African Immigrants Project
考研英语：8月6日《经济学人》选读
考研英语：8月6日《经济学人》选读Italy's illegal immigrants意大利非法移民Tidal wave海啸More horrific deaths in the Mediterranean地中海发生耸人听闻的惨案FEW images of immigrant traffic across the Mediterranean have been as harrowing. Italian TV viewers this week saw the lifeless bodies of 45 African men being lifted, like animal carcasses, from the hold of a fishing boat in which they had tried to reach Europe. Others on the vessel said the men begged to be let out but, for fear of it capsizing, they were forcibly kept below and suffocated.每次发生在地中海的移民惨案都令人异常痛心。
这周，意大利电视台播报了一组新闻。
54个非洲人乘坐一艘渔船想前往欧洲，却不想在船上命丧黄泉。
船上的人说这些人祈求将他们放出来，但是为了防止船只颠覆，他们被关在舱底窒息而死。
Around 5,000 people were picked up by patrol boats on June 28th-29th, the busiest weekend of the year so far. On July 2nd another 70 migrants were reported lost at sea in a separate incident. All this comes after Italy began a search-and-rescue effort called Operation Mare Nostrum, in response to the tragedy last October in which 360 people drowned off Lampedusa, an island half-way between Sicily and the North African coast. On July 1st the police arrested five Eritreans who prosecutors said were part of a ring, with bases in Sudan, Libya and Italy, that arranged the latest ill-fated journey. In a wiretapped phone call, one was heard disowning responsibility for their deaths because “it was their fate”.6月28、29日两天，巡逻船逮捕了大约5000人，这是今年截至目前最忙碌的一周。
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheetSECTION A TALKQuestions I to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the talk.1. Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk?A. Offices throughout the world are basically alike.B. There are primarily two kinds of office layout.C. Office surroundings used to depend on company size.D. Office atmosphere influences workers' performance.2. We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on yourA. promotion.B. colleagues.C. management.D. union.3. Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances?A. Request a formal special meeting with the boss.B. Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting.C. Contact a consultative committee first.D. Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately.4. According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPTA. mediation.B. arbitration.C. negotiation.D. representation.5. Which topic is NOT covered in the talk?A. Role of the union.B. Work relations.C. Company structure.D. Office layout.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?A. He had excellent academic records at school and university.B. He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.C. He received professional training in acting.D. He came from a single-parent family.7. David is inclined to believe inA. aliens.B. UFOs.C. the TV character.D. government conspiracies.8. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of hisA. professional training.B. personality.C. life experience.D. appearance.9. From the interview, we know that at present David feelsA. a sense of frustration.B. haunted by the unknown thingsC. confident but moody.D. successful yet unsatisfied.10. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?A. He feels a sense of anger.B. He has a sense of sadness.C. It helped him grow up.D. It left no effect on him.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11. What is the main idea of the news item?A. US concern over th6 forthcoming peace talks.B. Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.C. Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.D. Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.12. Some voters will waste their ballots becauseA. they like neither candidate.B. they are all ill-informed.C. the candidates do not differ much.D. they do not want to vote twice.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer each of the questions.Now listen to the news.13. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?A. Canada.B. The US.C. Australia.D. Scandinavia.14. _______ is in the 12th place in overall ranking.A. BritainB. FranceC. FinlandD. Switzerland15. According to the UN report, the least developed country isA. Ethiopia.B. Mali.C. Sierra Leon.D. Central African Republic.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.PART III READING COMPREHENSIOS (40MIN)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet~TEXT AHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent timesthe Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own -unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."16. Gypsies are united only when theyA are engaged in traditional crafts.B. call themselves Roma.C. live under a clan system.D. face external threats.17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the followingEXCEPTA. the Egyptians.B the state.C. the church.D. the Nazis.18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA．language.B. culture.C. identity.D. custom.TEXT ＢI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains thatonce ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michaux's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged-although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and'30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and '80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life.Now, you want to shout “Lookin’good!”at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed toa 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that HarlemA. has remained unchanged all these years.B. has undergone drastic changes.C. has become the capital of Black America.D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life.20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling ofA. indifference.B, discomfort.C. delight.D. nostalgia.21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and '30s mainly because of itsA. art and culture.B. immigrant population.C. political enthusiasm.'D. distinctive architecture.22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the authorA. has strong reservations about the changes.B. has slight reservations about the changes,C. welcomes the changes in Harlem.D. is completely opposed to the changes.TEXT CThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man. Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. Marriage.B. Background.C. Relevant degree.D. Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family background.B. intended to check out his other job offers.C. wanted to know something about his preference.D. was interested in any personal detail of the man.25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDereer.B. he would soon become a partner himself.C. he was good at interviewing applicants.D. his background was similar to MeDereer's.26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selective.B. secretive.C. perfunctory.D. racially biased.TEXT KFirst read the questions.39. When did Moore receive his first commission?A. In 1948.B. In 1946.C. In 1931.D. In 1928.40. Where did Moore win his first international prize?A. In London.B. In Venice.C. In New York.D. In Hamburg.Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40.Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World War began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman's grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London.In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with an equally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years.Throughout the 1920's Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad- the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued.In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore's work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970's the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation. The main themes in Moore's work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926. At the end of the 1960's came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme- variously interpreted as a hard form coveting a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb.A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and in particular the works of Henry Moore.ANSWER SHEET ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAPFILING (15 MIN)Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Marslow's Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged In order of importance.Physiological needs: the most (1)______________ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.(2)______________needs: needs for a) physicalsecurity;b)(3)_______________security.The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)______________, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)______________________plans, and safe working conditions.Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection;b) a sense of belonging.There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace;b) formation of relationships outside workplace.Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one's sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others' respect as a result of one's (6__________.These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.Self-realization needs: need to realize one'spotential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)______________________ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively(8)______________ needs.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (9)_____________for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (10)_______________when they come into play. ANSWER SHEET TWOTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS [2003]-GRADE EIGIHT-PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)__ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.”These young (2)__adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)__but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)__and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)__Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)__formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)__divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)__ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)__ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)__ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER TWOTIME LIMIT: 120 MINPART IV TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。
2010年职称英语真题综合类B级阅读理解原文及译文
Immigration and ProblemsHundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as citizens—not criminals.Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures—including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise.Some want to keep the doors open.They need the labor.About400,000immigrants were allowed into the country in2005,according to the Canadian Government statistics.However,all this growth means that cities need to adapt.New comers don’t always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled.So industries are using mentoring（辅导）programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs.With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating （减少）,the Spanish Government has decided to get tough.There will be no more massamnesties（特赦）for illegals,and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back,the government has announced.About23,000migrants（移民）landed on the islands in2006,and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers.This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help.France’s new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration.It takes effect in2007.The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage.Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications.The selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents”visas,valid for three years.But some people show the concern that it’ll cause brain drain in developing countries.译文：移民问题2006年初，成千上万支持移民权利的人们纷纷涌上美国的街头，他们打着标语，挥舞着国旗，要求被当作公民而非罪犯对待。
2020-2021学年外研版选择性必修第四册 unit 2单元过关演练
2020-2021学年外研版(2019)英语选择性必修第四册Uni2单元过关演练本套试卷总分120分。
考试时间100分钟。
第一部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ALearning music is important for the educational and personal development of young people!Learning an instrument: how do pupils choose?All our teachers are highly qualified and experienced musicians, and pupils can learn to play a wide range of instruments, from the keyboard to the drums (鼓). We have open days when new pupils who are unsure which instrument to choose can come to the centre. They are able to speak to teachers about which instrument might be best for them, and they can also see and hear classes in action.Who is responsible for buying the instruments?Parents usually have to provide instruments. But parents of beginners are advised not to buy an instrument until they are told that a place is available. They should also find out from the teachers the most suitable type of instrument to get.When and where do lessons take place?Lessons are available in many schools, usually during the day. If there is no lesson available for a particular instrument in a particular school, other arrangements can be made at one of our music centres for lessons on Saturday afternoons or weekday evenings.How are pupils taught?Pupils can learn in small groups, in classes or individually, depending on their needs. Small groups of three pupils have lessons that last thirty minutes. Class lessons last forty-five minutes and have at least ten pupils. Individual lessons are offered only to pupils who have some experience.Starting young: when can pupils begin?Children are never too young to become interested in music. We have special “Musical Youth” classes for children from the age of 3 to 8. These are designed toencourage young children to enjoy music through a variety of activities including singing, musical games, listening and movement. “Musical Youth” classes take place on Saturday mornings with groups of about 18 children. A parent or other adult must attend each session, and they are encouraged to sit with their children and help them with the activities.()1.What can we learn from the passage?A.New pupils can see classes on an open day.B.Pupils can learn special instruments on Sundays.C.Parents must accompany pupils during the learning process.D.Teachers at the centre can provide the right instruments for pupils.()2.What is the best choice for children with some experience?A.Lessons for groups of ten.B.Individual lessons.C.Lessons for small groups of three.D.Special “Musical Youth” classes.()3.The passage is intended for .A.teachersB.parentsC.musiciansD.pupilsBOn March 10, 2019, eight-year-old Tanitoluwa “Tani” Adewumi defeated 73 young competitors to win the New York State Scholastic Chess Championship in his age group—kindergarten to third grade—with five wins and one draw. While the achievement is remarkable in itself, what is even more so is that the youngster, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago.Tani and his family arrived in New York City from Nigeria in 2017, seeking religious protection. A church pastor (牧师) helped find the family of four space in a homeless shelter in Manhattan and, soon after, Tani entered the local elementary school. It was here that the young talent was first introduced to the basics of chess by a part-time teacher. Attracted by the game, the then seven-year-old begged his mother, Oluwatoyin, to allow him to join the school’s chess club. The family were concerned that they would be unable to afford the fees and expenses, which add up to thousands of dollars due to travel and chess competition admissions, Oluwatoyin e-mailed chess instructor Russell Makofsky, who ran the club. To her surprise and delight, Makofsky agreed to waive all costs for young Tani. The rest, as they say, ishistory. The young boy, who has got seven prizes in less than a year, currently ranks 27 in America in his age group.Though the chess club certainly helps, Tani’s success can be large ly owed to the efforts he has put into the game. The chess talent practises the game for several hours a day either on the floor with his board, or online, using his dad’s laptop. Every Saturday, Tani and his mother head to Harlem for a free 3-hour class to help further sharpen his game skills.Not surprisingly, Tani’s incredible story, first reported by The New York Times, has resulted in an outpouring of support from the American public. Shortly after the young boy won the New York State Championship, Makofsky began a GoFundMe campaign for Tani and his family to “secure a home where he can continue on his journey”.And the heartwarming story gets even better! Since they now have a home, the family have decided to “pay it forward” and donate the over $200,000 collected on GoFundMe to African immigrants in America who are struggling the way the family was.()4. What made Tani’s achievement especially remarkable?A. His young age.B. His quick learning.C. Support from his family.D. Help from his teacher.()5. What does the underlined part “to waive all costs for young Tani” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. To pay for Tani’s schooling.B. To raise money for Tani’s family.C. To teach Tani free of charge.D. To spend more on Tani’s training.()6. What’s Para graph 3 mainly about?A. Success of Tani.B. Activities of the chess club.C. Tani’s devotion to the game.D. Public reaction to Tani’s story.()7. What does the last paragraph tell us about the family?A. They are caring.B. They live in poverty.C. They are honest.D. They are pitiful.CImagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than homework. These are a few of the concepts that make Space of Mind School unique.Located in a home built in 1896 in Florida, US, the programme serves students in grades 2 through 12 and will accept kindergarten students next year. It also offers an after-school programme for students who attend traditional schools, as well as evening programmes for adults and educators and weekend events for families.There is a different atmosphere from that of a traditional school building. Tables and brightly coloured walls are white boards. In the science room, students are studying climate changes at a weather station, while in the music room, a student is solving an equation (等式) with his academic coach while he connects music theory and maths.The daily schedule at the school also stands out. “We don’t assign boring or exhausting homework,” said Space of Mind founder and CEO Ali Kaufman. “Instead of homework, we ask that they go home and take a video of themselves applying a lesson they learned or cooking a meal for their family that they learned how to make at school.”For lunch, instead of traditional cafeteria dishes such as pizza, the school offers organic meals made out of products from local gardens and farms. “Our students also run a business at the Delray Beach Greenmarket on Saturdays so they can understand sustainable living practices and how to run a business,” Kaufman said.“We are also the first school programme in Florida to start and end each day with 15 minutes of meditation (冥想),” Kaufman said. “The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing. We are really about infusing social, emotional and creative skills with academic and life skills.”()8.Space of Mind School .A.assigns no homeworkB.urges students to use what they learnC.teaches students to earn money in classD.focuses on knowledge learning()9.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Yoga enjoys great popularity in US.B.The practice of meditation is amazing.C.The meditation session lasts 15 minutes daily.D.The students benefit from meditation.()10.The underlined word “infusing” in the last paragraph probably means “”.A.emphasizingB.checkingC.developingD.helping()11.What is the text mainly about?A.What makes Space of Mind School outstanding.B.Why Space of Mind School is popular in US.C.How the after-class programmes of Space of Mind School are organized.D.How Space of Mind School cultivates students’ life skills.DPeople generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their performance at work, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass (罗盘) that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgements. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while a t the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competingw ith anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself againstsomeone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others based on my unique knowledge and experience.If this resonates with (与……共鸣)you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it—not just personally, but also collectively.()12. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.B. The external markers are better ways to know a person.C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.()13. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?A. Be relatively similar to.B. Cause something to be stronger than.C. Make something less important.D. Block off light from something.()14. Which of the following might the author agree with?A. People should be self-aware enough and compete with themselves.B. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.()15. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the article?A. To promote harmonious living.B. To ask people not to judge others.C. To call on readers to learn his values.D. To share his values of understanding the world.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
非洲移民African Immigration to Europe
A migrant gets a plastic tag fitted on his wrist by a police officer after being brought ashore from the motor tanker
A rescue ship tows a boat carrying 76 migrants aboard in Arona, on the Spanish Canary Island of Tenerife, Thursday Nov. 6, 2008, after it the intercepted while crossing over from A get to the Mediterranean, many of these people have undertaken incredibly grueling and arduous and difficult journeys.
These people are in extremely difficult circumstances by the time they have arrived in Northern Africa.
A man looks around after his fishing boat arrived ashore on the San Blas beach on Spain's Canary Island of Tenerife, October 15, 2008. Some 69 would-be immigrants arrived on the beach aboard a fishing boat on their way to European soil from Africa, according to local authorities.
【尚友制造】GMAT说说那些阅读后面的历史文化背景之 The Great Migration
标题：GMAT说说那些阅读后面的历史文化背景之The Great Migration尚友论坛【GMAT专区】【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】【GMAT机经专区】【GMAT资料下载区】【GMAT黄历查询】在GMAT的阅读考试中，经常会涉及到一些欧美的历史文化背景知识，比如说罗斯福新政，马歇尔计划，女权、工会等等，而中国考生往往因为对这些背景知识不甚熟悉而吃亏。
因此，从今天开始，我决定做一个系列贴，每周为大家解析一个历史文化背景知识，让大家对这些文化背景有个大概的认识。
好！以我可爱的逻辑版为基地，shadow入侵阅读版的计划全面启动～（Adela斑斑不要pia飞我...)今天我们就从The Great Migration（大迁徙）讲起。
这个背景知识对应的题目为OG12的第六篇阅读。
The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million blacks out of the S outhern United States to the Northeast, Midwest and west from 1910 to 1930.（What is The Great Migration）Some historians differentiate between a First Great Migration (1910–30), numbering about 1.6 million migrants, and a Second Great Migration(1940 to1970), in which 5 million or more people moved and to a wider variety ofdestinations.（细节出现）From 1965–70, 14 states of the South, especially Alabama, Louisana and Missipi, contributed toa large net migration of blacks tothe other three cultural (and census-designated) regions of theUnited States. By the end of the Second GreatMigration, African Americans had become an urbanized population.（主要群体出现：African Americans）More than 80 percent lived in cities. Fifty-three percent remained inthe South, while 40 percent lived in the North and 7 percent in the West. （交代African America的分布情况）A reverse migration has gathered strength since 1965, dubbed the New Great Migration, the term for demographic changes from 1965 to the present which are areversal of the previous 35-year trend of black migration withinthe United States. （注：reverse migration逆向迁徙，这个也是需要注意的细节。
笔译Unit5
• Finally, after many years of starting the day this way, I have figured out that I am doing it not to obsess about death but to find out about life, real life. Obituaries capture the benchmarks of life span without passing judgment or making order out of the events.
• Given the tidbit of time at my disposal, I developed the habit of skimming the paper, which quickly came down to a surreptitious and almost superstitious ritual checking out obituaries.
• II. Text analysis • III. Translation skill----Omission
• Amplification 1. Resorting to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between two countries. 2. He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. 3. The chairman summed up the work of the subcommittee composed of the representatives of the United States, Russia, China, Great Britain, and France. 4. They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 5. He was a middle aged man, wearing spectacles. His clothes were worn and darned in places, and winkled and baggy in others. 6. He intends to drop names.
级新闻听力Test1-6原文、问题、选项及答案
16级新闻听力test1-6原文、问题、选项及答案选项中的粗体部分为答案。
Test 1 News Report 1Question 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.[1]There are about 650,000 school-aged Syrian refugee children in Turkey. Government officials estimate onlt about one-third of them are going to school. Educating the refugee children is an enormous task. One . official says that a huge school system like the one in New York City would be overwhelmed.The United States says it is working with the United Nations to help bridge the education gap for refugee children. Without school, the effects will be negative and long-lasting.The United States provided Turkey with aid for education earlier. [2]In December, it offered an additional $24 million. Human Rights Watch says a quality education will ensure a more stable future for these organization says about 90 percent of children in refugee camps run by the Turkish government attend school. But most of the children living outside of those camps are not receiving education.1.What is the news report mainly aboutA) Education problems of American children.B) Education problems of Syrian children in Turkey.C) A statement published by Human Rights Watch.D) Many children in Turkey don’t receive education.2.What did the United States do to help refugee childrenA) They built long-lasting schools in Turkey.B) They established a huge school systems in Turkey.C) They offered financial support to Turkey.D) They sent refugee children to refugee camps.Test 1 News Report 2Question 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.[3]Eleven Taliban fighters attacked an important airport in southern Afghanistan early Tuesday, killing at least 50 people, Afghan officials said.The Afghan Defense Ministry said 38 civilians, 10 soldiers and two police officers were killed.The attack on the Kandahar Air Field lasted 20 hours, reported the Washington Post. Among the dead were women and children, the newspaper wrote. The airport includes a military base with troops from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,or NATO. There were no reports that NATO troops were killed or injured in the attack.A spokesman for the Taliban says fighters entered the base and attacked local and foreign military troops. He said more than 150 soldiers were killed in the attack. The Taliban often makes claims about the results of their attacks that are not true. [4]Taliban attacks have grown in number and strength in Afghanistan this year after the withdrawal last year of combat troops from other countries.3.What did Taliban fighters do early TuesdayA) They killed no more than 50 people.B) They fired against NATO troops.C) They attacked an airport in Afghanistan.D) They killed 10 children, and two police officers.4.What led to the growth of Taliban attacks inAfghanistanA) Withdrawal of combat troops from other countries.B) False claims of foreign military troops.C) Decline of the local troops’ strength.D) Last year’s victory over foreign troops.Test 1 News Report 3Question 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.[5]The Australian state of Tasmania is considering raising the legal age for buying cigarettes to at least 21 and potentially as high as 25. If the plan goes ahead, it will give Tasmania some of the toughest tobacco laws in the world. The current legal age to purchase, possess, or smoke cigarettes of all the Australian states is 18. Critics have complained the proposed restrictions would be a violation of civil liberties. Australia already has some of the world’s toughest anti-smoking policies. It introduced so-called plain packaging 4 years ago, [6]where packs are colored in an identical olive brown and covered in health warnings that include pictures. The country is also the most expensive place in the world to buy cigarettes—from around $15 a pack.Parts of the world already ban cigarette sales to those under 21, including Kuwait and next year Hawaii. Around 1 in 5 Tasmanians smoke, with the vast majority taking up the habit before the age of 25. [7]The Tasmanian government proposals are part of the 5-year plan to make the state Australia’s healthiest by 2025.5.What does the state of Tasmania plan to doA) Violate the civil liberties in Australia.B) Increase the legal age to buy cigarettes.C) Introduce a plan called plain packaging.D) Raise the price of cigarettes in Australia.6. According to plain packaging, what should be included in the packs of cigaretteA) Details of anti-smoking policies.B) Pictures with olive trees.C) Health warnings including pictures.D) Data of cigarette sales worldwide.7. What’s the purpose of the Tasmanian government proposalsA) To follow the anti-smoking trend in Kuwait and Hawaii.B) To make Tasmania Australia’s healthiest city by 2025.C) To ease existing tough anti-smoking policies.D) To have more tough anti-smoking policies.Test 2 News Report 1Question 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.The number of girls married in Africa is expected to doublein the next 35 years, experts say. [1]That means almost half, or 310 million girls, by 2050 will be married before they reach adulthood, says a United Nations’ report. The African Union says it wants to end child marriage in Africa.Delegates at a summit in Zambia are expected to set 18 years old as the lowest legal for marriage across the continent. Marriage before age 18 is already against the law in most African countries.Yet the UN says more than 125 million women and girls alive today were married before their 18th birthday. Experts say most were given to men in traditional or religious unions in violation of the law.[2]African Union chairwoman Nkosozana Dlamini Zuma says local culture that undervalues girls and women is to blame. Poverty and lack of education are also responsible, experts say.1. What do we learn from the United Nation’s reportA) The number of adult girls is expected to double by 2050.B) Child marriage in Africa will be ended by 2050.C) Half women will be married before reaching adulthood by 2050.D) The legal marriage age will set above 18 by 2050.2. What is the reason for child marriage in AfricaA) Poverty and lack of education.B) The low legal age for marriage.C) Local culture that undervalues children.D) High risks of becoming teenage mothers.Test 2 News report 2Question 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.[3]Waste products from a popular alcoholic drink could be used in the future to make biofuel. Researchers say the new fuel,less oil could cut pollution that studies have linked to climate change. Scotland is the largest producer of whisky in the world. And a Scottish professor has found how to take the byproducts from distilling whisky and turn them into a form of alcohol called biobutanol. Biobutanol can be used as a fuel. Whisky comes from grain, such as corn, and wheat.Martin Tangney is director of the Biofuel Research Centre at Napier University in Edinburgh. He says less than 10 percent of what comes out can be considered whisky. [4]The rest is mainly one of two unwanted byproducts: strong beer and wheat.Tangney says the two byproducts can be produced to create a new material: biobutanol.3.What is the news report mainly aboutA) Waste products of whisky could make biofuel.B) Scotland is the largest producer of whisky in the world.C) A new fuel called Biobutanol is found by a Scottish professor.D) There are many waste products in making whisky.4.What are the unwanted products in making whiskyA) Corn and sugar cane.B) Rye and corn.C) Strong beer and wheat.D) Rice and wheat.Test 2 News report 3Question 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.For many years, human resources director Pete Tapaskar says it's been a challenge to fill all the jobs at his suburban Chicago-based technology company. [5]Getting high skilled people is still a challenge.Elizabeth Sue is principal policy analyst for the ChicagoMetropolitan Agency for Planning, who studies Chicago’s recent immigration trends. She said “They are slowly moving into the south, especially Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia. [6]What we are seeing right now is a substantially decreased total of international in-immigrations. Prior to the recession we were between 50 and 60 thousand most years. Now since 2010, we’ve been at about 23- to 24-thousand international in-migrations on a net basis.” [6]She says that dramatic drop - as much as two-thirds some years - contributions to Chicago’s overall still population growth.Tapaskar says there are many reasons why immigrants choose to live in Southern states instead of Chicago. [7]“The environment there is ideal for starting a business, could be the taxes there are low, and employers are getting a lot of benefits from the state government.”But Tapaskar says one thing that could bring new immigrants to Chicago is increasing the number of work visas that would attract the highly skilled tech workers his business needs.5.What is the problem for the technology companies inChicagoA) Getting high skilled people.B) Promoting company’s technology.C) Finding enough employees.D) Increasing members of immigrants.6. What do we learn from about international iin-immigrations in ChicagoA) The number of them decreases dramatically.B) They mainly move from south states.C) They come to Chicago without work visa.D) The number of them increases after the recession.7. Why do immigrants choose southern states instead of ChicagoA) The law of immigrants.B) The environment for companies.C) The number of work visas.D) Higher salary and better titles.Test 3 News Report 1Question 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.[1]In a statement, the US president says he is taking the action, because the conflict in Darfur threatens the national security and foreign policy of the United States. The asset freeze is being imposed on four Sudanese identified by the .Security Council as being involved in organizing and carrying out cruel and violent actions in Darfur. The president’s order comes days before rallies are planned in Washington and throughout the United States to protest the three-year war in Darfur.[2]Celebrities such as Academy Award winning actor George Clooney are scheduled to speak at the rally. Clooney, who just returned from a trip to the Darfur region, told reporters in Washington the world’s attenti on needs to be focused on what he called the “first massive murder of the 21st century.”1.Why is the . president taking actions in DarfurA) The asset of the US there has been frozen.B) The conflict there threatens the . national security.C) Rallies are planned to protest the war there.D) The . Security Council is involved in the issue there.2. Who is scheduled to speak at the rallyA) Four Sudanese.B) The . president.C) Reporters.D) George Clooney.Test 3 News Report 2Question 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.When the top . oil companies announced huge increases in profits this week, many consumer advocates raised companies. At a time when American motorists are paying record-level prices for gasoline, [3]some in the . Congress think the oil companies profits should be examined closely. The . Senate Finance Committee is seeking tax return information on top . oil companies from the Internal Revenue Service and some politicians are calling for a windfall profits tax. Pf course, oil companies oppose such a move, citing similar or even higher profit increases in other industries, such as real estate, that have not caused controversy. [4]Oil industry analysts, however, say a windfall profits tax might be counterproductive. Bob Tippee, editor of Houston-based Oil and Gas Journal, says large oil company profits could benefit consumers in the end.3. What are the reactions to the oil companies’ huge increases in profitsA) Consumers give up motorcycles.B) Some politicians suggest cutting down prices of gasoline.C) Oil companies are not satisfied with it.D) Some congressmen think oil companies should be examined.4. What do the oil industry analysts think of the windfall profits taxA) It might not work.B) Consumers will finally benefit from it.C) It is good for oil industry.D) It should also be imposed on other industries.Test 3 News Report 3Question 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.An earthquake measuring on the Richter scale has hit northeast India, near its borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh, killing at least nine people. [5]The quake hit at 4:35 am local time about 29 km northwest of Imphal, the capital of Manipur state, according to the US Geological Survey. Strong quakes have been felt across the region. The earthquake was originally reported to have measured on the Richter scale. India’s Meteorological Department said it struck at a depth of 17 km.The earthquake cracked walls and [6] a newly-builtsix-story building in Imphal collapsed, police said. Other buildings were also reported to have been damaged. At least six people have been killed in Manipur and more than 30 injured, the Press Trust of India news agency reported. In the neighboring Bangladesh, three people were reported dead while dozens were being treated in hospital for injuries sustained during the quake. [7]A 23-year-old man died when he suffered a stroke after the quake while two others died of heart attacks, news agency AFP quoted police as saying. A university student, who jumped from a fourth-floor balcony to escape, was among the severely wounded, the agency added.5. When did the earthquake happenA) At 4:35 pm local time. B) At 4:35 am local time.C) At 4:25 am local time. D) At 4:25 pm local time.6. What do we know about the earthquake from the news reportA) The US Geological Survey first reported the earthquake.B) India’s Meteorological Department has predicted the earthquake.C) A newly-built building collapsed in the earthquake.D) Three thousand people were reported dead in the earthquake.7. Why did the 23-year-old man dieA) The US Geological Survey first reported the earthquake.B) India’s Meteorological Department has predicted the earthquake.C) A newly-built building collapsed in the earthquake.D) Three thousand people were reported dead in the earthquake.Test 4 News Report 1Question 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.The number of Americans over the age of 65 is expected to double between now and 2030. This next generation of retirees will be the healthiest, best educated, and most wealthy in American history. [1]But many of them won’t have a retirement benefit their parents’ generation fought hard to get. It is something known as a defined-benefit plan, or “pensio n”. Retired workers who have a pension continue to be paid a certain percentage of their highest annual salary-usually anywhere from one to three percent-multiplied by the number of years they worked for the company. Pensions first became popular during World War Ⅱ, when a federally-approved wage-freeze meant unions had to negotiate for retirement benefits, instead of payincreases. [2]Pensions reached the height of their popularity in the late 1970s, when more than 60 percent of Americans had one.1.What problem does the next generation of retirees haveA) Their health becomes worse.B) They don’t fight as hard as before.C) They won’t get the benefit of pension.D) They receive less education.2. When did pensions reach the height of their popularityA) In the late 1970s.B) In the early 1970s.C) During World War II.D) In the late 1960s.Test 4 News Report 2Question 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.US government kealth and safty officials are investigating the cause of the recent explosion at a West Virginia coal mine, which killed 12 miners. [3]The accident was apparently an error in an industry which has prided itself on miner safety at a time of extraordinary expansion. Mine companies operate in 27 states,from West Virginia in the east to Montana in the west, producing a total of about one billion tons a year, or more than a third of the world’s coal supply. The . economy is dependent on coal production. Coal-fired power plants generate about 50 percent of the nation’s electricity. More than half the nation’s coal is mined underground by thousands of men and women who daily risk injury and death. [4]But the occupation has become much safer since the late 1960s, when the . Congress passed laws requiring federal mine inspetions.3. What do we learn about the recent explosion at a coal mineA) Nobody was injured in it.B) It was caused by an error.C) It killed 27 miners.D) It affected national electricity supply.4. What made the mining industry safer in the late 1960sA) Extraordinary expansion of mine companies.B) The laws requiring federal mine inspections.C) The decline of coal supply in the world.D) An accident causing thousands of death.Test 4 News Report 3Question 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.When it comes to dieting, losin weight fast holds some appeal. Maybe that’s why . News & World Report has added a Fast Weight-Loss Diet category to its annual rankings of best diet plans. And one of the diets that comes out on top is the Health Management Resources (HMR) program.[5]HMR is a meal replacement diet that can be done on your own at home or under medical supervision. Instead of made-at-home meals, dieters can order low-calorie milk, soups, nutrition bars and multigrain cereal.The . News reviewers say [6]the plus side to the HMR diet is its quick-start option and the convenience of having meals delivered to you. The down side is “the milk lacks variety,” and it’s tough to eat out while on this diet.[7] “A common misunderstanding is that losing weight quickly is not healthy, not sustainable, and will just lead to future weight re-gain,” wrote Carol Addy, the chief medical officer at HMR, in a release. But she says, to the contrary, “numerous studies demonstrate that following a lifestyle change program which promotes fast initial weight loss can result in better long-term success.”5. What is the HMR programA) An express company that delivers food.B) A meal replacement diet.C) A report on fast weight-loss diet category.D) An annual ranking of best diet plans.6. What is the advantage of HMR programA) The food is made by medical workers.B) The food is healthier than made-at-home meal.C) The food is delivered to dieters directly.D) Dieters can order a variety of food.7. What’s the common misunderstanding about losing weight fastA) It is tough to achieve.B) It may change our lifestyle.C) It is unhealthy and unsustainable.D) It can lead to future diseases.Test 5 News Report 1Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Two months ago, Zogby International, a Wahington-based research organization, conducted a public opinion poll in six Arab countries:Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The respondents, randomly chosenfrom different neighborhoods in various cities of each country, [1]were asked to give their opinion on a number of issues, including concerns facing their country and their personal life, economic development, employment opportunities and the likelihood of peace in the Middle East．[2]Overall, respondents expressed more satisfaction with their lives and more optimism about their future than they did in the poll conducted ten years ago. In Lebanon，both satisfaction and optimism have doubled．This is not surprising, says James Rauch, a professor at the University of California. “The Lebanese have experienced an enormous change now with the end of the Syrian occupation. They would have good reasons to be optimistic.”1.What were the respondents asked to comment onA) Their personal life.B) Educational opportunities.C) Political development.D) Their views on international issues.2. What do we learn about the result of the pollA) In Morocco, both satisfaction and optimism have doubled.B) Optimism grows generally in the Arab world in recent years.C) Many Arab countries have improved the income of theircitizens.D) There is an acceleration of the economic growth in the Arab world.Test 5 News Report 2Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.[3] In October the Ugandan opposition leader, Kizza Basigye, returned to Kampala to prepare for the presidential elections next year. Three weeks later he was arrested. The Ugandan government says he must answer the charges, but his supporters say it’s an attempt by Ugandan President Museveni to Prevent Dr. Basigye running against him. [4]The incident is threatening to darken the country’s first multi-party elections in two decades. Western nations which provide essential economic support to Uganda have held up Uganda as a role model in the region, opposition leaders are calling on them to take a stand. In this edition of Analysis, Lucy Williamson looks at whether Uganda’s relationship with its donors is feeling the strain.3. Why did Kizza Basigye return to KampalaA) To arrest the leader of the opposition party.B) To prepare for the presidential elections.C) To answer his charges at home.D) To protect his supporters.4. What is the consequence of Basigye’s incidentA) Ug anda’s multi-party elections were darkened.B) Economic support from western nations was cut off.C) Uganda’s role model in the region was canceled.D) Uganda’s relationship with its donors felt strained.Test 5 News Report 3Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.At the end of every year, . weather researchers look back at what the nation’s weather was like, and what they saw last year was weird. [5]The year was hot and annoyed by all manner of extreme weather events that did a lot of expensive damage.December, in fact, was a fitting end.“This is the first time in our 121-year period of record that a month has been both the wettest and the warmest month on record,” says Jake Crouch, a weather researcher. The rest of the year was very wet and hot too, he says-the second-hottest period on record for the US.[6]The cause: a warming climate and a super strong El Nino.El Nino is a weather phenomenon out of the ocean that hits every few years and affects weather globally.Together, climate and a very strong El Nino pushed the weather in the US, as warm as its 20th century average.And even when the atmosphere is only that much warmer, it holds more moisture, [7]leading to record snows in the Northeast last February and March, and record rain in the South and Midwest.5. What was weather in the US like last yearA) It was wet and cold.B) It was hot and dry.C) It was cold and terrible.D) It was hot and terrible.6. What made last year’s weather so wiredA) All the extreme weather events.B) El Nino and a warmer climate.C) Light snows and record rain.D) The land’s surrounded by ocean.7. What happened in the Northwest of the US last February and MarchA) There was record-breaking snowfall.B) There was record-breaking rainfall.C) It were the warmest months ever recorded.D) It were the wettest months ever recorded.Text 6 News Report 1Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.[1]February is Black History Month in the United States, when Americans are enco uraged to learn about and appreciate the many contributions African Americans have made to American society. Those efforts got a boost this week [2]when the Simthsonian Institution announced its plan to build a National Museum of African American History and Culture on the National Mall, where, in about 10 years, it will join the rest of the capital city’s famed national museums and monuments. There is much to do before the museum is actually built. An architect must be chosen, the collection must be assembled, and half the museum’s $300-$500 million price tag must be provided from private donors. Lonnie Bunch, the director, of the new museum, says the museum really desires to create an opportunity for millions of Americans to engage in and understand African American history.1. What are Americans encouraged to do in Black AmericanhistoryA) Learn about the history of American society.B) Appreciate the contributions of African Americans.C) Visit famed national museums and monuments.D) Donate money to build new museums.2. What is the plan of the Smithsonian InstitutionA) To join association of museums.B) To collect money from architects.C) To choose donors.D) To build a new museum.Test 6 News Report 2Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.When the tsunami hit Thailand last year, hundreds of Burmese migrants working in beach front hotels were among the victims. Thai officials have identified 80 Burmese migrant workers among the dead. [3]But they believe several of the more than 800 unidentified bodies are likely to be Burmese. Thousands of Burmese migrant workers are employed along Thailand’s Andaman Sea coast-a source of cheap labor for contractors who often overlook the need to register the workers.[4]Those who survived the tsunami often found their jobs, homes, and belongings were gone, and that they were unable to get government aid. Adison Kurdmongkol, a Thai labor activist, says the disaster called attention to the problems the Burmese migrants faced even before the tsunami.2.How many unidentified bodies are likely to be BurmeseA) Several.B) 80. C) More than 800. D) Several hundred.4. What happened to the surviving Burmese after last year’s tsunamiA) They were employed by contractors.B) They overlooked the government aid.C) They called attention to the problems of migrants.D) They were unable to get government aid.Test 6 News report 3Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.[5]The Paris agreement to curb climate change calls for a dramatic shift away from fossil fuels and greenhouse gasses the emit, especially carton dioxide.Switching to renewable energy helps, but that won’t happen fast enough to keep temperatures from rising to dangerouslevels. That’s why scientists and researchers all over the world also are working on new ways of keeping carbon out of the atmosphere.[6]At an industrial site in Alberta, a province in North America. Royal Dutch Shell, an oil company, recently hosted a grand opening for its Quest carbon capture and storage project.It’s part of Shell’s oil sands business. Turning oil sands into crude oil emits a lot of carbon dioxide. So Shell tries to capture some of that greenhouse gas before it gets into the air.The technology in the quest project has been around for a while, but it’s still expensive: The cost of building and operating this one plant over the next decade is about $970 million. For all that money, it captures only a third of the CO2 that’s produced here.[7]For many companies, such a plant isn’t an attractive investment because it’s not profitable.5. What’s the purpose of Paris agreementA) To help companies make more money.B) To gain reputation around the world.C) To keep temperatures at a low level.D) To control the change of climate.。
African American(GRE阅读练习材料)
African AmericanFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchThis article is about the U.S. population of Americans of African ancestry. For the population of recent African origins, see African immigration to the United States. For the African diaspora throughout the Americas, see Afro-AmericanAfrican Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa.[2] In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry. Most African Americans are the direct descendants of captive Africans who survived the slavery era within the boundaries of the present United States, although some are—or aredescended from—immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations.[3] As an adjective, the term is usually written as African-American.[4]African-American history starts in the 17th century with indentured servitude in British America and progresses onto the election of Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there were other events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, that were faced by African Americans. Some of these were slavery, reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement. African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States and form the second largest racial group after whites in the United States.[5]Contents[hide]∙ 1 Historyo 1.1 Slavery erao 1.2 Reconstruction and Jim Crowo 1.3 Great Migration and Civil Rights Movemento 1.4 Post-Civil Rights era∙ 2 Demographicso 2.1 U.S. cities∙ 3 Religion∙ 4 Contemporary issueso 4.1 Politics and social issueso 4.2 News media and coverageo 4.3 Educationo 4.4 Economic statuso 4.5 Healtho 4.6 Cultural influence in the United Stateso 4.7 Political legacy∙ 5 The term "African American"o 5.1 Political overtoneso 5.2 Who is African American?o 5.3 The African-American experienceo 5.4 Terms no longer in common use∙ 6 See also∙7 Notes∙8 References∙9 Further reading∙10 External linksHistoryMain article: African American historySlavery eraAn artist's conception of Crispus Attucks (1723–1770), the first "martyr" of the American Revolution.Main articles: Slavery in the United States and Atlantic slave tradeThe first recorded Africans in British North America (including most of the future United States) arrived in 1619 as indentured servants who settled in Jamestown, Virginia. As English settlers died from harsh conditions more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. Africans for many years were similar in legal position to poor English indenturees, who traded several years labor in exchange for passage to America.[6] Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom.[7] They raised families, marrying other Africans and sometimes intermarrying with Native Americans or English settlers.[8] By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards.The popular conception of a race-based slave system did not fully develop until the 18th century. The first black congregations and churches were organized before 1800 in both northern and southern cities following the Great Awakening. By 1775, Africans made up 20% of the population in the American colonies, which made them the second largest ethnic group after the English.[9] During the 1770s, Africans, both enslaved and free, helped rebellious English colonists secure American Independence by defeating the British in theAmerican Revolution.[10] Africans and Englishmen fought side by side and were fully integrated.[11]James Armistead, an African American, played a large part in making possible the 1781 Yorktown victory, which established the United States as an independent nation.[12] Other prominent African Americans were Prince Whipple and Oliver Cromwell, who are both depicted in the front of the boat in George Washington's famous 1776 Crossing the Delaware portrait.By 1860, there were 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the United States due to the Atlantic slave trade, and another 500,000 African Americans lived free across the country.[13] In 1863, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation declared that all slaves in states which had seceded from the Union were free.[14] Advancing Union troops enforced the proclamation with Texas being the last state to be emancipated in 1865.[15]Reconstruction and Jim CrowJesse Owens shook racial stereotypes both with Nazis and segregationists in the USA at the 1936 Berlin olympics.Main articles: Reconstruction era of the United States and Jim Crow lawsAfrican Americans quickly set up congregations for themselves, as well as schools, community and civic associations, to have space away from white control or oversight. While the post-war reconstruction era was initially a time of progress for African Americans, in the late 1890s, Southern states enacted Jim Crow laws to enforce racial segregation and disenfranchisement.[16] Most African Americans followed the Jim Crow laws, using a mask of compliance to prevent becoming victims of racially motivated violence. To maintainself-esteem and dignity, African Americans such as Anthony Overton andMary McLeod Bethune continued to build their own schools, churches, banks, social clubs, and other businesses.[17]In the last decade of the 19th century, racially discriminatory laws and racial violence aimed at African Americans began to mushroom in the United States. These discriminatory acts included racial segregation—upheld by the United States Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896[18]—which was legally mandated by southern states and nationwide at the local level of government, voter suppression or disenfranchisement in the southern states, denial of economic opportunity or resources nationwide, and private acts of violence and mass racial violence aimed at African Americans unhindered or encouraged by government authorities.Great Migration and Civil Rights MovementAn African American boy outside of Cincinnati, Ohio in the 1940sMarch on Washington, August 28, 1963, shows civil rights and union leaders Main articles: Great Migration (African American) and African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)The desperate conditions of African Americans in the South that sparked the Great Migration of the early 20th century,[19] combined with a growing African American community in the Northern United States, led to a movement to fight violence and discrimination against African Americans that, like abolitionism before it, crossed racial lines. The Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to 1968 was directed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans,particularly in the Southern United States. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom and the conditions which brought it into being are credited with putting pressure on President John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.Johnson put his support behind passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that banned discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and labor unions, and the Voting Rights Act (1965), which expanded federal authority over states to ensure black political participation through protection of voter registration and elections. By 1966, the emergence of the Black Power movement, which lasted from 1966 to 1975, expanded upon the aims of the Civil Rights Movement to include economic and political self-sufficiency, and freedom from white authority.[20]Post-Civil Rights eraMain article: Post Civil Rights Era African-American historyPolitically and economically, blacks have made substantial strides during the post-civil rights era. In 1989, Douglas Wilder became the firstAfrican-American elected governor in U.S. history. There are currently two black governors serving concurrently; governor Deval Patrick of Massachusetts and governor David Paterson of New York. Clarence Thomas became the second African-American Supreme Court Justice.In 1992 Carol Moseley-Braun of Illinois became the first black woman elected to the U.S. Senate. There were 8,936 black officeholders in the United States in 2000, showing a net increase of 7,467 since 1970. In 2001 there were 484 black mayors.On November 4, 2008, Democratic Senator Barack Obama defeated Republican Senator John McCain to become the first African American to be elected President. At least 95 percent of African-American voters voted for Obama.[21][22] He also received overwhelming support from young and educated whites, a majority of Asians, Hispanics,[23] and NativeAmericans[24][not in citation given] picking up a number of new states in the Democratic electoral column.[21][22] Obama lost the overall white vote, although he won a larger proportion of white votes than any previous nonincumbent Democratic presidential candidate since Jimmy Carter.[25] The following year Michael S. Steele was elected the first African-American chairman of the national Republican Party.[26]DemographicsAfrican Americans as percent of population, 2000.U.S. Census map indicating U.S. counties with fewer than 25 black or African American inhabitantsFurther information: List of U.S. communities with African American majority populations and List of U.S. counties with African American majority populationsIn 1790, when the first U.S. Census was taken, Africans (including slaves and free people) numbered about 760,000—about 19.3% of the population. In 1860, at the start of the Civil War, the African American population had increased to 4.4 million, but the percentage rate dropped to 14% of the overall population of the country. The vast majority were slaves, with only 488,000 counted as "freemen". By 1900, the black population had doubled and reached 8.8 million. In 1910, about 90% of African Americans lived in the South, but large numbers began migrating north looking for better job opportunities and living conditions, and to escape Jim Crow laws and racial violence. The Great Migration, as it was called, spanned the 1890s to the 1970s. From 1916 through the 1960s, more than 6 million black people moved north. But in the1970s and 1980s, that trend reversed, with more African Americans moving south to the Sun Belt than leaving it.The following table of the African American population in the United States over time shows that the African American population, as a percent of the total population, declined until 1930 and has been rising since then.African Americans in the United States[27]Year Number % of total population Slaves % in slavery1790 757,208 19.3% (highest) 697,681 92%1800 1,002,037 18.9% 893,602 89%1810 1,377,808 19.0% 1,191,362 86%1820 1,771,656 18.4% 1,538,022 87%1830 2,328,642 18.1% 2,009,043 86%1840 2,873,648 16.8% 2,487,355 87%1850 3,638,808 15.7% 3,204,287 88%1860 4,441,830 14.1% 3,953,731 89%1870 4,880,009 12.7% ––1880 6,580,793 13.1% ––1890 7,488,788 11.9% ––1900 8,833,994 11.6% ––1910 9,827,763 10.7% ––1920 10.5 million 9.9% ––1930 11.9 million 9.7% (lowest) ––1940 12.9 million 9.8% ––1950 15.0 million 10.0% ––1960 18.9 million 10.5% ––1970 22.6 million 11.1% ––1980 26.5 million 11.7% ––1990 30.0 million 12.1% ––2000 36.6 million 12.3% ––By 1990, the African American population reached about 30 million and represented 12% of the U.S. population, roughly the same proportion as in 1900.[28] In current demographics, according to 2005 U.S. Census[dubious–discuss] figures, some 39.9 million African Americans live in the United States, comprising 13.8% of the total population. The World Factbook gives a 2006 figure of 12.9%[29] Controversy has surrounded the "accurate" population count of African Americans for decades. The NAACP believed it was under countedintentionally to minimize the significance of the black population in order to reduce their political power base.At the time of the 2000 Census, 54.8% of African Americans lived in the South. In that year, 17.6% of African Americans lived in the Northeast and 18.7% in the Midwest, while only 8.9% lived in the western states. The west does have a sizable black population in certain areas, however. California, the nation's most populous state, has the fifth largest African American population, only behind New York, Texas, Georgia, and Florida. According to the 2000 Census, approximately 2.05% of African Americans identified as Hispanic or Latino in origin,[5] many of whom may be of Brazilian, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Cuban, Haitian, or other Latin American descent. The only self-reported ancestral groups larger than African Americans are Irishs and Germans.[30] Because many African Americans trace their ancestry to colonial American origins, some simply self-identify as "American".[citation needed]U.S. citiesFurther information: List of U.S. cities with large African American populations and List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populationsAlmost 58% of African Americans lived in metropolitan areas in 2000. With over 2 million black residents, New York City had the largest black urban population in the United States in 2000, overall the city has a 28% black population. Chicago has the second largest black population, with almost 1.6 million African Americans in its metropolitan area, representing about 18 percent of the total metropolitan population.Among cities of 100,000 or more, Gary, Indiana had the highest percentage of black residents of any U.S. city in 2000, with 84% (though it should be noted that the 2006 Census estimate puts the city's population below 100,000). Gary is followed closely by Detroit, Michigan, which was 82% African American. Other large cities with African American majorities include New Orleans, Louisiana (67%), Baltimore, Maryland (64%) Atlanta, Georgia (61%), Memphis, Tennessee (61%), and Washington, D.C. (60%).The nation's most affluent county with an African American majority is Prince George's County, Maryland, with a median income of $62,467. Within that county, among the wealthiest communities are Glenn Dale, Maryland and Fort Washington, Maryland. Other affluent predominantly African American counties include Dekalb County in Georgia, and Charles City County in Virginia. Queens County, New York is the only county with a population of 65,000 or more where African Americans have a higher median household income than Americans of European descent.[31]ReligionMain articles: Black church, Nation of Islam, and Black Hebrew IsraelitesMount Zion United Methodist Church is the oldest African American congregation in Washington, D.C.The majority of African Americans are Protestant of whom many follow the historically black churches.[32] Black church refers to churches which minister predominantly African American congregations. Black congregations were first established by freed slaves at the end of the 17th century, and later when slavery was abolished more African Americans were allowed to create a unique form of Christianity that was culturally influenced by African spiritual traditions.[33]According to a 2007 survey, more than half of the African American population are part of the historically black churches.[34] The largest Protestant denomination among African Americans are the Baptists,[35] distributed in four denominations, the largest being the National Baptist Convention and the National Baptist Convention of America.[36] The second largest are the Methodists,[37] the largest sects are the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.[36][38] Pentecostals are mainly part of the Church of God in Christ.[36] About 16% of African American Christians are members of white Protestant communions,[37] these denominations (which include the United Church of Christ) mostly have a 2 to 3% African American membership.[39] The are also large numbers of Roman Catholics, constituting 5% of the African American population.[34] Of the total number of Jehovah's Witnesses, 22% are black.[32]Malcolm Shabazz Mosque in Harlem, New York CitySome African Americans follow Islam. Historically, between 15 to 30% of enslaved Africans brought to the Americas were Muslims, but most of these Africans were converted to Christianity during the era of American slavery.[40] However during the 20th century, some African Americans converted to Islam, mainly through the influence of black nationalist groups that preached with distinctive Islamic practices; these include the Moorish Science Temple of America, though the largest organization was the Nation of Islam, founded during the 1930s, which attracted at least 20,000 people as of 1963,[41][42] prominent members included activist Malcolm X and boxer Muhammad Ali.[43]Religious affiliation of African Americans.Malcolm X is considered the first person to start the movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he left the Nation and made the pilgrimage to Mecca.[44] In 1975, Warith Deen Mohammed, the son of Elijah Muhammad who took control of the Nation after his death, guided majority of its members to orthodox Islam.[45] However, few members rejected these changes, in particular Louis Farrakhan, who revived the Nation of Islam in 1978 based on its original teachings.African American Muslims constitute 20% of the total U.S. Muslim population,[46] the majority are Sunni or orthodox Muslims, some of these identify under the community of W. Deen Mohammed.[47][48] The Nation of Islam led by Louis Farrakhan has a membership from 20,000—50,000 members.[49]There are relatively few African American Jews; estimates of their number range from 20,000[50] to 200,000.[51] Most of these Jews are part of mainstream groups such as the Reform, Conservative, or Orthodox branches of Judaism; although there are significant numbers of people who are part ofnon-mainstream Jewish groups, largely the Black Hebrew Israelites, whose beliefs include the claim that African Americans are descended from the Biblical Israelites.[52]Contemporary issues"Harmony", oil on canvas by Philippe Derome, Alabama, 1987African Americans have improved their social and economic standing significantly since the Civil Rights Movement and recent decades have witnessed the expansion of a robust, African American middle class across the United States. Unprecedented access to higher education and employment in addition to representation in the highest levels of American government has been gained by African Americans in the post-civil rights era.Nevertheless, due in part to the legacy of slavery, racism and discrimination, African Americans as a group remain at a pronounced economic, educational and social disadvantage in many areas relative to European Americans. Persistent social, economic and political issues for many African Americans include inadequate health care access and delivery; institutional racism and discrimination in housing, education, policing, criminal justice and employment; crime, poverty and substance abuse.[citation needed]One of the most serious and long standing issues within African American communities is poverty. Poverty itself is a hardship as it is related to marital stress and dissolution, health problems, low educational attainment, deficits in psychological functioning, and crime.[53] In 2004, 24.7% of African American families lived below the poverty level.[54] In 2007, the average African American income was $33,916, compared with $54,920 for whites.[55]Politics and social issuesPresident Barack Obama at White House Easter Egg Roll.Collectively, African Americans are more involved in the American political process than other minority groups in the United States, indicated by the highest level of voter registration and participation in elections among these groups in 2004.[56] African Americans collectively attain higher levels of education than immigrants to the United States.[56] African Americans also have the highest level of Congressional representation of any minority group in the U.S.[57]The large majority of African Americans support the Democratic Party. In the 2004 Presidential Election, Democrat John Kerry received 88% of the African American vote compared to 11% for Republican George W. Bush.[58] Although there is an African-American lobby in foreign policy, it has not had the impact that African American organizations have had in domestic policy.[59]Historically, African Americans were supporters of the Republican Party because it was Republican President Abraham Lincoln who helped in granting freedom to American slaves; at the time, the Republicans and Democrats represented the sectional interests of the North and South, respectively, rather than any specific ideology, and both right and left were represented equally in both parties.The African American trend of voting for Democrats can be traced back to the 1930s during the Great Depression, when Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program provided economic relief to African Americans; Roosevelt's New Deal coalition turned the Democratic Party into an organization of the working class and their liberal allies, regardless of region. The African American vote became even more solidly Democratic when Democratic presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson pushed for civil rights legislation during the 1960s.After over 50 years, marriage rates for all Americans began to decline while divorce rates and out-of-wedlock births have climbed.[60] These changes have been greatest among African Americans. After more than 70 years of racial parity black marriage rates began to fall behind whites.[60] Single-parent households have become common, and according to US census figuresreleased in January 2010, only 38 percent of black children live with both their parents.[61] Despite that and heavy Democratic leanings, African Americans favor "traditional American values" about family and marriage.While 52% of Democrats support same-sex marriage, 30% of black Democrats do. In 2008, though Democrats overwhelmingly voted (64%) against the California ballot proposition banning gay marriage, blacks overwhelmingly approved (70% in favor) it, more than any other racial group.[62] Thehigh-profile candidacy of Barack Obama is credited with increasing black turnout on the bill which has been seen as the crucial difference in its passing.[63]Blacks also hold far more conservative opinions on abortion, extramarital sex, and raising children out of wedlock than Democrats as a whole.[63] On financial issues, however, African Americans are very much in line with Democrats, generally supporting a more progressive tax structure to provide more services and reduce injustice and as well as more government spending on social services.[64]News media and coverageBET founder Robert L. Johnson with former U.S. President George W. Bush. News media coverage of African American news, concerns or dilemmas is inadequate, some activists and academics contend.[65][66][67] Activists also contend that the news media present distorted images of African Americans.[68] To combat this African Americans founded their own television networks. Black Entertainment Television, founded by Robert L. Johnson is a network that targets young African Americans and urban audiences in the United States.Most programming on the network consists of rap and R&B music videos and urban-oriented movies and series. Additionally, the channel shows syndicated television series, original programs, and some public affairs programs. On Sunday mornings, BET broadcasts a lineup of network-produced Christian programming; other, non-affiliated Christian programs are also shown during the early morning hours daily. BET is now a global network that reaches 85 million viewers in the Caribbean, Canada, and the United Kingdom.[69]In addition to BET there is Centric, which is a spin-off cable television channel of BET, created originally as BET on Jazz to showcase jazz music-related programming, especially that of black jazz musicians. Programming since has been expanded to include a block of urban programs as well as some R&B, neo soul, and alternative hip hop, with the focus on jazz reduced to low-profile hours.[70]TV One is another African American-oriented network and a direct competitor to BET. It targets African American adults with a broad range of programming. The network airs original lifestyle and entertainment-oriented shows, movies, fashion and music programming, as well as classic series such as 227, Good Times, Martin, Boston Public and It's Showtime at the Apollo. The network primarily owned by Radio One. Radio One, Inc., founded and controlled by Catherine Hughes, it is one of the nation's largest radio broadcasting companies and the largest African American-owned radio broadcasting company in the United States.[71]Other African American networks scheduled to launch in 2009 are the Black Television News Channel founded by former Congressman J. C. Watts and Better Black Television founded by Percy Miller.[72][73] In June 2009, NBC News launched a new website named The Grio[74] in partnership with the production team that created the black documentary film, Meeting David Wilson. It is the first African American video news site which focuses on underrepresented stories in existing national news. The Grio consists of a broad spectrum of original video packages, news articles, and contributor blogs on topics including breaking news, politics, health, business, entertainment and Black History.[75]EducationMain article: Education outcomes in the United States by race and other classificationsCharles F. Bolden, Jr. is the current Administrator of NASABy 2000, African Americans had advanced greatly. They still lagged overall in education attainment compared to white or Asian Americans, with 14 percent with four year and 5 percent with advanced degrees, though it was higher than for other minorities.[76] African Americans attend college at about half the rate of whites, but at a greater rate than Americans of Hispanic origin. More African American women attend and complete college than men. Black schools for kindergarten through twelfth grade students were common throughout the U.S., and a pattern towards re-segregation is currently occurring across the country.[77]Historically black colleges and universities remain today which were originally set up when segregated colleges did not admit African Americans. As late as 1947, about one third of African Americans over 65 were considered to lack the literacy to read and write their own names. By 1969, illiteracy as it had been traditionally defined, had been largely eradicated among younger African Americans.[78]US Census surveys showed that by 1998, 89 percent of African Americans aged 25 to 29 had completed high school, less than whites or Asians, but more than Hispanics. On many college entrance, standardized tests and grades, African Americans have historically lagged behind whites, but some studies suggest that the achievement gap has been closing. Many policy makers have proposed that this gap can and will be eliminated through policies such as affirmative action, desegregation, and multiculturalism.[79]In Chicago, Marva Collins, an African American educator, created a low cost private school specifically for the purpose of teaching low-income African。
2023-2024学年上海市延安中学高一上学期10月月考英语试卷
2023-2024学年上海市延安中学高一上学期10月月考英语试卷1. Which of the italicized (斜体) parts functions as an object?A．He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting .B．It is no use your pretending not to know the matter .C．Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.D．My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night .2. Starting with this model, all of the forthcoming brand’s Android smartphones will ________ this up and coming technology.A．be charged with B．be surrounded by C．be equipped with D．be conscious of 3. The charity concert we had been looking forward to ________ last week.A．holding B．being held C．was held D．had held4. How can a country where teachers devote all their class hours to training students to take exams ________ to compete in the technology race with other countries?A．be expected B．expecting C．expected D．being expected 5. It seems that everything ________ between us. For example, he ________ what I say.A．is falling apart; is always ignoring B．is falling apart; always ignoresC．falls apart; is always ignoring D．falls apart; always ignores6. The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming increasingly warmer these years.A．why B．how C．that D．when7. Democracy, development and respect ________ human rights and freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.A．of B．to C．for D．on8. Success in life does not depend so much on chance ________ on diligence and honesty.A．but B．nor C．as D．like9. Children need at least 9 hours’ sleep, ______they won’t work ________ think properly during the day.A．but… or B．or… or C．and… but D．or… and10. It ________ long before that young man ________ me again.A．wasn’t… meets B．won’t be… meetsC．won’t be… met D．wasn’t... had met11. Self-discipline is all ________ takes to make yourself a better person.A．what B．that C．it D．which Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need.A. break upB. belong toC. refers toD. push your limitsE. from the perspective ofF. is alive withG. featureH. routineI. in terms of J. take easy steps K. earn a living12. We’ve made a huge contribution __________ aid, we’re providing logistical (后勤的) assistance to the African Union troops.13. To reach your full potential, try planning some leisure activities that __________ like bungee jumping and skydiving.14. When people watched the recording __________ the suspect, suddenly the interview appeared more aggressive.15. She has tried to __________ the company’s partnership with Microsoft Corp (公司).16. It is said that Ellis Island immigration hall __________ the stories of people who left their native lands long ago to start a new life in a new country.17. This slide shows one important __________ of the physical chemistry of DNA that turns out to be very important for all of the technology that is built on DNA.18. The majority of the refugees, including that girl who applied for citizenship yesterday,__________ the Karen ethnic groups.19. I notice that this student use numbers when he __________ their courses, classes or buildings.20. We need to improve teenagers’ physical activity levels, whether through sports or building exercise into __________.21. Users can __________ to make their Facebook experience safer, more secure and more private.Directions: Complete the article with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need.A. motivateB. remindC. specificD. analysisE. objectiveF. reflectionG. is supposed toH. concerningI. promote J. impact K. elementsKnowing how to write an influencer brief 22 be a task of priority when you’re working with creators. Because communication is crucial to a successful campaign. Sure, influencers can craft viral posts and content that translates into high-performing ads, that doesn’t m ean they are mind-readers, whose 23 of public popularity is always correct. Influencers need direction. But not too much of it so as to 24 them to pursue their creative freedom. This balancing act is why influencercreative briefs require so much attention and can sometimes be particularly 25 —what if the brief is a total failure? What if something goes wrong? People in charge tend to be stuck with repeating 26 on such questions.What is an influencer brief, anyway? It is an outline of instructions and expectations for creators prior to a social media campaign. These guidelines include everything from high-level creative direction to specific requirements. An influencer brief should sum up what a creator needs to create the best post possible. Simply put, brief are a blueprint for posts that delight brands and creators alike. Brands that cram (塞进) their instructions into an email don’t exactly reflect effort or attention to detail. Note that how you craft your influencer brief has a direct 27 on campaign performance.Below are the 28 of what should be included in any given influencer brief:Campaign GoalsYou can’t provide direction to creators without defining what you want their content to achieve.For example:● Do you want to 29 a product launch?● Are you trying to increase brand awareness?● Do you want to tie your influencer campaign to sales? Traffic? Engagement?Be clear about your campaign 30Target AudienceAn influencer brief should be 31 about who creators are speaking to, including:● Demographics (think: age, gender, location)● Interests● Wants, needs and pain points● Other brands they like and followYou probably chose to work with specific influencers because their audience reflects yours, right?Click here for more information on how to write an influencer brief.At first, the grains of rice that Ingo Potrykus held in his fingers did not seem at all _________, but inside, these grains were not white, as ordinary rice is, but a very pale yellow — thanks to beta-carotene (胡萝卜素), a building block for vitamin A.For more than a decade Potrykus had _________ creating a golden rice that could improve the lives of millions of the poorest people in the world, strengthening their eyesight and their _________ disease._________ imagining golden rice was one thing and creating one quite another. Year after year, Potrykus and his colleagues ran into one _________ after another until success finally came in the spring of 1999.At that point, he tackled an even greater challenge. The golden grains _________ pieces of DNA borrowed from bacteria and flowers. It was what some would call Frankenfood, a product of genetic engineering. As such, it _________ a web of hopes und fears.The debate began the moment genetically engineered crops (GM crops) were first sold in the 1990s, and it has _________ ever since. First to start major protests against biotechnology were European environmentalists and consumer-advocacy groups. They were soon followed by their U.S. counterparts (相对应的人事物).The hostility is _________. Most of the GM crops __________ so far have been developed to produce a plant that is not harmed by chemicals used to kill weeds (杂草) in the fields. These genetically engineered crops are often sold by the same large, multinational corporations that__________ the weed-killing chemicals that farmers spray on their fields. Consumers have become suspicious (怀疑的).The benefits did seem small __________ golden rice was developed. It is the first strong example of a GM crop that may __________ not just the farmers who grow it but also the consumers who eat it. In this case, those include at least a million children who die every year because they are weakened by vitamin-A deficiency (缺乏) and an additional 350,000 who go blind.Many people __________ poverty and hunger look at golden rice and see it as evidence that GM crops can be made to serve the greater public good. They see a critical role for GM crops in feeding the world’s ever-increasing population. As former U.S. President Jimmy Carter put it, “Responsible biotechnology is not the enemy; __________ is.”32.A．typical B．special C．local D．white33.A．dreamed of B．come in handy C．been reminded of D．broken up34.A．attempt at B．effort to C．resistance to D．majority of35.A．But B．And C．While D．Since36.A．surprise B．obstacle C．norm D．opposition37.A．achieved B．stressed C．overlooked D．contained38.A．was caught in B．was alive with C．be conscious of D．was honored by39.A．announced B．maintained C．escalated D．applied40.A．brilliant B．understandable C．discharged D．rewarding41.A．introduced B．reminded C．respected D．overlooked42.A．toss and turn B．give and take C．produce and sell D．demand andsupply43.A．until B．after C．although D．when44.A．feature B．mark C．build D．benefit45.A．worried about B．ashamed of C．filled with D．admired for46.A．terror B．misery C．starvation D．crisisAs a group of young African immigrants struggle to adapt to life in the United States, an after-school drama program at White Oak Middle school aims to make their lives easier by first making them a little harder.Project X is a program that uses drama, dance, poetry and other creative outlets to help students discuss the tough and sometimes painful problems they face as preteen immigrants with significant language barriers. A final unveiling of their creation will be performed for friends and family at the end of the year at Imagination Stage.Wanjiru, Kamau, coordinator of White Oak’s African Club said it’s important to give troubles to group members to help them find their place at the school. “It comforts those who are uncomfortable, and it discomforts those who are comfortable,” Kamau said of Project X.Kamau teamed up with Imagination Stage after she noticed that many African students seemed uncomfortable talking problems, such as being laughed at by their fellow students about how they look and talk. When most of the kids join the club, they speak little no English, Kamau said. Each week, the club typically draws five to ten students who are originally from Africa for discussion sessions and the Project X program.“We are going to express ourselves through our words and our actions, and that’s powerful,” said teaching artist Meg Green as she introduced fill-in-the-blank poems the students wrote about their identities.One students, Frank Ketchouang, 13, wrote, “I am from the world; I am love,” which drew oohs and aahs from the group. Ketchouang has been in the United States for less than a year, said Program Coordinator Chad Dike. When Ketchou and started attending Project X, he had been in the United States for two months and spoke no English. Now he’s one of the group’s most outgoing members and helps translate instructions from English to Creole for the group’s newest member, who is from Haiti.Many people will give up when there’s a language barrier, “but these students prove them wrong.” Kamau said. “You do have something to give. You are important. When TV, media, ete. are bringing th em down, this program is bringing them up.”47. Project X is intended for helping the young African immigrants to ________.A．get over language barriers B．overcome tough problemsC．enrich after-school life D．become more creative48. How well the members learn in the Project X program is shown by ________.A．their annual creative performances B．their annual scores gained at schoolD．the comments of program teachers C．the comments of friends and familymembers49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．Project X was designed by some African immigrants.B．At first, the School had a disagreement with the Club.C．African Children need an outlet for expression of their hatred and misery.D．TV and media may have a harmful influence upon children.50. The passage is written mainly to ________.A．call for more attention to immigrants B．inspire immigrants never to give upC．advertise for White Oak’s African Club D．introduce the Project X programThe documentary genre is a more varied one than many people give it credit for As a type of film, documentaries do usually aim to inform or educate about some kind of non-fiction story or topic, but that’s not their sole purpose. Exploring the world of documentary film-making can be a truly eye-opening thing to do. What follows are some of the finest documentary films of all time.‘Bowling for Columbine’ (2002)Coming out years before crime documentaries became Netflix’s bread and butter, Bowling for Columbine uses a horrific crime spree (狂欢) as a jumping-off point to explore Americans culture’s seemingly unending love of firearms. The event it’s all framed (勾勒) around is the Columbine High School massacre of 1999, which claimed more than 20 victims. Its editing and presentation make the arguments put forward quite persuasive, clearly it wants to start a conversation about a serious topic.WHATCH ON NETFLIX‘Sans Soleil’ (1983)Sans Soleil is a documentary that’s hard to summarize, and has a rather experimental approach to the genre. It has little by way of narrative or a direct argument that it wants to present, instead being an artistically presented odyssey (奇幻旅程) through a woman’s abstract thoughts. It’s the kind of thing where someone could watch it and gain an entirely different understanding than other viewers.WHATCH ON YOUTUBE‘Free Solo’ (2018)Viewers with acrophobia should stay well away from Free Solo, because it can be genuinely hard to watch for anyone who has even a slight fear of heights. It follows Alex Honnold as he attempts to climb a 30-o-high rock face by himself without the safeguards of ropes or safety gear. As far as “man versus nature” documentary movies go, this is easily one of the greatest of all time. WHATCH ON NETFLIX‘Harlon County, USA’ (1976)While Harlon County, USA may be almost 50 years old, it remains relevant, and will continue to feel vital for as long as workers don’t feel fairly compensated for their work. It focuses on a specific 1973 strike in Harlon County, but the ideas and struggles explored here are relevant to various industries and groups of workers.WHATCH ON YOUTUBE‘Gimme Shelter’ (1970)It’s no secret that Martin Scorsese loves The Rolling Stones, having directed his own documentary about them and using their songs throughout his films. The stark presentation of a tragic event, focusing on one particularly infamous concert they performed in 1968, makes Gimme Shelter an intense watch that’s probably not for everyone, but it certainly stands as one of the most distinct music documentaries of all time.WHATCH ON HULUFor more movie info, visit our brand new Home Page.51. We can infer from paragraph 1 that ________.A．Documentaries only serve to inform or educate about a given topic.B．People fully appreciate the value of documentaries because it’s a varied genre.C．Documentaries convey far more information than people assume it does.D．In contrast to what many people assume, documentaries are not informative nor educative.52. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A．Bowling for Columbine and Sans Soleil are similar in that they both present an argument that is worth discussing.B．Feel free to recommend Free Solo to anyone because it is one of the greatest documentary movies of all time.C．Harlon County, USA can be widely enjoyed by the audience nowadays because it discussesa meaningful topic.D．A fan of the Rolling Stones will most certainly enjoy Gimme Shelter .53. We can find this passage from ________.A．the film section of a magazineB．a website about moviesC．“Facts and Truth” column in the newspaperD．a booklet about various social hot topicsThe idea that richer countries are happier may seem obvious. However, in 1974, research by economist Richard Easterlin found otherwise. He discovered that while individuals with higher incomes were more likely to be happy, this did not hold at a national level. In the United States, for example, average income per person rose steadily between 1946 and 1970, but reported happiness levels showed no positive long-term trend; in fact, they declined between 1060 and 1970. These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term “Easterlin paradox”: the idea that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in higher long-term happiness.Recent research has challenged the Easternlin paradox, however. In 2013, sociologists Ruut Veenhoven conducted a study using statistics from the World Database of Happiness. Their analysis revealed a positive correlation between economic growth and happiness. Another study found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ceases to bring you happiness: “If there is a satiation point, we are yet to reach it.” The study’s findings suggested that every extra dollar you earn makes you happier.According to psychologists Selin Kesebir, happiness also depends on how your income compares to the people around you. They argue that a country’s economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed. In emerging countries with high income inequality—where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer—average happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity. This suggests that governments should consider implementing policies to ensure equal distribution of wealth. The happier people are, the more productive they are likely to become, thus leading to improved economic outcomes at the individual and national levels.There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness, with arguments both for an d against the notion that richer countries are happier. However, it is clear that wealth alone isn’t enough to make us happy. The effect of income inequality on happiness shows that happiness is a social responsibility. We need to remember the positive effects of generosity and building social connections. Perhaps our focus should be less on how much money we have, and more on how we use it.54. According to the passage, Easterlin Paradox refers to ________.A．The fact that the more money people have, the happier they will feelB．The suggestion that money should be given the top priorityC．The question how economic outcomes are distributed nationwideD．The opinion that higher income doesn’t necessarily bring happiness55. The word “satiation” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.A．satisfaction B．controversial C．central D．sensitive56. What is the major reason for people’s unhappiness related to money?A．Money not enough. B．Money not fairly distributed.C．Money not legally earned. D．Money not properly used.57. Which of the following might be the best title of this passage?A．What brings happiness B．Easternlin paradoxC．Wealth and Happiness D．Rising income, rising happinessFifteen per cent of the world’s population — at least one billion people — have some form of disability, whether present at birth or acquired later in life. Nearly 240 million of them are children.58 . They live in every community, and are born with or acquire distinct impairments that, in relation to their surroundings, lead to functional difficulties — like seeing, walking, communicating, caring for oneself or making friends.The extent to which children with disabilities are able to function, participate in society and lead fulfilling lives depends on the extent to which they are accommodated and included. Yet, children with disabilities are among the most marginalized (边缘化的) people in every society.59 . For example, buildings, transportation, toilets and playgrounds that cannot be accessed by wheelchair users; textbooks unavailable in Braille (盲文), or public health announcements delivered without sign language interpretation.Each of these is rooted in stigma (污名) and discrimination that reflect negative perceptions of disability associated with ableism (体能歧视).Some children with disabilities face other forms of discrimination that compound (加剧) their deprivation (匮乏). 60 . Children with severe or multiple disabilities also tend to have a particularly hard time getting their needs met.61 . UNICEF works with partners to promote accessible learning spaces and materials. More importantly, it works with teachers and school administrations to promote inclusive attitudes and a mindset of support for all children. In 2020, UNICEF worked in 115 countries to strengthen laws, policies and plans to make sure all children and adolescents can enjoy their right to education on an equal basis with their peers.We promote the accessibility of content, communication channels and platforms, and build strong partnerships with organizations of people with disabilities. Children and adolescents with disabilities are the experts on their own experiences: We amplify their voices and enhance their ability to claim their rights.（根据句意填空）63. It was here that Xuan Zang ________ his famous travels, which became ________. ________ include the two Wild Goose Pagodas and the remains of the Daming Palace, which was the centre of the Tang court. （根据句意填空）64. Florence is filled with ________, as well as historic universities. You can visit many of these places ________ that happened during the Renaissance period.（根据句意填空）65. 尽管我们每天都努力工作，她总是对我们采取不好的态度。
2003年专业英语八级考试试题（3）
TEXT Ｂ I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned. Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem. New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia’s, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He’s carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem. History. I miss Mr. Michaux’s bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space. I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem’s powerful political electricity seems unplugged-although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants. Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and’30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America’s cultural influence around the world. By the 1970s and ’80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life. Now, you want to shout “Lookin’ good!” at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted. Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993. 19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem A. has remained unchanged all these years. B. has undergone drastic changes. C. has become the capital of Black America. D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life. 20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of A. indifference. B, discomfort. C. delight.D. nostalgia. 21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and ’30s mainly because of its A. art and culture. B. immigrant population. C. political enthusiasm.’ D. distinctive architecture. 22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author A. has strong reservations about the changes. B. has slight reservations about the changes, C. welcomes the changes in Harlem. D. is completely opposed to the changes. TEXT C The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with hisbackground, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck. He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one. The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry. Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man. Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows. Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.。
大二 英语(下)考试必备资料
1. 1.tackling climate will cost consumers the earth.1.C.the cost of a green revolution rises.2.B appropriate3.A cutting4.B past5.D rising6.B no 7C the electrification2. 2.shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.K revealing A illustrates J increasingly O recording D particular C publicly M means E decide L unlikely H caution3. 3.pregnancy mothers are getting a new tool to help keep1.A take2.C people3.A in the4.D to reduce5.D pay4. 4.as a group of young African immigrants struggles to adapt to1.D become2.A their annual creative3.D it’s a cooperative4.C remarkable5.D introduce5. 5.it can be tempting to make a hasty decisionBBCAC ADADD CBACA DDBAC6. 6.all in all, it was probably a mistake to1.A more money buys more2.C show richness3.B more options4.C people may5.B it relieves6.A are taken7.D making7.7.when louise brown was born on 25 july 1978,B technology J healthy L extra M majority A weigh F naturally G expressed H procedure E unclear I unique8.8.we may all like to consider ourselves free spirits.1.C act without2. A which cellphone tower3.D our human4.C go to5.B the predictability9.9.how’s this for unintended consequences?1.A they got a 16 increase2.D women who3.D have4.B had lower5.D divorce10.10.unlike downturns past.BBABD ACBCC DDACB CDCBC11.11.we never forget our best teachers1.B low salary2.A a good teacher3.C their4.A the lack5.C she agrees6.D it has turned7.C unfairness12.a paper, anatomy of a large social search engine,A working C aims K relevance N challenge O rely D responses E fundamentally J significant L instant I competent13.of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis,C enable 2.B is expected to be ineffective 3.D has been more 4. A carry 5.C unwise14 .british psychologists have found evidence of a link1.A use2.D respondents’3.C excessive use of internet usually4.B are intended5.D is 15.a report last week showed that almost half of all men failed to take upBDDCA ABDCD BDAAB BCADD16.when I was growing up1.B they decided2.A signs3.A parents tend4.D having kids5.C half6.B enjoyable7.C changes18.could the reason for the world’s economicO current F likely K found G equivalent I high B started N studied C however A found H style19.here’s some good mews for parents of tweens and teens1. D parents2.A they cut3.B avoid ruling4.A to achieve5.C who have20.in a survey conducted by research firm harris interactive1.C travel with family and friends during2.D by keeping your3.A is usually free4.B hotels5.D avoid21.employers and career experts see a growingCADAB CBBCA BBADA CCADA22.it’s my family’s tradition to exch ange gifts1.B they made2.B they had3.A to see4.D have5.D is not acceptable6.A they feel7.C uncomfortable23.would you be happier if you spent more timeF subject D shallow A proposed O key M meaning I connect N fantastic K fundamentalG otherwiseH planned24.hollywood has a message for scientists1.B they are scientifically2.A get3.D practically4. A extend5.C short24.there was a time, not that long ago,1.A find2.C given3.B their marriage rate was lower4.D peopl e’s outlook5.A favorable 25.higher education has a responsibility to provide a workforceADCCD ABBCA ADDBC DABDA26.i’m not convinced it’s as bad as the experts make out1.C psychological2.D emphasizing3.C no4. B human’s desire 50.C flyers 6.A encourages 7. C seeking27.next time you enter a username and passwordD stable F verify N patterns O separate A stressed C provokeE verify B alone K detected I differently28.it’s hot now in Afghanistan1.C many2.D reducing3.D it’s insecure4. D she expected5.A they help farmers29.forget brother1.B in2.A parents help3.C parents still4.D they are5.A parents should help30.eleven days after her son benjamin’s birth by c-sectionADDBB ABCBC DCCAB ACDCB31.on almost any night of the week1.B old2.C become3.B suburbanization4.C it5.D prosperity6.C get a7.B more32.barack and michelle obama understand the heavy burden of student loan debtC risingD jumpE pressure M easier O reasonably G poverty N workingF initiative B state I balance33.if you’re like most people1.D they are not2.D it keeps3.B they get4. A rely less on slogans5. C the most impressive34.women still have an uneasy relationship with power and the traits necessary1.B lacking in womanliness2.C she wasn’t stressed3.A she was the interviewer4.B when she was in5.D our35 BDBAC DCCAC BCDAB DABCA36.for a few yeas now,1.A persuade2.C engage3.D are4.B their parents’ help5.A it is considered6.B their parents don’t7.C the common37.skip that third helping of roast beefD explored H consumes G considerable M reduction J achieve B even N boost C trends A developing38.earlier this yeas I met with a group of women in matela1.B they can save2.D savings services3.B they are cooperative4.C costs5.D easily obtained39.the inner voice of people who appear unconscious can now be heard1.A patients in a vs2.A her brain was active3.C providing4.B approval5. D doctors should not40 don’t get too close to a tired teenCACDD CDCBA BBABC DACBA41.the young woman seated next to us at a bar revealed1.A her appearances2.B the easier3.D offering4.C it’s better5.D by which users can play6.A its software7.B can submit42.back in the dayB brilliant M released O funded A maintain F selected E aid H abruptly I credits k benefits L accomplish43.pregnant women who suffer lapses in memory or concentration1.A their2.B was groundless3.B mother are as4. D may5.C to illustrate the difficult 44.people in the us can now carry an artificial1.D an artificial2.A responded3.C it’s nothing4.B the way5.B the complexity45.did grandma seem forgetful at the holiday parties last monthADABC CCDAB ACDCD CADCB46.barry mills, the president of bowdoin college1.B the college’s high enrollment rate of minoeity2.C the young3.B 564.D `they pay5.B don’t6.A universities7. B it has organized47.over the last two yearsC share F innovative G launched A receptions M expanding B depended O cut J recently K rushingD extraordinary48.looking for a new weight loss plan1.D the amount2.A one’s bodyweight3.B they lost4.D he lost5.A casualness49.scores f university halls of residences and lecture1.B the risk2.A judged3.C they did4.D the universities5.A 150.status is an esteem need and regardlessAABCC DDCAB CBBAC BDDDDPower by YOZOSOFT。
非洲投资项目计划书英文
非洲投资项目计划书英文1. Executive SummaryAfrica has been identified as a region with immense potential for investment and growth. With a large and youthful population, abundant natural resources, and a growing middle class, the continent offers numerous opportunities for investors looking to capitalize on its development potential. This project proposal seeks to outline a comprehensive investment plan for establishing a business in Africa, focusing on sectors such as agriculture, renewable energy, and infrastructure development.2. Market AnalysisAfrica is a continent of vast opportunities, with a growing consumer market and increasing demand for essential goods and services. The agriculture sector in Africa is pivotal to the continent's economic growth, accounting for a significant portion of GDP and employment. Renewable energy is also emerging as a key focus area, as countries look to transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. Additionally, there is a pressing need for infrastructure development to facilitate trade and economic growth.3. Investment PlanThe proposed investment project aims to establish a business that operates in multiple sectors, including agriculture, renewable energy, and infrastructure development. The project will involve the following components:- Agriculture: The business will focus on investing in agricultural projects such as crop cultivation, livestock farming, and agro-processing. This will involve acquiring farmland, implementing modern farming techniques, and establishing partnerships with local farmers to increase productivity.- Renewable Energy: The business will also invest in renewable energy projects, such as solar and wind power generation. This will involve installing solar panels and wind turbines in strategic locations to generate electricity for both commercial and residential use.- Infrastructure Development: The business will invest in infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, and ports to facilitate trade and economic growth. This will involve collaborating with local governments and other stakeholders to identify key infrastructure needs and implement projects that will enhance connectivity and promote economic development.4. Financial PlanThe financial plan for the investment project will involve securing funding from various sources, including equity investments, bank loans, and government grants. The project will also explore opportunities for public-private partnerships to leverage additional resourcesand expertise. The projected financials for the project include revenue forecasts, cost estimates, and profitability analysis to ensure the project's viability and sustainability.5. Implementation PlanThe implementation plan for the investment project will involve identifying key milestones, timelines, and responsibilities for each component of the project. This will include conducting feasibility studies, securing permits and approvals, acquiring land and resources, and hiring skilled personnel to manage and oversee the project. The implementation plan will be closely monitored and evaluated to ensure that the project is on track and meeting its objectives.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, Africa offers numerous opportunities for investment and growth across various sectors. This project proposal aims to capitalize on these opportunities by establishing a business that operates in agriculture, renewable energy, and infrastructure development. By implementing a comprehensive investment plan and financial strategy, the project aims to achieve sustainable growth and positive economic impact in Africa.。
高中英语 选择性必修二综合测试卷
综合测试题选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What was the woman?A．A cook.B．A manager.C．A waitress.2．How will the woman get there?A．By taxi. B．By bus.C．On foot.3．Where is the man's ID card?A．In the drawer. B．On the desk.C．In the bag.4．Why is the woman going to the school?A．To pick up her son.B．To visit her son's teacher.C．To ask her son what he does every day.5．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Doctor and patient.B．Teacher and student.C．Father and daughter.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What does the woman think of Bob?A．He likes playing.B．He likes chatting.C．He is hard－working.7．What will the speakers do?A．They will meet Bob.B．They will study in the library.C．They will go to the cinema.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
2014高考英语阅读理解全程提升训练(25)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解全程提升训练（25）及答案【广东省深圳市2014高考英语第一次调研考试】BLong—time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory，and even anxiety。
This is suggested by the results of new research on mice。
While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart，this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain。
The team of Laura Fonken，Randy Nelson，from the Ohio State University, USA，has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate(微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body，and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases。
In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day，five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny，about 2。
专业英语八级词汇-1_真题-无答案
专业英语八级词汇-1(总分89,考试时间90分钟) Ⅰ专业八级核心动词聚焦1．英汉连线1. (1) endorse a.安居，安顿(2) engross b.驱逐，赶出，撵走(3) enliven c.盘绕，使缠绕，使交错(4) ensconce d.使加剧，使恶化(5) entangle e.使全神贯注，使埋首于(6) entwine f.开凿；发掘(7) estrange g.赞同，认可(8) evict (h)使疏远，离间(9) exacerbate (i)缠住，使牵连，使复杂(10) excavate (j)使活泼，使有生气2．释义连线1. (1) enfeeble a. happen afterwards; follow(2) engender b. list; count one by one(3) engross c. attract by arousing hope or desire; lure(4) enhance d. make weak or feeble(5) enrage e. bring to mind; summon up(6) ensue f. occupy all the time or attention of...(7) entail g. make...very angry(8) entice (h) bring into existence; give rise to(9) enumerate (i) make...necessary; involve(10) evoke (j) increase; make better3．真题填空用下列单词的正确形式完成句子energize enhance enshrine entail enthrallentwine estrange evacuate evince evoke exalt exasperate1. The redesign that we introduce with this issue—the work of our art director, Judy Garlan—represents, we think, a notable ______ of that environment.2. Gold has ______ man since the dawn of civilization.3. Despite their reverence, the ancients were quick to recognize gold's practical qualities, particularly its malleability, which made it ideal for jewellery. Even Cleopatra used gold ornaments to ______ her charm.4. The intrinsic value of gold, perhaps ______ by its mystique, made it a medium of exchange in many parts of the world.5. So long as the U.S. takes the inequitable arrangements ______ in current agreements as a starting point for negotiation, however, there is no chance that U.S. carriers will be granted more regional rights which further unbalance the economic opportunities available to each side.6. The statements that they became ______ probably after a quarrel is not true.7. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and ______ frequent-flyer benefits.8. As they become ______ with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world.9. I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the **er of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged—although the sweets are still ______ , especially by West African immigrants.10. The fox really ______ them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more.11. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly ______. 12. The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold—______, be jewelled relics of saints and martyrs.13. From how it is described in the passage the monastery seems to ______ a sense of piety.14. Helicopters were used to ______ people.15. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but ______, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.16. But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born intorather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often ______ pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class.17. "Oh, are we?" she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To ______ surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability.18. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, ______ with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.19. In an effort to ______ **mon identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools.Ⅱ专业八级扩充词汇扫描1．动词+名词搭配练习1. engender(1) acrimony in comments a.造成贸易损失______(2) a crack in the balustrade b.引起辛辣的评论______(3) successive beatings c.引发严重犯罪______(4) serious crimes d.导致栏杆出现裂纹______(5) loss in trade e.引起连续的败北______2. enhance(1) publicity for gazette a.提高稻田的产量______(2) quality of icebreakers b.提高社会地位______(3) productivity of the paddy c.提高破冰船的质量______(4) social status d.提高学术声望______(5) academic reputation e.加大政府公报的宣传______3. enumerate(1) causes of the debacle a.列举保险的好处______(2) names of Greek deities b.列举精神分裂症的类型______(3) types of schizophrenia c.列举新车的特点______(4) benefits of insurances d.列举溃败的原因______(5) features of the new car e.列举希腊诸神的名字______4. eschew(1) savage cannibals a.避开费力的苦差______(2) the demanding fag b.避免大规模暴力______(3) a major malfunction c.避开野蛮的食人者______(4) political discussion d.避免严重故障______(5) massive violence e.避开政治讨论______5. evince(1) business acumen a.显示出极高的智力______(2) caprice of character b.表现出古怪的想法______(3) eccentricity of ideas c.表明性格多变______(4) great intelligence d.表现出强烈的成功欲______(5)a strong desire to succeed e.显示出商业才干______ 2．副词+动词搭配练习1. endorse(1) abrasively a.熟练地批注______(2) adroitly b.过早地认可______(3) derogatorily c.别有用心地赞同______(4) prematurely d.粗暴地背后评论______(5) ulteriorly e.贬损地评论______2. energize(1) backbreakingly a.不冷不热地鼓励______(2) operatively b.费力地供应能量______(3) tepidly c.热情地激励______(4) torridly d.不断地鼓励______(5) incessantly e.有效地激励______3. enfold(1) agilely a.腼腆地拥抱______(2) bashfully b.紧张地围住______(3) edgily c.敏捷地围住______(4) enviably d.喜形于色地拥抱______(5) radiantly e.令人羡慕地拥抱______4. entreat(1) bemusedly a.垂头丧气地请求______(2) cerebrally b.急迫地恳求______(3) devoutly c.理智地恳求______(4) dispiritedly d.虔诚地请求______(5) pressingly e.茫然地请求______5. exalt(1) admissibly a.仁慈地提升______(2) banally b.可接受地赞扬______(3) benevolently c.中肯地赞扬______(4) mercenarily d.乏味地吹捧______(5) pertinently e.市侩地吹捧______。
2022-2023学年辽宁沈阳市东北育才学校科学高中部英语高三上期末联考试题含解析
2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．—I’m afraid I couldn’t go to your birthday party.I have a test next Monday. —Oh，！You’re my best friend and you must be there！A．go ahead B．come on C．you needn’t D．it doesn’t matter 2．---Shall we go for a picnic this Saturday？---_____________. Will next Saturday be OKA．Sure，it's up to you B．Sure，it's no problemC．Sorry，I can't make it D．Sorry，I'm not available today3．Frankly, I still feel confused about _________ he could manage without access to the Internet for such a long time.A．what B．why C．that D．how4．________ they choose Chinese company is that China has the most advanced technology of high speed railway in the world.A．When B．ThatC．Where D．Why5．She is such an irritating woman, I don’t know how you can ______ her.A．put up B．stand with C．stand up to D．put up with6．_____ at the differences between her culture and theirs, Annie wanted to return home. A．Confusing B．ConfusedC．Having confused D．To confuse7．Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A．is B．are C．is there D．are there 8．—Jack should have calmed down at the party!—But the kids made so much noise that he couldn’t help but _______.A．face the music B．eat like a birdC．mend his ways D．fly off the handle9．During each NBA season, basketball fans cheer on their favorite teams to make_______ through.A．it B．themC．that D．those10．— BoB．could I use your computer this evening?—Sorry. I a report on it then.A．will be writing B．have been writingC．have written D．will have written11．Have you read the book Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out by Mo Y an, _____ that won him the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature?A．the one B．one C．those D．ones12．— I wonder what chance there is of me passing by the old places without thinking of you.— ______. Time cures all wounds.A．My pleasure B．D on’t mention it C．I can’t agree more D．Never mind 13．her emotion, she buried her face in her hands．A．Controlled B．To control C．Being controlled D．Having controlled 14．She is a strong-willed woman and not once _______ in to any difficulty in her life. A．she has given B．did she give C．she gave D．has she given15．If you go to buy the top best-selling CD, please get ______ for me.A．one B．itC．this D．that16．I would not be seeing the film Green Book now _____ me up in time.A．were Kathy not to pick B．had Kathy not pickedC．if Kathy hasn’t picked D．if Kathy did not pick17．Due to a terrible flu that ________ on, many students don’t show up to school today. A．goes B．was going C．is going D．has gone18．Think carefully before you answer questions online. You may be ______ into giving away very important personal information.A．caught B．addictedC．seized D．trapped19．A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _____your muscles relaxed for over half an hour.A．to leave B．left C．leaving D．leave20．It's that time of year again，when Alipay ______ us just how much we've been spending，and on what．A．reminds B．remindedC．has reminded D．is reminding第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Immigrants Contributing to National Identity
Immigrants Contributing to NationalIdentityImmigrants have always played a significant role in shaping the national identity of their adopted countries. Whether it is through their cultural contributions, their work ethic, or their resilience in the face of adversity, immigrants have left an indelible mark on the societies in which they have settled. In this essay, we will explore the ways in which immigrants have contributed tothe national identity of their host countries, from both historical and contemporary perspectives. One of the most obvious ways in which immigrants have contributed to national identity is through their cultural influence. When immigrants arrive in a new country, they bring with them their traditions, language, food, music, and art. Over time, these cultural elements become integrated into the fabric of their new society, enriching and diversifying the national identity. For example, the United States is a melting pot of different cultures, with influences from all over the world shaping its national identity. From Italian pizza to Mexican tacos, from Irish folk music to African-American jazz, the cultural contributions of immigrants have become inseparable from the American identity. Moreover, immigrants have also made significant contributions to the economy and labor force of their host countries. Many immigrants arrivewith a strong work ethic and a willingness to take on jobs that native-borncitizens may not be willing to do. They often fill essential roles in industries such as agriculture, construction, healthcare, and hospitality, contributing tothe overall prosperity and productivity of their adopted nations. In the United States, for example, immigrants have played a crucial role in building thecountry's infrastructure, working in factories, and contributing to the growth of the economy. Furthermore, immigrants have also brought with them their unique perspectives and experiences, which have helped to broaden the cultural and intellectual landscape of their host countries. By sharing their stories and traditions, immigrants have challenged and expanded the dominant narratives oftheir new societies, fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of diversity. This, in turn, has contributed to the evolution of the nationalidentity, making it more inclusive and reflective of the multicultural reality of modern societies. In addition to their cultural and economic contributions, immigrants have also demonstrated remarkable resilience and determination in the face of adversity, which has had a profound impact on the national identity of their host countries. Many immigrants have fled war, persecution, or poverty in their homelands, seeking refuge and opportunity in new lands. Their ability to overcome hardship and build new lives for themselves and their families has been a source of inspiration and admiration, shaping the collective identity of their adopted nations. The stories of immigrants who have achieved success against the odds have become an integral part of the national narrative, embodying the values of perseverance, hope, and the pursuit of a better life. Furthermore, it is essential to acknowledge that the relationship between immigrants and national identity is not always straightforward or harmonious. Immigrants often face discrimination, prejudice, and hostility in their host countries, which can create tensions and divisions within society. These challenges can impact the extent to which immigrants are able to contribute to the national identity, as they may be marginalized or excluded from fully participating in the cultural, economic, and social life of their new home. It is crucial for host countries to address these issues and create inclusive and welcoming environments that allow immigrants to fully integrate and contribute to the national identity. In conclusion, immigrants have made significant and multifaceted contributions to the national identity of their host countries. From their cultural influence and economic contributions to their resilience and unique perspectives, immigrants have enriched and diversified the identities of their adopted nations. While the relationship between immigrants and national identity is complex and can be fraught with challenges, it is essential to recognize and celebrate the invaluable role that immigrants play in shaping the collective identity of modern societies. Embracing diversity and creating inclusive environments for immigrants to thrive is not only a moral imperative but also a means of enriching and strengthening the national identity for the benefit of all.。
Immigrants Shaping National Identity
Immigrants Shaping National Identity Immigrants have always played a significant role in shaping the national identity of the countries they migrate to. Their unique experiences, cultures, and contributions have a profound impact on the social, economic, and cultural fabric of their new home. This essay will explore the various perspectives on how immigrants shape national identity, taking into account both positive and negative aspects. From a cultural perspective, immigrants bring with them a rich tapestry of traditions, languages, and customs that enrich the national identity of their adopted country. They introduce new foods, music, art, and literature that add diversity and vibrancy to the cultural landscape. For example, the influence of Italian immigrants on American cuisine is evident in the popularity of pizza and pasta. Similarly, the contributions of African immigrants have greatly influenced American music, particularly jazz and hip-hop. These cultural exchanges not only enhance the national identity but also foster a sense of unity and pride among citizens. Economically, immigrants often play a crucial role in driving innovation and entrepreneurship, which in turn contributes to the economic growth of the host country. Many immigrants come with specialized skills and knowledge that fill gaps in the labor market, leading to increased productivity and competitiveness. For instance, Silicon Valley in the United States owes much ofits success to the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurs from countries like India and China. These individuals have not only created jobs but also fostered a culture of innovation and technological advancement. Furthermore, immigrants can also contribute to the social and political development of their new home. They bring fresh perspectives and experiences that challenge the status quo and promote social progress. Immigrants have been at the forefront of movements for civil rights, gender equality, and LGBTQ rights, advocating for a more inclusive and diverse society. Their active participation in the political process, through voting and running for office, helps shape policies that reflect the needs and aspirations of a multicultural society. However, it is important to acknowledge that the impact of immigration on national identity is not always positive. Some individuals and groups may perceive immigrants as a threat to their cultural, economic, or social values. This can lead to the rise of xenophobia,discrimination, and social tension. In such cases, immigrants may struggle to assimilate into the host society, facing barriers to employment, education, and social integration. These challenges can create a sense of alienation and exclusion, hindering their ability to shape the national identity positively. In conclusion, immigrants play a crucial role in shaping the national identity of the countries they migrate to. Their cultural contributions, economic impact, and social and political participation all contribute to a more diverse, dynamic, and inclusive society. However, it is essential for host countries to create an environment that fosters integration and acceptance, ensuring that immigrants can fully contribute to and shape the national identity in a positive way. By embracing diversity and promoting inclusivity, countries can harness the full potential of immigrants and build a stronger and more resilient national identity.。
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African Immigrants ProjectInterview transcriptionCyprian AnyanwuInterview date: July 17, 2000Location of interview: Dr. Anyanwu’s residence/rehab center in North PhiladelphiaCountry of origin: NigeriaEthnic group/language group: IboReligion: Roman CatholicProfession: Runs a drug and alcohol rehabilitation centerLevel of education: Medical schoolLocation of residence in Philadelphia: North PhiladelphiaDr. Anyanwu came to Philadelphia in 1963 to study at Temple University on a student visa. He had a scholarship from the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Eventually he switched to Saint Joseph’s University. During the Biafran War, he was able to change his status to an immigrant visa and become a permanent resident. From 1975-1981, he was in Mexico at medical school. He never practiced medicine in the States, but instead went into drug rehabilitation, working mainly in North Philadelphia.Dr. Anyanwu is active in local politics. Beginning in 1992, he served as a representative in the Mayor’s Office of Community Services. In 1999, he ran for City Council. In 1995, he formed the African Congress, a pan-African organization. He became a citizen in 1981.Interview TranscriptionInterviewer: Leigh Swigart (LS)Project Photographer: Vera Viditz-Ward (VW)Interviewee: Cyprian Anyanwu (CA)[START OF SIDE 1, TAPE 1]LS: Could you please tell me your name?CA: My name is Cyprian Anyanwu.LS: What is your ethnic group? I don’t recognize that name.CA: I am an Igbo man.LS: You’re an Igbo --- that’s what I thought. That’s what I had said to Vera [project photographer] ---- that I had thought that was Igbo.CA: I am Igbo.LS: Okay. Are there a lot of Igbos here?CA: Oh, yes. There are a lot of Igbos here. A lot of people. we used to call ourselves “Biafran”; that was from 1966 to 1970 and Biafra ceased to exist. We become part of --- we are still --- we get back to being Nigerians, as we always did.LS: I know there are a lot of Yorubas here ---CA: Yes.LS: --- because they have a very active ---CA: Absolutely.LS: --- association. I don’t know if there are Hausas and other… And so your native language is? CA: Igbo.LS: Which dialect?CA: Well, umm, it’s Igbo, I-g-b-o, Igbo.LS: But I thought there were different dialects like Ibibio and this and that ---CA: No, okay. Now, in Biafra section, in those days, they had Ibibio, we had the Efik and we have the Igbos. These are the three dialects that make up what we used to call Eastern Region of Nigeria.LS: Okay.CA: The Eastern Region of Nigeria.LS: Right.CA: But they speak different languages and I have said this only three languages that make up the old Eastern Region of Nigeria.LS: And when did you first come to the United States?CA: I came here August 23rd, 1963.LS: And you came after finishing secondary school there?CA: Immediately I graduated from secondary school, I came over here. I came under the auspices of Archdiocese of Philadelphia.LS: And how did that --- did you grow up in a city? Where did you grow up?CA: I grew up in a little city in Nigeria and it’s called Ugiri and that is where I went to school and then finished up there. From time I was nine years old, I lived with the priests, the reverend fathers over there, and from then I went to a school that is Catholic.LS: Were you in a boarding school?CA: Well, yes.LS: You were in a boarding school.CA: Umm-hmm.LS: Okay. Now how did this --- in 1963, how did people know about universities in the United States? Why did you not go to England instead of the United States? How did this all ---CA: Well, I would say that I’ve been --- uhh, always trying to find something new. I always wanted to do something different, I don’t know why, from many people. We were about two hundred and forty students in the boarding school. Of course, a lot of them were studying for GCE, for General Certificate of Education, according to British, they call it “GCE”. And we were studying for our school certificate also, which is generalized, everyone has to have done that, but meanwhile I am going to the library, picking up American text books, American books, American books, period. Unlike other students, until I picked up so many books and then I found a tough examination, I brought it to the principal of our school, who is a priest, Father Smith, Patrick Smith. So I showed it to him and said, “I want to take this exam.” And he said, “Okay.”LS: And where did you do that then?CA: Where I took the exam?LS: Yeah, where did you take it?CA: In one of the big cities, where there was American consulate. In, uhh, we call it Enugu. So that’s where I went for the exam. In fact that priest took me, like, almost one hundred miles away from my high school. He drove me in Volkswagen, we went down there, took the exam one day, finish it. Took like almost four months when the result came and while we were waiting for this I had written a letter to colleges. One of them was East Lansing, Michigan State University.LS: And how did you know about that? How did you choose ---CA: I picked it out from the library.LS: You just sort of saw different catalogues, different names ---CA: Yes, different catalogues, everything. I picked from the library. And I applied at Temple, applied at, I got East Lansing, I got University of UCLA and also I got Saint Joseph’s. I got Saint Joseph because there is a Catholic there, a Jesuit, I say that because the priest where we live is all Jesuits priests. So when I did that, the first school that gave me admission was Temple. And they also in that admission they said I was had to submit my TOEFL and when I filled out my TOEFL papers I have asked that they send results to these colleges that I applied and Temple gave me admission to come and do physical education. The reason for physical education is because as a senior student in my last year, I was a gymnast, I was an acrobat. In fact, I was in Olympics, I went to the Olympics in that year.LS: Wow!CA: And I did fifteen hundred meters, I did pole vault, I did four forty hurdles. Umm, these are the things I was active, very active and ---LS: Did you have an athletic scholarship?CA: Well, I have athletic scholarship from the Archdiocese. That’s why I came down here. But back home there was nothing like that, scholarship, back home, you know. So I came down here, when I came here I felt very ( ) that why should I go to Physical Education? That I am going to go to Biology, I’m going to make it in Biology. And that’s how I felt. I studied Biology at Temple, in 1964. And, in fact, 1964 I met Bill Cosby in two classes.LS: Oh, he was at Temple?CA: Yes.LS: I didn’t know that.CA: 1964. I was with him in English 101 and History of Western Civilization, but after that I didn’t see him again, we didn’t meet again. But however, in 1966, the war started in Nigeria and the scholarship that is in alliance with Archdiocese of Philadelphia and my own parish, in my own diocese, it was cut off because of the war. So the bishop from my home has to make arrangement with the bishop here, and they took most of us who were on scholarship, all the Biafrans in that time, and redistribute us to different colleges. And of course my choice was then Saint Joe’s, and that’s how I got to Saint Joe’s.LS: Oh, I see.CA: That was in 1968, because the war became very intensified in ‘66. By ‘68, I went to St. Joe’s, started at Saint Joe’s, on full scholarship at St. Joe’s.LS: That was a nice solution. So you finished at Saint Joe’s?CA: At Saint Joe’s, yes, in 1971, with the major in Chemistry and Biology. At least I choose my own major in Biology.LS: When you came here in the early sixties, what did you know about the United States and how did your experience here compare to what you had expected?CA: When I came here in 1963, I really, umm, let me say things were easy for us. Immediately we landed in New York City, we had four people waiting for us. One is a lawyer, one is a medical doctor, one is a man from International House, when International House was on 15th and Cherry. His name is Mr. Zimmerman. And one other man was from church. So they are four white people who were there waiting for students. And the minute I came they assigned me to these four people. This will be my lawyer, the man’s name --- I had him until he died in 1985 or 1986 --- Mr. George Gashenfield--- he was my international lawyer, international student lawyer. I have Mr. Rowcap, who was my Christian fellow. I have Dr. Raymond Silk, who is still practicing, who was my physician. And who else did I have? I had another man who was on the, on the social services or so --- I forgot that much --- oh, Mr. Fred, Fred, Fred… his first name is Fred. He moved to Los Angeles. That’s right. So we had these people. So immediately they took us from New York, drove down to Philadelphia. And from then we were affiliated to International House. Every Saturday, every Friday they pick us up --- I was living with my social --- Fred, this Fred --- I was living with him on Baltimore Avenue, again, in 1963 Baltimore was a paradise. LS: Really?CA: Oh, my God. Baltimore was unbelievable --- it was just a piece of beauty in Baltimore, Baltimore Avenue, around that area, Woodland, there used to be some hospital, a big hospital there in those days. And it was really a wonderful place, but now it’s not worth it.LS: Yeah, it’s coming back little by little.CA: So I was living there, going to school at Temple, and every weekend we get to suburban area, like, uhh, to farmlands, you know, that’s where we spent our weekends for over two years.LS: So you were in a program that you lived with somebody, you went to Temple, and they had all kinds of arrangements ---CA: Exactly --- every weekend.LS: With other Nigerians?CA: Well, many, many of them, yes, many of ---LS: But other Africans, it was for African students?CA: West African students, yes, it was not only myself, many, many of us. And like I said we came on student --- student --- what you call it --- F-10 or F-1, whatever they call it, student visa. So we must goto school and all these people are helping us so we never really had anything disturbing us. We did not have to have a job or look for one because everything was very much ---LS: Taken care of ?CA: Yes, it was. And that continued, it continued, and in fact it was in 1969 or 1970 --- ’69, ’70 --- when the war raged so much that the immigration called all the Biafran people, those from original Biafra to come and get immigrant visa. You know, because we were all on student visa. So, by, when the war had disturbed so many of our people, and so forth, they decide that they give us immigrant visa. And all of us were sworn in as immigrants. That was in 1971. I mean 1970, 1970.LS: So you mean you had more permanent --- ?CA: Permanent Resident visa.LS: So they thought you were in sort of a refugee kind of --- ?CA: Yes, well, that’s their thinking. We didn’t apply that. They just wrote us letters, you know, different people and ---LS: I see ---CA: And I ( ) by the time ( ) I went ( ).LS: So did you go home during this time at all?CA: I didn’t go home until 1971 when I graduat --- 1974. 1971, I graduated from Saint Joe’s. I was recruited by Selanese (?) Plastic Company as a chemical engineer and was posted in Summit, New Jersey. LS: Where is that?CA: Summit, in North Jersey, in North Jersey area, near Newark area. I was in Research --- in fact, I have my resume here I’m going to give to you --- anyway, I was in Research and Development, chemical engineer. From there I also started my Masters Degree at Fairleigh Dickinson University at that time, but in 1973, we received a letter from the head of the Nigerian government, at that time General Gowon. And he had written a letter and that letter was delivered to me in Philadelphia. I wasn’t here and they came down to Jersey where I was and gave me the letter that I am wanted to come down to United Nation to see the ambassador, Nigerian Ambassador to UN. I was afraid because I took an active part in the civil war, during Nigerian Civil War. I was running a Biafra organization trying to lobby for money, where I raised over at least 1.5 million dollars in medical supplies, and so forth, which I sent to Biafra during that time. So I went down to New York and interrogation becomes a very good thing. They interrogated me what did I do during the civil war, how did I head, did I lobby for ammunition, I said, “No, I was just helping, trying to get food and medical supplies for people.” And after the interview --- did it take about three months --- I was given an appointment as a special envoy to Nigerian government in oil industry, OPEC. So I got that job from March of ’74 --- March of ’73, I’m sorry --- so I work for the Nigerian government, touring all over the world.LS: You were based in Nigeria, though?CA: No, I was based in New York, in U.S., United Nations, working under the ambassador of Nigeria. LS: Based in New York and you traveled all over?CA: I traveled all over. I go to Nigeria twice, at least two times in a month, depending on where I am. I may be in Mexico, I may be in England, I may be in France --- whatever. Umm, so I did that from 1973 to 1975. And I did contribute a lot in Nigeria, really, there’s no doubt about it, because whenever I go to Nigeria there’s a lot of government people still remember who I am, my name and so forth. So in 1975, the civil war came up again, where the government of Gowon was overthrown by the military. So I became disenchanted with what I was doing, I went to medical school. That is when I went to Mexico for medical school. And stayed in Mexico from 1975 to 1981, when I graduated from med ---LS: Where in Mexico?CA: First I started with Ciudad Juarez, that is where I did my basic sciences, and then I transferred to, it’s called, Santo Domingo. Santo Domingo, and finished my medical school there.LS: Why did you want to go to Mexico?CA: Well, because it was tough. I remember in 1971, before I got my job with Selanese Plastic Company, I applied in five schools, medical schools here. And the response from medical school is that they have me --- personally, I know for other Africans --- they had me on waiting list, until most black Americans cancel out in most of those schools. Because during that year, ’70, ’71, ’72, was when the Federal government made it that black people, African Americans ---LS: Quota ---CA: Yeah, quota system --- that they should be admitted to medical school. So, Temple here is one of the schools I applied; they put me on waiting list. I applied at Harvard; they had me on waiting list. Medical College of Pennsylvania, which is MCP; they had me on waiting list. And they are writing that if any of the black people who applied cancels out then they will help me, but apparently no one canceled out so I did not have the opportunity in ’71. So this time, the years ’71, ’72 more blacks be coming ( ) medical application and so forth. And the room for Africans become a little down. So that’s why I went to Mexico.LS: So how was your experience there? Did you like it?CA: Oh, I love it, I tell you. I’ve never --- I speak Spanish, I love it. It took me three months to really get to learn Spanish.LS: So you went there and learned Spanish and you went into courses?CA: Yes, yes.LS: Sounds wonderful.CA: I love it, in fact.LS: When you came back here, you had to be re-certified?CA: Well, yeah, when I came back here, we finished our two year --- according to the agreement between the American Medical Association with Mexico medical schools, they say all US citizens or immigrants will have to take their rotation, their clinical block of medical school here. So I did all my clinical block. In fact, after three years there, I came here, I did a year, complete whole year at Rolling Hill Hospital, which is in Elkins Park, and that is where I did my oncology, internal medicine, I did OB-GYN there, and then I did my pediatrics at Saint Christopher’s Hospital for three months, and Eugenia? Hospital. I did another internal medicine, surgery, and radiology at Einstein Southern Division, when Einstein was around, and I completed all my requirements for clinical block. Of course, I did not take the exam immediately. I completed all the requirements and left , went to Nigeria in 1983. But before I left I did my post doctorate fellowship in nuclear medicine at Temple here. And I went back to Nigeria to practice medicine, which I practice there from 1983 to 1986. I came back here. When I came back here, I did not take that exam again. I mean, I did try but I failed the ( ) --- that ( ) exam which I took it, I failed. Because I had been practicing in OB-GYN, which was my specialty in Nigeria, I noticed that drug activities were not only here, but were rampant back home. And I delivered so many fetuses that were very, very low or have different pathologically, very, very bad deformed. So when I came here because, again, of the opportunity that we have in this country that we don’t have any other place, I decided that I’m going to go into DAA, Drug and Alcohol Program, to educate women who are pregnant and still abusing drugs. That’s how I formed the AB Associates. And first of all, before I did, that I worked with ( ) and Misericordia Medical Center, in detox and rehab units, to get myself familiar with the drug activities here. And then, in 1989, I went to the state and formed the AB Associates Rehabilitation for Women and we get license from that time.LS: And that’s what you’ve been doing ever since?CA: Yes, since that time. So I’ve never really practiced medicine in this country.LS: That’s interesting. And so still your thing is mostly for women?CA: Yes, but this year we extended it to men, also, because we feel that there disparity in men. So we have eighteen men next door --- 1523 --- and we have six mental health dual diagnosed people who are --- LS: So next door is like a hospice, a thing for people under rehabilitation?CA: Yes, under rehabilitation.LS: How many people can you have in there?CA: We can have twenty-one, but we have only eighteen here now. All males. And in this one here, we have four females who are actually dual diagnosed.LS: Now do you work with a lot of HIV?CA: Oh yes, we do not discriminate anybody. We accept them, no discrimination, whatever they have. LS: Now, I don’t know anything about how these things work. Where does the funding come from for these people’s rehabilitation?CA: Let’s put it this way: one of the unique situation about my program here is that in as much we are waiting for state funding, which the state don’t give us directly. They give it to the city, and the discrimination is there. The city disposing the money, depends on whom you know. Really, in many cases, because I know that when we had provisional license from then state to do what we are doing, there are other agencies who had provisional licenses and they were funded but we were not funded because I happened to be the first minority, the first black, to go to Harrisburg to get license to run drug and alcohol in Southeastern Pennsylvania.LS: You mean not a foreign black but any black?CA: Any black, any black. The first, I am still the first one, to get a license to do drug and alcohol program. We have one black man, but he is a difference. We are inpatient, non-hospital. We have another black man who has outpatient program. And that’s the other black man I know, who has outpatient, butthere is a big difference. The policy and procedure for outpatients is different from inpatients. Inpatient is so much involved. And because of the fact that I was the first minority, I knew that we need funding, it was not forthcoming. So we asked women, and that again contribute to my great success with the women that came to the program here. We had ( ) over two thousand women from the day we started up to at least 1995. We have a lot recovery people, with ten years recovery, with no relapse. Seven year recovery, no relapse. Most of our women today are working with the city here, in Mayor’s Office. Some are working with other drug treatment programs. The reason is because, I foresaw what is going to happen with DPA. I foresaw it in 1987, and by 1989 when we opened here, the women were using the $89 that they are given from DPA and they given $85 to pay their way for their program and they used their food stamp to buy their food. This is how we managed it from that time until 1995.LS: What is DPA?CA: Department of Public Welfare, the welfare they get. Because of the fact that these women have to give up the only penny, the only income they have, to pay their way in recovery, they can not spare the spade. They know that they have to get better.LS: And men won’t do that as much?CA: Men [laughs], men would not do that.LS: Interesting. Now what about the demographics of the people you serve? They are mostly African American?CA: Mostly African American, yes, mostly. About eighty percent of people we see here are African Americans. Another fifteen percent are Hispanics, and maybe two percent are Caucasians, about five percent. We have only have a very few foreigners in this program.LS: Are you a citizen?CA: Yes, I am.LS: And that’s why you don’t have a problem --- if you had not been a citizen, you might not been able to interact with the social services?CA: Well, again, it depends on person’s and personalities and how you look at yourself, And, of course, if you weren’t a citizen it would be difficult for many people to --- Even now with my accent, people still tease me that I am a foreigner, “you are a foreigner,” you know.LS: When did you become a citizen?CA: ‘81.LS: So how long have you been living here in North Philadelphia?CA: Since --- in 1982, in North Philadelphia, we bought the property here, and then in 1989 I moved in and opened the place. Prior to that I was in Melrose Park. I was living in Melrose Park.LS: And do you live with any other family members here?CA: No.LS: And do you have any relatives in the Philadelphia area?CA: Let me tell you, Ms., uhh, Swigart?LS: Yes, Swigart.CA: One of the things that God has done to me is he gave me a vision when I came here. When I came here, I was just a novice. I did not have a mentor, other than those white people who were helping us, and I copied their ways about what they doing for the foreigners. It took me under two years before I lobby to get my first brother to this country. I have to go back Archdiocese and beg them. I say, “I have a brother who is in a secondary school. I want to get him here.” I had two pastors to help me to sign an affidavit to support him, and he got a scholarship at Saint Joe’s. Then, in 1972, uhh, 1970, when the war ended, I went down to Saint Charles Seminary, because of my affiliation with Saint Joe’s, and begged them to open up a scholarship for Biafran people. And it happens that I happen to be fortunate. One of mybrothers again took advantage of the scholarship and another person from Biafra took advantage of secondary scholarship before they closed it. So I have helped two people to come here, my brother and another person. And my other brother, who is in the seminary back home, the Archdiocese, Saint Charles Borromeo seminary here, they tried to help him and he came here. Now, with all those brothers, and then my sister, my older sister, was married with thirteen children, and her husband is a superintendent of a school. But there is suffering down there, with thirteen children. So I went down to Holy Family College and begged them to give my sister a scholarship. They gave my sister a full scholarship, and she came here with a baby, three months old at that time.LS: And the other kids were there?CA: Yes, the other kids were there, and the husband. So, I brought all these people. Now, then we say, I am sitting a goldmine, because anything I want from my brothers or nephews --- [LS laughs] I have a nephew who --- this is one of my nephews here who is an Ophthalmologist, graduated from Temple here. He listen to anything I want. Even they tell me, “retire, retire, retire” because I am, actually I am 56 years, I don’t have to retire. But, however, any, anybody, anything I want from these boys, they will come. In fact, there is an architect, one of my nephews --- I have five nephews here. One is in the military, and the other four: a doctor, four architects. They got all good jobs here. And my two brothers --- the one that was in seminary, unfortunately, he did not complete. He finished his senior seminary and when it was time for him to be ordained, he said he’s not going be a priest anymore. He is now a lawyer in California. And my second brother, who took advantage of the scholarship at Saint Joe’s, he is a big business man who goes in and out of Nigeria. And my sister, of course, went to school at Holy Family here, a psychologist. So I have ---LS: Did she go back to Nigeria?CA: No, she went back but now she is here.LS: And she brought all her children?CA: All of them, all of them.LS: And her husband was happy to come?CA: Yes. So, eventually, I have these people who come to my rescue. So this time, during this elections that I went through, the bulk of money and time were put to by my nephews, who were running around with me everywhere I go. So I have been very fortunate. And like I said, I copied this from my host family. In those days, because the way they put their heart out to help us who are foreigners. And I figure why, if I am learning this from them, then I am going to help. It happens to be my relatives, but there are so other many Nigerians that I signed. When I was in the government, I signed for them to come over to this country. Because, Immigration honoured all of my petitions to get people here, those days. But things are not what they seem, not anymore.LS: How did you get involved in local politics? How did that happen?CA: In 1992, they threw up a paper around the area and that they need some people to file and to be elected, to be representative in Mayor’s Office of Community Services here, in about four zip codes within the area. So I filled it up and circulated the petition. A lot of people signed it. And I contested, we were about six of us who contested, two females and four males. And I won the election in 1992. So I became a representative of Mayor’s Office. And, in 1995 again, another election came up. I decided that I am going to contest again. This time, it was about seven of us and I beat the other six and won the second term. And then I have been serving on Mayor’s Office of Community Services since then until 1998, I mean 1999, when I decided that I was going to run for City Council. And again I have been absorbed and been very much interested in advocating for homelessness, and for women who abusing drugs and don’t know what to do. And if you remember, one of the reasons why I formed this organizations in ’89 was because there was this disparity of females’ programs in those days. And I was the first female program. In fact, before, in 1995, Governor Casey gave five hundred thousand dollars to Episcopal Hospital to open up Beacon House. Otherwise, I was absorbing all the patients from Temple,Episcopal, Einstein. If you see my register, it’s all those institutions before 1995, when they got big money and opened up Beacon House for Females with Children.LS: And so would you ever consider running for City Council again?CA: Well, let me tell you, I don’t know if I will. But I continue to be very active in many things --- [END OF SIDE 1, TAPE 1]。