英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I needDirect Object）和间接宾语I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.a secretFHe is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known Betty’s sister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my wayG可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.讲出划线部分的句子成分：1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.2．I have a lot to say on this matter.3．Please give me some advice.4．She is quite all right now.5．A lonely person is always alone.6．A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.7．To travel abroad one must have a passport.8．He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.分析句子结构:1．What you said made me happy.2．Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?3．After he finished his homework, he went away.4. He likes pop music.5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.。
句子成分类型及五大基本句型
初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习句子成分&五种基本句型I【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads Eniglish every day. （代词作主语）（3）Swimming is my favorite sport.（动名词作主语）（4）To have a bridge is their dream .（不定式作主语）（5）What we learn is very useful. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词作谓语）We work hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We like listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲
英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例：He often runs before breakfast.分析：”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例：He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例：Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析：“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
英文句子成分及基本句型
五种句子类型
I the internet We Internet chatting
am a Webaholic. is interesting. like chatting online. brings me a lot of fun.
2. 主+系动词+主语补足语（或称表语） SVC---subject+linking verb+ subjective complement
He looks happy.
这种动词后面连接的成 分是用来说明主语的特 点，表明主语的性质特 征。
Linking Verb.这种动词并没有具体的动作，而是起 连接主语和后边的成分的作用。 Q: 如何区分主系表和主谓状两种句型？ He shouted loudly. He looks happy.
He showed the guard his passport. I will buy you a meal. ditransitive verb : 这种动词后面所接的成分有人 又有物。一般这里的人表示动作的接受者，称 作间接宾语（Indirect Object）。“物”表示动 作作用的对象，是动作的承受着，称作直接宾 语（Direct Object）。 间接宾语和直接宾语合起来称作双宾语。
He died. These children are playing.
Intransitive Verb. (vi) 这种动词所表示的动作没有 作用对象，其本身意思完整，其后不需带宾语。
SVA (subject + verb + adverbial) e.g He shouted loudly. e.g I live in Beijing.
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分与基本句式结构
四、表语
位于连系动词的后面，用来说明主语的身份、 特征、状态等。构成主系表结构。
例句： 1. This is an English book. 2. You look happy today. 3. They are from America. 4. I don’t feel well today.
英语句子成分和基本句型
句子成分
句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分。 主语 谓语 宾语 表语
状语 定语 补语 同位语
一、主语
句子所陈述的主体，一般位于句首，指动作 的发出者。
例句： 1. You are my friend. 2. My father is a teacher. 3. These girls like English.
第四种：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.
例句： 1. I can make you happy. 2. They want me to sing. 3. We call him Mr. Smith. 4. The sun keeps us warm.
第五种：主语+连系动词+表语.
例句： 1. My father is happy. 2. She looks beautiful. 3. Her face turns red. 4. My dream(梦想) is to be a scientist.
五、定语
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特 征的词。
例句： 1. This is a red car. 2. The tall boy is my friend. 3. Harbin is a beautiful city. 4. Mr. Black is a kind and interesting teacher.
英语句子成分和基本句型
英语句子成分和基本句型句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的，可以表达完整的概念。
句子开头第一个字母一定要大写，结尾要注明标点符号。
一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
1 主语主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。
主语要放在句首。
The girl studies in No.4 Middle School.这个女孩子在四中学习。
(叙述“谁”)The post office is open.邮局开门了。
(叙述“事，什么”)Only five are here.只有五个人来了。
(数词作主语)To say is one thing, and to do is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。
(不定式作主语)What you said hurt me badly.你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。
(从句作主语)2 谓语谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。
谓语通常有三个表现形式：(1)动词或动词短语作谓语He studies hard.他学习很努力。
The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。
(2)谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语They are picking apples.他们正在摘苹果。
He made us laugh heavily.他使我们大笑不止。
(3)连系动词和表语作谓语Her mother is an inspector.她的母亲是一位检查官。
It is getting dark.天色渐渐地黑了下来。
He is feeling well.他现在感觉身体很好。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分和五个基本句型'
句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可 能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：
主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子 的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配， 就能写出完整、正确的句子。
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一 动词/动词短语 之后。_____ 介词 词后也会跟宾语。 般放在___________
She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron 动名词 Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. 代词和数词 He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式 We need know what others are doing. 句子 We should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
二.五种简单句基本句型
主语+系+表语 主语+谓语
英语的句子成分及五大基本句型
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宾语：宾语是行为动作的对象，一般为动词宾语，充当宾语的 可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。
如： I like it. 我喜欢它。 I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。 I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。 He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。 We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。
7
表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后。）一般由名词、 形容词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词ing形式、过去分词、 副词、介词短语、名词从句充当。
如：
Hale Waihona Puke Time is money.
They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
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What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
This dog is frightening. 这条狗令人害怕。（说明狗的特征）
This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕。（说明狗的状态）
The sun is up.太阳升起来了。
This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。
8
定语：定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，
The teacher left. 老师离开了。 All the children laughed. 所有的孩子都笑了。
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基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ.（主＋系＋表） 这种句型结构主要指谓 语动词为连系动词的情况。
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
以下是英语基本句型的介绍：
1. 主语+ 谓语（不及物动词）：这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语，但可以跟副词、介词短语等状语作谓语的补足语。
例如：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）
2. 主语+ 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语：这种句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面必须跟宾语，表示动作的承受者或结果。
宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词等。
例如：I love music.（我喜欢音乐。
）
3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语：这种句型中的谓语动词是系动词，后面跟表语，表示主语的性质、状态或特征。
表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等。
例如：She is a beautiful girl.（她是一个漂亮的女孩。
）
4. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：这种句型中的谓语动词可以同时跟两个宾语，其中一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。
间接宾语表示动作的受益者，直接宾语表示动作的承受者。
例如：Please give me a book.（请给我一本书。
）
5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语：这种句型中的谓语动词后面跟一个宾语，再跟一个宾语补足语，对宾语的性质、状态或特征进行补充说明。
例如：We found him in the park.（我们发现他在公园里。
）
以上是英语的基本句型，通过这些基本句型可以组合成各种复杂的句子。
英语句子成分和基本句型
句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language.That he isn’t at home is not true.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. Play basketball is my favorite sport.Give up English is not an option.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
句子成分划分及英语中的基本句型
G r a m m a r o f U n i t 1Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的;组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分;句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语直接和间接宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语;主语和谓语是句子的主体部分在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语,表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分;其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分;▲句子成分分类1．主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”;一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象;大多数主语都在句首;如：讲述“谁”We work in a big factory.讲述“什么”The classroom is very big.数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间;如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语;如：It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house.2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致;如：He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job.He can speak German.3．表语表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面;形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher.副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.4．宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面;有时,会有双宾语;如：名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语是及物动词的对象;但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当;如：We brought them some food.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for;5．宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思;我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语;复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思;名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.形容词作宾补Don’t make your hands dirty.副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：▲“宾语+名词”;常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等;We call him Jack.They made Li Lei their monitor.▲“宾语+形容词”;常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等;如：Do you think his idea wrongWe must keep our classroom clean.We can’t leave him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday▲“宾语+副词”;副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系;常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等;如： Let him in/ out.Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.▲“宾语+介词短语”;介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语即宾语所处的状态,两者有主表的关系;如：We found everything in good order.We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.▲“宾语+不定式”;充当宾补的不定式有三种：A 要求带to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim.B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.I often hear him read English in his room.C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 toShe sometimes helps her mother to do housework.▲“宾语+现在分词”;现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系;I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”;宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成;I had my bike stolen.The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.▲形式宾语＋形容词We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.▲宾语+what 从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago. 6．定语▲定语用来修饰名词或代词;形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语;因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语;如：形容词作定语The black bike is mine.代词作定语What’s your name名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语I have lots to eat and drink.从句作定语The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.▲在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面,故称“后置定语”;▲修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置;如：We’ll go to have something English.If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.Do you have anything important to tell me▲介词短语作定语时要后置;如：Do you know the boy behind the treeThe students in the room are all my friends.I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置What about something to drinkI have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.动词不定式作主语时,to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语;如果时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的;Do you have any piece of music to listen to▲nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置;如：We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village belowThe people downstairs are listening to a talk nowThey took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7．状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词;它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当;状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中;如：He did it carefullyThey missed me very much.Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.When I was young, I could swim well.。
英语句子成分和基本句型
句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class.One-third ofthe students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language.That he isn’t at home is not true.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. Beyond the mountains lie a small village. Gone is the days when I had to go toschool on foot.Play basketball is my favorite sport.Give up English is not an option.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语句子成分和基本句型
句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如therich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusic hasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassar egirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtestha snotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlangua ge.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue. 改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
Hefailedtheexamisthereasonwhyhedrop pedout.Thatwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathis motherwasill.Beyondthemountainslieasmallvillage.GoneisthedayswhenIhadtogotoschoolon foot.Playbasketballismyfavoritesport. GiveupEnglishisnotanoption.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及therebe句型
英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及t herebe 句型一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。
不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。
如：—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？—No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。
有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。
如：Whydon’tyoucome at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 他在听。
He __________.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you __________last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。
The rain __________two hours.Ⅱ. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type coststoo much. You’dbetter ______.A. waitB. waitin gC. waitedD. to wait( )7. It _____outsid e. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is rainin g C. rained D. has rained( )8. —Did you watchthe basket ballmatchyester day? —Y es, I did. My uncle______in the match.A. is playin gB. was playin gC. has playedD. will play( )9. —What did your father say just now? —Sorry,Idon’tknow. I ______ on the phone.A. am talkin gB. talkC. was talkin gD. have talked( )10. You ______ firstand I ______ behind.A. go; was follow ingB. will go; followC. will go; follow edD. go; will follow二、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构。
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种类 类型
第1 种
S+V
主语 谓语 表语/宾 S 动词 语 v p We work He We
宾语 0
宾补 oc
第２ Ｓ＋Ｖ＋０ 种 第３ Ｓ＋ｖ＋ｐ 种
plays violin.
are student s
第４ S+v+IO+DO she 种 第５ S+V+O+OC He 种 2013-8-15
gave
me
a pen. laugh
25
made me
基本句型一
Ｓ +Ｖi（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特 点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、不 定式、状语从句等。
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Ｓ
Ｖi （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They
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(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ② He asked her to study hard. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
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按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、
并列句和复合句。
简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和 一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed.
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I think that he is good boy.
9
宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． • 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
3
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第 一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？
！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种， 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表 语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、 补语（complement）、同位语。
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(五) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was
eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
宾语+宾补
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7、We watched the train leaving the station. 宾语+宾补
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8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning. 宾语+宾补
主语
9. There seems little hopes of success.
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Ｓ
Ｖ（是系动词）
Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face
is smells(闻) fell looks is is became turned
状语
2、The teacher got very angry. 表语 3、The boy told me his story. 间语+直宾 4、We elected him our monitor. 宾语+宾补 5、The sun keeps us warm. 宾语+宾补 6、I told him to open the window.
⑤ Some of the students in the school want
to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
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(二) 挑出下列句中的表语
-- The old man was feeling very tired.
2013-8-15 7Fra bibliotek表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She feels happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. He went mad. Seeing is believing.
2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep
the floor.
3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
4. A beautiful girl is running to us.
5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.
-- The leaves have turned yellow. -- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.
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(三) 挑出下列句中的定语
1. What is your given name?
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⑤ With the medicine box under her arm,
Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves
books.
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句子成份练习
1、You should study hard.
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They are teachers.
谓语： • 谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态 或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词 短语构成．
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词， 从句都可以充当定语． • The black bike is mine. • What’s your name?
• I have 5 books.
•A sleeping boy is sleeping. • They made paper flowers. • The boy in the room is Jack.
生’）
Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today.
(my brother是Li Lei的同位语）
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一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?
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flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone
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基本句型 二
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动 词分两类：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound 等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什 么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。