lecture 12习语翻译
新概念英语第二册第12课资料
新概念英语第二册第12课资料新概念英语第二册第12课Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见,一路顺风Our neighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time. We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.New words and expressions 生词和短语luck n. 运气,幸运captain n. 船长sail v. 航行 harbour n. 港口proud adj. 自豪important adj. 重要的参考译文我们的邻居查尔斯.艾利森船长明天就要从朴次茅斯启航了。
明天一大早我们将在码头为他送行。
他将乘坐他的“涛波赛”号小艇。
“涛波赛”号是艘有名的小艇,它已经多次横渡大西洋。
艾利森船长将于8点钟启航,因此我们有充裕的时间。
我们将参观他的船,然后和他告别。
【VIP专享】twelve lessons for a successful life李阳老师人生成功十二课中英文翻译倒背如流22
第一课 Be a life long learner做一个终身学习的人Learning doesn’t finish when you leave school.Learning can become a way of life which helps you to achieve your greatest potential.We never stop learning; there is always something new and interesting to discover.Learning new skills can be a bit scary but we all need to do this each time we reach a personal Learning plateau.Cross the plateau by actively seeking support and advice..Take up some training, further education, night classes-any new interest which will help (you) to develop your strengths.Keep looking and listening and keep your brain active.You are never too old to learn.离开学校并不意味着学习就结束了。
学习可以成为一种生活方式,帮助你发挥最大的潜能。
我们从来未停止学习,总会有新的,有趣的东西等待我们去发现。
.学习新的技能可能让人感到有一点恐惧,但每当我们在个人学习上停滞不前时,我们都需要去学习新的东西。
.积极地寻求支援和建议,突破停滞期。
参加一些培训,进修,夜校——任何新的兴趣都将会有助于发展你的优势。
多看,多听,让你的头脑保持活跃。
学习永远也不嫌年龄大。
张汉熙高级英语第三版第12 课课文翻译和单词
12 沙漠之舟艾尔•戈尔 我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。
这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。
但现在可不是丰收季节。
这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地,但当我站在船头向远处眺望时,却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。
极目四顾,原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在,取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。
渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上,散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。
十年前,咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊,可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。
而今,由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程,原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田,咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小,新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。
与此同时,这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头,但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产,而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。
我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界,考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。
一九八八年深秋时节,我来到地球的最南端。
高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面,我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中,与一位科学家进行着一场谈话,内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。
这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣,我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂,干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。
他一边讲话一边指给我看。
从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。
他将手指.到二十年前的冰层上,告诉我说,“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。
”这里虽处地球之顶端,距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥,但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。
迄今为止,地球大气层最重要的变化始于上世纪初的工业命,变化速度自那以后逐渐加快。
工业意味着先是煤、后是石油消耗。
我们燃烧了大量的煤和石油——导致大气层二氧化碳含的增加,这就使更多的热量得以留存在大气层中,从而使地球的候逐渐变暖。
lecture的意思用法大全
lecture的意思用法大全lecture的意思n. 演讲,训斥,教训vi. 作演讲vt. 给…作演讲,教训(通常是长篇大论的)变形:过去式: lectured; 现在分词:lecturing; 过去分词:lectured;lecture用法lecture可以用作名词lecture主要指教育性或学术性“演讲”,引申可指“冗长的训斥或谴责”。
lecture是可数名词,其后接介词on或about ,意为“关于…的演讲”“就…做演讲”“因…训斥或谴责某人”。
lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。
说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。
lecture用作名词的用法例句She ran over her notes before giving the lecture.她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。
His lecture covered various aspects of language.他的讲课涉及到语言诸方面的问题。
They could not follow the lecture.他们听不懂这次演讲。
lecture可以用作动词lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。
说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。
lecture也可用作及物动词,意思是“向…讲演,给…讲课”,接名词或代词作宾语。
lecture还可作“责备”“教训”“训斥”解,用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
“因…而受到训斥”可说lecture sb for n./v -ing。
lecture用作动词的用法例句It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.当着整个班级的面被训斥了一顿,真让我感到羞辱。
He lectured to his students on modern writers.他给学生们讲了关于现代作家的一课。
翻译课程 第12讲 习语翻译
广西师范学院《英汉互译(一)》课程教案编号: 15-12 开课单位:外语系授课教研室:翻译写作课程名称:《英汉互译(一)》授课教师:唐旭光教材:《新编英汉互译教程》,授课对象:06级英语专业2、3、5班《英汉互译(一)》第十二讲英汉习语的分类与翻译(Classification and Translation of English Idioms)1. 英语习语的种类与翻译There are quite a number of idioms in English and Chinese which correspond to each other. Look at the following:1. The great fish eat up the small.大鱼吃小鱼。
2. He who rides a tiger is afraid to dismount.骑虎难下。
3. It’s the saddle that makes the horse and the tailor, the man.人靠衣裳马靠鞍。
4. One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏。
2 Translate the following idioms:5. be armed to the teeth6. be as mild as a lamb7. to play with fire8. as gay / cheerful as a lark (像云雀那样快活)9. to shed crocodile tears10. Beauty lies in the lover’s eyes.11. In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.12. to teach a pig to play on a flute13. to flog a dead horse14. There is no smoke without some fire.15. Beauty is but skin-deep.16. Can the leopard change his spots?17. As gaudy as a peacock 像孔雀一样华丽参考答案:武装到牙齿;全副武装鳄鱼的眼泪;伪善的眼泪;猫哭老鼠假慈悲情人眼里出美人;情人眼里出西施盲人国里,独眼人称王。
八年级英语下册lesson12教材内容详解冀教版
Lesson 12 Pretty Little Plant美丽的小植物All around means in every place or everywhere. “all around”的意思是“在每个地方”或“到处”。
Let’s Do It! 做一做!●Do you have a favourite plant? Describe your plant or describe a plant you would like to have.You can draw a picture and show it to your class. Use your imagination!你有最喜爱的植物吗?描述一下你的植物或你想拥有的植物。
你可以(给它)画一幅画并拿给你的同学看。
运用你的想象力吧!◆重点难点详解1. …,and the other group sings the black words.……,另一组唱黑色的歌词.other adj. 另外的,其他的,别的everyone为不定代词,意为“每人;人人”,不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
●—Is everyone here? 大家都到齐了吗?●—Everyone in our village knows him. 我们村庄里的每个人都认识他。
3. A pretty little plant. 一棵美丽的小植物.⑴生词:pretty 在此作副词,意思是“相当,非常,很”。
●—Life on the farm was pretty hard. 农场的生活非常艰苦。
●—How are you? 你好吗?—Pretty well,thanks. 很好,谢谢。
⑵pretty adj. pleasant to look at, attractive 漂亮的;好看的;标致的●—Susan is certainly a pretty girl. 苏珊确实是个的漂亮女孩。
外研社《英语初级听力》第12课课文翻译
Lesson TwelveSection one:A)DialoguesDialogue 1:--Do you think you could stop whistling? 你觉得你能停止吹口哨吗?I’m trying to write an essay.我正想写一篇文章。
--Oh,I’m sorry. I thought you were in the other room.哦,我很抱歉,我以为你在另一个房间里。
Dialogue 2:--Is it alright if I leave my rucksack on the back seat? 我把背包放在后座上行吗?--Yes of course. Go ahead. 是的,当然可以。
放吧。
--And would you mind if I took off my shoes? 你介意我脱下我的鞋子吗?My feet are killing me.我的两只脚真要我的命。
--Well, I’d rather you didn’t. 额,我希望你不要做。
It’s rather a hot day. 这是相当热的一天。
Dialogue 3:--Hello,Charles, I haven’t seen you all day. 你好,查尔斯,我一整天都没见到你。
What have you been doing? 你在做什么?--Actually I’ve been working on my first novel. 其实,我一直在写我的第一部小说。
--Oh,yes. How far have you got with it?哦,好吧。
你小说进展如何?--Well, I thought of a good title, 嗯,我想到了一个好题目,and I made a list of characters,我做了一个角色列表,and I’ve designed the front cover.并且我已经设计好了封面。
【精美制作】新概念第二册 Lesson 12
Section 2
Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock so we shall have plenty of time.
We shall see his boat and then we shall say goodbye to him.
Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time. 词组:set out 出发 / 动身去某地 = set off Tom and I set off early in the morning.(We started our journey.) 我和汤姆一早就出发了。 Jansen set up a new world record for the 400metres. 珍森为400米跑创造了一个新的世界纪录。 词组:plenty of+ 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 = enough 大量的,丰富的
be back
end
be over
翻译: 他要离开五年。 He will be away for five years. 他父亲已经去世三年了。 His father has been dead for three years.
He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. 词组:take part in 参加 之前学过的表示“报名参加”的短语: enter for 语法:across the Atlantic 是介词短语做定语 (>2 words), 放在被修饰词的后面,我们称之为后置定语。
Lecture 1-8(中英句子)
Lecture One 定语从句[原句]Other government activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitution and laws.[译文]各州都有自己的宪法和法律,承担政府的其他职能。
[原句]Within each state are counties, townships, cities and villages, each of which has its own elective government.[译文]各州下属辖县,镇,市,村,皆有其民选政府。
一.省略法1.One of the features of London is the number of big stores, most of which are to be found inor near the W est End.[译文]伦敦一大特色是大商店多,大多数位于西区及其周边地区。
2.Another feature of London’s shopping life is the chain store, in which prices are low and awide variety of goods are offered.[译文]伦敦购物生活另一特色是连锁店,里面价格低廉,提供各种商品。
3.Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational,which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.[译文]美国报纸和其他国家一样,既有耸人听闻的小报,报道犯罪,色情和小道消息,也有严肃报刊,聚焦实事新闻,分析国际时事。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记:Lesson12
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记:Lesson12First listen and then answer the following question.听录音,然后回答以下问题。
Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor -- who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing thecustomer's name on his cheques. If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.GORDON BARRIE and AUBREY L. DLAMOND The Consumer Society and the Law【New words and expressions 生词和短语】current adj. 通用的,流行的account n. 账户cash n. 现金cheque n. 支票debtor n. 借方creditor n. 贷方obligation n. 义务complication n. 纠纷debit v. 把...记入借方specimen n. 样本forge v. 伪造forgery n. 伪造(文件,签名等)adopt v. 采用facilitate v. 使便利【课文注释】1. open a current account,开一个活期账号。
lecture12大学英语专业英译汉
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II. Supplying emotional particles
5. Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you. 别当真嘛!我不过开开玩笑罢了。 6. As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢,从一开始就不赞成。 7. He described it – its forests, its little villages, its people,
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3. The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 老头儿说:“听人说,从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他 过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。” 4 ___Have you watched the movie So Young?
后来,该回家了, 可是该走哪条路 呢?我们匆匆拐 上一条小道,我 以为能走回家去, 结果却到了海德 公园。
评论:原文的这两个语气词和并列连词用于表现叙 述的转折,汉语表达时要根据习惯找到合适的转折, 试验一下就会发现简单直译并不自然。
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My mind was quite confused now and I was rather frightened I ran to the left and to the right and asked several old ladies for the way to Addison Road, but I found to my horror that I could not understand a single word they said in reply! 这时我简直糊涂了,心里有些害怕,连忙跑向左 近几位老太太,打听到艾迪生路怎么走。让我惊 恐不已的是,她们的回答我连一个字也听不懂!
高级英语2的Unit12译文
高级英语2的Unit12译文Just recently a committee meeting at the University of Colorado was interrupted by the spectacle of a young man 1scaling the wall of the library just outside the window. Discussion of new interdisciplinary courses halted as we silently hoped he had discipline enough to return safely to the earth. Hope was all we could offer 2from our vantage point in Ketchum Hall, the impulse to rush out and catch him being 3checked by the realization of futility.就在最近,我们在科罗拉多大学举办的一次委员会会议因为窗户外一位年轻男士正在攀爬对面图书馆的高墙而半途中断。
这一刻,一切关于跨学科新课程的讨论戛然而止,因为我们都在默默地希望他接受过严格训练,能安全回到地面。
我们在凯彻姆礼堂看得很清楚,很想冲出去接住他,但当意识到这只能是徒劳无功时,我们所能做的也只有默默地为他祈祷。
The incident reinforced my sense that mountaineering serves as an 4apt analogy for the art of teaching. The excitement, the risk, the need for 5rigorous discipline all correspond, though the image I have in mind is not that of the solitary adventurer rappelling off a wall, but that of a Swiss guide leading an expedition.这次事件使我更加强烈地觉得攀岩对于教学艺术是一个恰当的类比。
综合英语二Lesson 12课后翻译习题答案
Lesson 12P4422.)Use the “useful expressions”1.恐怕你上错了船。
它是驶向上海的。
I am afraid you have boarded the wrong ship, She is heading/headed towards ShangHai.2.秘书确保每位出席会议的人都有一份主席的讲话稿。
The secretary made sure that everyone present at the meeting had a copy of the chairman’s speech.3.你可以把电话费用作为办公费用记下来。
You can put the telephone bill down as business costs/a business cost.4.执政党击退反对党的强烈反对,使这项法案得以通过。
The ruling party broke down the strong resistance of the opposition and got the bill past.5.我得抓紧时间,明天就该交论文了。
I have got to hurry up, as the paper is due tomorrow.6.面试中他信心十足,给考官留下了深刻的印象。
Brimming with confidence, he greatly impressed the interviewers.7.搬家时他处理掉了200多本旧书。
When he moved house he disposed of over 200 old books.8.他因业绩突出受到嘉奖,得到了两周的假期。
He was rewarded with a two-week vacation for his excellent performance.9.你今晚不用熬夜了,考试已延期到下周。
汉英翻译lecture 2习语的翻译和词语的翻译新共71页文档
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西,从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
42、只有在人群中间,才能认识自 己。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话,只需要教育; 而要挑战别人所说的话,则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
汉英翻译lecturБайду номын сангаас 2习语的翻译和词语 的翻译新
1、战鼓一响,法律无声。——英国 2、任何法律的根本;不,不成文法本 身就是 讲道理 ……法 律,也 ----即 明示道 理。— —爱·科 克
3、法律是最保险的头盔。——爱·科 克 4、一个国家如果纲纪不正,其国风一 定颓败 。—— 塞内加 5、法律不能使人人平等,但是在法律 面前人 人是平 等的。 ——波 洛克
44、卓越的人一大优点是:在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
lecture12(Idioms)
“择妻和选剑不能靠别人。”)
B.有些习语有多种译法,哪种译法恰当要 视具体语境而定:
(1)Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.
国读者所理解和接受。 )
as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 (如 直译为“瘦得像个横杆”,则不符合中国人习
惯。)
clean hand 两袖清风
He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头,卖狗肉。
as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色
There is no love lost between them.
很容易被理解成“他们彼此恩爱,感情从未 破裂”,
而实际意思却是"他们互相憎恨,毫无爱情 可言。" 类似的例子还有:
(1) It is a good horse that never stumbles.
好马也有失蹄时。(不宜译成“良马不失 蹄”)
典故成分——有些含典故成分的成语,其 典故成分属于虚义,即已失去典故性,可 以不译,如:
终南捷径:
shortcut to success 毛遂自荐:
to volunteer one’s service 南柯一梦:
fond dream 罄竹难书:
(of crimes) too numerous to mention 锦囊妙计:
??wisecounselwisecounsel有些含典故成分的成语其有些含典故成分的成语其??终南捷径??毛遂自荐??南柯一梦??罄竹难书??锦囊妙计??重叠成分重叠成分意义相同其中一部分便属于虚义这也称作成意义相同其中一部分便属于虚义这也称作成语搭配中的语搭配中的同义反复同义反复比较有些四字词组前两个字和后两个字有些四字词组前两个字和后两个字比较??可以比较英语对应表达翻译时译出一组的意思可以比较英语对应表达翻译时译出一组的意思就够了
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汉语“四字格”成语中的“并列结构”相当多, 汉语“四字格”成语中的“并列结构”相当多, 英语中也有一些类似的表达方法,例如: 英语中也有一些类似的表达方法,例如: 安然无恙: 安然无恙: safe and sound 号啕大哭: 号啕大哭: wail and weep 全心全意: 全心全意: heart and soul 勤勤恳恳: 勤勤恳恳: toil and moil 这说明英语成语中“并列结构” 这说明英语成语中“并列结构”的“同义反复” 同义反复” 主要是由于强调意思的需要; 主要是由于强调意思的需要;而汉语四字格成语 并列结构” 同义反复” 中“并列结构”的“同义反复”主要是构词形式 的需要。 的需要。
Some prefer turnips and others pears. 萝卜白菜,各有所爱。 萝卜白菜,各有所爱。 比译为“有人喜欢萝卜 有人喜欢梨”更能为中 有人喜欢萝卜, (比译为 有人喜欢萝卜, 有人喜欢梨 更能为中 国读者所理解和接受。 国读者所理解和接受。 ) as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 直译为“瘦得像个横杆 瘦得像个横杆”, (如 直译为 瘦得像个横杆 ,则不符合中国人习 惯。) clean hand 两袖清风 He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头,卖狗肉。 挂羊头,卖狗肉。 as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色
三、翻译习语应注意的几个问题 A. 准确理解习语,切毋望文生义,弄 准确理解习语,切毋望文生义, 出笑话来。 出笑话来。例如下面几例就是因为理解错 所以译文不对: 了,所以译文不对: (1)John likes to pat himself on the back. 约翰喜欢捶自己的背。(正确译法:约翰 约翰喜欢捶自己的背。(正确译法: 。(正确译法 喜欢自吹。) 喜欢自吹。) (3)He kissed the hare's foot. 他吻了兔子的脚。(正确译法: 。(正确译法 他吻了兔子的脚。(正确译法:他迟到 了。)
Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行。 祸不单行。 to take a load off one's mind 如释重负
(2)借用法(borrowing): 借用法(borrowing): 汉英习语含义相同, 汉英习语含义相同,形象一致或虽形象不 一致,但内涵相同时, 一致,但内涵相同时,可借用同义英语习 但不能简单对应,要多加推敲。 语。但不能简单对应,要多加推敲。 天有不测风云 a bolt from the blue 山穷水尽 at the end of its tether 龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠生儿打地洞。 龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠生儿打地洞。 Like father , like son. 宁为鸡头,不为牛后。 宁为鸡头,不为牛后。 Better be the head of a dog than tturning over one’s hand one’ 趁热打铁 Strike while the iron is hot. 味如嚼蜡 no better than chewing tallow 人为财死,鸟为食亡。 人为财死,鸟为食亡。 Men die for wealth, birds die for food.
(5) Of soup and love, the first is the best. 恋爱如喝汤, 头一碗最香。(不宜译“ 。(不宜译 恋爱如喝汤, 头一碗最香。(不宜译“头一 次喝汤恋爱最好” 次喝汤恋爱最好”。) (6)In choosing a wife and buying a sword we ought not to trust another. 择妻如选剑, 不能靠别人。( 。(不宜译为 择妻如选剑, 不能靠别人。(不宜译为 “ 择妻和选剑不能靠别人。”) 择妻和选剑不能靠别人。
左右为难 左右为难: 为难: stick in the mud 江湖骗子 骗子: 江湖骗子: swindler; charlatan 江河日下 日下: 江河日下: go from bad to worse; be on the decline 做贼心虚 心虚: 做贼心虚: have a guilty conscience
2,翻译方法: 翻译方法: 常采用直译、意译、借用、直译兼意译、 常采用直译、意译、借用、直译兼意译、 直译加注、省略等方法处理。 直译加注、省略等方法处理。 直译法(literal translation)(1)直译法(literal translation)---用于喻义相似、喻体相似的习语。不违 ---用于喻义相似、喻体相似的习语。 用于喻义相似 背译文语言规范,不引起误解的情况下, 背译文语言规范,不引起误解的情况下, 在译文中保留原文习语的形象、 在译文中保留原文习语的形象、修辞手段 和民族特色。 和民族特色。 轻于鸿毛,重于泰山。 轻于鸿毛,重于泰山。 to be lighter than a goose feather or heavier than Mount Tai.
有时,一些貌似有理据或合乎逻辑的 有时, 习语极易导致人们相信自己直觉而疏于查 单从字面或比喻意义去联想, 考,单从字面或比喻意义去联想,造成理 解以至表达的错误。 解以至表达的错误。这就要求译者不能马 不能望文生义,而需殚精竭虑, 虎,不能望文生义,而需殚精竭虑,采取 细针密缕的态度。例如: 细针密缕的态度。例如: There is no love lost between them. 很容易被理解成“他们彼此恩爱, 很容易被理解成“他们彼此恩爱,感情从未 破裂” 破裂”, 而实际意思却是"他们互相憎恨, 而实际意思却是"他们互相憎恨,毫无爱情 可言。" 类似的例子还有: 可言。 类似的例子还有:
(4)省略法(omission); 省略法(omission); 汉语成语中 四字对偶词组的前后两部分意 义相同或相近, 义相同或相近,只追求音韵美的四字重叠 结构或出于上下文的考虑,使行文流畅。 结构或出于上下文的考虑,使行文流畅。 有几种成语包含虚指成分。所谓“ 有几种成语包含虚指成分。所谓“虚指成 就是虚义, 分”就是虚义,翻译成其他语言时可以不 比如: 译 。比如: 修饰成分——有些含修饰成分的成语 有些含修饰成分的成语, 修饰成分——有些含修饰成分的成语,起 修饰成分可以不译, 修饰成分可以不译,例如下列成语中加点 的词: 的词: 江洋大盗 大盗: 江洋大盗: an infamous robber or pirate
as red as rose 艳如桃李 as clear as daylight 洞若观火 All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人终成眷属。 有情人终成眷属。 He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆东墙补西墙。 拆东墙补西墙。 Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢对手,将遇良才。 棋逢对手,将遇良才。
典故成分——有些含典故成分的成语, 典故成分——有些含典故成分的成语,其 有些含典故成分的成语 典故成分属于虚义,即已失去典故性, 典故成分属于虚义,即已失去典故性,可 以不译, 以不译,如: 终南捷径: 终南捷径: shortcut to success 毛遂自荐: 毛遂自荐: to volunteer one’s service one’ 南柯一梦: 南柯一梦: fond dream 罄竹难书: 罄竹难书: (of crimes) too numerous to mention 锦囊妙计: 锦囊妙计: wise counsel
(3)当直译或借译行不通时可采用意译 或直译兼意译(literal ( free translation )或直译兼意译(literal plus free translation)。 translation)。 A. 意译 滥竽充数 just to make up the number 斩草除根 pluck up the evil by the roots
to come like a dog at a whistle 一呼即来 Hilter was once as proud as a peacock. 希特勒曾是一个不可一世的家伙。 Mary and her mother are as like as two peas. 玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。 (而不是"像两颗豌豆一样相似")
洗心革面: 洗心革面: turn over a new leaf 倾城倾国: 倾城倾国: extremely beautiful 花言巧语: 花言巧语: -fine words 油嘴滑舌: 油嘴滑舌: glib tongue 筋疲力尽; 筋疲力尽; exhausted 随波逐流: 随波逐流: swim with the stream 土崩瓦解: 土崩瓦解: fall apart 两面三刀: 两面三刀: twotwo- faced tactics
第 十二 讲
汉英习语对比及其翻译
1、习语的定义及范畴 习语是民族语言中的精华。它短小精悍、 习语是民族语言中的精华。它短小精悍、 寓意深刻,具有浓郁的民族文化特色。 寓意深刻,具有浓郁的民族文化特色。 习语可包括成语、谚语、俗语、俚语等, 习语可包括成语、谚语、俗语、俚语等, 其结构既有短语、又有分句、还有句子。 其结构既有短语、又有分句、还有句子。 翻译习语首先要正确理解其含义, 翻译习语首先要正确理解其含义,认识其 文化特点,注意英汉习语之间的异同, 文化特点,注意英汉习语之间的异同,然 后运用正确的方法翻译。 后运用正确的方法翻译。 在准确地传达原习语的意义的同时, 在准确地传达原习语的意义的同时,还应 充分考虑到原文的浓郁民族风格--不同的文 充分考虑到原文的浓郁民族风格--不同的文 化背景、不同的思维方式、 化背景、不同的思维方式、不同的文法和 表达习惯。 表达习惯。
重叠成分——有些四字词组前两个字和后两个字 重叠成分——有些四字词组前两个字和后两个字 意义相同,其中一部分便属于虚义, 意义相同,其中一部分便属于虚义,这也称作成 语搭配中的“同义反复” 语搭配中的“同义反复”比较 可以比较英语对应表达, 可以比较英语对应表达,翻译时译出一组的意思 就够了。 就够了。如: 唉声叹气: 唉声叹气: have great sighs 安营扎寨: 安营扎寨: make camp; encamp 厚颜无耻: 厚颜无耻: impudent; shameless 深思熟虑: 深思熟虑: careful consideration