水利工程三峡水利枢纽工程外文翻译文献

水利工程三峡水利枢纽工程外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
The Three Gorges Projects
First. The dam site and basic pivot disposal
The Three Gorges Projects is select to be fixed on San Dou Ping in Yichang, located in about 40 kilometers of the upper reaches of key water control project of Ge Zhou Ba which was built. River valley, district of dam site, is widen, slope, the two sidesof the bank is relatively gentlely. In the central plains have one island (island, fort of China,), possess the good phased construction water conservancy diversion condition. The foundation of pivot building is the hard and intact body of granite. Have built Yichang and gone to stride bridge that place of 4 kilometers in the about 28 -km-long special-purpose expressway of building site and dam low reaches --West Yangtze Bridge of imperial tomb. Have also built the quay of district of a batch of dams. The dam district possesses the good traffic condition.
Two. Important water conservancy project buildings
1. dam
The dam is a concrete gravity dam, which is 2309 meters long, it’s height is 185
meters , the dam is 181 meters high the most. Release floodwater dam section lie riverbed, 483 of the total length, consist of 22 form hole and 23 release floodwater in the deep hole, among them deep hole is imported 90 meters , the mouth size of hole is 7*9 meters; Form hole mouth is 8 meter wide, overflow weir is 158 meters, form hole and deep hole adopt nose bank choose, flow way go on and can disappear. Dam section lies in and releases floodwater on a section of both sides of the dam in the hydropower station, there are hydropower stations that enter water mouth. Enter water mouth baseplate height 108 meters. Pressure input water pipeline for carry person who in charge of, interior diameter 12.40, adopt the armored concrete to receive the strength structure. Make and let out flow of 102500 cubic meters per second the most largely in the dam site while checking the flood.
2. power stations
The power stations adopt the type after the dam to assign the scheme, consist of two groups of factory buildings on left, right and underground factory building altogether. Install 32 sets of hydroelectric generating set together, 14 factory buildings of left bank among them, 12 factory buildings of right bank, 6 underground factory buildings. The hydraulic turbine, in order to mix the flowing type, the specified capacity of the unit of the unit is 700,000 kilowatts.
3. open up to navigation building
The open up to navigation buildings include permanent lock and ship lift (of the the technological public relations, the steel cable that plans to be replaced with spiral pole technology in the original plan promotes technology), lie in the left bank. Permanent lock double-line five continuous chain of locks. Single grades of floodgate room effective size for 280*34*5, can pass the 10,000 ton-class fleet. The promoting type for single track first grade vertically of the ship lift is designed, it is 120*18*3.5 meters to bear the effective size of design of railway carriage or compartment of ship, can pass a combination vessel of 3000 tons once. Total weight is 11800 tons to bear the design of railway carriage or compartment of ship when operating, it is 6000 newtons to always promote strength.
Three.The major project amount and arranges in time limit The subject building of the project and major project amount of the water
conservancy diversion project are: Excavate 102,830,000 cubic meters in cubic metre of earth and stone, fill out and build 31,980,000 cubic meters in cubic metre of earth and stone, concrete builds 27,940,000 cubic meters, 463,000 tons of reinforcing bars, make and fit 32 with hydroelectric generating set. All project construction tasks were divided into three stages and finished, all time limit was 17 years. The first stage (1993-1997 year) is preparation of construction and the first stage of the project, it takes 5 years to construct, regard realizing damming in the great river as the sign. The second stage (1998-2003 year) is the second stage, it takes 6 years to construct, lock as initial conservation storage of the reservoir, the first batch of aircrews generate electricity and is open up to navigation with the permanent lock as. The third stage (2004-2009 year) is the third stage of the project, it takes 6 years to construct, regard realizing the sign all aircrews generate electricity and finish building with all of multi-purpose project as. One, two project finish as scheduled already, the third stage of the project in inside the plan to construct too, ship lift tackle key problems of not going on intensely.
Four. Enormous benefit of the Three Gorges Projects The Three Gorges Projects is the greatest water control project in China ,also in the world , it is the key project in controlling and developing the Changjiang River. The normal water storage level of the Three Gorges Projects reservoir is 175 meters, installed capacity is 39,300 million cubic meters; The total length of the reservoir is more than 600 kilometers, width is 1.1 kilometers on average; The area of the reservoir is 1084 sq. km.. It has enormous comprehensive benefits such as preventing flood, generating electricity, shipping,etc..
1. prevent flood
Primary goal of building the Three Gorges Projects is to prevent flood . The key water control project in Sanxia is the key project that the midstream and downstream of the Changjiang River prevent flood in the system. Regulated and stored by the reservoir of Sanxia, form the capacity of reservoir in the upper reaches as river type reservoir of 39,300 million cubic meters, can regulate storage capacity and reach 22,150 million cubic meters, can intercept the flood came above of Yichang effectively, cut down flood crest flow greatly, make Jingjiang section prevent flood
standard meet, improve from at present a about over ten years to once-in-a-hundred-year. Meet millennium first special great flood that meet, can cooperate with Jingjiang flood diversion partition application of flood storage project, the crushing calamity of preventing the occurrence of both sides of section of Jingjiang and bursting in the main dike, lighten midstream and downstream losing and flood threat to Wuhan of big flood, and can create conditions for administration of Dongting Hu district.
2. generates electricity
The most direct economic benefits of the Three Gorges Projects is to generate electricity . Equilibrate the contradiction that contemporary China develops economic and serious energy shortage at a high speed, the hydroelectric resources that a clean one can be regenerated are undoubtedly optimum choices. The total installed capacity of power station of Sanxia is 18,200,000 kilowatts, annual average generation is 84,680 million kilowatt hours. It will offer the reliable, cheap, clean regenerated energy for areas such as East China, Central China and South China of economic development, energy deficiency,etc.It play a great role in economic development and environmental pollution of reducing.
Electric power resource that the Three Gorges Projects offers, if given a workforce of electricity generation by thermal power, mean building 10 more thermal power plants of 1,800,000 kilowatts, excavate more 50 million tons of raw coals every year on average. Besides environment of influencing of the waste residue, it will also discharge a large number of carbon dioxide which form the global greenhouse effects every year, cause the sulfur dioxide of acid rain, poisonous gas carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. At the same time, it will also produce a large amount of floating dust, dustfall,etc… Thermal power plant and abandon dreg field extensive occupation of land seize more land from East China, Central China area that have a large population and a few land just originally this. This not only makes China bear the pressure that greater environment brings in the future, cause unfavorable influence on the global environment too.
3. shipping
Sanxia reservoir improve Yichang go to Chongqing channel of the Changjiang
River of 660 kilometers notably, the 10,000 ton-class fleet can go to the harbour of Chongqing directly. The channel can rise to 50 million tons from about 10 million tons at present through ability in one-way year, transporting the cost can be reduced by 35-37%. Unless until reservoir regulate, Yichang low water flows minimum seasons downstream,whose name is can since at present 3000 cubic meters /second improve until 5000 cubic meters per above second, the shipping condition get greater improvement too to enable the Changjiang River in low water season of midstream and downstream.
Five. The questions in building the Three Gorges Projects
1. silt issue
the Changjiang River Yichang Duan Nian amount of sand failed 530 million tons, silt the reservoir of Sanxia up. The reservoir blocks water level is 175 meters high, installed capacity is 39,300 million m3 normally,its die water level is 145 meters, the minimum capacity of a reservoir is 17,200 million m3, storage capacity 22,100 million m3, the conservation storage regulates the capacity of reservoir 16,500 million m3. The operation scheme of the reservoir is: Limit height is 145 meters of water level, in flood season, meet flood adjust big under 56700 m3 per second, and power station smooth to let out through deep hole over 3 years, can reduce the sand of the reservoir to deposit. Great flood comes, the reservoir is adjusted bigly, still put and let out 56700 m3per second; Deposit towards the reservoir after the flood. The reservoir begins conservation storage, between about two months and normal water storage level 175 meters high in September. The water level of the storehouse is dropped to 155 meters high before the flood next year, utilize conservation storage to generate electricity. In 155 meters water level, can keep the river shipping of Sichuan. By flood season, the water level was dropped to 145 meters water level again, because the flow was large at that time, could keep the river shipping of Sichuan. This is a reservoir operation scheme of innovation.
2. question that the slope comes down by the bank of reservoir area
The question that the slope comes down is through detailed geological survey by 2 reservoir area banks, there is several to come down potentially on water bank of Kuku of Sanxia, the big one can be up to millions of m3. But closest to dam site
potential landslide, too far on 26 kilometers, such as happen, come down, shock wave that evoke get dam disappear, reduce 2-3 meters to to be high, it is safe not to influence the dam. In addition, if the slippery wave happens in the bank of the storehouse, because the reservoir is wide and deep, will not influence shipping.
3. engineering question of the pivot
The pivot of Three Gorges is 185 meters high concrete gravity dam pivots and 18,200,000kW, the project amount is large, but all regular projects after all, our country has more experience. The stability problem of some foundation can meet the safe requirement through dealing with. 700,000kW hydroelectric generating set, imported from foreign countries in the first batch, was made by oneself at home later. The more complicated one is lock of five grades of Line two, deep-cut in the rock bank, slope reaches 170 meters at the supreme side, the underpart floodgate room vertical 60 meters, high rock slope stability worries about. But the meticulous research of engineer and constructors is designed, blown up and the anchor is firm and excavating, the rock slope is steady in a long-term. There is ship lift of 3000t passenger steamer, it is the biggest in the world, in course of designing and studying, and repair the test and use the ship lift first.
4.ecological environment problem
The respect useful to ecological environment of the Three Gorges Projects is: Prevent and cure downstream land and cities and towns to flood, reduce the air pollution of electricity generation by thermal power, improve some climate, the reservoir can breed fish etc.. The respect disadvantageous to ecology is: Flood more than 300,000 mu of cultivated land, ground of fruit is more than 200,000 mu, immigrants reach the highland by the storehouse, will destroy the ecological environment, the still water weakens the sewage self-purification ability, worsen water quality, influence reproduction of the wild animal,etc. in the reservoir. So is both advantageous and disadvantageous, do not hinder building the Three Gorges Projects. Should reduce being unfavorable to minimum extent, it is mainly that reservoir immigrants want to plant trees and grass, build the terraced fields, ecological environment protection, does not require the self-sufficiency of grain. Accomplish these, want making a great effort and fund. Control blowdown such as Chongqing,
Fuling, Wan County, carry on sewage disposal, protect the water quality of the reservoir, protect the wild animal, set up the protection zone. Although ecological environment protection is difficult, must solve and can solve. As for the scenery of Sanxia, because the high near kilometer of rock bank, and Sanxia dam is only in fact higher than the river surface 110 meters. The scenery basically remains unchanged, the high gorge produces Pinghu, increase even more beautifully.
Six. Immigrant's question in the reservoir area
The reservoir of Sanxia will flood 632 sq. km. of land area, will involve Chongqing, 20 county (market) of Hubei. The reservoir of Sanxia floods and involves 2 cities, 11 county towns, 116 market towns; Flood or flood 1599 of industrial and mining enterprises that influence, reservoir flood line there are 24,500 hectares of cultivated land in all; Flood 824.25 kilometers of highways, 92,200 kilowatts of power stations; The area of house of flooding area is 34,596,000 square meters, total population of living in the flooding area is 844,100 people (agricultural population 361,500 people among them). Consider population growth and other factors of moving etc. two times during construction, the total population of trends of reservoir immigration allocation of Sanxia will be up to 1,130,000 people. The task is arduous, but must find a room for good immigrants, make its life improve to some extent, help immigrants to create the working condition, live plainly and struggle hard through 20 years, grow rich. Most immigrants retreat to the highland, it is nonlocal that some immigrants get. The reservoir of Sanxia will flood 632 sq. km. of land area, will involve Chongqing, 20 county (market) of Hubei. The reservoir of Sanxia floods and involves 2 cities, 11 county towns, 116 market towns; Flood or flood 1599 of industrial and mining enterprises that influence, reservoir flood line own cultivated land (suck the ground of mandarin orange) 24,500 hectares in common; Flood 824.25 kilometers of highways, 92,200 kilowatts of power stations; The area of house of flooding area is 34,596,000 square meters, The total population of living in the flooding area is 844,100 people (agricultural population 361,500 people among them). Consider population growth and other factors of moving etc. two times during construction, the total population of trends of reservoir immigration allocation of Sanxia will be up to 1,130,000 people.
1.exploration and opening of the immigrants in Sanxia
The exploration of an immigrant in Sanxia and open country are in the engineering construction of Sanxia, implement immigrant's policy of the exploration, relevant people's governments organize and lead immigrants to arrange work, use immigrant's funds in a unified manner, exploit natural resources rationally, based on agriculture, the agriculture,industry and commerce combine, through many channel, many industries, multi-form, many method find a room for immigrants properly, immigrants' living standard reach or exceed originally and competently, and create the condition for long-term economic development and improvement of immigrant's living standard of reservoir area of Three Gorges. Immigrant's policy of the exploration, is a great reform of the reservoir immigrants of our country. Policy this, and reservoir area of Three Gorges immigrant put forward at the foundation of pilot project eight year in experience and lessons that immigrant work since new China set up of summarizing. At the beginning of reservoir immigrants in Sanxia, carry out exploration immigrants' principles and policies, insist the country supports, the policy is favourable, each side supports, principle of relying on one's own efforts, appeared by the government, develop local resources in a planned way, expand the capacity of placing, help, offer service of forming a complete set, wide to open up, produce the life way, make it reach " take out offing, goal that so steady as to live, can get rich progressively ". Meanwhile, the country approves reservoir area of Three Gorges as " the open economic region of Sanxia ", enjoy some special policies opening to the outside world in the coastal area, call the immigrants in Sanxia of the developed coordinated cooperation of province and city, immigrant's enterprises and relevant The factor of production has been pushed to the broader large market. The governments at all levels of reservoir area of Three Gorges have issued some development coordinated cooperation, favourable measure inviting outside investment too. Reservoir area immigrant demonstrate with open to urge, develop, in order to develop, urge benign situation that place.
2. reorganization and expansion of the immigrants in Sanxia
The reorganization of immigrants in Sanxia and the expansion immigrants in Sanxia are that one involve undertaking that the society of reservoir area reconstruct,
resources are recombinated, the recombinating is one of the prominent characteristics of the immigrants in Sanxia, move the fundamental difference duplicated with traditional simple compensation immigrants, former state too. Implement immigrant's policy of the exploration, must demand to combine immigrants to move, reconfigure the factor of production, thus improve the disposition efficiency of resources, form new productivity. Expand while being what is called, expansion of scale, improvement of structure even more, function strengthen improvement of quality. Look with the view of development economics and implement the course of exploration immigrants, it is the course of economic expansion of reservoir area. Exploration immigrants begin from expanding, and ending at realizing expanding, the course that the whole immigrant move and rebuild one's home is running through economic expansion, full of to the yearning that expands in the future. Certainly, in actual operation, should set out from immigrant's reality to pay attention to all, insist reason is expanded.
Seven. Investment and benefit question
Invests 90,090 million yuan (1993 price) in investment and the Three Gorges Projects static behavior of benefit question, invests more than about 200 billion yuan dynamically while finishing in project. The investment source of the Three Gorges Projects is as follows, state loan, state-run hydropower station each of price of electricity raise the price 0.4-0.7 fen, power station electric rate income of Ge Zhou Ba, the electric rate income after the power station of Sanxia generates electricity wait for, the country has this financial resources to guarantee to invest in putting in place. About benefit, it is estimated it in ten years after the Three Gorges Projects is built up, total project investment principal and interest, unless including project fee and fee for immigration, can have repaid with electric rate income,it prevent flood, shipping,etc. share make the investment. And the Three Gorges Projects prevent flood, generate electricity, shipping,etc. benefit long-term, and enormous social benefit. Therefore, benefit of the Three Gorges Projects is very great, there is increase slightly to even make the investment, it is very rational too to repay service life to slightly lengthen.
三峡水利枢纽工程
一、坝址及基本枢纽布置
三峡工程大坝坝址选定在宜昌市三斗坪，在已建成的葛洲坝水利枢纽上游约40km处。

坝址区河谷开阔，两岸岸坡较平缓，江中原有一小岛（中堡岛），具备良好的分期施工导流条件。

枢纽建筑物基础为坚硬完整的花岗岩体。

修建了宜昌至工地长约28km的专用高速公路及坝下游4公里处的跨江大桥——西陵长江大桥。

还修建了一批坝区码头。

坝区具备良好的交通条件。

二、主要水工建筑物
1.大坝
拦河大坝为混凝土重力坝，坝长2309m，坝顶高程185 m，最大坝高181 m。

泄洪坝段位于河床中部，总长483 m，设有22个表孔和23个泄洪深孔，其中深孔进口高程90 m，孔口尺寸为7×9 m；表孔孔口宽8 m，溢流堰顶高程158 m，表孔和深孔均采用鼻坎挑流方式进行消能。

电站坝段位于泄洪坝段两侧，设有电站进水口。

进水口底板高程为108m。

压力输水管道为背管式，内直径12.40 m，采用钢筋混凝土受力结构。

校核洪水时坝址最大下泄流量102500m3/s。

2.水电站
水电站采用坝后式布置方案，共设有左、右两组厂房和地下厂房。

共安装32台水轮发电机组，其中左岸厂房14台，右岸厂房12台，地下厂房6台。

水轮机为混流式，机组单机额定容量70万千瓦。

3.通航建筑物
通航建筑物包括永久船闸和升船机（技术公关中，计划用螺旋杆技术取代原计划的钢缆绳提升技术），均位于左岸。

永久船闸为双线五级连续梯级船闸。

单级闸室有效尺寸为280×34×5 m（长×宽×坎上最小水深），可通过万吨级船队。

升船机为单线一级垂直提升式设计，承船厢设计有效尺寸为120×18×3.5 m，一次可通过一条3000吨的客货轮。

承船厢设计运行时总重量为11800吨，
总提升力为6000牛顿。

三、枢纽工程量及工期安排
工程主体建筑物及导流工程的主要工程量为：土石方开挖10283万m3,土石方填筑3198万m3，混凝土浇筑2794万m3,钢筋46.30万吨,水轮发电机组制安32台套。

全部工程施工任务分三个阶段完成，全部工期为17年。

第一阶段（1993-1997年）为施工准备及一期工程，施工需5年，以实现大江截流为标志。

第二阶段（1998-2003年）为二期工程，施工需6年，以实现水库初期蓄水、第一批机组发电和永久船闸通航为标志。

第三阶段（2004-2009年）为三期工程，施工需6年，以实现全部机组发电和枢纽工程全部完建为标志。

一、二工程均已如期完成，三期工程也在计划内施工，升船机攻关在紧张进
行中。

四、三峡工程的巨大效益
三峡工程是中国、也是世界上最大的水利枢纽工程，是治理和开发长江的关键性骨干工程。

三峡工程水库正常蓄水位175m，总库容393亿m3；水库全长600余公里，平均宽度1.1公里；水库面积1084平方公里。

它具有防洪、发电、航运等巨大的综合效益。

1.防洪
兴建三峡工程的首要目标是防洪。

三峡水利枢纽是长江中下游防洪体系中的关键性骨干工程。

经三峡水库调蓄，在上游形成库容为393亿m3的河道型水库，可调节防洪库容达221.5亿m3，能有效地拦截宜昌以上来的洪水，大大削减洪峰流量，使荆江河段防洪标准由现在的约十年一遇提高到百年一遇。

遇千年一遇的特大洪水，可配合荆江分洪等分蓄洪工程的运用，防止荆江河段两岸发生干堤溃决的毁灭性灾害，减轻中下游洪灾损失和对武汉市的洪水威胁，并可为洞庭湖区的治理创造条件。

2.发电
三峡工程最直接的经济效益就是发电。

平衡当代中国高速发展经济与严重能源短缺的矛盾，清洁的可以再生的水电资源无疑是最优的选择。

三峡水电站总装机容量1820万千瓦，年平均发电量846.8亿千瓦时。

它将为经济发达、能源不足的华东、华中和华南等地区提供可靠、廉价、清洁的可再生能源，对经济发展
和减少环境污染起到重大的作用。

三峡工程所提供的电力资源，如果以火电来算，就意味着要多修建10座180万千瓦级的火电厂，平均每年多采掘原煤5000万吨。

除废渣影响环境外，每年还将排放大量形成全球温室效应的二氧化碳，造成酸雨的二氧化硫，有毒气体一氧化碳和氮氧化物，还会产生大量的飘尘、降尘等；火电厂和弃渣场大规模的占地将从华东、华中这本来就人多地少的地区夺去更多的土地。

这不仅使中国今后将承受更大的环境所带来的压力，也对全球环境造成不利的影响。

3.航运
三峡水库将显著改善宜昌至重庆660公里的长江航道，万吨级船队可直达重庆港。

航道单向年通过能力可由现在的约1000万吨提高到5000万吨，运输成本可降低35-37%。

经水库调节，宜昌下游枯水季最小流量，可从现在的3000 m3/s 提高到5000 m3/s以上，使长江中下游枯水季航运条件也得到较大的改善。

五、兴建三峡工程中的问题
1.泥沙问题
长江宜昌段年输沙量5.3亿吨，将淤塞三峡水库。

水库正常挡水位175m高程，总库容393亿m3，死水位145m高程，死库容172亿m3，防洪库容221亿m3，蓄水调节库容165亿m3。

水库运行方案为：汛期限制水位145m高程，3年一遇洪水56700 m3/s以下不调洪，经泄深孔和水电站畅泄，可减少水库沙淤积。

来大洪水，水库调洪，仍下泄56700 m3/s；汛后冲水库淤积。

九月水库开始蓄水，约两个月到正常蓄水位175m高程。

次年汛前库水位降至155m高程，利用蓄水发电。

在155m水位，可保持川江航运。

到汛期，水位又降至145m水位，由于当时流量大，仍可保持川江航运。

这是创新的水库运行方案。

2.库区岸边边坡滑坡问题
经详细地质调查，三峡水库库岸有若干潜在滑坡，大的可达数百万m3。

但是离坝址最近的潜在滑坡，也远于26km，如发生滑坡，激起的冲击波到坝前消减到2～3m高，不影响大坝安全。

此外，库岸如发生滑波，由于水库宽深，不会影响航运。

3.枢纽工程技术问题
三峡枢纽185m高混凝土重力坝和1820万kW•h发电厂房，工程量大，但毕竟都是常规工程，我国有较多经验。

局部地基稳定问题经过处理，能满足安全要求。

70万kW水轮发电机组，首批从国外进口，后来由国内自制。

较复杂的
是两线五级船闸，在岩岸内深挖，最高边坡达170m，下部闸室垂直60m，高岩坡稳定性是担心的。

但工程师和施工人员的精心研究设计、爆破和锚固、开挖，岩坡长期稳定。

还有3000t客轮的升船机，是世界上最大的，正在设计研究中，并先修试验用升船机。

4.生态环境问题
修建三峡工程对生态环境有利方面为：防治下游土地和城镇淹没，减少火电空气污染，改善局部气候，水库可养鱼等。

对生态不利方面为：淹没耕地30余万亩，果地20余万亩，移民到库边高地，将破坏生态环境，水库静水减弱污水自净能力，恶化水质，影响野生动物的繁殖等。

所以有利有弊，不妨碍修建三峡工程。

应该把不利减少到最低程度，主要是水库移民要植树种草，修建梯田，保护生态环境，不要求粮食自给。

做到这些，要化大力气和资金。

控制重庆、涪陵、万县等城市排污，进行污水处理，保护水库水质，保护野生动物，设立保护区。

保护生态环境虽有难度，但必须解决也可以解决。

至于三峡风景，由于岩岸高近千米，而三峡坝只高出原来江面110m。

风景基本依旧，高峡出平湖，更增加了秀丽。

六、库区移民问题
三峡水库将淹没陆地面积632平方公里，涉及重庆市、湖北省的20个县（市）。

三峡水库淹没涉及城市2座、县城11座、集镇116个；受淹没或淹没影响的工矿企业1599家，水库淹没线以下共有耕地2.45万公顷；淹没公路824.25公里，水电站9.22万千瓦；淹没区房屋面积为3459.6万平方米，淹没区居住的总人口为84.41万人（其中农业人口36.15万人）。

考虑到建设期间内的人口增长和二次搬迁等其它因素，三峡水库移民安置的动态总人口将达到113万人。

任务艰巨，但必须要安置好移民，使其生活有所改善，并帮助移民创造生产条件，经过20年艰苦奋斗，富裕起来。

多数移民退至高地，一部分移民到外地。

三峡水库将淹没陆地面积632平方公里，涉及重庆市、湖北省的20个县（市）。

三峡水库淹没涉及城市2座、县城11座、集镇116个；受淹没或淹没影响的工矿企业1599家，水库淹没线以下共有耕地（含柑桔地）2.45万公顷；淹没公路824.25公里，水电站9.22万千瓦；淹没区房屋面积为3459.6万平方米，淹没区居住的总人口为84.41万人（其中农业人口36.15万人）。

考虑到建设期间内的人口增长和二次搬迁等其它因素，三峡水库移民安置的动态总人口将达到113万人。

1.三峡移民的开发性和开放性
国家在三峡工程建设中，实行开发性移民方针，由有关人民政府组织领导移民安置工作，统筹使用移民经费，合理开发资源，以农业为基础、农工商结合，通过多渠道、多产业、多形式、多方法妥善安置移民，移民的生活水平达到或者超过原有水平，并为三峡库区长远的经济发展和移民生活水平的提高创造条件。

开发性移民方针，是我国水库移民的一项重大改革。

这一方针，是在总结新中国建立以来移民工作的经验教训和三峡库区八年移民试点的基础上提出来的。

三峡水库移民一开始，就贯彻了开发性移民的方针政策，坚持国家扶持、政策优惠、各方支援、自力更生的原则，由政府出面，有计划地开发本地资源，拓展安置容量，并帮助提供配套服务，广辟生产生活门路，使之达到“搬得出，稳得住，逐步能致富”的目标。

同时，国家批准三峡库区为“三峡经济开放区”，享受沿海地区对外开放的某些特殊政策，并号召发达省、市对口支援三峡移民，把移民企业和相关生产要素推向了更为广阔的大市场。

三峡库区各级政府也出台了一些开展对口支援、招商引资的优惠措施。

库区移民呈现出了以开放促开发、以开发促安置的良性局面。

2.三峡移民的重组性和扩张性
三峡移民是一项涉及库区社会重构、资源重组的事业，重组性是三峡移民的显著特征之一，也是与传统的单纯补偿性移民、原样搬迁复制的根本区别。

实行开发性移民方针，必然要求结合移民搬迁，对生产要素进行重新组合，从而提高资源的配置效率，形成新的生产力。

所谓扩张，既是规模的拓展，更是结构的改善，功能的强化和质量的提高。

用发展经济学的观点看，实施开发性移民的过程，就是库区经济扩张的过程。

开发性移民从实施扩张开始，到实现扩张为止，整个移民搬迁和重建家园的过程贯穿着经济的扩张，充满着对未来扩张的向往。

当然，在实际运作中，要注重一切从移民实际出发，坚持理性扩张。

七、投资和效益问题
三峡工程静态投资900.9亿元（1993年物价），工程完成时动态投资约2000余亿元。

三峡工程投资来源有：国家贷款，国有电站电价每千瓦时加价0.4～0.7分钱，葛洲坝水电站电费收入，三峡水电站发电后的电费收入等，国家是有此财力保证投资到位的。

关于效益，预计在三峡工程建成后十年内，总的工程投资本息，包括工程费和移民费，都能用电费收入偿还，防洪、航运等没有分摊投资。

而三峡工程防洪、发电、航运等效益是长期的，还有巨大的社会效益。

由上可见，三峡工程的效益
是很大的，即使投资稍有增加，偿还年限稍有延长，也是十分合理的。