2010年12月四级考试翻译模拟
2010-12真题翻译与写作
Read aloud “Listening Section C)Part VI Translation87. In order to ensure that he would attend the meeting/ conference, I called him up in advance.补充：In order to make sure he would attend the meetingTo see that he would attend the meetingTo see to it that he would attend the meetingEnsure the quality / the security / the accuracy(精确)88．The magnificent museum is said to have been built about a hundred years ago.补充：The treasures in the Forbidden City were reported to have been stolen last week.The enterprise is known / said to have gone bankruptcy.Three of the stolen treasures are said to be missing.A new subway is said to be being built now.A new subway is said to be built soon, which will be one of the solutions to the city’s traffic jam.The books are expected to be returned to the library before summer vacation.89. There would be no life on earth without the unique environment of the earth /if there were no unique environment / conditions on the earth.补充内容见提供的有关虚拟语气的资料.补充练习(区分表示“与将来的的结果相反”与“过去的结果相反”：Given the opportunity, I would take the job.Given the opportunity, I would not quit the job.If you were given the opportunity, what would you do?If I were to go to the job interview, I would make some preparation for it.Without the timely rescue, they would have died/ they would not have survived.Under more favorable circumstances, we would have done better.If he had not driven under the influence of alcohol, he would not have been charged and fined.90. What impressed / struck the tourists most was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.补充：What 从句见有关资料；The quality of products and after-sale service are what most consumers complain about.How to educate and improve ourselves is what we students should learn during the four college years.What I am dreaming of is to travel around the world.注意下列名词的拼写：Strong---strengthWide---widthLong---lengthHigh---heightNecessary---necessityEssential---essenceComplain----complaint91.They requested that the book I borrowed be turned to the library by next Friday.It is required that the book I borrowed be turned to the library by next Friday.It is suggested that all the parcels be delivered before 7:00PM.It is essential that kids learn how to make intelligent decisions.It is of great importance /significance that the law be carried out effectively.Part I Writing: How should Parents Help children to be independent1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立，父母应该。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案
2010年12月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……3. 我对网络教育的评价Online EducationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed HistoryTom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker & Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day."The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today," said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. "They are relics (纪念物)of different historical periods still found in our kitchens."Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization.BeerThe ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day lraq, began fermenting(发酵)beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago."When people started agriculture the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer," Standage noted. "It’s the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. It’s as simple as that."Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning."Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted," said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis."The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread," Standage added. "It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today it’s the drink of the working man, and it was then as well."WineWine may be as old or older than beer—though no one can be certain.Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures."To make wine you have to have fresh grapes," said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. "for beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time."Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid."Wine may be easier to make [than beer], but it’s harder to store," Bisson added. "For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch [fermenting grape juice] as wine on its way to [becoming] vinegar."Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望)than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes.The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion."Once you had regions [like Greece and Rome] that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost," Bisson said. "Beer just wasn’t as special."SpiritsHard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated (安抚)sailors during the long sea voyagesof the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early17th centuries.Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britain’s American colonies."Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy," he explained. "When the British tried to tax molasses it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea of ’no taxation without representation’originated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it referto tea."Great Britain’s longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navy’s drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒),which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the late18th century."They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice," Standage said. "This improved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet."CoffeeThe story of modern coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around A.D. 1000. Sometime around the 15th century, coffee spread throughout the Arab world."In the Arab world, coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternativesto taverns(酒馆)—both of which are banned by Islam," Standage said.When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an "anti-alcohol" that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century."Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, here’s a drink that sharpens the mind," Standage said. "The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(聚会地点)to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse."声明：本资料由听力课堂网站收集整理，仅供英语爱好者学习使用，资料版权属于原作者。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题（十）
2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题（十）2009年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题(十)Part I writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。
2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。
3. 宿舍生活利与弊。
Dormitory LifePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)D irections:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon theaction was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement,or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When thefibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while s wimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers.This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water likea living bullet.Source of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of ai r pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling muchenergy to be stored.This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the storyis predictable.Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawlingover it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses onlyone twelfth as much energy.Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except______________.［A］to find food［B］to avoid being chased by its enemies［C］to find a new place to live［D］to show its braveness2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______________.［A］humans are the most clever living creatures in the world［B］human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment ［C］humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools［D］humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?［A］The skin.［B］The tail.［C］The muscle.［D］The jaw.4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagenfibers to the greatest extent?［A］When moving its tail rapidly.［B］When finding its preys.［C］When staying without any movement.［D］When bending its body in swimming.5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers sim ilar to a belted radial tire?［A］Because it is also full of blood pressure.［B］Because it is also filled of air pressure.［C］Because it is also inflated by pressure.［D］Because it also can be used again and again.6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims________________.［A］slowly through the water［B］rapidly through the water［C］against the current［D］at the fastest speed in water7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long asit______________.［A］one twelfth times.［B］the same.［C］12 times.［D］1.2 times.8.A shark finds its prey by________________.9.According to the passage, _______________can be compared to the string of a bow for bothof them store energy when stretched.10.When the shark detects an important food source, __________________________take place.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11.［A］He had finished his work.［B］He came back to surprise his wife.［C］He came back for lunch.［D］He came back to fetch some document.12.［A］At a library.［B］In a bus.［C］At the airport.［D］At a post office.13.［A］There’s a paper by the door.［B］The paper must have blown away.［C］He should look further under the desk.［D］He can buy another one at the corner.14. ［A］11: 25.［B］11: 40.［C］11: 46.［D］11: 26.15.［A］The rent is too high.［B］He can’t afford the high taxes.［C］He doesn’t want to live in the suburbs.［D］It’s too far away from his office.16.［A］No. He has to finish his homework.［B］No. He doesn’t like g oing to the club.［C］Yes. He’ll go after he finishes his homework.［D］Yes. He’ll write his paper after he returns.17. ［A］She lost her way. ［B］She lost her keys.［C］She lost her car. ［D］She lost her handbag.18.［A］Worried and frightened. ［B］Very relaxed.［C］Quite unhappy. ［D］Angry with the professor. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. ［A］In a classroom.［B］In a snack bar.［C］In the dormitory.［D］In a camera shop.20.［A］The man’s brother.［B］The man’s roommate.［C］A neighbor.［D］A photographer.21.［A］He’s noisy.［B］He’s messy.［C］He doesn’t tell the truth.［D］He doesn’t close the door. 22.［A］He worked for a radio station.［B］He lived in a dormitory.［C］He took a long trip.［D］He visited the man’s family. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］One of his classes finished early.［B］He wanted to get some studying done.［C］The library had a special display on the Industrial Revolution.［D］His books were ten days overdue.24. ［A］Checked them out.［B］T ook notes on them.［C］Returned them to the shelves.［D］Put them in his bookbag.25. ［A］They are marked with colored labels.［B］They are specially coded.［C］They are checked out.［D］They are inspected by the guard.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage Oneheard.26. ［A］To show off their wealth.［B］T o feel good.［C］To regain their memory.［D］T o be different from others.27.［A］To help solve their psychological problems.［B］T o play games with them.［C］To send them to the hospital.［D］T o make them aware of its harmfulness.28. ［A］They need care and affection.［B］They are fond of round the world trips.［C］They are mostly from broken families.［D］They are likely to commit crimes.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. ［A］He lost consciousness.［B］He was slightly wounded.［C］He was seriously injured.［D］He was buried under an icebox.30. ［A］About four days.［B］Around eight days.［C］A day and a half.［D］More than six days.31. ［A］His father pulled him out in time.［B］He left the area before the earthquake.［C］He stayed in an icebox.［D］Their house escaped the earthquake.Passage Threeheard.32. ［A］They want to change the way English is taught.［B］They learn English to find well-paid jobs.［C］They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.［D］They know clearly what they want to learn.33. ［A］Professionals.［B］College students.［C］Beginners.［D］Intermediate earners.34. ［A］Courses for doctors.［B］Courses for businessmen.［C］Courses for reporters.［D］Courses for lawyers.35. ［A］Three groups of learners.［B］The importance of business English.［C］English for Specific Purposes.［D］Features of English for different papacies.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy sourcerecently. However, it(36)__________ will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling(37)___________ of natural gas and oil. Although coal(38)______________to be black, it actually has black, yellow, orange, and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope.Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by(39)______________trees and other plant life growing in(40)_____________. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen, hydrogen, and (41)____________ . As the earth changed its (42)__________, the weight of the ground (43)____________ down on the trees and plants. Thus seamsof coal were formed.(44)_________________________. Strip mining is quicker and safer than underground mining, but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. (45)_____________________. While both underground and strip mines still can be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were.(46)_____________________. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite safe and very important.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 47 you money or can add to the cost. Take the 48 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 49 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 50 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 51 to dry yourhair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer themost expensive one of all.So what principles should you 52 when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 53 in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money i n the long run. Before you buy a new 54 , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 55 , or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 56three items or three estimates.［A］possession［B］save［C］best［D］appliance［E］material［F］from［G］simple［H］with［I］in［J］element［K］model［L］item［M］easy［N］adopt［O］reasonableSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For eachof them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friendsbut need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft.If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but moreintense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.57.The second paragraph implies that_____________ .［A］teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems［B］a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship［C］human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging［D］both A and B58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that ______________.［A］everyone is a part of an island ［B］man cannot be an island［C］everyone is just a part of society ［D］society is an island59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on_____________.［A］age［B］belonging［C］personality ［D］culture60. The author thinks that close friends_____________________.［A］can be easily formed when one is young［B］cannot be long-lasting［C］are not rare for everyone［D］are rare for most people61.The w ord “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means______________________.［A］not respecting ［B］dishonoring［C］regardless［D］consideringPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle’s husband, an engineer, took his four ch ildren up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, therehad been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home—the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. “It’s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore otherpeople’s pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act.By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.”62.When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle_________.［A］could not forgive him for taking the children［B］had been expecting it to happen for some time［C］could not understand why［D］blamed herself for what had happened63. Most people who leave their families behind them___________.［A］do so without warning［B］do so because of their debts［C］come back immediately［D］change their names64. Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spousebecause___________.［A］their spouse would feel no pain during the death［B］their spouse’s death w ould not blow their pride and confidence［C］a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failure［D］their spouse’s death would make them feel less painful65.The man or woman left behind with an unfinished marriage usually______________.［A］admits responsibility for the situation［B］wishes the person who has left were dead［C］comes back within a year［D］will have no legal marriage life for seven years66. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as___________________.［A］an act of despair［B］an act of selfishness［C］the result of a sudden decision［D］the result of the enormous sense of guiltPart ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Modern people wear many masks that keep their reality confined and 67 , even to themselves. The possibility of encountering one’s 68 , learning about one’s self, is frightening and 69 . Many people expect 70 the worst. A hidden fear 71 the fact that they may also discover the best. To discover the worst is to face the decision of 72 or not to continue in the same pattern. To learn the best is to face the decision of whether or not to live up 73 it. 74 discovery may involve change and 75 causes anxiety. 76 , this can be a creative anxiety which may be thought of as excitement—the excitement of enhancing one’s 77 for being a winner. Transactional analysis is a(n) 78 you can use to know yourself, to know how you relate to others, and to discover the dramatic 79 your life is taking. The unit of personality structure is the ego state. By becoming 80 of your ego state, you can 81 between your various sources of thoughts, feelings, and behavior pattern. You can be more aware of thechoices available to you.The unit of measure in interpersonal relationships is the 82 . By analyzing your transactions, you can gain a 83 conscious control of how you operate with other people and how they operate with you. Transactional analysis is a practical 84 from which you can 85 old decisions and behavior and change 86 you decide is desirablefor you to change.67.［A］known［B］unknown［C］surrounded［D］unlimited68. ［A］mask ［B］armor［C］reality［D］fact69. ［A］frustrating ［B］exciting［C］interesting［D］encouraging70. ［A］discovering ［B］to discover［C］be discovered ［D］to be discovered71. ［A］relies on ［B］lies in［C］based on［D］according to72. ［A］how ［B］why［C］what［D］whether73. ［A］to ［B］on［C］with［D］in74. ［A］Both［B］Either［C］One［D］Neither75. ［A］therefore ［B］however［C］even［D］but76. ［A］Therefore ［B］Moreover［C］Then［D］However77. ［A］possibility ［B］pattern［C］anxiety［D］decision78. ［A］instrument ［B］appliance［C］equipment［D］tool79. ［A］course ［B］process［C］track［D］direction80. ［A］beware ［B］aware［C］awake［D］unconscious81. ［A］choose ［B］change ［C］distinguish［D］compare82. ［A］transaction ［B］transition［C］transmission［D］transformation83. ［A］much ［B］more［C］few［D］little84. ［A］desire ［B］frame ［C］stage［D］step85. ［A］evaluate ［B］change［C］make［D］decide86. ［A］which ［B］that［C］whether ［D］whatPart Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinesegiven in brackets.87. The price of beer_________________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summerseason.88.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__________________(正在研制) and perfected now.89. He wears a pair of sunglasses____________________(唯恐被别人认出来).91.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you_________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the timebeing.92.The substance does not dissolve in water______________ (不管是否加热).2009年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题答案(十)Part I Writing【写作思路】要求写一篇关于宿舍生活的议论文。
2010年12月英语四级真题及答案(含解析)
2010年12月英语四级答案【作文范文】范文1:Today in China, many families have only one child. So the children usually doted upon by all family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and family members, as a result they lack the ability to face their lives by themselves.There are some ways to help children to be independent. First, the child should have a chance to see the world around him individually to understand that there are various people and competitions in their lives, and learn to find his right position in the society only by individual efforts. Second, it is impossible to ask a child not to depend on parents at once.The parents may give the child enough help and space to make him feel comfortable. A child needs help from their families. Because without any help, the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents can help their children make their own decisions, which can challenge his ability to deal with problems. A child should be praised when he is successful or encouraged when he fails.To be independent is vital for the children, because no parents can go with their children for the whole life. Only an independent person can live and enjoy a full and meaningful life.范文2：Nowadays, more and more parents indulge their children too much, showing too much love to them. The parents get used to make an arrangement of everything for their children. As result, many adult children will not deal with things by themselves but depend on their parents strongly.How should parents help children to be independent? On the one hand, parents should try to tell the children the importance of independence at an early age. If the children have no awareness early, how can we expect them to achieve independence later. On the other hand, let the children always have a try by themselves before asking for help. Let them know that independent thinking is an absolute necessity in their life.Helping children towards independence will always be our businesses.【快速阅读】（1）选A: People instinltively seek nature in different ways.解析：问题是作者的profound belief，第一段的最后一句给出了答案，whether we know we are doing so or not（不管我们知道与否）相当于句中的instinctively（本能地）.（2）选D: Things that are purchased.解析：文中第二段最后一句给出了答案，“odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought”，奇怪的新观念，什么对孩子最好，能买到的东西。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版）
2010年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. ⽬前不少⽗母为孩⼦包办⼀切2. 为了让孩⼦独⽴, ⽗母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎⽯) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, thedamage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment canreduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2010年12月英语四级(CET-4)考试真题
2010年12月英语四级(CET-4)考试真题及答案2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题[本文为2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题(word版)。
包括：Part I Writing、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)、Part III Listening Comprehension、Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)、Part V Cloze、Part VI Translation。
]Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. Thisreminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills.Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions ：For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed 30 30 30 minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write a a a short short essay essay entitled entitled entitled How How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? . . . Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked marked [A], [A], [A], [B], [B], [B], [C] and [C] and [D]. [D]. For For For questions questions questions 8-10, 8-10, 8-10, complete complete complete the the the sentences sentences sentences with with with the the the information information given in the passage. A Grassroots Remedy Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go go fishing, fishing, fishing, sit sit sit in in in the the the garden, garden, garden, drink drink drink outside outside outside rather rather rather than than than inside inside inside the the the pub, pub, pub, have have have a a a picnic, picnic, picnic, live live live in in in the the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don ’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. But But despite despite despite this, this, our our children children children are are are growing growing growing up up up nature-deprived nature-deprived nature-deprived ((丧失). ). I I I spent spent spent my my my boyhood boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient ancient freedoms, freedoms, freedoms, due due to to problems problems problems like like like crime, crime, crime, traffic, traffic, traffic, the the the loss loss loss of of of the the the open open open spaces and spaces and odd odd new new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and and the the the children children children were were were assessed assessed assessed for for for ADHD ADHD —attention attention deficit deficit deficit hyperactivity hyperactivity hyperactivity disorder disorder disorder ((多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. A A study study study in in in Sweden Sweden Sweden indicated indicated indicated that that that kindergarten kindergarten kindergarten children children children who who who could could could play play play in in in a a a natural natural environment environment had had had less less less illness illness illness and and and greater greater greater physical physical physical ability ability ability than than than children children children used used used only only only to to to a a a normal normal playground. playground. A A A US US US study study study suggested suggested suggested that that that when when when a a a school school school gave gave gave children children children access access access to to to a a a natural natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. Most Most bullying bullying bullying ((恃强凌弱) ) is is is found found found in in in schools schools schools where where where there there there is is is a a a tarmac tarmac tarmac ((柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife. But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated treated with with with drugs. drugs. drugs. Y et Y et one one one study study study after after after another another another indicates indicates indicates that that that contact contact contact with with with nature nature nature gives gives gives huge huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places. The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. In wider and more more difficult difficult areas areas of of life, there is is evidence evidence to indicate indicate that that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. e W e tend tend tend to to to look look look on on on nature nature nature conservation conservation conservation as as as some some some kind kind kind of of of favour favour favour that that that human human human beings beings beings are are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, themselves, but but but the the the very very very idea idea idea that that that humanity humanity humanity and and and the the the natural natural natural world world world are are are separable separable separable things things things is is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given given or or or received received received a a a bunch bunch bunch of of of flowers flowers flowers or or or chosen chosen chosen to to to walk walk walk through through through the the the park park park on on on a a a nice nice nice day, day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human. Five ways to find harmony with the natural world Walk: Walk: Break Break Break the the the rhythm rhythm rhythm of of permanently permanently being being being under under under a a a roof. roof. roof. Get Get Get off off off a a a stop earlier, stop earlier, make make a a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that ’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. Drink: Drink: The The The best best best way way way to to to enjoy enjoy enjoy the the the natural natural natural world world world is is is by by by yourself; yourself; yourself; the the the second second second best best best way way way is is is in in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Learn: Expand Expand Expand your your your boundaries. boundaries. boundaries. Learn Learn Learn five five five species species species of of of bird, bird, bird, five five five butterflies, butterflies, butterflies, five five five trees, trees, trees, five five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life. Travel: Travel: The The The places places places you you you always always always wanted wanted wanted to to to visit: visit: visit: by by by the the the seaside, seaside, seaside, in in in the the the country, country, country, in in in the the the hills. hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, woods, for for for the the the birds, birds, birds, for for for the the the bees. bees. bees. Go Go Go somewhere somewhere somewhere special special special and and and bring bring bring specialness specialness specialness home. home. home. It It It lasts lasts forever, after all. 上作答。
2010年12月大学英语六级考试模拟题四
2010年12月英语六级考试预测试题及答案四Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Salary or Interest. Y ou should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 如今的大学毕业生面临的职业选择：兴趣重要还是工资重要2. 你的观点3. 结论Salary or InterestPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.April Fools' Special: History's HoaxesHappy April Fools' Day. To mark the occasion, National Geographic News has compiled a list of some of the more memorable hoaxes in recent history. They are the lies, darned(可恨的) lies, and whoppers(弥天大谎)that have been perpetrated on the gullible(易受骗的)and unsuspecting to fulfill that age-old desire held by some to put the joke on others.Internet HoaxesThe Internet has given birth to a proliferation(增殖)of hoaxes. E-mail inboxes are bombarded on an almost daily basis with messages warning of terrible computer viruses that cause users to delete benign(良性)chunks of data from their hard drives, or of credit card scams that entice the naive to give all their personal information, including passwords and bank account details, to identity thieves. Other e-mails give rise to wry(歪曲的)chuckles, which is where this list begins.Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide(一氧化二氢)City officials in Aliso Viejo, California, were so concerned about the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide that they scheduled a vote last month on whether to ban foam(泡沫)cups from city-sponsored events after they learned the chemical was used in foam-cup production.Officials called off the vote after learning that dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific term for water."It's embarrassing," city manager David J. Norman told the Associated Press. "We had a paralegal(律师助手)who did bad research."Indeed, the paralegal had fallen victim to an official-looking Web site touting the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. An e-mail originally authored in 1990 by Eric Lechner, then a graduate student at the University of California, Santa Cruz, claimed that dihydrogen monoxide "is used as an industrial solvent and coolant, and is used in the production of Styrofoam(聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料)."Other dangers pranksters(爱开玩笑的人)associated with the chemical included accelerated corrosion and rusting, severe burns, and death from inhalation.V ersions of the e-mail continue to circulate today, and several Web sites, including that of theCoalition to Ban DHMO, warn, tongue-in-cheek, of water's dangers.Alabama Changes V alue of PiThe April 1998 newsletter put out by New Mexicans for science and Reason contains an article titled "Alabama Legislature Lays Siege to Pi". It was penned by April Holiday of the Associmated Press (sic) and told the story of how the Alabama state legislature voted to change the value of the mathematical constant Pi from 3.14159 to the round number of 3.The ersatz(假的)news story was written by Los Alamos National Laboratory physicist Mark Boslough to parody(滑稽地模仿)legislative and school board attacks on the teaching of evolution in New Mexico.At Boslough's suggestion, Dave Thomas, the president of New Mexicans for science and Reason, posted the article in its entirety to the Internet newsgroup Talk. Origins on April 1. (The newsgroup hosts a lively debate on creation vs. evolution.) Later that evening Thomas posted a full confession to the hoax. He thought he had put all rumors to bed.But to Thomas's surprise, however, several newsgroup readers forwarded the article to friends and posted it on other newsgroups.When Thomas checked in on the story a few weeks later, he was surprised to learn that it had spread like wildfire. The telltale signs of the article's satirical intent, such as the April 1 date and misspelled "Associmated Press" dateline, had been replaced or deleted.Alabama legislators were bombarded with calls protesting the law. The legislators explained that the news was a hoax. There was not and never had been such a law.TV and Newspaper HoaxesBefore the advent of the Internet, and even today, traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio, and television, have sometimes hoaxed their audiences. The deceptions run the gamut from purported natural disasters to wishful news.Swiss Spaghetti (意大利式细面条) HarvestAlex Boese, curator of the Museum of Hoaxes, a regularly updated Web site that also appeared in book form in November 2002, said one of his favorite hoaxes remains one perpetrated by the British Broadcasting Company.On April 1, 1957, the BBC aired a report on the television news show Panorama about the bumper spaghetti harvest in southern Switzerland.Viewers watched Swiss farmers pull pasta off spaghetti trees as the show's anchor, Richard Dimbleby, attributed the bountiful harvest to the mild winter and the disappearance of the spaghetti weevil.The broadcaster detailed the ins and outs of the life of the spaghetti farmer and anticipated questions about how spaghetti grows on trees. Thousands of people believed the report and called the BBC to inquire about growing their own spaghetti trees, to which the BBC replied, "Place a sprig of spaghetti in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best.""It was a great satirical effect about British society," Boese said. "British society really was like that at that time. The British have a tendency to be a bit insulated(绝缘的) and do not know that much about the rest of Europe."Taco Liberty BellOn April 1, 1996, readers in five major U.S. cities opened their newspapers to learn from a full page announcement that the Taco Bell Corporation had purchased the Liberty Bell from the U.S. government. The announcement reported that the company was relocating the historic bellfrom Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Irvine, California. The move, the corporation said in the advertisement, was part of an "effort to help the national debt".Hundreds of other newspapers and television shows ran stories related to the press release on the matter put out by Taco Bell's public relations firm, PainePR. Outraged citizens called the Liberty Bell National Historic Park in Philadelphia to express their disgust. A few hours later the public relations firm released another press announcement stating that the stunt was a hoax.White House press secretary Mike McCurry got into the act when he remarked that the government would also be "selling the Lincoln Memorial to Ford Motor Company and renaming it the Lincoln-Mercury Memorial".Crop CirclesStrange, circular formations began to appear in the fields of southern England in the mid-1970s, bringing busloads of curious onlookers, media representatives, and believers in the paranormal out to the countryside for a look.A sometimes vitriolic(讽刺的)debate on their origins has since ensued(跟着发生), and the curious formations have spread around the world, becoming more and more elaborate as the years go by.Some people consider the crop formations to be the greatest works of modern art to emerge from the 20th century, while others are convinced they are signs of extraterrestrial communications or landing sites of UFOs.The debate rages even today, although in 1991 Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, two elderly men from Wiltshire County, came forward and claimed responsibility for the crop circles that appeared there over the preceding 20 years. The pair made the circles by pushing down nearly ripe crops with a wooden plank suspended from a rope.Moon Landing—a Hoax?Ever since NASA sent astronauts to the moon between 1969 and 1972, skeptics have questioned whether the Apollo missions were real or simply a ploy to one-up(领先)the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The debate resurfaced and reached crescendo levels in February 2001, when For television aired a program called Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?Guests on the show argued that NASA did not have the technology to land on the moon. Anxious to win the space race, NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios, they said. The conspiracy theorists pointed out that the pictures transmitted from the moon do not include stars and that the flag the Americans planted on the moon is waving, even though there is though to be no breeze on the moon.NASA quickly refuted these claims in a series of press releases, stating that any photographer would know it is difficult to capture something very bright and very dim on the same piece of film. Since the photographers wanted to capture the astronauts striding across the lunar surface in their sunlit space suits, the background stars were too faint to see.As for the flag, NASA said that the astronauts were turning it back and forth to get in firmly planted in the lunar soil, which made it wave.1. Some people have the age-old desire to put the joke on others.2. According to the passage, the only form of Internet hoaxes is e-mail hoax.3. Dihydrogen monoxide is a very dangerous chemical, which is often used as an industrial solvent.4. Dihydrogen monoxide can accelerate corrosion and rusting, and cause sever burns andeven death from inhalation.5. The reason why the ersatz news that Alabama changed the value of Pi spread wildly was that ________ forwarded the article to friends and posted it on other newsgroups.6. Traditional media outlets such as ________ may still hoax their audiences nowadays.7. According to Boese, many people believed the report of Swiss spaghetti harvest because the British did not know ________.8. According to a hoax announcement, the Taco Bell Corporation bough the Liberty Bell and moved it to Irvine to help ________.9. The crop circles were thought to be the greatest works of modern art, the signs of ________ or landing sites of UFOs.10. Some people thought that NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios partially because the pictures transmitted from the moon do not include ________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11. [A] She's enjoying the music.[B] The music will keep her awake.[C] The music doesn't bother her.[D] She would prefer a different style of music.12. [A] She will take the subway.[B] She will hurry to the conference.[C] She will skip the conference and go sightseeing[D] She will take a bus.13. [A] She thinks big parties are too impersonal.[B] She would like to invite friends to a big party.[C] She feels she has to spend a lot of money in holding big parties.[D] She would like to be invited to small parties.14. [A] It is quite unexpected.[B] She has already got the news.[C] She has confidence in the man.[D] It is not exciting to learn about it.15. [A] He is not satisfied with the pay.[B] He is not able to enjoy paid holidays.[C] The job is not very challenging for him.[D] There is no hope of promotion.16. [A] He has to change the topic for his composition.[B] He has fallen behind others in English class.[C] He hasn't made up his mind as to what to write about.[D] The book he borrowed will be due tomorrow.17. [A] She is against the man's plan.[B] She thinks it needs a lot of money.[C] They need some time to think about it.[D] It's good for his career development.18. [A] She should present him a book on music.[B] The teacher has some interests other than reading.[C] It's a good idea because the teacher loves reading.[D] The teacher would like to have a book on language teaching.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] He is a professional electrician.[B] He possesses a basic knowledge of electricity.[C] He knows nothing about electricity.[D] Electricity is his major.20. [A] To wire her office. [B] To fix the transformer.[C] To wire her building. [D] To fix the wires.21. [A] The transformer. [B] The battery.[C] The fuses. [D] The wires.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] At a public forum. [B] In an auditorium.[C] On TV. [D] In a classroom.23. [A] Exposing oneself to the target culture.[B] Attending regularly a good language program.[C] Coming up with a study plan.[D] Developing good note-taking skills.24. [A] A realistic goal for learners is to reach a certain level of language proficiency, not native fluency.[B] Students can achieve native-like pronunciation through focused study.[C] Learners should interact with native speakers to gain greater fluency.[D] Teachers need to help students foster a good self-esteem and confidence.25. [A] Remembering as many words as possible.[B] Learning only useful words.[C] Remembering a lot of words a day.[D] Learning to use a few words a day.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Food is no longer a basic need for us, while it was for primitive people.[B] We eat a wide variety of food.[C] We no longer eat fruit that primitive people ever ate.[D] We eat more food than primitive people did.27. [A] It is needed to adjust the temperature of our bodies.[B] It is our second need.[C] We need clothing to cover our bodies.[D] Weather is changing all the time.28. [A] The climate. [B] One's social position.[C] The materials available. [D] Family size.29. [A] Human Basic Needs. [B] Material Comfort.[C] Food: Human Basic Need. [D] Basic Necessities of Life.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations.[B] Facial expressions can cause misunderstanding across culture.[C] People from one culture may lack facial expressions because they experience less emotion.[D] Facial expressions may disguise true feelings.31. [A] They smile to cover embarrassment[B] It is an unusual and even suspicious behavior.[C] They smile to show politeness.[D] It is an expression of pleasure.32. [A] We shouldn't judge people by reading their faces.[B] We shouldn't smile in the wrong place.[C] We shouldn't cover our true feelings.[D] We shouldn't express our emotions too openly.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] In 1938. [B] In 1946. [C] In 1955. [D] During World War II.34. [A] It reflects commercial interests.[B] It is a fashionable professional event.[C] It is an essential affair for international cinema.[D] It is more concerned with the art of film than with financial interests.35. [A] It is awarded to the best film of the festival.[B] It was introduced in 1959.[C] It was introduced by a commercial organization.[D] Only American directors have received this award.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Taking your dog on vacation may have been (36) ________ a decade ago, but today it's free.(37) ________ the pet-friendly hotel, where dogs are just part of the family, the LoewsMiami Beach has had more than 1,200 (38) ________ guests so far this year. Dogs, like kids, stay free there.A lot of people just want to travel with their animals, so the hotel (39) ________ guests to come with their pets. The hotel has a special (40) ________ for them from the time they enter the door till the time they leave.There are fresh grapes by the pool for the discerning dog and a cup of ice cubes for the hot dog. And don't forget the special doggie dinner menu. The hotel kitchen (41) ________ to canines as well as their masters. The most popular dog dish is a (42) ________ of beef, vegetables and rice. It's really great. (43) ________, the people food is even better.(44) ________________________. Some of them don't have children, and the dogs may fill that gap for them. (45) ________________________. But what pet wouldn't want to be welcomed back to a welcome meal that includes an all-beef hamburger bone?(46) ________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Wild ducks and other migratory(迁移的) birds could be important carriers of deadly bird flu, researchers say. Even so, the infectious-disease experts say there is no solid basis for killing wild birds to protect poultry and minimize the risk of human infection.The European team investigating the global spread of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza(禽流感)says certain duck species may be infecting wild bird populations. Geese and wading birds are also possible vectors(带菌者)of the virus, the team says.The team's study was led by Björn Olsen of Umea University in Sweden. Olsen runs Europe's largest wild-bird flu monitoring program.Studies have shown that influenza viruses in lake water, generally passed via bird feces(粪), can stay infectious for up to 30 days. The migration or feeding behavior of dabbling ducks could at least partially explain the spread of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, the researchers add.This group of duck species includes mallards, teal, pintails, and others that feed at or near the surface, where viruses in water are most likely to be picked up. Perhaps as a result, dabblers have the highest known rates of avian influenza infection, the study says. For instance, nearly 13 percent of mallards tested positive for bird flu. Other species tested include the American black duck (18.1 percent), blue-winged teal (11.5 percent), and northern pintail (11.2 percent).However, bird flu viruses appear to exist in ducks in a low-pathogenic form, meaning infection doesn't usually lead to severe illness and death."Dabbling ducks are for sure the prime hosts for low pathogenic viruses," said study co-author Ron Fouchier, a virologist at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands. "But the big question is, how much of our knowledge about these viruses can we translate to high-pathogenic viruses such as the H5N1 strain of bird flu?"In poultry avian viruses can mutate(变异)into more virulent influenza strains, including H5N1. If this mutated virus then finds its way back into wild populations, the birds could then spread the disease through migration.Some scientists have argued that wild birds infected with HN51 would be too ill to migrate. Swans, for instance, appear to be particularly vulnerable to the strain. "Swans apparently drop dead quite easily, but they are unlikely to be the vector because they are not going to fly very far if they are dead," Fouchier said.But the study team says that some birds that have been purposely infected for the sake of research show that wild birds can survive H5N1. "For some reason H5N1 has adapted so it no longer kills dabbling ducks," Fouchier said. This means the ducks may be able to spread the virus over a wide area.The study team says migratory geese may also be vectors, because they often graze in huge flocks, a practice that could encourage transmission.Migrating ducks, the researchers add, "could provide an intercontinental bridge" for bird flu to North America, which has not yet had any known cases of H5N1.47. According to the author, what may be the possible carriers of bird flu?48. The main sources of influenza viruses in lake water are ________, which may stay infectious for up to 30 days.49. By saying "bird flu viruses appear to exist in ducks in a low-pathogenic form" (Para. 6), the author suggests that infection ________.50. On what condition can the birds spread the influenza through migration?51. According to the study team, ________ is a practice that can encourage transmission of the bird flu.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human inter-living, long enough to set back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.V oices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets on the issue of nuclear energy. "Give it back," say some of the voices, "It doesn't really work, we've tried it and it doesn't work. Go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man."The principle discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance of nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, and matters of absolute certainty-Newtonian mechanics, for example-have slipped through our fingers; and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, and ambiguities. Some of the laws of physics are amended every few years; some are canceled outright; some undergo revised versionsof legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear: the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today's imagining.It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.52. What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph?[A] Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.[B] For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science.[C] Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously.[D] Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method.53. The principle discovery in this century shows ________.[A] man has overthrown Newton's laws of physics[B] man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzles[C] man has lost many scientific discoveries[D] man has given up some of the once accepted theories54. Now scientists have found in the past few years ________.[A] the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessary[B] the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machine[C] man knows nothing about DNA[D] man has much to learn about DNA55. The writer's main purpose in writing the passage is to say that ________.[A] science is just at its beginning[B] science has greatly improved man's life[C] science has made profound progress[D] science has done too little to human beings56. The writer's attitude towards science is ________.[A] critical [B] approving [C] neutral [D] regretfulPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树) stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its "urban heat islands", said William Abolt, thecommissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops-soak up heat. The retention can bake a building, making it stubborn to cooling.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that," said the city officials, "will save the city dollars on those blistering summer days." The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The sprawling open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multi-tiered bed of special soil, polystyrene, egg-carton-shaped cones and "waterproof membrane" mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain and plant life.The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of compost is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills."The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life", Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air.Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery dangling over terraces or sprouting from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment.Richard M. Daley, who urged the environmental department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country.It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 species-wild onion and butterfly weed, sky-blue aster and buffalo grass-to provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.57. The rooftop garden project ________.[A] is common and popular in the country[B] is a demonstration project and costs the city government 1.5 million dollars[C] will make the ordinary cooling down of the city in summer unnecessary[D] aims at getting people involved and understanding their impact on the environment58. What can we learn about the City Hall?[A] It was built ninety years ago and is the most outstanding feature in the center of the city.[B] It is originally proper to build a garden on the top of the City Hall.[C] The temperature on its top is a little bit lower than that on the street below.[D] It is the first building in America to have a garden on it.59. Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] Every year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on cooling the city.[B] The design of the garden on the City Hall specially takes into consideration the weight the roof can stand.[C] The Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftop gardens in Hamburg。
最新 2010年12月英语四六级考试翻译高分训练题(2)-精品
2010年12月英语四六级考试翻译高分训练题(2)1.(这个计划成功的关键) ___________is good planning.2. The specific use of leisure______(每一人都不同)3. The ship ' s generator broke down and thepumps____________________( 不得不用手工操作 ) instead of mechanically.4. Although punctual himself, the professor was quiteused______________( 习惯了学生迟到 ) his lecture.5. I prefer to communicate with my customers ______( 通过写电子邮件而不是打电话)6. After the terrorist attack, tourists ______ ( 被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)7.( 他把自己奉献于社区工作 ) ______ and is passionate about whathe is doing.8. Man should not exploit the natural resources ______ ( 以牺牲其他物种为代价 ).9. When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ______ ( 把此归因于她对未来的信念 ).10. At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______ ( 不要让父母失望 ).11. In the budget for this building, they failed to __( 考虑价格增长的因素 ).12. Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ).13. I didn ' t even speak to him, ____( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ).14. Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt.15. The victim _____( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time .。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试完整版标准答案
2010年12月大学英语四级考试完整版标准答案第一篇：2010年12月大学英语四级考试完整版标准答案2010年12月大学英语四级考试完整版标准答案2010年12月大学英语四级考试今天已落下帷幕，搜索、综合各大网站的有关本次考试的答案和解析，发布2010年12月英语四级考试的试题和参考答案。
2010年12月英语四级考试作文及1至91题参考答案公布，该答案全部来源于网络，答案准确性请大家自行斟酌。
第一部分：作文英语四级作文题目：How Should Parents Help Students to Be Independent1、目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2、为了让孩子独立，父母应该…… 英语四级作文范文： In recent years, floods of parents are willing to make arrangements and decisions for their children.And there’s no denying that majority of children take their parents’ concerns for granted.According to statistics, over 80% of parents still accompany their children to the universities, even the examinations.In this essay, I will discuss the measures that should be taken to help students be independent and offer my view on it。
First and foremost, parents should abandon the stereotyped role in Chinese parenting and render their children free to the fascinating world.Besides, we, the children themselves, should manage our own daily stuffs.In addition, the society should set up more courses and camps for children to cultivate their capability to be independent。
四级考试真题(2010年12月)
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立，父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they d on’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD —attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, resear cher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.1. What is the author’s profound belief?[A] People have quite different perceptions of nature.[B] People must make more efforts to study nature.[C] People instinctively seek nature in different ways.[D] People should spend most of their lives in the wild.2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?[A] Things that are natural.[B] Things that are purchased.[C] Urban surroundings.[D] Personal freedom.3. What does a study in Sweden show?[A] A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.[B] More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.[C] Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.[D] The natural environment can help children learn better.4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ______.[A] tend to develop a strong love for science[B] are more likely to fantasise about wildlife[C] tend to be physically tougher in adulthood[D] are less likely to be involved in bullying5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?[A] Place them under more personal care.[B] Provide more green spaces for them.[C] Find more effective drugs for them.[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?[A] They enjoy a life of better quality.[B] They look on life optimistically.[C] They become good-humoured.[D] They are able to live longer.7. Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ______.[A] access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence[B] it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged[C] humanity and nature are complementary to each other[D] wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be __________________________.9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without __________________________.10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek__________________________ with the natural world.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] The man should visit the museums. [B] The beach resort is a good choice.[C] She enjoys staying in Washington. [D] She can’t stand the hot weather.12. [A] What her job prospects are. [B] Her new responsibilities in the company.[C] The director’s opinion of her work. [D] What the customers’ feedback is.13. [A] Include weightlifting in the program. [B] Combine her training with dieting.[C] Repeat the training every three days. [D] Avoid excessive physical training.14. [A] When she will return home. [B] Whether she can go by herself.[C] Whether she can travel by air. [D] When she will completely recover.15. [A] The woman had been fined many times before. [B] The woman had violated traffic regulations.[C] The woman is good at finding excuses. [D] The woman knows how to deal with the police.16. [A] Buy a refrigerator of better quality. [B] Have someone repair the refrigerator.[C] Switch off the refrigerator for a while. [D] Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.17. [A] He can finally do what he has dreamed of. [B] He has got enough money to buy a house.[C] He is moving into a bigger apartment. [D] He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.18. [A] She has to go to see a doctor. [B] She got hurt in an accident yesterday.[C] She is black and blue all over. [D] She stayed away from work for a few days. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] She was a witness to the crime. [B] She was a victim of the robbery.[C] She was a bank manager. [D] She was a defence lawyer.20. [A] A medium-sized young man carrying a gun. [B] A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.[C] A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face. [D] A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.21. [A] Have her photo taken for their files. [B] Go upstairs to sign some document.[C] Verify the record of what she had said. [D] Identify the suspect from pictures.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] By listening to the morning news. [B] By seeing a commercial on TV.[C] By reading a newspaper ad. [D] By calling an employment service.23. [A] She could work close to her family. [B] She could use her previous experiences.[C] She could improve her foreign languages. [D] She could travel overseas frequently.24. [A] Studying for a degree in French. [B] Working as a secretary.[C] Taking management courses. [D] Teaching English at a university.25. [A] Send in a written application as soon as possible.[B] Read the advertisement again for more details.[C] Prepare for an interview in a couple of days. [D] Get to know the candidates on the short list.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.[B] They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.[C] They do not realize the danger they are in.[D] They mistake the firefighters for monsters.27. [A] He often teaches children what to do during a fire.[B] He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.[C] He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.[D] He travels all over America to help put out fires.28. [A] He gives informative talks to young children.[B] He is very good at public speaking.[C] He rescued a student from a big fire.[D] He saved the life of his brother choking on food.29. [A] Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters. [B] Firefighters play an important role in America.[C] Carelessness can result in tragedies. [D] Informative speeches can save lives.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] To fully realize their potential. [B] To satisfy the needs of their family.[C] To make money for early retirement. [D] To gain a sense of their personal worth.31. [A] They may have to continue to work in old age. [B] They may have nobody to depend on in the future.[C] They may regret the time they wasted. [D] They may have fewer job opportunities.32. [A] Saving as much as you can. [B] Making wise use of your time.[C] Enjoying yourself while you can. [D] Working hard and playing hard.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Hardworking students being accused of cheating.[B] Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.[C] Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.[D] Junior employees being made to work overtime.34. [A] Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.[B] Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.[C] Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.[D] Allowing only two students to enter at a time.35. [A] He was taken to the manager. [B] He was closely watched.[C] He was asked to leave. [D] He was overcharged.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, youcan either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) _______ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) _______ their heritage. With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) _______, colleges, and businesses, people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time —or talking to them in writing in online (39) _______ rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) _______ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) _______ to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) _______ and discuss their classroom assignments and to (43) _______ them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate on homework. (44) ____________________________________________________________________________________.Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) __________________________________________________________________________________. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, “I want you to know that I care about you.”(46) ___________________________________________________________________________________, but only in the success of human relationships.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture (养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.[A] abilities [F] displayed [K] proceeds[B] achieve [G] essentially [L] psychological[C] appeal [H] eventually [M] raised[D] complaints [I] extent [N] smart[E] contributions [J] indicates [O] standardSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. S ome areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical(制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ______.[A] university researchers know little about the commercial world[B] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university[C] few university professors are willing to do industrial research[D] there is little exchange between industry and academia58. The word “deterrent” (Line 3, Para.1) most probably refers to something that ______.[A] brings someone a financial burden [B] helps to move the traffic[C] keeps someone from taking action [D] attracts people’s attention59. What was Helen Lee’s major cons ideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?[A] Her research interests. [B] Flexible work hours.[C] Prospects of academic accomplishments. [D] Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ______.[A] do financially more rewarding work [B] raise his status in the academic world[C] exploit better intellectual opportunities [D] enrich his experience in medical research61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?[A] Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.[B] Help it to obtain financial support from industry.[C] Gear its research towards practical applications.[D] Develop its students’ potential in research.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The ef fect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a marri ed man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but as Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”62. William Farr’s study and other studies show that ______.[A] social life provides an effective cure for illness[B] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity[C] women benefit more than men from marriage[D] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life63. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that ______.[A] the married are happier than the unmarried[B] older men should quit smoking to stay healthy[C] marriage can help make up for ill health[D] unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life64. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to ______.[A] the consequence of a broken marriage[B] the emotional problems arising from marriage[C] the responsibility of taking care of one’s family[D] the disadvantages of being married65. What does the author say about social networks?[A] They help develop people’s community spirit.[B] They provide timely support for those in need.[C] They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.[D] They have effects similar to those of a marriage.66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.[B] Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.[C] We should share our social networks with each other.[D] It’s important that we develop a social network when y oung.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Over half the world’s people now live in cities. The latest “Global Report on Human Settlements” says a significant change took place last year. The report 67 this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.A century ago, 68 than five percent of all people lived in cities. 69 the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people.Already three-fourths of people in 71 countries live in cities. Now most urban population 72 is in the developing world.Urbanization can 73 to social and economic progress, but also put 74 on cities to provide housing and 75 . The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move 76 cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, 77 by social divisions and differences in 78 , could result in violence and crime 79 cities plan better.Another issue is urban sprawl (无序扩展的城区). This is where cities 80 quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth.Sprawl is 82 in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the 83 cities to smaller ones. He sees a 84 toward “de-urbanization” across the nation.85 urban economies still provide many 86 that rural areas do not.67. [A] came on [B] came out。
2010年12月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案(3)
2010年12月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案(3) Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topi c: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below i n Chinese:1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……3. 我对网络教育的评价Online Education本文来源:考试大网Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and an swer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed HistoryTom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker & Company, June 2005), Standag e lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present da y."The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today," said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. "They are relics (纪念物)of different hi storical periods still found in our kitchens."Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization.BeerThe ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day lraq, b egan fermenting(发酵)beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago."When people started agriculture the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as br ead and as beer," Standage noted. "It’s the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. It’s as simple as that."Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning."Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and mad e whenever they wanted," said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticultur e and Enology at the University of California, Davis.英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训"The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread," Standage added. "It was t he defining dr ink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today it’s the drink of the working man, and it was then as well."WineWine may be as old or older than beer—though no one can be certain.Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures."To make wine you have to have fresh grapes," said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. "for beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time."Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid."Wine may be easier to make [than beer], but it’s harder to store," Bisson added. "For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch [fermenting grape juice] as wine on i ts way to [becoming] vinegar."Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cac het(威望)than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activiti es.Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grade s of wine for various social classes.The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion.逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- "Once you had regions [like Greece and Rome] that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost," Bisson said. "Beer just wasn’t as special."SpiritsHard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated (安抚)sailors during the long sea voy ages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, a nd early 17th centuries.Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independ ence movement in Britain’s American colonies."Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy," he explaine d. "When the British tried to tax molasses it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea o f ’no taxation without representation’ originated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it refer to tea."Great Britain’s longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navy’s drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒),which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the lat e 18th century."They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice," Standage said. "This im proved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet."Coffee英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训The story of modern coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around A.D. 1000. Sometime around the 15th century, coffee spread throughout the A rab world."In the Arab world, coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as altern atives to taverns(酒馆)—both of which are banned by Islam," Standage said.When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an "anti-alcohol" that was quit e welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century."Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, here’s a drink that sharpen s the mind," Standage said. "The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(聚会地点)to get together a nd exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse."Coffee also fuelled commerce and had strong links to the rituals of business that remain to the present day. Lloyds of London and the London Stock Exchange were both originally cof feehouses.TeaTea became a daily drink in China around the third century A.D.Standage says tea played a leading role in the expansion of imperial and industrial migh t in Great Britain many centuries later. During the 19th century, the East India Company enj oyed a monopoly on tea exports from China."Englishmen around the world could drink tea, whether they were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman," Standage said. "The sun never set on the British Empire—which meant that it was always teatime somewhere."逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries gained steam, tea provided some of the fuel. Factory workers stayed alert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome t ea breaks.The beverage also had unintended health benefits for rapidly growing urban areas. "When you start packing people together in cities it’s helpful to have a water-purification techn ology like tea," which was brewed with boiling water, Standage explained.Coca-colaIn 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-colas a day.Today his soft drink is one of the world’s most valuable brands-sold in more countries than the United Nations has members."It may be the second most widely understood phrase in the world after ’OK’," Standa ge said.The drink has become a symbol of the United States—love it or hate it. Standage notes t hat East Germans quickly reached for Cokes when the Berlin Wall fell, while Thai Muslims pou red it out into the streets to show disdain for the U.S. in the days leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq."Coca-cola encapsulates what happened in the 20th century: the rise of consumer capitali sm and the emergence of America as a superpower," Standage said. "It’s globalization in a b ottle."While Coke may not al ways produce a smile, a survey by the Economist magazine (Standage’s employer), suggests that the soft drink’s presence is a great indicator of happy citizens.英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训 When countries were polled for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola."It’s not because [Coke] makes people happy, but because [its] sales happen in the dyna mic free-market economies that tend to produce happy people," Standage said.1. The passage gives a brief description of the content of a new book, A History of the World in 6 Glasses.2. The ancient Sumerians began fermenting beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.3. Today beer is the drink of the working man, which was not the case before.4. Greeks probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild gra pes.5. The caveats and the expense of producing wine helped it quickly gain more cachet than beer.6. Standage suggests that tea may have been more responsible than rum for the independen ce movement in Britain’s American colonies.7. Coffee is the best drink according to Standage.8. Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout ________.9. During the 19th century, the monopoly on tea exports from China is ________.10. Coca-Cola has become a symbol of ________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Th en mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] They want to go downtown. [C] He doesn’t know where to park the car.[B] He wants to go to the park, but she doesn’t. [D] He wants to find out where the park is.12. [A] Company and customer. [C] Teacher and student’s parent.[B] Repairman and customer. [D]Wife and husband.13. [A] She didn’t like working in a company. [C] She was not good at doing business.[B] She disliked machines. [D] She didn’t like ac counting.14. [A] He has some money to buy a new car.[B] He fails in borrowing enough money from the woman.[C] He will spend much money on his house.[D] He wants to buy a new house and a new car.15. [A] He had much trouble with his pronunciation.[B] He had much trouble with his pronunciation.英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训[C] No one can understand him.[D] He knew nothing about English.16. [A] Frustrated. [C] Excited.[B] Joyful. [D] Sorry.17. [A] He doesn’t like that kind of food. [C] He doesn’t intend to buy them.[B] The woman can do some cooking herself. [D] The woman should stop looking at him.18. [A] Mrs. Fisher wants to go abroad. [C] Mrs. Fisher has no family.[B] Mrs. Fisher is in hospital. [D] There are three people in Mrs. Fisher’s family.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] A study group. [C] The man’s painting.[B] A history exam. [D] A professional artist.20. [A] Making a gift for the woman. [C] Discussing his career.[B] Working on a class assignment. [D] Preparing to teach an art class.21. [A] By listening to her father. [C] By talking to the studio art instructor.[B] By working for an artist. [D] By taking several art courses.22. [A] Take a history exam. [C] Meet some classmates.[B] Go to an art exhibit. [D] Help the man with his painting.逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] A famous photographer. [C] Photographic equipment used in the 1800s.[B] Photographic processes in the 1800s. [D] A new museum.24. [A] Her subject’s home. [C] Her subject’s personality.[B] Her subject’s social status. [D] Her subject’s role in history.25. [A] Children. [C] Well-known people.[B] Historical scenes. [D] Landscapes.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hea r some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a questio n, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Have to buy a special electronic ticket.[B] Have to travel a long way to visit the university.[C] Need an expensive device designed especially for the museum.[D] Need a computer linked to a telephone.英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训27. [A] Provide a place for computer artists to show their work.[B] Sell the art works more easily.[C] Save space of museums for other purposes.[D] Provide more fun for the artists.28. [A] It helps a computer artist to record his pictures electronically.[B] It helps a computer artist to send his pictures to others.[C] It helps a computer artist to print pictures on paper.[D] It helps a computer artist to connect his computer to the art museum.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] 4 years. [C] 8 years.[B] 5 years. [D] at least 9 years.30. [A] Biology. [C] Philosophy.[B] Chemistry. [D] Medicine.31. [A] Each student must pass a national examination.[B] Students who do best in the studies have a greater chance.[C] They can seek to enter a number of medical schools.逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- [D] There are good chances to gain the entrance.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] Guarding the coasts of the United States. [C] Guiding people along the coast.[B] Being part of the United States Navy. [D] Protecting people from enemy attacks.33. [A] Enforcing laws controlling navigation, shipping, immigration and fishing.[B] Enforcing laws affecting the privately-owned boats in the U.S.[C] Searching for missing boats and rescuing people.[D] Training people to be good swimmers along the beach.34. [A] 17,000 [C] 70,000.[B] 1,700. [D] 7,000.35. [A] Dangerous. [C] Exciting.[B] Hard. [D] Dull.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the fir st time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, y ou are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank,英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own w ords. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with me, (36) ________ from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was still at the office at the time, but I had made (37) ________ for his arrival. After explaining where my new flat was, I told him that I had left the key under a piece of stone near the door. As I was likely to be at home rather late, I advised him to go into the (38) ____ ____ and help himself to food and drink.Two hours later, my friend telephoned me from the flat. At the moment, he said, he was listening t o some of my (39) ________ after having just had a truly (40 ) ________ meal. He had found a pan o n the gas (41) ________ and fried two eggs and had helped himself to some cold chicken from the (42) ________. Now he said, he was drinking a glass of orange (43) ________ and he hoped I would join him. (44) ________________________________________ , he answered that he had not been able to find the key under the piece of stone, (45) ________________________________________. I listened to all t his in astonishment. (46) ________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage thro ugh carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may no t use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when yo u are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 47 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memor y glasses that record everything the 48 sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten s uch as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50 by poi nting at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user th en fills in.It could be used in 52 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiri ng a 53 device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 54 could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 55 acci dent black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.[A] allow[B] instance[C] blank[D] industrial英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训[E] frustrating[F] items[G] indicating[H] highlight [I] user[J] complicated[K] white[L] annoying[M] successful[N] articles[O] simpleSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfi nished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should de cide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let’s assume you once a ctually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you com pleted your degree. Isn’t it te mpting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utt er deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like mos t Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, b ut he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known universit y.Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it tu rns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy L eague school calls them "impostors(骗子)"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known W est Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attending" means being dismiss ed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the p ractice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. I f you don’t want to lie or even stretch the trut h, there are companies that will sell you a phony diplom a.One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As t here is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices se em rather high for one sheet of paper.英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训57. The main idea of this passage is that ________ .[A] employers are checking more closely on applicants now[B] lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem[C] college degrees can now be purchased easily[D] employers are no longer interested in college degrees58. According to the passage, "special cases" refers to cases that ________.[A] students attend a school only part-time[B] students never attended a school they listed on their application[C] students purchase false degrees from commercial firms[D] students attended a famous school采集者退散59. We can infer from the passage that ________ .[A] performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree[B] experience is the best teacher[C] past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do[D] a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job compe tition60. This passage implies that ________ .逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- [A] buying a false degree is not moral[B] personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools[C] most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school[D] society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications61. The word "phony" (Line 13, Para. 2) means ________ .[A] thorough [C] false[B] ultimate [D] decisivePassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used—what a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research i nto the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instrument s for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestr a.英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as t hose in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual infl uence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Pri nted versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.One more important part of music’s ma terial culture should be singled out: the influence of the elect ronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising t alking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a t wentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electr onic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.62. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________ .[A] it helps produce new cultural tools and technology[B] it can reflect the development of the nation[C] it helps understand the nation’s past and present[D] it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization63. It can be learned from this passage that ________ .[A] the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music[B] Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony or chestra逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- [C] the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music[D] the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music64. According to the author, music notation is important because ________ .[A] it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it[B] it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians[C] it is the printed version of standardized folk music[D] it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs65. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music ________ .[A] has brought about an information revolution[B] has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of computers[C] has given rise to new forms of music culture[D] has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments66. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?[A] Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.[B] Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.英日韩语培训职业技能培训少儿才艺培训[C] Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.[D] The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices mar ked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cente r.Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, an d parallel 67 the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than b y any other 68 of transport. These 69 make it possible for boats to travel 70 ports along the coast witho ut being 71 to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships wee ks of time by making their 72 a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that ar e not 73 on the coast; still other canals 74 lands where there is too much water, help to 75 fields wher e there is not enough water, and 76 water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal 77 on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to 78 each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water 79 the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first 80 through a telescope, people saw that th e round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a 81 of strange blue-green lines. These were called "ca nals" 82 they looked the same as canals on earth 83 are viewed from an airplane. However, scientists ar e now 84 that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs 85 from space-ships have h elped us to 86 the truth about the Martian "canals".67. [A] off [B] with [C] to [D] by逸仙教育培训机构咨询热线：0512- 。
2010年12月大学英语四级真题附答案解析
2010年12月大学英语四级真题及答案详解Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?..Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now basedon imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour becau se its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightlyrenewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2010年12月英语四六级翻译答案及解析
参考答案（翻译部分）87．___________________(为了确保他参加会议)，I called him up in advance.解析：In order to ensure him to attend the meetingTo ensure his attendance at the meeting【结构分析】本题句子的主干“I called him up in advance”已经给出，无需翻译，需要翻译部分为“为了确保他能参加会议”。
该部分在句子中作目的状语【考点解释】本题考查是目的状语。
①目的状语可以由to/in order to来引导。
②确保ensure sb to do 确保某人做某事，ensure sth 确保某事【原句精释】为了确保他参加会议，我已经提前给他电话了。
88．The significant museum________________(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.解析：is said to have been built【结构分析】本题句子的主语为the significant museum，缺谓语，即（据说建成于）about a hundred years ago为时间状语。
【考点解释】本题重点考查：①被动语态。
主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在过去。
②据说be said to；be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。
【原句精释】据说这座意义深远的博物馆大约建成于一百年前。
89．There would be no life on earth ____________________ (没有地球独特的环境)。
解析: without its unique environmentbut for its unique environment【结构分析】本题句子含有There be结构。
2010年12月英语四级考试答案
（作文范文及解析）How Should Parents Help Children to be IndependentNowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work and marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents' trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.今年的作文主题非常贴近考生的生活，给了考生很大的发挥空间，擅长写日常生活细节的学生可以写上三五个句子勾勒父母对于子女的过度关爱，而擅长逻辑思考的学生则可以更多地阐述父母怎样的行为才可以培养子女独立的品格，而过度宠爱正导致了独立精神的消失。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?写法解析：说说今天的作文吧，典型的给定观点的文章，也可以说是问题解决的文章。
这样文章开头有一个背景引入：父母为孩子包办一切。
观点很明确：这样是有危害的，家长应该让孩子们独立！。
接下来就是该怎么做。
但是提纲是只给了两点，需要我们写出三段这样段落安排就有一定的自我选择了：我们可以：第一段：背景和危害第二段：解决第三段：展望这样第二段就是重点还可以：第一段：背景第二段：危害第三段：解决和展望这样第三段就是重点了。
这样的写法都可以。
以前我们习惯了第一种写法，我给同学们写一个第二种写法。
第一句引入论题：Recently the issue of how should parents help children to be independent has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.第二第三句背景介绍。
The only child policy has brought a lot of pressure for both parents and children during the past decades. Quite a lot of parents have done almost everything for their children for the sake of love.第一段结束：Recently the issue of how should parents help children to be independent has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. The only childpolicy has brought a lot of pressure for both parents and children during the past decades. Quite a lot of parents have done almost everything for their children for the sake of love.第二段说后果：It is difficult for these kids to develop and cultivate their character and to be independent with their parent’s so-called love.再加一句：They can not survive the future fierce competition owing to the lack of independence.第二段结束：It is difficult for these kids to develop and cultivate their character and to be independent with their parent’s so-called love. They can not survive the future fierce competition owing to the lack of independence.第三段说如何做：A number of solutions can be found for parents to help children to be independent, with the following ones being foremost. Firstly , parents should offer their children more opportunities to come into frequent contact with the society and form their own picture about this world. Secondly, playing and communicating with their peers should be favored by their parents because these activities can develop children’s interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. What’s more, financial burden, psychological burden and even moderate anxiety can make children more fortitude and mature when confronting the difficulties .完整的文章可以是这样的：Recently the issue of how should parents help children to be independent has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. The only child policy has brought a lot of pressure for both parents and children during the past decades. Quite a lot of parents have done almost everything for their children for the sake of love.It is difficult for these kids to develop and cultivate their character and to be independent with their parent’s so-called love. They can not survive the future fierce competition owing to the lack of independence.A number of solutions can be found for parents to help children to be independent, with the following ones being foremost. Firstly , parents should offer their children more opportunities to come into frequent contact with the society and form their own picture about this world. Secondly, playing and communicating with their peersshould be favored by their parents because these activities can develop children’s interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. What’s more, financial burden, psychological burden and even moderate anxiety can make children more fortitude and mature when confronting the difficulties . Only in this way can our future generation shoulder their responsibility.范文一:It is nothing unusual to find overprotective parents who help their children in all aspects of life. The question is, are they sure their heart loaded with love will bring good to their children? Let’s look at the real situation of the second-rich generation. Some of them, rather than becoming the second-strong generation, becomes the defeated generation which is notorious for their life focused on consumption rather than creation.Because of the changes of education in history, most Chinese parents, though successfully accumulate wealth, don’t know much about the right value they should pass on to the new generation. They have tried all that they can to be good parents while neglecting the core value they should address, which is INDEPENDENCE.How should parents help children to be independent?They should give their children the freedom to make choices for themselves. Children cannot be happy if they don’t have control over their life, which in daily life, means they make choices for themselves, like, what to eat, what to wear, what career to do, what kind of spouse they are going to marry. Some parents may be open-minded enough to let their children to make these tiny decisions about food and clothes, but when it comes to the big ones, they are too anxious to let their children have a try. They used to be young and they made mistakes and now it is their sons and daughters’ turn to be young—the deep love and care is so intense that it becomes even suffocating--they are reluctant to give their children opportunities to start to be responsible for their own lives.范文二：Today in China, many families have only one child. So the children usually doted upon by all family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and family members, as a result they lack the ability to face their lives by themselves.There are some ways to help children to be independent. First, the child should have a chance to see the world around him individually to understand that there are various people and competitions in their lives, and learn to find his right position in the society only by individual efforts. Second, it is impossible to ask a child not to depend on parents at once.The parents may give the child enough help and space to make him feel comfortable. A child needs help from their families. Because without any help, the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents can help their children make their own decisions, which can challenge his ability to deal with problems.A child should be praised when he is successful or encouraged when he fails.To be independent is vital for the children, because no parents can go with their children for the whole life. Only an independent person can live and enjoy a full and meaningful life.。
最新 2010年12月英语四六级考试翻译高分训练题(12)-精品
2010年12月英语四六级考试翻译高分训练题(12)1. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtlypersuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.2. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.3. As families move away from their stable community, theirfriends of many years, their extended family relationships, theinformal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidencethat information will be available when needed and will betrustworthy and reliable.14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.5. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing,and problems in dispute can be settled without the participantsleaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conferencesite.6. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.7. While talking to you, your could-be employer is decidingwhether your education, your experience, and other qualificationswill pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.8. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（1）
2010年12⽉英语四级考试模拟试题及答案(1) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 在⼤企业⼯作的特点 2. 在⼩企业⼯作的特点 3. 我的选择 To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond? Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. To Save Trees, Fighting One Alien Insect with Others Rusty rhea sighs wistfully as he talks about the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove (⼩树林) of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia, some of them up to 160 feet (50 meters) tall and more than 500 years old. "This is a very special tree," said Rhea, an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Health Protection program in Asheville, North Carolina, "I was brought up here, and I don't want to see another species go by the wayside." The evergreen trees, a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks, are under attack by an invasive inse4ct barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States' old-growth forests. Already the tiny bug from Japan, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginia's Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre (200,000-plus-hectare) Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. The hemlocks shade streams, keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout (鲑鱼) and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler, solitary vireo, and northern goshawk, all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock trees. Because of the insect's broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia, HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight (枯萎病)of the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern Appalachian Mountains. In addition, a species related to HWA, the balsam woolly adelgid, has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies. Acting Quickly HWA arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been found in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly. It's already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains, where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs. HWA multiply quickly: All of the insects are females that reproduce asexually (⽆性地), laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph, or crawler, stage, they are dormant from about June until October, after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees. Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through the forest. HWA crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches, sucking the sap, and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die, depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis. An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack. Infection is signaled by either a white, cottonlike material that appears along a tree's twigs or by the "baldness" of a tree's upper branches. Plans of Attack In the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures' feeding, and in the cold northeast, winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast, with weather approximating that of the insects' native Asian homes, they thrive. Chemical sprays-such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections-have helped to kill some of the HWA infestations. But spraying must be repeated every six months, and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can't be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly. Long term, the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other insects that feed exclusively on HWA. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them, the Sasajiscymnus tsugae (St) beetle, was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2002. Studying what controls a species in its native habitat-including climate, predators, and host resistance-provided clues about which insects to use against HWA, said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park. "Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the backcountry (穷乡僻壤)," she said. "We have 800 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest, and it's entirely worth defending." Risky Business Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business, potentially creating another type of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HWA-killer insects. They believe the St beetles are the best answer to the HWA problem and that they won't cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle, the size of a poppy seed, is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains. But the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal, so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check, Rhea said. He doesn't believe HWA will be completely eradicated (根除) but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. "We're trying to insert a balance in a system that's out of balance," he said. Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs, said Ernest Bernard, professor of entomology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Bernard's laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles. "Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgids a year," he said. And about 120,000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies, but it is still too early to measure their impact. One good sign, Bernard said, is that some beetle larvae (幼⾍) have been found in areas where they were not released, indicating that the HWA killers may be reproducing and spreading. 1. The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect, HWA. 2. Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks. 3. The invasive insect, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), is from Japan. 4. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly. 5. An infected tree usually dies immediately. 6. The Hemlock in the U.S. will be saved from HWA soon. 7. The long term, best way to control the pests HWA is spraying. 8. Since 1951 the HWA has spread to more than________. 9. Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could create________. 10. It will take several different insects operating year-round to________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. [A] 1016. [B] 1060. [C] 508. [D] 580. 12. [A] Father and daughter. [B] Uncle and niece. [C] Aunt and nephew. [D] Cousins. 13. [A] She wasn't invited. [B] She wasn't ready to come. [C] She altered her decision. [D] She forgot the invitation. 14. [A] The door needs repairing. [B] He had lost all his keys. [C] He couldn't open the door. [D] He wanted the woman to help him. 15. [A] She's rather happy to hear so. [B] She's disappointed to hear so. [C] She's unhappy to hear so. [D] She's surprised to hear so. 16. [A] He thought it was a good car. [B] He thought it was too noisy. [C] He thought there was something wrong with the car. [D] H didn't like it. 17. [A] In a car. [B] In a train. [C] In a ship. [D] In a plane. 18. [A] She'll go to the concert. [B] She'll have a meeting. [C] She'll watch her neighbor's children. [D] She'll visit her neighbor. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. [A] The early history of bookbinding. [B] How old books become valuable. [C] Economical ways to protect old books. [D] Why some books decay. 20. [A] They are often handled improperly by readers. [B] The paper is destroyed by chemicals. [C] The ink used in printing damages the paper. [D] The glue used in the binding loses its strength. 21. [A] They are difficult to read. [B] They are slowly falling apart. [C] They were not made from wood pulp. [D] They should be stored in a cold place. 22. [A] Get some books for the man to look at. [B] Ask the man to look over her notes. [C] Continue her research in the library. [D] Find more information on how books are preserved. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. [A] Which major the woman will be choosing. [B] An anthropology course the woman is taking. [C] How to find a job in publishing. [D] Which anthropology professors the man recommends. 24. [A] It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be. [B] She would like her professor to explain it more clearly. [C] She took a class on it last semester. [D] Her professor will write a book on it soon. 25. [A] Her professor. [B] A classmate. [C] Her former boss. [D] A foreign diplomat. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the and of each passage, you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] Because nobody knew his address. [B] Because nobody knew his age. [C] Because Penury's private life was a secret. [D] Because Penury was still a bachelor at the age of forty-five. 27. [A] He did not spend money freely. [B] He was always well-dressed. [C] He had a luxurious car. [D] He worked hard for a living. 28. [A] A photographer. [B] A burglar. [C] A reporter. [D] A professor. Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. [A] In 1809. [B] In 1863. [C] In 1865. [D] In 1860. 30. [A] Four years. [B] Five years. [C] Three years. [D] Six years. 31. [A] A soldier. [B] A thief. [C] A government officer. [D] An actor. 32. [A] Because they didn't like Lincoln being their President. [B] Because they wanted to set up their own government. [C] Because they disagreed with Lincoln on the abolishment of slavery. [D] Because they wanted to stage a war against Lincoln's government. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. [A] 10 points. [B] 2 points. [C] 15 points. [D] 5 points. 34. [A] They will take one of the six major tests. [B] They will have to write a composition. [C] They will be given a pop test. [D] They will be required to read a short story in class. 35. [A] An essay. [B] A magazine article. [C] A poem. [D] A short story. Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When th e p a s s a g e i s r e a d f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e , y o u s h o u l d l i s t e n c a r e f u l l y f o r i t s g e n e r a l i d e a . W h e n t h e p a s s a g e i s r e a d f o r t h e s e c o n d t i m e , y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o f i l l i n t h e b l a n k s n u m b e r e d f r o m 3 6 t o 4 3 w i t h t h e e x a c t w o r d s y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d . F o r b l a n k s n u m b e r e d f r o m 4 4 t o 4 6 y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o f i l l i n t h e m i s s i n g i n f o r m a t i o n . F o r t h e s e b l a n k , y o u c a n e i t h e r u s e t h e e x a c t w o r d s y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d o r w r i t e d o w n t h e m a i n p o i n t s i n y o u r o w n w o r d s . F i n a l l y , w h e n t h e p a s s a g e i s r e a d f o r t h e t h i r d t i m e , y o u s h o u l d c h e c k w h a t y o u h a v e w r i t t e n . b r > b r > 0 0 S c i e n t i s t s h a v e d e v e l o p e d a n e w c a n c e r d r u g . S o f a r , t h e y h a v e t e s t e d i t o n l y o n ( 3 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a n i m a l s . T h e d r u g i s d e s i g n e d t o ( 3 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a n d k i l l c a n c e r c e l l s b u t n o t h e a l t h y c e l l s . b r > b r > 0 0 F i r s t , t h e d r u g e n t e r s t h e c a n c e r a n d d e s t r o y s t h e s u p p l y o f b l o o d . T h e n i t r e l e a s e s ( 3 8 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t o d e s t r o y t h e c a n c e r c e l l s . b r > b r > 0 0 R e s e a r c h e r s a t t h e M a s s a c h u s e t t s I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g y i n C a m b r i d g e c a r r i e d o u t t h e s t u d y . T h e ( 3 9 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a p p e a r e d i n N a t u r e ( 4 0 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . A s c h o o l n e w s r e l e a s e c a l l e d t h e d r u g a n " a n t i - c a n c e r s m a r t b o m b . " b r > b r > 0 0 R a m S a s i s e k h a r a n i s a p r o f e s s o r a t M . I . T . H e s a y s h i s t e a m h a d t o ( 4 1 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h r e e p r o b l e m s . T h e y h a d t o f i n d a w a y t o d e s t r o y t h e b l o o d v e s s e l s , t h e n t o ( 4 2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h e g r o w t h o f n e w o n e s . B u t t h e y a l s o n e e d e d t h e b l o o d v e s s e l s t o s u p p l y c h e m i c a l s t o d e s t r o y t h e c a n c e r . b r > b r > 0 0 S o , t h e r e s e a r c h e r s d e s i g n e d a t w o - p a r t " n a n o c e l l " . T h e c e l l i s ( 4 3 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i n n a n o m e t e r s , o r o n e t h o u s a n d m i l l i o n t h o f a m e t e r . ( 4 4 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . b r > b r > 0 0 T h e s c i e n t i s t s s a y i t w a s s m a l l e n o u g h t o p a s s t h r o u g h t h e b l o o d v e s s e l s o f t h e c a n c e r , b u t i t w a s t o o b i g t o e n t e r n o r m a l b l o o d v e s s e l s . T h e s u r f a c e o f t h e n a n o c e l l s a l s o h e l p e d t h e m t o a v o i d n a t u r a l d e f e n s e s . b r > b r > 0 0 ( 4 5 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . T h a t c u t o f f t h e b l o o d s u p p l y a n d t r a p p e d t h e n a n o c e l l i n s i d e t h e c a n c e r . T h e n , t h e n a n o c e l l s l o w l y r e l e a s e d c h e m o t h e r a p y d r u g s t o k i l l t h e c a n c e r c e l l s . b r > b r > 0 0 ( 4 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . b r > b r > 0 0 P a r t I V R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n ( R e a d i n g i n D e p t h ) ( 2 5 m i n u t e s ) b r > b r > 0 0 S e c t i o n A b r > b r > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : I n t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e r e i s a s h o r t p a s s a g e w i t h 5 q u e s t i o n s o r i n c o m p l e t e s t a t e m e n t s . R e a d t h e p a s s a g e c a r e f u l l y . T h e n a n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s o r c o m p l e t e s t a t e m e n t s i n t h e f e w e s t p o s s i b l e w o r d s . P l e a s e w r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2 . b r > b r > 0 0 M a n y o f t h e m o s t d a m a g i n g a n d l i f e t h r e a t e n i n g t y p e s o f w e a t h e r - t o r r e n t i a l r a i n s , s e v e r e t h u n d e r s t o r m s , a n d t o r n a d o e s - b e g i n q u i c k l y , s t r i k e s u d d e n l y , a n d d i s a p p e a r r a p i d l y , d e s t r o y i n g s m a l l r e g i o n s w h i l e l e a v i n g n e i g h b o r i n g a r e a s u n t o u c h e d . S u c h e v e n t a s a t o r n a d o s t r u c k t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n s e c t i o n o f E d m o n t o n , A l b e r t a , i n J u l y 1 9 8 7 . 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Ø During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话，就被听众打断了Ø surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降)Ø The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son‟s having been admitted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了)Ø The lecture was so boring that the students couldn‟t help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠) Ø I…ll be very grateful if you could be kind e nough to give me a ride to school(好心载我一程去学校)Ø (除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.Ø It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president.Ø Mrs.Smith shut the window lest the noise outside (should) interfere with her son‟s sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)Ø The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺)Ø When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth.Ø The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it stopped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了)Ø What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式)Ø This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道)Ø The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力)Ø Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。
Ø The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, enables more women to take full advantages of employment of opportunities.(使得更多的妇女能够充分利用就业机会)Ø The likely reactions of the market needs considering carefully before action are token(在采取行动之前需要认真考虑)Ø He made such a contribution to the university that they named one of the buildings after him(以他的名字为其中一栋楼命名)Ø He wasn‟t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, bei ng considering insufficiently popular with all members(因为考虑他无法得到全体成员的欢迎)Ø Americans eat twice more protein than (两倍多的蛋白质)they actually need every day。
Ø When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct, otherwise you can‟t make yourself understood.(否则人家就听不懂你的意思了)Ø My little daughter Marry, began to adapt herself to campus life after entering college for three months.(进入大学三个月后开始慢慢适应校园生活)1. Henry has prepared a party for his girlfriend，______________（结果却被告之她到时候不能来了）.2. ______________（很少有人不抱怨工作单调乏味），but they will feel more bored if they do not work.3. The chief reason for the population growth is ______________（与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是死亡率的下降）.4. True friendship foresees the needs of others ______________（而不是声明自己的需求）.5. Although I liked the appearance of the house，_____________（真正让我决定买下它的）was the beautiful view through the window.答案及解析:1. only to be told that she couldn‟t come by then解析：本题考查对“only＋不定式”结构的掌握。
“only＋不定式”结构相当于一个结果状语，意为“结果却…”，表示事情的发展令人不快或与预料相反。
“被告之…”表明不定式要用被动式（to be told）。
that宾语从句作动词told的宾语，从句的时态应与主句一致（could n‟t）。
by then在此处指“到将来的某个时候”。
2. Few people do not complain about the tedium of their jobs解析：本题考查对形容词few和动词短语complain about的掌握。
few作形容词时意为“很少的，少数的”，用来修饰可数名词复数，表示少得几乎没有。
complain (to sb.) about sth.意为“（向某人）抱怨某事”。
tedium“沉闷，单调乏味”，为不可数名词。
3．not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates或more a fall in death rates than a rise in birth rates解析：本题考查对能够表达“与其说是……，不如说是……”的结构及含义的掌握。
“not so much…as…”和“more…than…”都可以表示“与其说是……，不如说是……”。
4．rather than proclaims one‟s own解析：本题考查对rather than的用法。
rather than可以用来连接并列成分，表示“而不是”的含义。
5． what really made me decide to buy it解析：本题考查对what引导的主语从句的掌握。
根据句子结构，前半句是Although引导的让步状语从句，而主句中只有系表结构，缺少主语，故需要翻译的部分应该是一个主语从句。
what和that都可以引导主语从句，但that只起引导作用，不在从句中充当成分，而what可以在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，故本句只能使用what。
1. Our enemies watch their time and _______________（妄图东山再起）.2. Mr. Jack walked out on his wife and _______________（带着他的孩子离开了家）.3. Mrs. Beck ________________（一直受到她丈夫照管）since she was collapsed.4. He has no money，so he _______________（不得不收回自己说过的话）.5. The runner ________________（被剥夺掉金牌）for men‟s 100-meter dash at games because he was found to have taken stimulants.答案及解析:1. try in vain to stage a comeback解析：watch their time表示伺机而动、等待时机。
watch在这里含贬义。
“妄图”本身具有很强的感情色彩，它包括这样两层意思：第一，试图做某事；第二，这种尝试是徒劳的。
因此，在翻译时一定要注意译文的准确性。