicity and develoopmental toxicology: a) there was no evidence that IPA caused teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. b) Developmental toxicity was deen in rats at 1200 mg/kg (evidenced by body weight) while no developmental toxicity was seen in the rabbit study. For rats, the NOAEL was 400 mg/kg; for rabbits 480 mg/kg. This work also identified pregnant rabbits to be approximately eight times more sensitive to IPA's lethal effects than non-pregnant rabbits.Other chronic effects: In rat inhalation neurotoxicity and oral developmental neurotoxicity studies, there was no evidence that IPA caused neurotoxicity in adults (max dose 5000 ppm) or offspring (max dose 1200 ppm).Toxicological information on hazardous chemical constituents of this product:Component Oral LD50 (rat)Dermal LD50 (rabbit)Inhalation LC50 4hr (rat)4396 mg/kg12800 mg/kg72.6 mg/L/4H2-PROPANOL67-63-0CARBON DIOXIDEn/d n/d n/d124-38-9n/d n/d n/dTRADE SECRET (Non-hazardous)MIXTURE'n/d' = not determined_12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATIONEcotoxicity: No data available.Mobility and persistence: No data available.Environmental fate: No data available.13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSPlease see also Section 15, Regulatory Information.Recommended Method of Disposal: If this product becomes a waste, it would be a hazardous waste by RCRA criteria (40CFR 261). Dispose of according to applicable federal, state and local regulations. Empty cans may be recycled.US EPA Waste Number: D001.14. TRANSPORT INFORMATIONProper shipping name: *AerosolsTechnical name: N/AHazard class: 2UN/ID Number: 1950Packing group: N/AEmergency Response Guide no: 126*Depending upon the size and type of container, this material may be reclassed as "Consumer Commodity, ORM-D" for shipments within the United States, or "Limited Quantity" elsewhere. Refer to the appropriate regulation.15. REGULATORY INFORMATIONU.S. Federal RegulationsTSCA:All ingredients of this product are listed, or are exempt from listing on the TSCA Inventory. Export notification is required under TSCA Sec.12B - see below..The following RCRA code(s) applies to this material if it becomes waste:D001Regulatory status of hazardous chemical constituents of this product:Component ExtremelyHazardous*Toxic Chemical**CERCLA RQ (lbs) 12B EXPORTNOTIFICATION:2-PROPANOL67-63-0No No0.0Not requiredCARBON DIOXIDE124-38-9No No0.0Not requiredTRADE SECRET (Non-hazardous)MIXTURENo No0.0Not required*Consult the appropriate regulations for emergency planning and release reporting requirements for substances on the SARA Section 301 Extremely Hazardous Substance List.**Substances for which the "Toxic Chemical" column is marked "Yes" are on the SARA Section 313 list of Toxic Chemicals, for which release reporting may be required. For specific requirements, consult the appropriate regulations.For purposes of SARA Section 312 hazardous materials inventory reporting, the following hazard classes apply to this material: Immediate health hazard, Fire hazard, Sudden release of pressure hazardCalifornia regulations: For purposes of the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Prop 65), this product does not contain any chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.Canadian RegulationsWHMIS Hazard Class: B5 FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS, D2B TOXIC MATERIALSCanadian Inventory: All components of this product are on the Canadian Domestic Substances List .16. OTHER INFORMATIONHazardous Material Information System (HMIS) rating:Health 2 Flammability 3 Physical Hazard 0HMIS is a registered trademark of the National Paint and Coatings AssociationRevision Date: October 20, 2011Revision Number: 7The information and recommendations in this document are based on the best information available to us at the time of preparation, but we make no other warranty, express or implied, as to its correctness or completeness, or as to the results of reliance on this document.。
Autodesk Visualization分析与交通设计 - Jack Strongitharm说
CI2456 Visualization Analysis for TransportationJack Strongitharm - AutodeskVisualization is a terrific way to improve communication with non-technical stakeholders, but what’s in it for you, the designer? This class will show you three practical workflows that use visualization and validation tools to help make design decisions and create technical exhibits. You have invested time in building a model—now let’s take it to the next level with these core activities: visual impact with photomontages using AutoCAD® Civil 3D® and Autodesk®3ds Max® Design software, lighting levels with street lighting analysis using Civil 3D and 3ds Max Design, traffic impact analysis using Civil 3D, 3ds Max Design, Autodesk® Infrastructure Modeler software, and Quadstone Paramics (a Pitney Bowes company).Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this class, you will be able to:∙Use techniques to make your scenes in Autodesk 3ds Max Design more suitable for outdoor scenes ∙Use Autodesk® Infrastructure Design Suite to create data and aggregate in others∙Automate your visualization model with content∙Share your model with others outside a video fileNote, this document and presentation assumes that the essentials of using the products for creating models and general awareness of the user interface is already known.About the SpeakerAutodesk Transportation Industry Solutions Manager.I have been involved in the development of the civil engineering products and specifically the localization of AutoCAD Civil 3D for the UK and Ireland.Before joining Autodesk, I have worked as a design engineer for a number of consultants and local authorities where his work spanned designing landscaped surfaces to major road design schemes working with AutoCAD and other civil engineering design products.I am also known for the blog site I contribute to (/fromthegroundup) and also Civil YouTube channel (/civilfromthegroundup).Visual impact with photomontagesFor every major civil engineering project an environmental statement is produced. This would normally involve technical drawings but also before and after imagery of how the project will fit amongst the landscape.Producing this type of imagery would be traditionally given to a graphic designer, however the model data is required to be superimposed on the photos taken and then viewed from the aspect of the photographs.This workflow guide will take you through the steps of taking the photographs, passing the design data from AutoCAD Civil 3D into 3DS Max Design to where the final image of the model will be produced.This will really take the best advantage of having access to the Infrastructure Suite product in either the Premium or Ultimate editions or the individual separate products.The workflow assumes that the user has a planning model with Autodesk Infrastructure Modeler or with project detail design data with AutoCAD Civil 3D data and access to 3DS Max Design with the Civil View plugin installed (or automatically installed with the Infrastructure Design suites).Step One – the site photosWhen on site you need to consider some concepts for working with the images.1. Pick out five items in the scene that you can see to the base of the object on the surface.2. With Autodesk Infrastructure Modeler, add point of interest markers to the samepositions3. With AutoCAD Civil 3D, add cogo points to reference these points4. Spread out the objects so that they will have a different in level (elevation)5. If considering a panoramic shot, have objects that common in both photographs.Depending on what type of data you have to use, move to Step Two for Autodesk Infrastructure Modeler or Step Three for AutoCAD Civil 3D.Step Two – Exporting data from Autodesk Infrastructure ModelerThe above shows the points of interest markers highlighting the common points in the photograph that we will match within 3ds Max DesignThe complete early stage design model to be used for the photomontageSo export the model, either by export to FBX or direcly ‘Send to’ will send the model and open 3DS Max Design automatically and place the modelSelect just the area of interest rather than the whole model 3ds Max Design will now launchNow we have the model inside 3ds Max DesignNow move to Step FourStep Three – Exporting data from AutoCAD Civil 3D Export your project data from Civil 3D via the Export to Civil ViewCreate COGO points in your survey of the targets you selected when taking the photographs Export these points as a separate .vsp3d file if preferredAs 3DS Max Design is single point precision application it doesn’t work well with large coordinate systems. The Civil View plugin that ships with the product manages a project shift to overcome this and ensures that your project is accurate.Import the project data and setup as required to form the base visualization (see existing documentation and previous AU classes on how to perform this task)Import the target points into your scene. As Civil View imports these points with the shift appliedIt might be worth hiding your model for the next steps to make it easier to work with.Step Four Creating Camera Point helpersIsolate the points of interest from the rest of your model to make it easy to work with.Add the camera point helpers and 3D snap to the base of the pins. If using with Civil 3D data the COGO points you cannot snap to, but an approximate snap will be sufficient. Also move the camera helper point to the elevation to the value found in your AutoCAD Civil 3D model.Now select the ‘Viewport Background’ by right clicking on the view style and choosing ‘Viewport Background’Click on ‘Files’ and select the image of the photograph and choose ‘Match Bitmap’ for aspect ratioAlso under the Rendering menu, choose ‘Environment’ and choose the same image for the Environment MapSelect ‘Bitmap’ on this panel and your photo.You then will see your photo in the background.Select the tool tab (looks like a hammer). You will see your campoints displayed.Select the first point and then the assign position. You now point at the photograph to where that point is referring to. Do this for the remaining four pointsOnce all five points are set, select the ‘Create Camera’ button. Press ‘C’ to look from your new cameraTurn on your model and you will see it in context to your photograph.Turn off the existing ground in your model as this will be part of your photograph.Add a daylight system and appropriate location to get suitable lighting on your scene. Render the resultAIM modelAutoCAD Civil 3D modelStreet Lighting AnalysisCreating suitable lighting schemes for our project is essential and have to be carried out to achieve minimum lux values required by the local authority for adoption of the system.With 3ds Max Design includes a lighting analysis capability which we can leverage to maximum effect by transferring either our AIM or AutoCAD Civil 3D model and analyzing the layout of a street lighting system and optimize for the most effective system.∙Import your AutoCAD Civil 3D model into 3ds Max Design via Civil View tools∙Using the Object parameters create street lighting objects and photometric lights along the roadway etc at the required positioning/spacing∙Using the pseudo color exposure control you can get an early view on the intensity of your lighting. Reset this to mr Photographic outdoor night exposure∙Adjust the value of the lights to 150 lux at 10m∙Using the lighting asistance choose the automatic matierials and daylight system∙Create a lighting meter with a suitable size spacing of lighting grid and move the grid to the surface elevation∙Calculate the lighting metersTraffic impact analysisThe town in this scenario has an incomplete ring road around the town and suffers from traffic build up at peak times around the current ring road and especially at the links to the Motorway.The aim is to show how at a planning stage that the effects of a design proposal has on the complete network of the town can have before any detailed design takes place.The workflow will show how the typical GIS dataset can be utilized with AutoCAD Map 3D/Civil 3D and visualized with Autodesk Infrastructure Modeler.A proposal is designed and the data is shared to Quadstone Paramics () for traffic simulation of the network in its current situation and also with the potential of this link road extension to the ring road would have.The results are shared back via the SIM file format to be used within 3ds Max Design for animation purposes with the AIM model.Also exporting the traffic analytic results via .shp format to be visualized in a 3D GIS format in AIMThe solution shows how simulation data can be combined with traditional drawing/GIS outputs aswell as advanced visualization animations to achieve stakeholder and public approvals at an earlier stage of planning a traffic project with no detailed design.Autodesk Infrastructure Modeler∙Build AIM model of existing situation using mapping datasets.Quadstone Paramics∙Launch the Paramics software and import into a workspace the road centerlinesDetail the network with the suitable parameters to model the existing road network characteristics∙Set traffic demand and profiles under Travel Demand EditorAutoCAD Map/Civil 3D∙Check out from SQLite AIM Data new link road in Map, explode once and use ‘MAPEXPORT’ to .shp for use in Paramics∙Update the network with the proposed route as designed in AIM∙Set vehicle trajectory output file .SIM format for both existing and proposed networks for comparison. This file we will use to create animated vehicles.∙Export the analytics results to .shp file for use in AIM.3ds Max Design using Civil View∙Import the area of interest from AIM via Send to ‘3ds Max Design’ option∙For surface tracking purposes build a new model in AIM of the surface within the limits of this same area and export to FBX and apply the model shift as found in C:\Users\<user login>\AppData\Local\Temp .pos file∙Import SIM file and apply the model shift applied by AIM∙Apply surface tracking and select the temporary surface, then delete the temporary surface∙Apply vehicle substitution(Note, animation of rotation of wheels will drastically increase model size and rendering) Render the results from various angles and paths.Autodesk Infrastructure ModelerFrom the base model, create a proposal for Counts , Queues, Existing Delay, Proposed DelayAttach the queue and link shp filesWhen applying this data, apply the ‘Traffic Data’ classification and using the building height option you can set this height to reflect the value of the analysis property you require, such as count for example.(The AIM schema needs to be updated with the supplied schema file to extend the classification system)Within the table tab, set the count to _LnCnt attributeIn the tooltip tab, add the variable you want to report in the tooltip with the % symbol activating the list of attributes to choose from and also add text for titles, this can contain html formattingUsing the feature theming, you can apply a colour theme to the attribute property you are displaying with standard theming analysis.Autodesk AIM360From the model in Infrastructure Modeler, the data can be published to the cloud and an scenario of the model made available to all stakeholders required to view this data either through the web viewer in an internet browser, alternatively a link to view the model in the Ipad application available through the iTunes store.The layer for TRAFFIC_DATA can be switched on.Note: increase the ‘level of detail’ display and show backfaces.。
尼康尼克科尔马特EL 35毫米自动相机说明书
FILM IS HELD PERFECTLY FLAT
Nikkormat EL uses a system similar to the Nikon F2 to assure true film flatness during exposure: Extralarge pressure plate, film roller and cassette stabilizer, in addition to emulsion-side-out winding onto takeup spooL Result is sharpest possible image on film.
"CENTER-WEIGHTED" METER SYSTEM
Measures brightness of entire finder screen but concentrates 60% of its sensitivity on central12mm diameter area (about 13% of total screen). Result is correct exposure in virtually any situation, even when central subject is markedly brighter or darker than surrounding area. The system works at full aperture with Auto-Nikkor lenses, and also permits stop-down operation - each with both automatic and manual control. With the latter, either the shutter speed dial or the aperture ring may be adjusted to align the meter needle. With automatic operation, unique electronic circuitry registers subject brightness only an instant before mirror flips up, reflecting any last-moment lighting change. Meter sensitivity is extremely wide, from EV1 to EV18. Adjusts for films from ASA 25-1600.
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Control of Foodstuffs and Drinking Water
Yantai, China
30 June – 2 July 2014
Tony Colgan
Head, Radiation Protection Unit
IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA Yantai, China 2014Coverage by International Standards
2
Emergency exposure situation Existing (post-emergency)
exposure situation
Food
for international trade -
Codex
for international trade -Codex Within affected country(ies) -
IAEA
NO – for affected country Drinking water Within affected country(ies) –
IAEA For all countries – WHO
for international trade - NO
Coverage by International Standards
IAEA Yantai, China 20143
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Chapter 5: EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATIONS
Requirement 51: Exposure due to radionuclides in commodities
The regulatory body or other relevant authority shall establish reference levels for radionuclides in commodities.
IAEA Yantai, China 2014
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5.22The regulatory body or other relevant authority shall establish specific reference levels for exposure due to radionuclides in commodities such as construction material, food, feed and drinking water, each of which shall typically be expressed as, or based on, an annual effective dose to the representative person generally that does not exceed a value of about 1 mSv.
5.23The regulatory body or other relevant authority shall consider the guideline levels for radionuclides contained in food traded internationally that could contain radioactive substances as a result of a nuclear or radiation emergency, as published by the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission [23]. The regulatory body or other relevant authority shall consider the guideline levels for radionuclides contained in drinking water that have been published by the WHO [24].
IAEA Yantai, China 2014
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ICRP Recommendations
Existing Exposure Situations
A situation of exposure that already exists when a decision on
the need for control has to be taken
Less than 1 mSv/a – normally no action required
>1 to 20 mSv/a – actions need to be considered; any actions must be justified and optimized
>20 mSv/a – action nearly always justified
IAEA Yantai, China 2014
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Codex Alimentarius Approach
•based on 1 mSv annual dose
• assumes 10% of diet is contaminated
• activity concentrations derived for different food groups and different groups of radionuclides
• applies only to international trade – not to national situation
•
IAEA Yantai, China 2014
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Work Coordinated by IAEA
IAEA established Working Group of international organizations (WHO, FAO, NEA, Codex Alimentarius, ICRP)
Mandate of the WG
• summarize current international standards for foodstuffs and drinking water, the criteria on which they are based and the cicumstances in which they are to be used;• Identify any gaps, including need for guidance
• propose resolution to identified problems
summarize in a TECDOC
TECHNICAL MEETING: 8-12 September 2014 in Vienna
•
IAEA Yantai, China 2014
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Some Key Issues
• why do we deal with foodstuffs and drinking water separately?
• is it reasonable to use different standards for national consumption and for export?
• what are the implications if Codex Alimentarius values are adoptedas national standards?
• how can we develop asystem that is both simple to implement and effective?
• should standards for foodstuffs apply at all times or only for a specific period after an “accident”?
IAEA Yantai, China 2014
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Thank you for your attention
t.colgan@
IAEA Yantai, China 2014
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