TPO4听力解析
托福TPO4综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO4综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO4综合写作阅读原文文本： Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms. Polar dinosaurs One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates. Leg position and movement There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms. Haversian canals There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals. 托福TPO4综合写作听力原文文本： Many scientists have problems with the arguments you read in the passage. They don't think those arguments prove that dinosaurs were endotherms. Take the polar dinosaur argument. When dinosaurs lived, even the polar regions, where dinosaur fossils have been found, were much warmer than today, warm enoughduring part of the year for animals that were not endotherms to live. And during the months when the polar regions were cold, the so-called polar dinosaurs could have migrated to warmer areas or hibernated like many modern reptiles do. So the presence of dinosaur fossils in polar regions doesn't prove the dinosaurs were endotherms. Well, what about the fact that dinosaurs have their legs placed under their bodies, not out to the side like crocodiles. That doesn't necessarily mean dinosaurs were high-energy endotherms built for running. There is another explanation for having legs under the body. This body structure supports more weight, so with the legs under their bodies, dinosaurs can grow to a very large size. Being large had advantages for dinosaurs, so we don't need the idea of endothermy and running to explain why dinosaurs evolved to have their legs under their bodies. Ok, so how about bone structure? Many dinosaur bones do have Haversian canals, that's true. The dinosaur bones also have growth rings. Growth rings are thickening of the bone that indicates periods of time when the dinosaurs weren't rapidly growing. These growth rings are evidence that dinosaurs stopped growing or grew more slowly during cooler periods. This pattern of periodic growth, you know, rapid growth followed by no growth or slow growth, and then rapid growth again, is characteristic of animals that are not endotherms. Animals that maintain a constant body temperature year-round as true endotherms do grow rapidly even when the environment becomes cool. 托福TPO4综合写作满分范文： The professor actually contradicts the statements made in the passage. She is of the view that dinosaurs are not endotherms i.e. they were not able to keep their body temperature at a constant rate. The professor contradicts the issue of dinosaurs being endothers based on the availability of fossils being available in the polar regions, she say that the polar regions in those days were not as cold as they are today i.e at least warm enough for dinosaurs to live. Durin harsh winters she says that there is a possibility of the dinosaurs actually migrating to warmer regions. The issue of leg position and movement being used as a reason to clasify the dinosaurs as endotherms does not please the professor either. She says that dinosaurs had legs under their bodies to support their huge bodies i.e the legs under the body of the dinosaur were actually to support the huge weight of the dinosaur and not to provide it with a body structure like endotherms(which is actually suited for running). The professor acknowledges the presence of haversian canals but also points out that that the fossils show the presence of growth rings. These rings occur due to the thickening of the bone. The thickening indicates that the dinosaurs were’nt。
上海外国语大学出版视听说教程4听力原文及答案
上海外国语大学出版视听说教程4听力原文及答案【听力原文】Thousands of bees left the town after landing on the back of a car when their queen got stuck in its boot.【3】Tom Moses who works at a nearby National Park noticed a brown patch on the back of the car after the owner parked it to some shopping.When he looked closer, he realized it was a huge group of bees. Moses said,“I've never seen that many bees in one spot. It was very unusual. 【4】They were very close together and there was a lot of noise and movement. It was interesting to see such a strange sight. But there were a lot of people around and I was a bit worried about the bees and the people stopping to look. I thought that someone might do something stupid.” Moses called two local bee specialists who helped remove the bees by attracting them into a box. Moses spent three hours looking after the bees and was stung five times. He said, “My stings are a bit painful,but I'm pleased it all worked out and I could help. People need to realize that bees are valuable and they should be looked after.”3. What do we learn about Tom Moses?3. A) He works at a national park.B) He is a queen been specialist.C) He removed the beyond from the boot.D) He drove the bees away from his car.【答案】A【解析】由【3】Tom Moses who works at a nearby National Park noticed a brown patch on the back of the car after the owner parked it to some shopping. 可知：本题的正确选项为a项。
英语专业四级听力答案解析
英语专业四级听力答案解析听力部分是英语专业四级考试中的一项重要内容，为了帮助考生更好地理解和掌握听力材料，以下是对听力题目的详细解析。
Passage 1Question 1:Choice：A (It can help individuals improve their memory and attention)Explanation: In the passage, the speaker mentions that playing video games can improve cognition, including memory and attention. Therefore, the correct answer is A.Question 2:Choice：B (It is not based on scientific evidence)Explanation: The speaker states that there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that video games lead to violent behavior. Therefore, the correct answer is B.Question 3:Choice：C (Their brains are more adaptable to complex mental tasks)Explanation: The speaker mentions that video game players' brains are more adaptable to complex mental tasks, such as multitasking and strategic thinking. Therefore, the correct answer is C.Passage 2Question 4:Choice：B (To promote sustainable farming practices)Explanation: The speaker introduces a program that aims to promote sustainable farming practices, such as reducing chemical use and protecting biodiversity. Therefore, the correct answer is B.Question 5:Choice：C (To overcome challenges and gain success in organic farming)Explanation: The speaker discusses the challenges faced by organic farmers, such as lack of government support and limited market access. However, successful organic farmers are mentioned, indicating that overcoming these challenges can lead to success. Therefore, the correct answer is C.Question 6:Choice：A (The students' hands-on experience in organic farming)Explanation: The speaker mentions that students in the program gain hands-on experience in organic farming, which allows them to apply their knowledge and skills. Therefore, the correct answer is A.Passage 3Question 7:Choice：B (They were based on assumptions rather than evidence)Explanation: The speaker mentions that early theories about the migration of Pacific Islanders were based on assumptions rather than concrete evidence. Therefore, the correct answer is B.Question 8:Choice：C (The Polynesians' impressive navigation skills)Explanation: The speaker discusses the impressive navigational skills of the Polynesians, which enabled them to navigate the vast Pacific Ocean and settle in remote islands. Therefore, the correct answer is C.Question 9:Choice：A (Mapping patterns of wind and ocean currents)Explanation: The speaker suggests that the Polynesians were able to navigate using their knowledge of mapping patterns of wind and ocean currents. Therefore, the correct answer is A.总结：以上是对英语专业四级听力部分的详细解析。
托福TPO4套听力真题(文本)
托福TPO4套听力真题（文本）小马过河为大家准备了“托福TPO4套听力真题（文本）”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。
TPO-4TPO 04 – Listening PartConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a librarian.LibrarianCan I help you?StudentYeah, Ineed to find a review. It’s for myEnglish class. Wehave to find reviews of theplay we are reading. But theyhave to be from when the play was first performed,so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should startwith newspaper reviews and…LibrarianContemporary reviews.StudentSorry?LibrarianYou want contemporaryreviews. What’s the name of the play?StudentIt’s Happy Strangers. Itwas written in 1962 and we are supposed to writeabou t itsinfluence on American theatre and show why it’s been so important.LibrarianWell, that certainly explains whyyour professor wantsyou to read some ofthose old reviews. The critiquesreally torethe play to pieceswhen it opened.It’s so controve rsial. Nobody had everseen anything like it on the stage.StudentReally? Isthat a big deal?LibrarianOh, sure. Ofcourse thecritiques’reaction made some people kind ofcuriousabout it.Theywanted to see what’s causing all the fuss. In fact,we wer eonvacation in New York. Oh, I had tobe, eh,around 16 or so, and myparentstookme to see it. That would’ve been about 1965.StudentSo that wasthe year premier,great, but eh,newspaper from back then weren’tonline,so, how do I…LibrarianWell, wehave copies ofall the newspapers in the basement, and all the majorpapers publish reference guides to their articlesreviews,etc. You willfindthem in the reference stacksin the back. ButI start with 1964, so I thinktheplay had been running for a little while when I saw it.StudentHow do you like it?I mean just two characterson the stage hanging aroundand basically doing nothing.LibrarianWell, Iwas impressed. Theactors werefamous, and besides it was myfirsttime in a realtheatre.But you are right.It was definitelydifferent from manyplays that we read in high school. Ofcourse, in a small town the assignmentsare prettytraditional.StudentYeah, I’ve only read it but it doesn’t seem like it would be much fun to watch.The st orydoesn’t progress in anysort oflogical matter,doesn’t have realending either,just stops. Honestly,you know,I thought it was kind of slow andboring.LibrarianOh, wellI guess you might think that. Butwhen Isaw it back then it wasanything but boring. Some parts werereally funny,but Iremembercrying too.But I’m not sure just reading it. You know, they’ve done thisplay at least onceon campus. I’m sure thereis a tape of theplay in our video library. You mightwant to borrow it.StudentThat’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really thinkof it before I read those reviews.LibrarianI’m sure you willbe surprised that anyone ever found it radical. But you will see whyit is still powerful, dramatically speaking.StudentYeah, it must be something about it,or the professor wouldn’thave assigned it.I’m sure I’ll figure it out.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a biology class. The class is discussing animal behavior.ProfessorOk, the nextkind ofanimal behavior I want to talkabout might be familiar toyou. You mayhave seen, for example, a bird that’s in the middle ofa mating ritual, and suddenly it stops and preens,you know, takesa few momentstostraighten its feathers, and then returns tothe mating ritual. This kind of behavior,this doing something that seems completelyout ofplace, is what wecalla ‘Displacement Activity’. Displacement activitiesare activities that animal’s engaging in when theyhave conflicting drives. Ifwe takeour examplefrom a minute ago, if thebird is afraid ofits mate,it’s conflicted.It wantsto mate but it’s also afraid and wantsto run away. So, instead, it startsgrooming itself.So, the displacement activity,the grooming, the straightening ofits feathers,seems to be an irrelevant behavior.So, what do you think anotherexample ofa displacementactivity might be?KarlHow about an animal that, um, instead of fighting its enemyor running away,itattacksa plant or a bush?ProfessorThat’s reallygood suggestion, Karl. But that’s called ‘redirecting’.The animal isredirecting itsbehavior to another object, in this case, theplant or the bush.But that’s not an irrelevant or inappropriate behavior.The behavior makessense. It’s appropriate under the circumstances.But what doesn’t make senseis the object thebehavior‘s directed towards. Ok, who else? Carol?CarolI thinkI read in another class about an experimentwhere an object that theanimal was afraid of was put nextto its food – nextto the animal’s food. Andthe animal, it wasconflicted between confronting theobject and eating thefood, so instead, it just fellasleep. Like that?ProfessorThat’s exactlywhat I mean. Displacement occursbecause theanimal’s got twoconflicting drives – two competing urges, in thiscase, fear and hunger. Andwhat happens is, theyinhibit each other,theycanceleach other out in a wayand a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a processthat wecall‘Disinhibition’. Now in disinhibition, thebasic idea is that two drivesthatseem to inhibit,to hold back, a third drive. Or, well,they’re getting in a wayofeach in a… in a conflict situation and somehow lose control,lose theirinhibiting effecton that third behavior,which means thatthe third drive surfaces, it’s expressed in theanimal’s behavior.Now,these displacementactivities can include feeding, drinking, grooming, even sleeping. These arewhat we call ‘Comfort Behavior’.So whydo you thinkdisplacement activitiesare so often comfort behaviors, such as grooming?KarlMaybe because it’s easy for them to do? I mean,grooming is like one of themost accessible things an animal can do. It’s something theydo all thetime,and theyhave the stimulus right there on the outside oftheir bodies in order to do thegrooming, or if food is right in front of them.Basically, theydon’t have to think verymuch about those behaviors.CarolProfessor,isn’t it possible that animals groom because they’ve got messed upa little from fight ing or mating? I mean if a bird’s feathersget ruffled or an animal’s fur,maybe it’s not so strange for them to stop and tidythemselves upat that point.ProfessorThat’s another possible reason although it doesn’t necessarily explain other behavi ors such as eating, drinking or sleeping. What’s interesting is that studies have been done that suggest thatthe animal’s environment mayplay apart in determining what kind of behavior it displays. For example,there’s abird, the ‘wood thrush’,anyway, when the ‘wood thrush’is in an attack-escapeconflict, that is, it’s caught between the two urges to escape from or to attackan enemy,if it’s sitting on a horizontalbranch, it’ll wipe itsbeak on itsperch.Ifit’s sitting on a verticalbranch, it’ll groom its breast feathers.The immediateenvironment of thebird, its immediate,um, its relationship to its immediateenvironment seemsto play a part in which behavior will display.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a literatureclass.ProfessorAll right,so let me close today’s class with some thoughts to keep in mindwhile you are doing tonight’s assignment. You will be reading one of RalphWaldo Emerson’s best-known essays ‘Self-Reliance’and comparing it with hispoems and other works. Ithink this essay has the potentialto be quitemeaningful for all ofyou as young people who probably wonder about thingslike truth and whereyour lives are going - all sorts ofprofound questions.Knowing something about Emerson’s philosophie s will help you when youread ‘Self-Reliance’.And basically, one ofthe main beliefs that he had wasabout truth. Not that it’s something that wecan be taught,Emerson says it’sfound within ourselves. So this truth,the idea that it’s in each one ofus, is oneof thefirst points that you’ll see Emerson ** in this essay. It’s a bitabstract but he’s very into…ah…into each person believing his or her ownthought, believing in yourself, the thought or conviction that’s truefor you. But actually, he tiesthat in with a sort of ‘universal truth’ – something that everyone knows but doesn’t realizetheyknow. Most of us aren’tin touch with ourselvesin a way,so we just aren’t capable of recognizing profound truth. Ittakesgeniuses, people like, say,Sh akespeare, who’reunique because when theyhave a glimpse at this truth,this universal truth,theypay attention to it and expressit and don’t just dismiss it like most people do.So Emerson is reallyinto each individual believing in and trusting him orherself.You’ll see thathe writesabout, well,first, conformity. Hecriticizes that people of his time for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for thesake of conformity and consistency. Theytryto fit in with the restof the worldeven thou gh it’s at odds with their beliefsand their identities. Therefore,it’sbest to be a non-conformist – to do your own thing, not worrying about whatother people think. That’s an important point. Hereally drives thisargumenthome throughout the essay.When you are reading, I want you to think about that and why thatkind ofthought would be relevant to the readers of his time. Rememberthis is 1838,‘Self-Reliance’was a novel idea at thetime and the United State’s citizenswereless secure about themselvesas individuals and as Americans. Thecountry as a whole was trying to define itself. Emerson wanted to give peoplesomething to reallythink about, help them find theirown wayand what it meantto be who theywere.So that’s something that I thin k is definitely as relevanttoday as it was then, probably, um, especially among young adults likeyourselves, you know,uh, college being a time to sort of reallythink about whoyou are and where you’re going.Now we already said that Emerson really emphasizesnon-conformity, right,asa way to sort of not lose your own self and identityin the world, to have yourown truth and not be afraid to listen to it. Well, he takes thisa stepfurther. Notconforming also means, uh, not conforming with yourself or your past. Whatdoes that mean?Well, if you’ve always been a certain way or done a certainthing, but it’s not working for you anymore,or you’re not content,Emersonsays that it’d be foolish to be consistent evenwith our own past. ‘Focus on t hefuture,’ he says, “That'swhat matters more.Inconsistency is good.”He talksabout a ship’s voyage and this is one of themost famous bits oftheessay - how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines. Up close, it seemsalittle all over theplace, but from fartheraway, the truepath shows and in theend it justifies all theturns along the way.So, don’t worry if you are not surewhere you’re headed or what your long-term goals are.Staytrue to yourselfand it’ll make sense in the end. I mean,I can at test tothat. BeforeI was aliteratureprofessor, Iwas an accountant.Beforethat,I was a newspaperreporter.My life is taking some prettyinteresting turns and here I am, veryhappy with my experiencesand wherethey’ve brought me. Ifyou relyonyourself and trust your own talents,your own interest, don’t worry,your pathwill make sense in the end.ConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.ProfessorHey,Jane, you look like you arein a hurry.StudentYeah, things are a little crazy.ProfessorOh yeah? What’s going on?StudentOh, it’s nothing. Well, since it’s your class, I guess it’s OK. It’s, it’s just I am having trouble with mygroup project.ProfessorAh, yes, due next week.What’s your group doing again?StudentIt’s about United StatesSupreme Court Decisions. We are looking at theimpact of recent caseson propertyrights, municipal land use cases, owningdisputes.ProfessorRight,OK. And i t’s not going well?StudentNot really.I’m worried about othertwo people in my group. Theyare just sittingback, not really doing their fair share ofthe work and waiting for an A. It’s kindof stressing me out,because we aregetting close to thedeadline and I feellikeI’m doing everything for this project.ProfessorAh, the good old free writerproblem.StudentFree writer?ProfessorAh, it’s just a term that describes thissituation, when people in the group seekto getthe benefits ofbeing in a group without contributing tothe work. Anyway,what exactly do you mean when you say theyjust sit back? I mean,they’vebeen following theweekly progress repotswith me.StudentYes, but I feellike I’m doing 90% ofthe work. I hateto sound so n egative here,but honestly, theyare taking credit for things theyshouldn’t take credit for. Likelast weekin the library,we decided to split up theresearch into 3 partsandeach of us was supposed to find sources in the library for our parts. I went offto the stackand found some really good materialfor mypart, but when I gotback to our table,theywere just goofing off and talking. So I wentand gotmaterialsfor theirsections as well.ProfessorUm…you know you shouldn’t do that.StudentI know,but I didn’t want to risk the project going down thedrain.ProfessorI know Teresa and Kevin. I had both ofthem on othercourses. So, I’m familiarwith the workand work habits.StudentI know,me too. That’s why this has reallysurprised me.ProfessorDo you…does your group like your topic?StudentWell, Ithink we’d all ratherfocus on casesthat deal with personal liberties,questions about freedom of speech,things like that.But Ichose propertyrights.ProfessorYou chose the topic?StudentYeah, Ithought it would be good for us, all of us to trysomething new.ProfessorUm…maybe that’s part of theproblem. Maybe Teresa and Kevin aren’t thatexcited about the topic? And since you picked it,have you thought…talktothem at all about picking a different topic?StudentBut we’ve got all the sourcesand it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.ProfessorOK, I will letyou go ‘cause I know you are so busy. But you might consider talking to your group about your topic choice.StudentI willthink about it. Gotto run, see you in class.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a geology class.ProfessorNow we’ve got a few minutes beforewe leave for today.So I’ll just touch on an inter esting subject that I think makesan important point. We’ve been covering rocks and different types ofrocks for the last severalweeks. Butnext weekwe are going to do something a bit different.And to get started I thought I’d mention something that sho ws how uh…as a geologist, you need toknowabout more than just rocksand the structureof solid matter,moving rocks, you may have heard about them.It’s quite a mystery.Death valley is this desert plane, a dry lake bed inCalifornia surrounded bymountains and on the desertfloor these huge rocks,some ofthem hundreds of pounds. And theymove. Theyleave long trailsbehind them,tracksyou might say as theymove from one point to another.Butnobody has been able to figure out how theyare moving because no one haseverseen it happen.Now there area lot of theories,but all we know for sure is that people aren’t’moving the rocks. Thereare no footprints, no tyretracks and no heavymachinery like a bulldozer…uh, nothing was everbrought in to move theseheavy rocks.So what’s going on? TheoryNO.1 ---Wind? Some researchersthink powerfuluh…windstorms might move the rocks. Most of therocks move in the samedirection as the dominant wind pattern from southwest to northeast.But some,and thisis interesting, move straight west while some zigzag or even move inlarge circles.Um…How can that be?How about wind combined with rain? The ground ofthis desertis made of clay. It’s a desert,so it’s dry.But when thereis theoccasionalrain, the clay gr ound becomesextremelyslippery.It’s hard foranyone tostand on, walk on. Some scientiststheorized that perhaps when theground is slipperythe high winds can then move the rocks. There’s a problemwith this theory.One team ofscientists flooded an area ofthe desert with water,then tryto establish how much wind forcewould be necessary to move therocks. And guess this, you need winds of at least five hundred miles an hour to move just the smallest rocks. And winds that strong have neverbeen recorded. Ever!Not on thisplanet.So Ithink it’s safe to say that that issues has been settled.Hereis another possibility–ice.It’s possible that rain on thedesert floor could turn to thin sheetsof ice when temperaturesdrop at night. So if rocks…uh becomi ngbetter than ice,uh … OK, could a pieceof ice with rocks in it be pushed around by thewind? Butthere’s a problem with thistheory,too. Rockstrapped in ice togetherwould have moved togetherwhen the ice moved. Butthat doesn’talways happen. The rocksseem to take separate routes.Thereare a fewother theories. Maybe the ground vibrates, or maybe theground itself is shifting, tilting. Maybe the rocksare moved bya magnetic force. But sadly all these ideas have been eliminated as possibilities. The re’s just no evidence.I bet you are saying to yourself well, whydon’t scientists just setup video camerasto record what actually happens? Thing is this is a protective wilderness area. So by law that type of research isn’t allowed. Besides, in powerful windstorms, sensitive camera equipment would be destroyed. Sowhycan’t researchers just live therefor a while until theyobserve the rocks’moving? Same reason.So whereare we now? Well, right now we still don’t have any answers. So allthis leads backto mymain point – you need to know about more than justrocks as geologists. The researchersstudying moving rocks, well, theycombine their knowledge of rockswith knowledge of wind, ice and such…umnot successfully, not yet.But you know,theywould even have been able to getstartedwithout uh… earth science understanding – knowledge about wind,storms, you know,meteorology. You need tounderstand physics. So forseveralweeks like Isaid we’ll be addressing geology from a wider prospective.I guess that’s all for today. See you next time.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a United Statesgovernment class.ProfessorOK, last timewe were talking about government support for the arts. Who cansum up some of themain points? Frank?FrankWell, Iguess there wasn’t reallyany, you know, official government support forthe artsuntil thetwentieth century. Butthe first attempt theUnited Statesgovernment made to,you know, to support the artswas the FederalArtProject.ProfessorRight,so what can you say about the project?FrankUm…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employout-of-work artists.ProfessorSo wasit successful? Janet?What do you say?JanetYeah, sure,it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centersand galleriesand places like ruralareas where people hadn’t really had access to thearts.ProfessorRight.FrankYeah. Butdidn’tthe government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even verygood?ProfessorUh…some people might say that. Butwasn’t theprimary objective of the FederalArt Project to provide jobs?FrankThat’s true.Imean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists. ProfessorRight.But then when the United Statesbecame involved in the Second World War,unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren’treally necessary any longer.So, moving on, we don't actuallysee any govern…wellany realgovernment involvement in the artsagain until theearly 1960s, when President Kennedyand otherpoliticians started topush for major funding to support and promotethe arts. Itwas felt bya number ofpoliticians that …wellthat the governmenthad a responsibilityt o support the artsas sort of…oh, what can we say?...thethe soul…or spirit of the country. The idea was that therebe a federal subsidy…um…uh…financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions. And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Artswas created.So it was through the NEA,the National Endowment for the Arts, um…that the artswould develop, would be promoted throughout the nation. And thenindividual statesthroughout thecountry started to establish their own state arts councils to help support the arts. Therewas kind of uh…culturalexplosion.And bythe mid 1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty stateshad their own arts agencies, their own state artscouncils that work with the federalgovernmentwith corporations, artists, performers, you name it.FrankDid you just say corporations? How are theyinvolved?ProfessorWell, you see, corporations aren’t always altruistic. Theymight not support the artsunless…well, unless the government made i t attractive for them to do so,by offering corporations tax incentives tosupport the arts, that is, by lettingcorporations pay less in taxesif theywerepatrons ofthe arts. Um, theKennedyCentre in Washington D.C., you mayuh…maybe you’ve been there,or Lincoln Centrein New York. Bothof these werebuilt with substantialfinancial support from corporations. And the Kennedyand Lincoln centresaren’t the only examples. Manyof your cultural establishments in theUnitedStateswill have a plaque somewhere acknowledging the support – themoneytheyreceived from whatevercorporation. Oh, yes, Janet?JanetBut aren’t therea lot ofpeople who don’t think it’s thegovernment’s role tosupport the arts?ProfessorWell, as a matter offact, a lot ofpoliticians who did not believe in governmentsupport for the arts, theywantedto do away with the agencyentirely, for thatveryreason, to get rid of governmentalsupport.But theyonly succeeded intaking away about half the annual budget. And as far as thepublic goes,well…thereare about as many individuals who disagree with the governmentsupport as thereare those who agree.In fact,with artistsin particular, youhave lots of artistswho support and who have benefited from this agency,although it seems that just as many artistssuppose a government agencybeing involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like theydon’twant the government to controlwhat theycreate.In other words, theargumentsboth for and against government funding ofthe artsare as manyand, and as varied as the individual styles ofthe artists who hold them.源于：小马过河相关推荐：2012年11月18日托福写作真题解析2012年11月18日托福口语真题解析2012年11月18日托福阅读真题解析2012年11月18日托福听力真题解析。
托福TPO4口语Task5题目文本及答案解析
托福TPO4口语Task5题目文本及答案解析TPO托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。
托福听力可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料TPO模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天小编在这里整理了托福TPO4口语Task5题目文本及答案解析来分享给大家，希望对大家托福听力备考有帮助。
托福TPO4口语task5题目 Listening Part:Now listen to a conversation between two students on campus.(man) Hi, good morning. Could you help me with something?(woman) Uh, maybe, what’s up?(man) Well, I’m a first-year student.(woman) Everything going OK?(man) Actually, no. Um, this is a little embarrassing. I think I left my class schedule back at my dorm.(woman) Hmmm, not a good thing to do on the first day of classes.(man) Yeah, so I’m not sure where my class is, I think I remember it was supposed to be here in Smith Hall.(woman) There’s a computer for student use in the Student Center. You can go over there, look it up and check the room number. But you’d have to hurry.(man) Hmmm, that’s not a bad idea. I could check my schedule for the whole rest of the day at the sam e time. I don’t know where any of my other classes are either, but I don’t want to be late, make a bad impression with the professor on the first day. It’s actually my very first class, Introduction to Psychology.(woman) Psychology? Oh, OK, you’re definitely in the right building. And if it’s Introduction to Psychology, it’s gonna be a big class. In which case, it probably meets in a big lecture hall. Ther e are only three lecture halls in the building, one on every floor. Just check each floor till you find yours. There’s elevators so you should be able to move fast.(man) Yeah, but I don’t know what the professor looks like or anything. How would I know it’s my class or not? It’d be sort of embarrassing, sticking my head into each lecture hall asking if I was in the right place.(woman) Well, you might luck out and find it the first time.托福TPO4口语task5题目 Question:The speakers discussed two possible solutions to the man’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem then state which solution you recommend and explain why.托福TPO4口语task5 答案解析：1. Listening key(1.1) Problem: left class schedule back in the dorm, can’t find class(1.2) Solution 1: go to the student center and check on the computer(1.2.1) Pro: find the schedule for the whole day(1.2.2) Con: might be late for class and leave a bad impression on the prof.(1.3) Solution 2: check all the lecture halls one by one(1.3.1) Pro: saves time; there’s an elevator(1.3.2) Con: embarrassing to pop in and ask if it’s the right class托福TPO4口语task5 范文：The man’s problem is that he left his class schedule in the dorm and now he can’t find his class. There are two possible solutions. The first is to go to the student center and check his schedule on the computer. The second solution is to check the three lecture halls on each floor till he finds the right one. I think the first solution is better for the following reasons. First of all, if he looks up the schedule online, not only he can find where Introduction to Psychology is, he can also get his schedule for the rest of the day. Plus, it’d be really embarrassing to stick his head into each lecture hall, asking if it is the right one. It’ll disturb the other professors and students as well.托福TPO4口语Task5题目文本及答案解析相关文章：1.托福口语Task5的备考技巧和模板的正确使用方法。
【托福听力资料】托福TPO4听力文本——Lecture 2
【托福听力资料】托福TPO4听力文本——Lecture 2众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 4 Lecture 2 LiteratureNarrator：Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.Professor：All right, so let me close today’s class with some thoughts to keep in mind while you are doing tonight’s assignment. You will be reading one of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s best-known essays ‘Self-Reliance’ and comparing it with his poems and other works.I think this essay has the potential to be quite meaningful for all of you asyoung people who probably wonder about things like truth and where your lives are going - all sorts of profound questions.Knowing something about Emerson’s philosophies will help you when you read ‘Self-Reliance’. And basically, one of the main beliefs that he had was about truth. Not that it’s something that we can be taught, Emerson says it’s foundwithin ourselves. So this truth, the idea that it’s in each one of us, is one ofthe first points that you’ll see Emerson making in this essay. It’s a bit abstract but he’s very into…uh… into each person believing his or her own thought, believing in yourself, the thought or conviction that’s true for you.But actually, he ties that in with a sort of ‘universal truth’– somethingthat everyone knows but doesn’t realize they know. Most of us are in touch withourselves in a way, so we just aren’t capable of recognizing profound truth. Ittakes geniuses, people like, say, Shakespeare, who’re unique because when they have a glimpse of this truth, this universal truth, they pay attention to it and express it and don’t just dismiss it like most people do.So Emerson is really into each individual believing in and trusting him or herself. You’ll see that he writes about, well, first, conformity. He criticizes that people of his time for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for the sake of conformity and consistency. They try to fit in with the rest of the world even though it’s at odds with their beliefs and their identities.Therefore, it’s best to be a non-conformist – to do your own thing, not worrying about what other people think. That’s an important point. He really drives this argument home throughout the essay.When you are reading, I want you to think about that and why that kind of thought would be relevant to the readers of his time. Remember this is1838,‘Self-Reliance’ was a novel idea at the time and the United States citizens were less secure about themselves as individuals and as Americans. The country as a whole was trying to define itself. Emerson wanted to give people something to really think about, help them find their own way and what it meant to be who they were. So that’s something that I think is definitely as relevant today as it was then, probably, um, especially among young adults like yourselves, youknow, uh, college being a time to sort of really think about who you are andwhere you’re going.Now, we already said that Emerson really emphasizes non-conformity, right? Asa way to sort of not lose your own self and identity in the world, to have yourown truth and not be afraid to listen to it.Well, he takes this a step further. Not conforming also means, uh, notconforming with yourself or your past. What does that mean? Well, if you’ve always been a certain way or done a certain thing, but it’s not working for you any more, or you’re not content, Emerson says that it’d be foolish to beconsistent even with our own past.“Focus on the future,” he says, “That’s whatmatters more. Inconsistency is good.”He talks about a ship’s voyage and this is one of the most famous bits of the essay - how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines. Up close, it seems a little all over the place, but from farther away, the true path shows and in the end it justifies all the turns along the way. So, don’t worry if you are not sure where you’re headed or what your long-term goals are. Stay true to yourself and it’ll make sense in the end. I mean, I can attest to that. Before I was a literature professor, I was an accountant. Before that, I was a newspaper reporter. My life is taking some pretty interesting turns and here I am, very happy with my experiences and where they’ve brought me. If you rely on yourself and trust your own talents, your own interest, don’t worry, your path will makesense in the end.。
托福TPO4听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO4听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO4听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a librarian. Librarian: Can I help you? Student: Yeah, I need to find a review. It’s for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they have to be from when the play was first performed, so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews and… Librarian: Contemporary reviews. Student: Sorry? Librarian: You want contemporary reviews. What's the name of the play? Student: It’s Happy Strangers. It was written in 1962 and we are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre and show why it’s been so important. Librarian: Well, that certainly explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews. The critiques really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It’s so controversial. Nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage. Student: Really? Is that a big deal? Librarian: Oh, sure. Of course the critics’ reaction made some people kind of curious about it. They wanted to see what was causing all the fuss. In fact, we were on vacation in New York. Oh, I had to be, oh, around 16 or so, and my parents took me to see it. That would’ve been about 1965. Student: So that was the year it premiered? Great! But uh, newspapers from back then aren’t online, so, how do I… Librarian: Well, we have copies of old newspapers in the basement, and all the major papers publish reference guides to their articles, reviews, etc. You will find them in the reference stacks in the back. But I start with 1964, I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it. Student: How do you like it? I mean just two characters on the stage hanging around basically doing nothing. Librarian: Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theatre. But you are right. It was definitely different from many plays that we read in high school. Of course, in a small town the assignments are pretty traditional. Student: Yeah, I’ve only read it but it doesn’t seem like it would be much fun to watch. The story doesn’t progress in any sort of logical matter, doesn’t have real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was kind of slow and boring. Librarian: Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring. Some parts were really funny, but I remember crying too. But I’m not sure just reading it. You know, they’ve done this play at least once on campus. I’m sure there is a tape of the play in our video library. You might want to borrow it. Student: That’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews. Librarian: I’m sure you will be surprised that anyone ever found it radical. But you will see why it is still powerful, dramatically speaking. Student: Well, there must be something about it, or the professor wouldn’t have assigned it. I’m sure I’ll figure it out. 托福TPO4听力Conversation1题目 Question 1 of 5 Why does the man need the woman’s assistance?Click on 2 answers. A. He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs. B. He does not know the location of the library’s videos collection of plays. C. He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed. D. He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at. Question 2 of 5 What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers?。
托福TPO4口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO4口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO4口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a talk in an Art Appreciation class. Professor (female): In order for art to communicate, to appeal to the emotions or the intellect, it has to combine various visual elements to express meaning or emotion. It’s really the visual components of the work, things like color, texture, shape, lines and how these elements work together that tell us something about the work. Artists combine and manipulate these visual elements to express a message or to create a mood. Think about how a painter might use colors, for example. You all know from experience that different colors appeal in different ways to the senses and can convey different meanings. An artist chooses certain colors to evoke a particular mood and make powerful statements. The color red, for example, is a strong color, and can conjure up strong emotions such as extreme joy or excitement or even anger. Blue, on the other hand, is considered a cool color. Blue colors tend to have a calming effect on viewers. Another visual element important to art is texture. By texture I mean surface quality or feel of the work, its smoothness or roughness or softness. Now, of course, in some types of art the texture is physical. It can be actually be touched by the fingers. But in painting, for example, texture can be visual. The way an artist paints certain areas of the painting can create the illusion of texture, an object’s smoothness or roughness or softness. A rough texture can evoke stronger emotions and strength while a smooth texture is more calming and less emotional. As I said earlier, artists often combine elements to convey a message about the work. Take a painting that, say, uses a lot of strong colors like reds and oranges and uses brush stokes that are broad, wide sweeping brush strokes that suggest a rough texture. Well, these elements together can convey a wilder more chaotic emotion in the viewer than, more than say a painting with tiny, smooth brush stokes and soft or pale colors. Artists use these visual effects and the senses they arouse to give meaning to their work. 托福TPO4口语Task6题目： Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the importance of visual elements in painting. 托福TPO4口语Task6满分范文： In the lecture, the professor says in order for art to express meaning or emotion, artists need to combine various visual elements such as color and texture. Different colors can evoke different moods. Red is a strong color so it evokes strong emotions such as extreme joy, excitement and anger, whereas blue is a cool color so it evokes calming effect. As for texture, a rough texture can evoke strong emotions and strength, while a smooth texture is more calming and less emotional. Artists need to combine these elements to express meaning or convey message. For example, if a painting uses strong colors such as red and orange and uses brush strokes to give a rough texture, it will convey a wilder and more chaotic emotion in a viewer than a painting with soft colors and smooth texture. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO4口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
tpo4task真题及答案解析
tpo4task真题及答案解析TPO (Test of English for International Communication) is a widely recognized English proficiency test that measures an individual's ability to communicate effectively in English in a variety of real-life situations. TPO 4 is one of the practice tests available for test takers to familiarize themselves with the format and content of the actual exam. In this article, we will provide an analysis of TPO 4, including the task types and sample answers.TPO 4 consists of three sections: Listening, Reading, and Speaking. In the Listening section, test takers are required to listen to a variety of audio recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. The topics covered in TPO 4 include academic lectures, conversations, and discussions. It is essential to practice active listening and pay attention to the details in order to answer the questions correctly.Moving on to the Reading section, test takers are presented with academic passages and must answer multiple-choice questions and complete summaries based on the information provided. The passages in TPO 4 cover various subjects such as biology, sociology, and anthropology. It is crucial to develop effective reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, and making use of context clues to comprehend the passages and answer the questions accurately.In the Speaking section of TPO 4, test takers are given prompts and are required to provide spoken responses. They must express their opinions, provide reasons, and support their responses with relevant examples. This section assesses the ability to communicate fluently and coherently in spoken English. It is essential to organize thoughts and ideas before responding and to speak clearly and confidently.Now let's delve into the analysis of the answers for some of the tasks in TPO 4:In the Listening section, there is a task where test takers need to listen to a conversation between two students discussing a course project. The question asks about the purpose of the project. The correct answer is that the purpose is to apply what they have learned in the course. The students mention that the project is a requirement for the course and that they need to demonstrate their understanding of the concepts by applying them in a practical project. Therefore, choosing this option demonstrates a thorough understanding of the conversation.In the Reading section, there is a passage about the “tragedy of the commons.” The passage explains how the overuse and depletion of common resources occur due to individuals pursuing their self-interests. The question asks for the definition of the tragedy of the commons. The correct answer is that it is the degradation of shared resources due to individual exploitation. The passage highlights that when individuals have access to shared resources, they tend to exploit them for their own benefit, leading to depletion.Therefore, selecting this option demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the passage.In the Speaking section, there is a prompt asking test takers about their favorite kind of music. When responding,it is important to provide a clear opinion and support it with relevant examples. A sample response could be: "My favorite kind of music is classical. I find it soothing and relaxing, especially after a long day. I enjoy listening to symphonies by Beethoven and Mozart. The intricate melodies and harmonies transport me to another world and help me unwind. Additionally, classical music has been proven to enhance concentration and cognitive abilities, which is an added benefit. Overall, I find classical music to be a timeless and enriching genre."In conclusion, TPO 4 is a valuable resource for test takers preparing for the TPO exam. By analyzing the tasks and providing sample answers, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the format and content of the test. It is essential to practice actively listening, develop effective reading strategies, and communicate fluently in spoken English to perform well on the exam. Remember to approach each task with focus and concentration, and to utilize the skills and techniques acquired during preparation. Good luck!。
《现代大学英语听力4》听力原文及题目答案Unit-2
Unit 2Task 1:【答案】June 5th，the United Nations，1972，world leaders and citizens how to protect the environment，San Francisco, California，"Plan the Planet"，"Green Cities"，most people now live，more than 75 percent，the former vice president，music concerts，parades，tree plantings，representatives from many environmental organizations【原文】Every year on June fifth many countries celebrate World Environment Day. The United Nations established this special day in nineteen seventy-two to get people to think about taking care of the planet. Faith Lapidus tells us more.“Public events for World Environment Day are taking place from June first through June fifth. The events and conferences help teach world leaders and citizens how to protect the environment.“Every ye ar World Environment Day is celebrated in a different city. This year it is being held in San Francisco, California. This is the first time since the beginning of World Environment Day that the conference is being held in the United States. The main message of World Environment Day this year is ‘Plan for the Planet’. The events and conferences will show how to have ‘Green Cities’. This means that people will talk about ways that cities can have healthy environments.—“Most people in the world live in citi es. This makes them especially important areas of environmental concern. Cities use more than seventy-five percent of the world's natural resources such as water and gasoline. World Environment Day will center on how people in cities can work together to help save the planet.“San Francisco is holding public talks to discuss pollution reduction, clean energy sources and the importance of healthy parks and gardens. Special experts are among the speakers. For example, former vice-president Al Gore will talk about climate change. There also are fun events such as music concerts, movies, art shows, parades, bicycle rides and tree plantings. Local farmers and restaurant owners will serve food that has been naturally grown.“The Mayor of San Francisco, Gavin Newso m, invited city leaders from all over the world to attend this conference and share ideas. Representatives from many environmental organizations also are attending. The United Nations hopes to create an international agreement that countries and citizens w ill follow to help improve the Earth's environment.”Task 2:【答案】A.1) d^2) a4) cB.1) Occupational noise2) Aircraft noise3) Traffic noise$【原文】The sense of sound is one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us. Sound has a wasted product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets and better.Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution—the crashing, squeaking, banging, hammering of people—is no joke. It is a threat that should be looked at carefully. Sound is measured in units called “decibels”. At a level of 140 decibels people feel pain in their ears.Automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, airplanes, boats, factories, bands—all these things make noise. They bother not only our ears, but our minds and bodies as well. There is a saying ab out it being so noisy that you can’t hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don’t we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems. Noise adds more tension to society that already faces enough stress. But noise is not a new problem. In ancient Rome, people complained so much about noise that the government stopped chariots from moving through the streets at night!Noise can be separated into a few general groups. The following examples are taken from hearings before the US Senate Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution in 1970.Occupational noise—Factory workers who always hear noise have poorer hearing than other groups.Aircraft noise—Around airports or on air routes the noise of airplanes taking off and landing causes the greatest complaints.Traffic noise—Away from the noise of planes, traffic sounds break in on our peace and quiet. Trucks and motorcycles cause the most problems.|Task 3:【答案】1) F2) F3) T4) F5) T\6) F7) F9) T【原文】We usually think of pollution as a harmful waste substance that threatens the air and water. But some people have become concerned about another kind of pollution. It can be everywhere, depending on the time of day. And it was not thought of as a substance. It is light.The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities. In many areas, this light makes it difficult or impossible to observe stars and in the night sky. In 1998, the International Dark-Sky Association formed. This organization wants to reduce light pollution in the night sky. It also urges the effective use of electric lighting.There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important. One has become clear at the Mount Wilson near Los Angeles, California. Mount Wilson Observatory was home to the largest telescopes in the world during the first half of 1900.During that period, Los Angeles grew to become one of America's biggest cities.Today, light from Los Angeles makes the night sky above Mount Wilson very bright. It is no longer an important research center because of light pollution./Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescopes in other important observatories. They include Lick Observatory near San Jose, California and Yerkes Observatory near Chicago, Illinois.Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light shining into the sky is not being used to provide light where it is needed on Earth. Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution. Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution.Recently, two Italian astronomers and an American environmental scientist created a world map of the night sky. The map shows that North America, Western Europe and Japan have the greatest amount of light pollution.Most people in America are surprised to find out that they are able to see our own galaxy, the Milky Way, with their own eyes. But about three fourths of Americans cannot see the Milky Way because of man-made light.Objects in the night sky are resources that provide everyone with wonder. And light pollution threatens to prevent those wonderful sights from being seen.Task 4:【答案】A.Israel and Jordan，365，the lowest point，saltiest，are important to Jews, Christians and Muslims，Minerals，The strange beauty of the seaB.Purpose of the project: To help save the Dead Sea from shrinking.—Countries to initiate the project: Israel and Jordan.Cause of the shrinking: Water that used to flow from the Jordan River into the Dead Sea has beenredirected for other uses in the area.Specific measures: A pipeline of more than 300 kilometers long will be built to pump water from the Red Sea through both countries into the Dead Sea.Duration of the project: At least three years.Cost of the project: 1,000 million dollars.Message sent by this project: The environment, ecology and nature are more important thanborders or political conflicts.C.1) T~2) T【原文】Israel and Jordan recently announced that they would work together to help save the Dead Sea from shrinking. Government officials said the joint project would help the sea, protect the area's unusual wildlife and increase the number of visitors to the area. The announcement was made during the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development earlier this month in Johannesburg, South Africa.The Dead Sea is on the border between Israel and Jordan. It is 365 meters below sea level. That is the lowest point on Earth. The Dead Sea is the saltiest large body of water in the world.The area around the Dead Sea has ancient places that are important to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Minerals in the Dead Sea are used for health treatments. The strange beauty of the sea brings many visitors to the area.But the Dead Sea is shrinking by almost one meter each year. Most of the water that flows into the Dead Sea comes from the Jordan River. However, water flowing from the Jordan River has been redirected for other uses in the area. Officials say within the next 50 years, the Dead Sea could shrink to less than half of its current size.To prevent that, Israel and Jordan plan to build a pipeline more than 300 kilometers long. The pipeline would pump water from the Red Sea through both countries into the Dead Sea. After the pipeline is built, the officials hope to build a canal and a salt removal System that will provide fresh water to Jordanians, Israelis and Palestinians.The pipeline will take at least three years to build. The project will cost as much as 1,000 million dollars. Israel and Jordan hope to pay for it with help from other countries. The project is expected to begin after a nine-month study is completed.^Israel and Jordan had hoped to cooperate closely on a number of issues after they signed a peace agreement in 1994. However, tensions have increased between them since the current Palestinian uprising began two years ago.Officials from Israel and Jordan described the water project as a major step forward. Experts say the agreement sends a message that the environment, ecology and nature are more important than borders or political conflicts.Task 5:【答案】A.1) 27 percent, higher ocean temperatures，activities by people，60 percent2) developing countries，off the coast of northeastern Australia，off the Philippines，the Caribbean islands，South America%B.Coral reefs support many kinds of sea life.Coral reefs also protect coastal communities in storms.Coral reefs support fishing activities and protect inland waterways.Coral reefs also have become popular stops for travelers.Corals are even important for medical research.C.1) F？2) T3) T【原文】Environmental experts are concerned about the world's coral reefs. A recent study found that twenty-seven percent of all coral reef systems have been destroyed. Experts believe higher ocean temperatures and activities by people are to blame. The study warns that sixty percent of the reef systems could be permanently lost if nothing is done to stop the problem.Corals are groups of small organisms called polyps. These polyps live within a skeleton made of a substance called limestone.Corals are found in warm waters. Millions of corals grow together to form coral reefs. Coral reefs are some of the oldest natural systems in the world. The reefs support many kinds of sea life. They can be to important to local and national economies. The reefs also protect coastal communities in storms.The World Wildlife Fund paid for the independent report. The group warns that the destruction of coral reefs will result in severe losses to the world economy. Peter Bryant works with the Endangered Seas Program of the World Wildlife Fund. Mister Bryant notes that most of the reef systems are in developing countries. He says the presence of coral reefs produces money for many economies.Coral reefs support fishing activities and protect inland waterways. They also have become popular stops for travelers. Many people like to swim underwater to see coral reefs. Mister Bryant estimates that the world's coral reefs are worth thirty-thousand-million dollars a year.{The largest in the world is the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of northeastern Australia. Coral reefs also are found in waters off the Philippines, Indonesia, the Caribbean islands, the United States and South America.Corals are even important for medical research. Mister Bryant says more than half of all new cancer drug studies involve sea creatures. For example, he notes there is a reef in the Caribbean with organisms that form the basis of the AIDS drug A-Z-T.The World Wildlife Fund say coral reefs should be declared protected areas. That way, human activities could be more closely supervised. The group says governments must take responsibility for the future of their coastal communities.Task 6:【答案】A.The group claims responsibility for hundreds of acts of destruction in the United States in the \past five years, with the destruction estimated at more than 30 million dollars. Since 1996, members of the group have claimed to have damaged or burned hundreds of new homes, tree- cutting companies, federal offices and animal and plant research laboratories. They say their goal is to stop development and other activities they consider harmful to nature. They say their property attacks are aimed at industry and rich people who profit from the destruction of the natural environment. The Earth Liberation Front says it will use any direct action necessary to carry out its goals. But it says it is opposed to harming animals or humans. Traditional environmental groups in the United States reject the group's methods.B.1) a 17-year-old student，the state of New York，cooperate with officials investigating the Earth Liberation Front2) environmental extremists，the group usually leaves very little evidence behind【原文】For years, American law enforcement officials have been trying to solve a series of environmental crimes. The crimes are linked to a group known as the Earth Liberation Front. The group claims responsibility for hundreds of acts of destruction in the United States during the past five years. The destruction has caused more than thirty million dollars worth of damage.Federal investigators say they are finally closer to solving the crimes. Recently, a seventeen-year-old student reportedly admitted setting a series of fires in the state of New York. He was charged in connection with acts of damage believed to be carried out by the Earth Liberation Front. The student is the son of a New York City police officer. He reportedly made the admission during a secret court hearing. As part of a deal, the student agreed to cooperate with officials investigating the Earth Liberation Front. He could face up to twenty years in prison.This is the first time that a member of the group has admitted being responsible for environmental crimes linked to the Earth Liberation Front. Three other suspects in the property attacks were negotiating with federal officials.Since Nineteen-Ninety-Six, members of the group have claimed to have damaged or burned hundreds of new homes, tree-cutting companies, federal offices and animal and plant research laboratories. They say their goal is to stop development and other activities they consider harmful to nature. They say their property attacks are aimed at industry and rich people who profit from the destruction of the natural environment.The Earth Liberation Front says it will use any direct action necessary to carry out its goals. But it says it is opposed to harming animals or humans. Traditional environmental groups in the United States reject the group's methods.The Earth Liberation Front includes environmental extremists who operate independently of each other. Federal investigators say their lack of structure has made them difficult to stop. And they say the group usually leaves very little evidence behind.A few weeks ago, the group claimed responsibility for burning several new homes inMount Sinai, New York. It has also claimed responsibility for destructive acts in Colorado, Arizona, Oregon and Wisconsin.Task 7:}【答案】A.renewable energy，the next ten years，1 percent，1,500 megawatts，past 20 years，38 cents，3 cents，a 90 percent drop，government supportB.A number of people who live on or visit the Cape say Cape Cod is a national treasure should not be open to industry. They argue that building the windmills would hurt fish and birds in the area, and it would hurt tourism. They say the windmills will ruin the beauty of looking out to sea from the coast.C.1) T2) F》【原文】A study says wind power will lead the growth in the use of renewable energy in the United States and Canada over the next ten years. Renewable energy also includes forms like power from the sun. Navigant Consulting in the United States carried out the study. Energy companies helped pay for much of the research.The use of wind energy has grown in the United States, but remains less than one percent of all the energy produced.Lisa Frantzis led the study. She says the researchers expect additions of as much asone-thousand-five-hundred megawatts from wind power projects each year. That is about equal to the energy production of one nuclear power station.The study says there have been major improvements in the performance of all renewable energy technologies in the past twenty years. For example, the study reports a ninety percent drop in the price of electricity produced from wind. In the nineteen-eighties a kilowatt hour of wind power cost about thirty-eight cents. Now, a kilowatt hour is closer to three cents.The study found that government support must continue and grow to permit renewable energies to compete in the power industry.However, some renewable energy companies face criticism. In fact, wind energy producers usually have to deal with opposition from communities they try to enter.Currently, a wind energy company is trying to set up business in Cape Cod, Massachusetts,in the northeastern United States. The Cape Wind company wants to place more thanone-hundred windmills in nearby waters. The windmills are hundreds of meters tall. Cape Windsays the project could provide Cape Cod with seventy-five percent of its electricity needs. And, it would not create pollution.'But, a number of people who live on or visit the Cape say they do not want the windmills. They say Cape Cod is a national treasure that should not be open to industry. They argue that building the windmills would hurt fish and birds in the area. And, they say it would hurt tourism. They say the windmills will ruin the beauty of looking out to sea from the coast.Environmental groups, however, look at the situation differently. They ague that a source of energy that does not cause pollution would protect natural environments like Cape Cod.Task 8:【答案】A.1) For him, pollution is the way environment is being misused, the actions which consume the environment, like the overuse of artificial fertilizers and over-cropping in developing agriculture. And the harmful substances like the waste from motor cars and factories are less important.2) They see pollution as a social problem, and the root cause of pollution is the way we organize our society and the incredible waste of resources.B.!1) Housewives can avoid buying things that they don't need.2) They can also cut down on the amount of packaging and try not to buy dyed toilet paper to reduce water pollution.3) People can avoid buying drinks in non-returnable bottles.4) They can reduce consumption by making their own food instead of buying it.【原文】Matthew: Christopher, most countries now appear to become increasingly concerned with the issue of pollution and its control. How do you see this problem Christopher: What I see as pollution is the way the environment is being mishandled. Um...obviously there are certain waste products which are vomited out of motor cars orout of factories, either into the sea or into the river ways and so on. But, you know,they are what people say is pollution. More important things, I think, in terms ofpollution, are the way that the environment in general is being misused. Thingslike agriculture, where artificial fertilizers and over-cropping and so on literallyconsume the environment. It is all picked up, collected, and transported from theland in terms of food or fibers and then ends tip in the sea at some stage, eitherthrough sewage or through waste products. I think that they are probably moresignificant.-Matthew: Right. Michael, can you tell me though whether.., urn.., as I get the feeling, this isa problem which has been blown up by the media, because people wish to avoidsome of the more difficult problems to do with being a consumer society,...and, ina sensei trying to solve many aspects of the pollution problem is rather a sort ofcleaning up process without getting to the root of the problemMichael: Well, pollution is a symptom really rather than the cause.Matthew: Mmm.Michael: But of itself it does produce many quite serious results. In fact we do not really know what the long-term effects of many pollutants are going to be, but mostforms of pollution can be solved.., urn.., fairly easily and usually by technicalmeans. Now the difficulty with other environmental problems is that many ofthem have no technical solution and this is where the difference arises betweenthose who are advocating technical solutions to problems which they see almostpurely in terms of pollution and those who see the real problems of society as awhole, the way we organize it, the incredible waste of resources that is endemicin this society.Matthew: This seems a very complex problem. Jane, how can individuals of the public, housewives, children at school, anyone.., help to prevent pollution Jane: Well, I think there are lots of things people can do in the home or at school or in the office. Mm... when it comes to tackling the problems on a major basis, Imean it's question of continual lobbying and pressuring, writing to newspapers,etc. But I think there are many things that people.., particularly housewives cando in the house, like urn.., for instance, just not buying things that have no useafter the package has been opened,.., um... to really make a note of the sort ofstuff that goes into the rubbish bin, that's very, very important; you can cut downon the amount of packaging.., on the amount of, for instance, water pollution likebuying um... toilet paper that's dyed... um.., and all this sort of thing that peoplecan cut down on. You can make a greater .effort not to buy drinks innon-returnable bottles; to make your own food, such as jams and drinks whichare quite easy to do, rather than just going out and buying and consuming moreand more. And if you put this into practice in all walks of life, in the home and atschool and in the office, this is a very, very good, major contribution to helpingsolve some of the more immediate problems of pollution.Matthew: So in a sense, perhaps you are saying that it's the way we consume things that is creating pollution, by the litter they cause or perhaps by the fact that we use somuch oil, and therefore there will be a number of oil tankers on the sea, and thatmeans there will be accidents and oil spillage and so on, so that we have to stopconsuming, is it...or...Jane: I think that is a very big part of it actually... Certainly, you know, when you get down to the more technical sides of pollution, of atmospheric pollution causedby certain industrial processes, there's not a great deal that an individual can doother than cause a fuss about it, which I hope most people, you know, wouldconsider doing. But certainly on a day by day household basis, much of theproblems of pollution are certainly caused by either just completethoughtlessness and waste or by problems of overconsuming natural resources.And in all the products that arrive at the housewife's table, the more refined andpre-packed and disposable it is, the more pollution it will have caused in itsmanufacture and it's likely to cause in its disposal【Task 9:【答案】I. Energy transition (definition)A change of one major resource of energy to another.II. First energy transition: From wood to coalA. Wood as major fuel1. Usages: Heat homes, cook food, and produce basic items.2. Major advantages: It was cheap and easy to get and easy to burn.（B. Coal as major fuel1. Advantages over wood:a. It burns for a long time.b. It burns at a higher temperature.2. Good effects on many Western countries in the 1800s and the early 1900s:a. The industry developed.b. People lived a better life.3. Disadvantages revealed after 50 years of use:&a. Air pollution.b. High costs, because it is not renewable.III. Second energy transition: From coal to petroleumA. Apparent advantages over the previous fuel:1. It was cheap.2. It was easy to get.3. The supply around the world seemed to be large.B. Reasons for people to favor the new resource:—1. People's need for a better life.2. Industrial development: The introduction of the internal combustion engine neededliquid fuel.C. Good effects on people's lives;It allowed people to travel by car, to heat their homes more efficiently, to buy a greater variety of things, and to purchase more things at lower prices.D. Disadvantages disclosed after 50 years of use:1. As a fossil fuel, it is not renewable.2. The price goes up.3. It causes environmental pollution.《IV. ConclusionA. The pattern in the previous energy transitions:1. The transition is made in order to improve the quality of people's lives.2. A new energy resource seems to have more advantages than the old energy source,and fewer disadvantages.B. The third energy transition:1. Time: The late 20th century and early 21st century.2. The important things to consider: The effects of this energy transition and theadvantages and the disadvantages of the new fuel.】【原文】Most industrialized nations have gone through two major energy transitions, and some nations are now making a third major energy transition. By energy transition we mean a change of one major resource of energy to another.The first major energy transition was from wood to coal. For many centuries people used wood as a primary source of energy. By burning wood people were able to heat their homes, cook their food, and produce basic items. By using wood societies were able to support themselves and take care of their needs. Most early societies grew up near a sufficient supply of wood. The main advantage of wood was that it was cheap and easy to get and easy to bum.During the early 1800s, probably around the year 1820, some towns and villages began to make transition from wood to coal as the basic source of energy. About that time, people thought that coal would have more advantages than wood. Wood is a renewable fuel, which means that it grows back. This is, an advantage. But most wood is not as efficient a source of energy as coal. Most wood doesn't burn for very long, and most wood doesn't burn at very high temperatures.It was found that coal could generally burn longer than wood. And it burned at a higher temperature. These were good points for industry because early in the 1800s industry began to develop very rapidly and a long-burning and hot-burning fuel was needed for the machines that were being used.Coal seemed to have another advantage. There was a lot of it, and it was easy to get. By digging just below the surface of the ground and by using simple tools, coal could be taken from the ground easily. In the 1800s transportation became more developed too, so coal could be shipped to faraway places. It was no longer necessary to live near a source of energy.Coal was used as a primary source of energy in many Western countries in the 1800s and the early 1900s. The transition from wood to coal seemed to have an overall effect. Industry developed. People were able to get more things, they were able to build bigger homes, and they were able to spend less time making what they needed for their daily lives. Most people would say that, in general, people's standard of living went up. People seemed to have lived a better life.After 50 years of using coal some disadvantages seemed obvious. One disadvantage was air pollution. Industrial centers of the early 1900s were often covered with a thick layer of smoke. Using coal was seen as somewhat unsafe and unhealthy.Another disadvantage of using coal was its rising costs. As more coal was used, it became harder to get. It became necessary to dig farther down in the ground in order to get the coal. Because coal was more difficult to get, the cost went up. And coal is a fossil fuel. It comes from under the ground. It doesn't renew itself. When it's gone, it's gone.At about the same time some of the disadvantages of coal became clear, petroleum began to reach the market. Petroleum became attractive because it was cheap and easy to get. Most。
托福真题第四单元答案解析
托福真题第四单元答案解析托福考试是许多考生为了出国留学而备考的重要考试之一。
其中的听力部分，尤其是真题的解析，对于提高听力水平和应对托福考试非常有帮助。
本文将针对托福真题第四单元进行答案解析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对托福听力考试。
第一篇阅读材料是关于大规模灭绝事件的阐述。
根据原文内容，答案解析如下：首先，问题1的答案是D，灭绝事件的原因除了自然因素外，人类的活动也起到了重要作用。
通过阅读原文，我们可以了解到，人类的狩猎、砍伐森林和工业活动等行为对生物多样性产生了极大的影响。
问题2的答案是B，因为食物链的破碎会导致一系列的连锁反应，进而引发生态系统的崩溃。
答案解析如此。
第二篇阅读材料是关于大气层破裂的讲解。
根据原文内容，答案解析如下：问题1的答案是C，根据原文的描述，大气层被认为是地球保护和维持生命的重要层次之一。
问题2的答案是D，因为大气层不仅起到保护地球的作用，同时还影响地球的气候和天气。
答案解析如此。
第三篇阅读材料是关于飞机噪音的影响的论述。
根据原文内容，答案解析如下：问题1的答案是A，飞机噪音不仅会影响人类的健康，还会对人类的心理状态和生活质量产生负面影响。
问题2的答案是C，因为长期暴露在噪音环境中会导致人们产生焦虑、疲劳、失眠等问题。
答案解析如此。
第四篇阅读材料是关于城市犯罪问题的探讨。
根据原文内容，答案解析如下：问题1的答案是D，城市的犯罪率通常比农村地区高，因为城市人口密度大、社会资源分配不均和经济压力等因素的影响。
问题2的答案是A，因为社区安全和犯罪率之间存在着密切的关联，社区的安全问题会影响到人们的健康和生活质量。
答案解析如此。
以上是对托福真题第四单元的答案解析。
通过仔细阅读原文，我们能够更好地理解问题并选择正确的答案。
这也提示了考生在备考过程中要加强对真题的练习和理解，提高自己的听力水平和应对托福考试的能力。
在备考过程中，考生要善于总结和归纳问题的解题思路，尽量避免因为大意或不细致而选择错误的答案。
托福TPO4口语Task6题目文本及答案解析
托福TPO4口语Task6题目文本及答案解析TPO对于我们的托福备考特别有用，大家还在苦于找不到资料吗？下面我给大家带来托福TPO4口语Task6题目文本及答案解析，期望可以帮忙到你们。
托福TPO4口语task6题目 Listening Part:Listen to part of a talk in an Art Appreciation class.Professor (female)In order for art to communicate, to appeal to the emotions or the intellect, it has to combine various visual elements to express meaning or emotion. It’s really the visual components of the work, things like color, texture, shape, lines and how these elements work together that tell us something about the work.Artists combine and manipulate these visual elements to express a message or to create a mood. Think about how a painter might use colors, for example. You all know from experience that different colors appeal in different ways to the senses and can convey different meanings. An artist chooses certain colors to evoke a particular mood and make powerful statements. The color red, for example, is a strong color, and can conjure up strong emotions such as extreme joy or excitement or even anger. Blue, on the other hand, is considered a cool color. Blue colors tend to have a calming effect on viewers.Another visual element important to art is texture. By texture I mean surface quality or feel of the work, its smoothness or roughness or softness. Now, of course, in some types of art the texture is physical. It can be actually be touched by the fingers. But in painting, for example, texture can be visual. The way an artist paints certain areas of the painting can create the illusion of texture, an object’s smoothness or roughness or softness. A rough texture can evoke stronger emotions and strength while a smooth texture is more calming and less emotional.As I said earlier, artists often combine elements to convey a message about the work. Take a painting that, say, uses a lot of strong colors like reds and oranges and uses brush stokes that are broad, wide sweeping brush strokes that suggest a rough texture.Well, these elements together can convey a wilder more chaotic emotion in the viewer than, more than say a painting with tiny, smooth brush strokes and soft or pale colors. Artists use these visual effects and the senses they arouse to give meaning to their work.托福TPO4口语task6 答案解析：Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the importance of visual elements in painting.托福TPO4口语task6 答案解析：1. Listening key(1.1) Main idea: how artists use color and texture to express emotions(1.2) Color(1.2.1) Color red: strong emotions like joy or excitement(1.2.2) Color blue: ease and comfort(1.3) Texture(1.3.1) Rough texture: strong emotions and strength(1.3.2) Fine texture: less emotional(1.4) Combined(1.4.1) Red+ wide brush strokes: chaotic and wild(1.4.2) Pale color+ smooth brush strokes: peaceful emotions托福TPO4口语task6 （范文）：In the lecture, the professor talks about how artists use two elements to express meaning or emotions. The first is color. For example, the color red can express strong emotions and powerful statement, such as extreme joy or excitement, even anger. A calming color such as blue would give the viewer the feeling of ease and comfort. The other element is texture. Whenusing rough texture, artists can evoke strong emotions and strength, while a smooth texture is less emotional. They can work together too. For example, a wide, rough brush stroke combined with red or orange creates the feeling of chaotic and wild. While a tiny, smooth brush stroke and soft color can express peaceful emotions.托福TPO4口语Task6题目文本及答案解析文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
全面分析托福口语TPO4task2
全面分析托福口语TPO4task2Many universities now offer academic courses over the Internet. However, some people still prefer learning in traditional classrooms. Which do you think is better? Explain why.一.审题首先，通过这个题目，我们能够明确的得知，它是一个典型的二选一的题目，而且属于教育类的话题，学生在论述的时候只需要选择其中的一方，支持在网络中上课或者是支持在传统的教室中上课即可，但是需要考生注意的是，在论述的时候一定要注意选择其中的一方来实行论述，不要一边觉得上网课好，另一边也觉得在传统的教室中上课也不错，这样会造成观点的混淆。
二.构思如果考生从支持在网络中上课，那么就能够从以下几个方面答题：1.上网课对于学生来说比较方便，学生能够在任何地方，任何地点来实行学习。
2.上网课能够协助考生更加灵活，更加自由的安排自己的学习计划。
在网络中的课程，考生能够回看，如果在听课的时候有自己没有听清楚的问题，能够通过回看的方式弄明白。
而且，如果考生的接受水平比较强，能够自己提前学习下一章节，更加人性化。
如果考生支持的是学生们在传统的课堂中学习，就能够从以下几个方面入手答题：1.在传统的教室中学习，能够增强教师和学生之间的互动，学生在上课的时候能够问自己想问的问题，老师也会即时给予回答。
并且老师是有教学经验的，能够根据学生的接受水平来调整自己的教学进度。
2.在传统的教室中，学生和学生之间能够交流，容易交到不同的朋友，而且通过课堂的讨论，能够得到不同的知识。
三.例子I prefer taking courses in traditional classrooms for the following reasons.(总论点，表明自己的选择，支持在传统的教室中上课) First of all, it’s very important that students get to work with an experienced professor in the learningprocess.(用first of all引出了自己的第一个论点，在学习的过程中，跟着一个有经验的教授学习，对于学生来说，是十分重要的事情) It’s so much easier to engage in a discussion or ask questions directly in a traditional classroom. The presence of a professor plays a big role when you are trying to learn something new. Second, learning in a traditional classroom means that you can meet many other students.(用second引出了第二个论点，在传统的教室学习，意味着你能够见到更多其他的学生)It’s great that students get to know each other and become friends in the classroom. Plus, learning in a study group c an give students other perspectives which can’t be obtained when taking online courses.。
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TPO4 listening 问题解析注：问题中红色标记词汇为解题突破点和关键词。
（编辑整理By Serene蘑菇）1. Why does the man need the woman’s assistance?Click on 2 answers.A. He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs.B. He does not know the locatio n of the library’s vides collection of plays.C. He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed.D. He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at.答案：AD解析：（原文中）Yeah, I need to find a review. It‟s for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they have to be from when the play was first performed, so I n eed to know when that was and I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews and…从第一组对话中得出student来咨询的直接原因有两个一是要找一份review，二是不知道从那份newspaper开始。
BC是无关选项。
2. What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers?A. Negative critical reaction led to its content being revised after it premiered.B. The play has always been quite popular among university students.C. Reactions to the play are more positive nowadays than they were in the past.D. The play is rarely performed nowadays because critics have never liked it.答案：C解析：（原文中）Well, that certainly explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews. The critiques really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It‟s so controversial. Nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage. Oh, sure. Of course the critiques‟ reaction made some people kind of curious about it. They wanted t o see what‟s causing all the fuss.从Women将现在人们的态度与过去作对比可以得知，现在人们的态度已经比以前积极了很多。
B显然与事实相反，D有些混淆，但可以看出critics的态度也有所改变因此Never 这个次不对。
3. What does the woman say about her experience seeing a performance ofHappy Strangers when she was younger?Click on 2 answers.A. It was the first play she had seen performed professionally.B. She saw it against the wishes of her parents.C. She was surprised at how traditional the performance was.D. She had a variety of emotional reactions to the play.答案：AD解析：（原文中）But I start with 1964, so I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it.Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theatre. Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring. Some parts were really funny, but I remember crying too.it was my first time in a real theatre.与A选项相对应。
funny, but I remember crying too.体现出她的反映是a variety of emotional reactions与D符合。
4. What is the man’s attitude toward his current assignment?A. He is not confident that he will find the materials he needs.B. He feels that performing in a play is less boring than reading one.C. He thinks his review of the play will be more objective than thecontemporary reviews were.D. He is optimistic that he will learn to appreciate the play he isresearching.答案：D解析：（原文中）That‟s a good idea. I‟ll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews.从student觉得自己还会有个更好的Idea看出他还是很optimistic的。
从这句话就可以驳斥A。
而B 在The story doesn‟t progress in any sort of logical matter, doesn‟t have real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was kind of slow and boring. 中有提到boring但是并非对比。
5. Replay: Why does the woman say this?A. To ask the man to clarify his request.B. To state the man’s request more precisely.C. To make sure that she heard the man correctly.D. To correct a mistake the man has made.答案：B解析：（原文中）You want contemporary reviews. What‟s the name of the play?Student : It‟s Happy Strangers. It was written in 1962 and we are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre and show why it‟s been so impor tant.从学生的回答可以看出woman想要narrow down search的范围，要具体的名称因此是B。
她并没有改正这个男生任何问题，所以D错误。
6. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Method s of observing unusual animal behavior.B. A theory about ways birds attract mates.C. Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.D. Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.答案：C解析：（原文中）Ok, the n ext kind of animal behavior I wan t to talk about might be familiar to you. Displacement activities are activities that animal‟s engaging in when they have conflicting drives.一开头pro表明是要讲n ext kind of animal behavior I wan t…而之后的一连串解释后最终得出今天要讲的animal behavior就是conflicting drives。
也就是C。
7. Indicate whether each of the activities below describes a displacement activity.Click in the correct box for each phrase.Yes No An animal attacks the ground instead of its enemy.An animal falls asleep in the middle of a matingritual.An animal eats some food when confronted by itenemy.An animal takes a drink of water after groomingitself.答案：N Y YN解析：（原文中）Th at‟s exactly what I mean. Displacement occurs because the animal‟s got two conflicting drives –two competing urges, in this case, fear and hunger. And what happens is, they inhibit each other, they cancel each other out in a way, and a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a process that we call …Disinhibition‟. Now in disinhibition, the basic idea is that two drives that seem to inhibit, to hold back, a third drive. Or, well, they‟re getting in a way of each other in a… in a c onflict situation and somehow lose control, lose their inhibiting effect on that third behavior, which means that the third drive surfaces, it‟s expressed in the animal‟s behavior. Now, these displacement activities can include feeding, drinking, grooming, even sleeping. These are what we call …Comfort Behavior‟. So why do you think displacement activities are so often comfort behaviors, such as grooming?通常表格题的答案一定是在一大段的陈述中，做题需要讲文中信息与表格选项一一对应。