2013职称英语(理工类B)阅读理解和完型填空押题整理版

第四部分完形填空阅读理解：第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety(1-2)第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach (3-4)第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience(5-6)第六部分完型填空：(7-8)第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk第三篇：Giant Structures第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety教数学，教焦虑In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at theUniversity of Chicagol1Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.在最新一项关于小学生学数学的研究中，芝加哥大学的心理学家Sian Beilock和Susan Levine 发现，女教师的想法和女学生的学习之间有着惊人的联系：如果女教师对自己的数学能力感到焦虑，她的女学生很可能认为男孩子数学比女孩学得更好。

"If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3 said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have ifthey were more confident."如果一直由对数学有焦虑的女教师教授数学，就会对她们的数学成绩产生雪球效应"，Levine说。

换言之，女孩子们最后从老师那里获得的是对数学的焦虑。

该研究表明，如果女孩子们在一个认为男孩比女孩数学好的环境中成长，那么她们的数学可能会不如在更自信的状态下学得好。

Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn -- and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone.Researchers use the word "anxiety" to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.如同学生，教师也会觉得某些学科难学和难教，这就是研究者所言的"焦虑"：不自在或担心。

The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influencehow her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first- andsecond-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.此研究发现，教师对数学的焦虑能够传染给她的女学生们。

该研究的研究对象包括65个女孩，52个男孩和17位在中西部教一二年级的教师。

学生们在学年的开始和结束时都进行数学测试，研究者们比较得分。

The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teac hers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example,was probably anxious about math.研究者们测试学生是否认为数学明星一定会是男孩。

然后研究者们测试教师，试图找出哪些教师对数学感到焦虑，研究者们问教师们当碰到数学问题诸如阅读销售清单时的感受，如果一位教师一看到销售清单的数字就感到紧张，那么她很可能对数学存在焦虑。

Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxiousteachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did.Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math -- and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.平均来说，教师的焦虑不会影响到男孩子。

但是，一般说来，如果教女孩子的教师有数学焦虑症，那么女孩子们在学年结束时测试得分比其他的女孩要低。

另外，在关于是否认为数学明星应该是男孩的测试中，有20个女孩认为男孩数学比女孩好，这20个女孩的老师都是女性，且都患有数学焦虑症。

"This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in needof replication with a larger sample6," said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.来自密苏里大学的心理学家David Geary说"这是一个有趣的研究，但是这只是初步结果，需要用更大的调查样本进行重复验证"。

练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.B Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.Female teachers' math skills have influence over girl students' math skills.Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?A Math teachers,like math learners,do not like the subject due to its difficulty.B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.C Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltA nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.B helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.students.C provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.D discover a strong link between teachers' math anxiety and their students' mathachievements.5. David Geary thinks thatA the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.D the study is well based and produces significant results.第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。