英文合同练习参考答案

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英文合同练习参考答案

Herexx的說明(注：标记为红色的为不确定答案，其余均为在书上找到原题或有据可依的，当然，此答案仅供大家参考,有异议的欢迎到群里讨论)Choose the best answer:1. The invoice value is to be paid A arrival of the goods.A. uponB. afterC. ofD. at2. All the activities of both parties shall A the contractual stipulations.A. abide byB. comply withC. obeyD. satisfy3. The following terms used in this rules shall have the meanings D assigned to themA. hereofB. heretoC. hereunderD. herein4. If no such Chinese law D exist to govern a particular matter relating to this Contract, then general international practices shall be final.A. shallB. shouldC. mayD. 不填5. Both parties agree that change the time of shipment D August and change US dollar Sterling..A. into…toB. to…toC. from…toD. to…into6. The Employer A covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects the Contract Price.A. hereby...thereinB. herein...thereinC. hereby...therebyD. hereof...thereof7. This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between AA Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and BB Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B), on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and B amicable consultation.A. onB. throughC. afterD. with8. C Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights to use, manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patented Technology;A. whereofB. wherebyC. whereasD. wherein9. The Commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the date in the third month ＿＿D to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date.A. thereofB. theretoC. thereforD. thereafter10. The Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company shall C upon the expiration of the joint venture term .A. wind upB. concludeC. terminateD. end11. Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions B, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.A. hereinB. hereofC. hereby . hereto12. B any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor intends to claim any additional payment, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of his intention.A. althoughB. notwithstandingC. ifD. nevertheless13. The board meeting shall be B and presided over by the Chairman1.A. assembledB. calledC. gatheredD. summoned14. Bank charges1 D transfers are payable by the first beneficiary2 unless otherwise specified by the bank.A. as regards toB. concerningC. aboutD. in respect of15. Instructions given by the Engineer shall be in writing. B if the Engineer considers it necessary to give any such instruction orally ,the Contractor shall comply with such instruction.A. in case thatB. in condition ofC. whenD. provided that16. The B Seller and Buyer1 have agreed to close the following transaction 2 in accordance with the termsand conditions stipulated as follows:A. followingB. undermentionedC. undersignedD. listed17. The sellers shall effect insurance for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War RiskC the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China.A. withB. ofC. as perD. as of18. The L/C is to be opened B Party A’s favor and must reach Party A not later than May 4, 2001..A. at B. in C. to D. for19. Insurance is to be effected C sellers 110% the invoice value All Risks.A. with, for, of, againstB. to, of , for, withC. by, for, of, againstD. in ,about, of , for20. All the additional premium shall be B the buyer’s account.A. onB. forC. atD. of21. Payment terms are by irrevocable L/C for 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, payableB at sight.A. with draftB. by draftC. for draftD. to draft22.If the buyer C concluding business direct with Party A, Party A may do so.A. insists inB. insists toC. insists onD. insists of23. Both Parties shall B the terms and conditions agreed upon.A. carry onB. carry outC. take onD. take out24. The term of the lease shall be ten years, commencing from the date of the B/L __D___in Article 4.A. referringB. referring toC. referD. referred to25. This agreement is A in quadruplicate, each party holding two copies.A. made outB. made onC. made intoD. made off26. The joint venture should apply for the extension of term of operation CA. b efore expiration six monthsB. b efore six months expirationC. s ix months before expirationD. six months expiration before27. All insurance D shall be paid from the Company’s total business income.A. sumB. premiumC. moneyD. proceeds28. In such case, no party shall have any claim for damages or other compensation from any party and this agreement shall be considered D from the beginning.A. valid and voidB. full and effectC. effective and validD. null and void29. The C grants to the an exclusive to make products throughout the territory.A. licensee, licensed, licensee, licensorB. licensee, licensor, licensed, licenseC. licensor, licensee, license, licensed,D. licensor, license, licensed, licensee30. Side B should guarantee that no information A this contract shall be transferred to a third country.A. underB. withC. toD. on31. All disputes arising from the implementation of or related C preferable shall be settled through friendly consultation between the parties.A. herewithB. heretoC. hereofD. herein32. All disputes in connection with this contract or the execution C shall be settled by friendly negotiation between the two parties.A. thereinB. theretoC. thereofD. thereon33. The arbitration expenses shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise _ __D_ by the arbitration organization.A. specifiedB. judgedC. assignedD. awarded34. Should the Seller fails to A the contracted obligations 10 weeks after the aforesaid incident; the Buyer shall have the right to treat the contract as null and void.A. performB. finishC. executionD. delivered on35. “Joint Venture” means a B usually temporary but sometimes permanent, formed by two or more persons or companies.A. factoryB. partnershipC. firmD. organization36. Some customers requested us to D our price because they considered it too high.A. make downB. get downC. take downD. bring down37. Insurance if to be D by the buyer if a transaction is concluded on FOB or CFR basis.A. takenB. coveredC. doneD. made38. Please D the shipping marks are in strict conformity with those in the L/C.A. noticeB. be certainC. see your way toD. see to it that39. The A of 10% the proceeds is to be paid only after the goods have been inspected and approved at the port of destination.A. balanceB.cashC. moneyD.income40. The sellers shall effect insurance for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War Risk C the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China.A. withB. ofC. as perD. as of41. The decision of the arbitration shall be accepted as final and D upon both Parties.A. boundB. bindedC. boundedD. binding42. The sellers are allowed to B 5% more or less and the price shall be calculated according to the unit price.A. makeB. loadC. add up toD. unload43. The stipulations of the L/C should D those of the contract.A. agree toB. agree inC. agree onD. agree with44. The L/C is to be opened B Party A’s favor and must reach Party A not later than May 4, 2001..A. at B. in C. to D. for45. We shall D if you will do your best to promote this new product of ours.A. enjoyB. please itC. appreciateD. appreciate it46. The Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company shall terminate__B_ the expiration of the joint venture term.A. toB. uponC. o fD. for47. We A certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.A. herebyB. wherebyC. hereD. that48. Either Party hereto may terminate this Agreement D the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party.A. shouldB. whenC. ifD. in the event of49. when the Buyer is entitled to determine1 the time with a specified period and/or the place of taking delivery , the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice A .A. wherebyB. hereinafterC. thereofD. hereto50. "Contract Products " means the products A in Appendix to this Contract.A. specifiedB. specifyingC. that being specifyD. specify51. If one or more of the following event of default1 ( B called "Event of Default") occurs or occur or continues or continue, the Agent and the Bank shall be entitled to the remedies specified in Sub-Clause 11.2 of the AgreementA. thereforB. hereinafterC. wherebyD. hereto52. In witness D , the parties hereto have caused their respective duly authorized representatives to execute the Agreement on the 5th of May in the year of 2005.A. whereasB. hereunderC. theretoD. whereof53. The board meeting C be called and presided over by the Chairman.A. shouldB. mustC. shallD. can54. A sales contract refers to a contract A the sellers transfers the ownershipof an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.A. wherebyB. thatC. whichD. what55. The Contract, made out, in Chinese and English, both version being equally authentic, by and between the Seller and the Buyer whereby the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the under－mentioned goods subject to terms and_C___ set forth hereinafter as follows:A. clausesB. bindingC. conditionsD. exceptions56. The appendices B that are drawn up in accordance with the principles stipulated in this Contract, including the Technology Transfer Contract, are all integral parts of this Contract.A. hereofB. heretoC. hereunderD. herein57.The terms FOB, CFR, or CIF shall be subject to the International Rules for the INCOTERMS 2000 provided by ICC unless otherwise stipulated DA. hereofB. heretoC. hereunderD. herein58. when the Buyer is entitled to determine1 the time with a specified period and/or the place of taking delivery , the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice A .A. wherebyB. hereinafterC. thereofD. hereto59. Parts and components either to be supplied by Party A or to be purchased in Guangzhou by Party B are C the list attached.A. as forB. as toC. as perD. as yet60. On taking over the products, your representatives shall give us a RECEIPT_B___ that the finished products have been inspected.A. certifiedB. certifyingC. having been certifiedD. being certified61. An irrevocable Letter of Guarantee will be issued in your favor by the Bank of China to C timely payment of the installments with the intst due.A. demandB. claimC. guaranteeD. offer62.This Agreement is made out in A the Chinese English languages, each in two originals and one original of each is to be held by Party A and Party B.A. both, andB. either, orC. not only, but also,D. neither, nor63. In the primary term of a financial lease, the B cover the full cost of the equipment, plus the interest and the Lessor’s profit.A. incomeB. rentalsC. cashD. expenses64. The defaulting party shall be liable to B the terminating party the financial losses caused by such a breach.A. payB. payingC. be paidD. being paid65. Chinese construction firms have A technical and managerial personnel in various constructions.A. qualifiedB. qualifyingC. qualifyD. unqualified66. Contracts shall be B the bidder whose quotation is considered to be most advantageous to Ethiopian Government.A. awarding toB. awarded toC. awarding ofD. awarded in67. The tenders Committee C the right to reject any or all quotations received.A. is keepingB. is maintainingC. reservesD. reserve68. The two firms agreed to D a joint venture in China.A. embarkB. intendC. engageD. enter into69. The company is a B liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic ofChina.A. limitB. limitedC. limitingD. incorporation70. A joint venture D a loan shall satisfy some conditions.A. appliedB. applied forC. applyingD. applying for71. The Chinese Corp shall apply to the relevant departments for reductions or exemptions with regard to business and income C and customs on imports and exports.A. tariffs; dutiesB. duties, taxesC. taxes, dutiesD. duties, tariffs72. We have to C Contract No. 180 because of the Force Majeure incident.A. endB. finishC. terminateD. complete73. Insurance on the wages and salaries of the staff and workers shall be at the discretion of the A of directors.A. BoardB. GroupC. MassD. Pile74. The “Equipment” as used D shall mean the following.A. hereofB. heretoC. herewithD. herein75. The number of overseas offices of the Bank of China has increased to 25, C 18 are in Asia, 6 in Europe and 1 in the United States.A. whichB. on whichC. of whichD. from which76. The L/C is to be opened B Party A’s favor and must reach Party A not la ter than May 4, 2001..A. at B. in C. to D. for77. Payment is to be made by an Irrevocable Sight L/C C 2000 M/Ts of steel.A. underB. againstC. coveringD. as per78. Insurance is to be effected C sellers 110% the invoice value All Risks.A. with, for, of, againstB. to, of , for, withC. by, for, of, againstD. in ,about, of , for79. The contract stipulates that shipment is to be made within one month A receipt of the L/C.A. afterB. duringC. beforeD. for80. All the additional premium shall be B the buyer’s account.A. onB. forC. atD. of81. The buyer lodged a claim against the shipping company D the loss sustained in transit.A. to, toB. before, onC. of, withD. against, for82 Payment terms are by irrevocable L/C for 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, payableB at sight.A. with draftB. by draftC. for draftD. to draft83.If the buye ___C______concluding business direct with Party A, Party A may do so.A. insists inB. insists toC. insists onD. insists of84. In the event of any breach of the terms by one party, the other party C to claim the termination of this Agreement.A. are entitledB. be entitledC. is entitledD. entitles85. We must make a liberal allowance B such unforeseen circumstances arising during transit.A. offB. forC. onD. of86. Your claim for the loss sustained is to be C with the insurance company.A. metB. compensatedC. filedD. satisfied87. Party B undertakes to compensate Party A for the contract amount by exporting __A 3,000 cartons of Canned Asparagus.A. in two lotsB. in two lotC. with two lotsD. with two lot88. The stipulations of this reciprocal L/C shall be in C with those in this Agreement.A. conformationB. confirmationC. conformityD. conform89. The B/L is to be made out to D and blank endorsed.A. instructionB. offerC. markD. order90.export credit are usually financed in the currency of the B country, but there have been occasions where US dollars were used instead.A. importB. exportC. thirdD.importer’s91.terms and conditions shall be D mutual discussion and agreed upon between party A and party BA. subjectedB. subjectC. subject forD. subject to92. both parties shall solve any problems C from the contract in co-operative manner.A. risingB. risenC. arisingD. ariesn93. party A and party B shall be B by the final decision made by arbitration.A. bindingB.boundC.bomeD. bom94.we must ___A_______ for all consequence arising therefrom.A. hold you responsibleB. ask you to respectC. keep you responsibilityD. request you reliable95. the issues related to taxed will be_D____in accordance with the taxation laws in chins.A. dealtB. dealt inC. dealt toD. dealt with96.the company shall open a foreign exchange___B______ with the bank of china.A.account depositB. depositC. money accountD. current account97.the joint managerial institution ___C______ six members.pose ofposed ofC. is cpmposed ofD. is cpmposed98.in our country, the right to make new laws is vested_D_____ the people’s congress.A.onB. toC. atD. in99.the bank will, as_B_____by the national policies, laws and regulations, give joint venture active support.A. called atB. called forC.called forthD. called off100.performance bond amounting to 10% of the total value of the works_C_____ is required when signing the contract.A.bidding uponB.bade uponC. bid uponD. bidded upon。

合同填制英语总结参考答案版

-1--2--3-term of payment信用证到达时间：于装运期前30天送达卖方to reach the Sellers 30 days before the date of shipment信用证有效期及议付地点：议付有效期至上述装运期后15天在中国到期to remain valid for negotiation in China within 15 days after shipment综合描述例子如下（经典句型）：凭全额发票金额的保兑的不可撤消的可转让的可分割的By 100% confirmed, irrevocable, transferable, divisible sight L/C to reach即期信用证。

信用证应于装运前30天送达卖方其议付有the Sellers 30 days before shipment, remain valid negotiation in China效期至上述装运期后15天在中国议付有效。

within 15 days （till the 15th day)after the last date of shipment/final shipment练习：1.不可撤销的即期信用证 1.By irrevocable L/C at sight/By irrevocalbe L/C available by draft at sight2.凭不不可撤消即期信用证付款，于装运期前一个月开 2.By irrevocalbe L/C at sight to reach the Sellers a month before(prior to)到卖方，并于上述装运期后15天内在中国议付有效。

the time of shipment and remain valid for negotiation in China within 15 days after/untill the 15th day after the date of shipment.3.不可撤销即期信用证付款，议付有效期为装运期后15 3.By irrevocable L/C available by draft at sight to remain valid for negotiation in天内在中国议付有效。

商务英语合同第二版课后习题答案

商务英语合同第二版课后习题答案Business English Contract Second Edition Exercise AnswersExercise 11. The parties agree to adjust the payment terms to 30 days from the date of invoice.2. The supplier is responsible for providing all necessary documentation for customs clearance.3. The contract is valid for a period of two years and may be renewed by mutual agreement.4. The buyer shall bear all costs associated with shipping and delivery.5. The seller guarantees that the products will be delivered in good condition and within the agreed-upon timeframe.Exercise 21. The contract specifies the rights and responsibilities of both parties.2. The contract outlines the payment terms and schedule.3. The contract includes clauses regarding termination and renewal.4. The contract defines the scope of work and deliverables.5. The contract includes provisions for resolving disputes and conflicts.Exercise 31. The buyer agrees to purchase a minimum of 100 units per month.2. The seller guarantees the quality of the products and agrees to replace any defective items.3. The buyer is responsible for inspecting the goods upon delivery and notifying the seller of any issues.4. The seller shall provide technical support and training as needed.5. The buyer agrees to pay a 50% deposit upon signing the contract and the remaining balance upon delivery.Exercise 41. The contract specifies that all disputes shall be resolved through arbitration.2. The contract outlines the process for terminating the agreement.3. The contract includes a confidentiality clause to protect sensitive information.4. The contract specifies the governing law in case of any legal conflicts.5. The contract outlines the process for amending or modifying the agreement.Exercise 51. The contract includes a force majeure clause to address unforeseen circumstances.2. The contract outlines the process for making changes to the scope of work.3. The contract includes provisions for confidentiality and data protection.4. The contract specifies the rights and responsibilities of both parties in case of breach.5. The contract includes provisions for indemnification and liability.In conclusion, the Business English Contract Second Edition contains comprehensive exercise questions that cover a range of topics related to contract management. By completing theseexercises and reviewing the answers, students can enhance their understanding of key concepts and principles in business contracts.。

国际商务合同双语教程-章后习题参考答案

参考答案Chapter 11．选择(1) C (2) P (3) C (4) B (5) D (6) B (7) P (8) C(9) D (10) A2.填空(Gap-filling)(1) agreement (2) memorandum (3) adverse interests (4) provisions (5) formation (6) values and practices (7) legal systems (8) mutual understanding (9) rights and obligations (10) choice of remedies3．讨论(Discussion)略Chapter 21.不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货主都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日(如承运人需要），无间断地供货和提货。

货主对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。

2.Chapter 3略Chapter 4I. Translate the following sentences into English:1.The Chairman shall have a casting vote in the event that the votes are equallydivided in the Board of Directors.2.In the event of any violation of this Agreement by either party，the other is entitled to receive the compensation for damage caused thereby.3．Contract price shall mean the global price referred to in Article ( •••) subject to such additions thereto or deductions therefrom as may be made under the provisions hereinafter contained.4.The requirement for minimum production or payment of royalties in lieu shall be prorated.5.Such sale and purchase shall be made subject to the following.6.The parties，in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained，do hereby agree as follows.7.The real estate consists of the land together with all buildings and improvements thereon.8.The Engineer shall be paid therefor at standard prices fixed by the Company.9.No Officer or Director shall have any interest in any trademarks or trade names used in or pertaining to the business of Seller.10.On failure to comply with such demand this, obligation shall be deemed to be due and payable immediately-II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese ：1.制造商可采取向其增加一种或几种商品并固定其市价的方法,修改或改变本价目表。

英文版练习答案

英⽂版练习答案Task 2Case Two:This contract was not concluded effectively. Item 1 of Article 19 of the CISG indicates, “A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection to the offer and constitutes a counter-offer.In this case, though Mr. Johnson accepted Mr. Anderson's offer, his acceptance contained some additions to and modifications of the offer; for example, Mr. Anderson asked for “telegraphic transfer", Mr. Johnson sent the money to the bank to be kept there. According to Item 3 of Article 19 of the CISG, alteration to the mode of payment is material one, thus Mr. Johnson might keep silent and reject the acceptance.Case three:1) As Italy and China are both members of the Convention, the case should be governed by the Convention;2) Company B’s acceptance was a late acceptance due to its delayed delivery;3) According to the Convention, a late acceptance due to its delayed delivery is still effective unless the offeror immediately informs the offeree of the late arrival and ineffectiveness of the acceptance;4) As the price of Sunflower Seeds in the international market was rising, Company A should not be willing to sell the goods as per the quoted price;5) To prevent the formation of the contract, Company A should inform Company B immediately that its acceptance was late and had been void.Case three1) As Britain and China are both members of the Convention, the case should be governed by the Convention;2) According to the Convention, Company B’s acceptance of June 3 was a conditional acceptance and it had made a material alteration to the offer of June 1;3) The acceptance of June 3 was actually a counter-offer, which had made the offer of June 1 void;4) Company B’s acceptance of June 5 was not effective for the offer of June 1 had been void already;5) Company B’s acceptance of June 5 should be taken as a new offer;6) Company A might accept this new offer if it were willing to conclude the transaction on the quoted terms and conditions, or reject this offer or make a counter- offer when the terms and conditions were unacceptable;7) A contract was not formed between Company A and Company B and Company A did not need to sell the goods as per the conditions in the offer of June 1 or to make any compensation to Company B.Task 44.4 A:1) 500台⾦星牌TS328型电视机，PAL/BG制式，220伏50赫兹，⼆相圆柱型插头，带遥控器，其他详细质量参见所附第TS1028号说明书。

商务英语函电与合同答案

Appendix 1Keys to exercisesChapter 31.1.咱们从中国国际贸易增进会得知贵公司的名称和地址。

2.咱们愿意在平等互利的基础上与贵方成立贸易关系。

3.感激你方及时回答。

4.咱们将调查一下你方这种新产品的销售可能性。

5.新型号一上市，咱们定将和你方联系。

6.随函寄去我方价目表两份。

7.他们将同有关部门联系此事。

8.贵公司已由日本东京商会推荐给我公司。

9.九月十七日邮件已收到，谢谢。

我方愿意与你方商讨扩大贸易的可能性。

10.我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方成立商业关系。

11.咱们相信，贵我两边的业务将随着时间的推移而取得发展。

12.咱们得知你们是动物副产品的大供货商。

13.如你方能帮忙咱们的产品开拓你方市场，咱们不胜感激。

14.咱们愿意在平等互利，互通有无的基础上与贵5成立业务关系。

15.咱们乐于向贵方介绍咱们自己，咱们是专门从事各类编织服装的专业公司，愿与贵方成立互利的业务关系。

2.1.We are gratified to learn from your e-mail of Sept. 17th that your areinterested in our arts and crafts.2.We shall be obliged if you would send us patterns and prices of your products.3.We would like to extend our business with you in this line.4.We learn through the Commercial Counselor’s Office of our Embassy in your country that you are interested in Chinese-made toy animals.5.Through the courtesy of Japan External Trade Organization, we have your name as a firm who is interested in doing business with us in this market.6.I’m interested in your silk blouses, as they are brightly colored and beautifully designed.7.Your desire coincides with ours.8.This trade fair offers us a great opportunity to introduce our new products9.We are promoting this product in your market.10.You were recommended to us by a reliable friend.11.We are leading exporters of chemicals in this region.12.We would like you to send us your catalog and price-list for our reference.13.We are trying to find a market for this article.14.What are the chief exports of Canada?15.We have been many years in the chemical line.3.敬启者：承蒙美国波士顿斯密史公司向我方提供了贵公司的名称和地址，此刻咱们给你方写信并希望同你方成立贸易关系。

合同填制英语总结参考答案版

信用证应于装运前30天送达卖方其议付有the Sellers 30 days before shipment, remain valid negotiation in China效期至上述装运期后15天在中国议付有效。

国际经贸英语合同写作上册课后答案

国际经贸英语合同写作上册课后答案International Business English Contract WritingChapter 1: Introduction to Contract Writing1. What is a contract?A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that outlines the terms and conditions of their business relationship.2. What are the key elements of a contract?The key elements of a contract include offer, acceptance, consideration, legality, capacity, and consent.3. Why is contract writing important in international business?Contract writing is important in international business to ensure that all parties involved understand their rights and obligations, and to prevent misunderstandings and disputes.4. What are the differences between domestic and international contracts?International contracts often involve parties from different countries, multiple legal systems, and various currencies, making them more complex than domestic contracts.Chapter 2: Contract Types and Formats1. What are the different types of contracts?The different types of contracts include sales contracts, distribution agreements, licensing agreements, and joint venture agreements.2. What formats can contracts be written in?Contracts can be written in various formats, such as standard forms, letters of intent, memoranda of understanding, and formal written agreements.3. How can cultural differences impact contract writing?Cultural differences can impact contract writing by affecting language interpretation, negotiation styles, and business practices. It is important to consider cultural differences when drafting international contracts.Chapter 3: Contract Clauses and Terms1. What are boilerplate clauses?Boilerplate clauses are standard contract terms that are often included in contracts to address common issues, such as termination, indemnification, and governing law.2. What are the key terms to include in a contract?Key terms to include in a contract include payment terms, delivery terms, warranties, dispute resolution mechanisms, and confidentiality provisions.3. How can language be used to clarify contract terms?Language can be used to clarify contract terms by defining key terms, avoiding ambiguous language, and using clear and concise language.Chapter 4: Contract Negotiation and Drafting1. What are the key steps in contract negotiation?The key steps in contract negotiation include identifying the parties' interests, discussing and negotiating the terms of the contract, and reaching a mutual agreement.2. How can contracts be drafted effectively?Contracts can be drafted effectively by clearly outlining the parties' rights and obligations, using specific language, and referencing relevant laws and regulations.3. What are common pitfalls to avoid in contract drafting?Common pitfalls to avoid in contract drafting include using vague language, omitting key terms, and failing to capture the parties' intentions accurately.In conclusion, contract writing is a vital skill for professionals in international business. By understanding the key elements of contracts, the different types and formats of contracts, the importance of contract clauses and terms, and the best practices for contract negotiation and drafting, professionals can successfully navigate the complexities of international business contracts and build strong business relationships.。

国际商事合同法英文案例及答案

国际商事合同法英文案例及答案Case 1: The Dispute over the Shipment of Goods.Facts:Company A, based in the United States, entered into a contract with Company B in China for the purchase of 1,000 units of a particularelectronic device. The contract specified that the goods were to be shipped by sea and arrive at the port in the United States within 60 days of the contract signing. Company B arranged for the shipment, but due to unforeseen weather conditions and a mechanical problem with the ship, the goods arrived 10 days late.Issue:Is Company B in breach of the contract?Answer:Well, this is a bit of a tricky one. In international commercial law, Company B might seem to be in breach because they didn't meet the exacttime requirement in the contract. However, the unforeseen weatherconditions and the mechanical problem with the ship could be considered as "force majeure" events. Force majeure is like this big, unexpected thingthat gets in the way and it's not really the fault of the party. So, if Company B can prove that these events were truly unforeseeable, unavoidable, and made it impossible for them to deliver on time, they may not be held in breach. For example, if they have proper documentation from the shipping company about the mechanical problem and weather reports showing theextreme conditions, they've got a good case to argue that they should notbe penalized for the 10 day delay. So, it depends on whether they can prove force majeure.Case 2: The Quality of the Goods Dispute.Facts:Company X from France bought a large quantity of fabrics from Company Y in India. The contract stated that the fabrics should be of a certainquality standard, specifically, the color should not fade after three washes and the fabric should have a certain thickness. When Company X received the goods and tested them, they found that the color faded after just one wash and the fabric was thinner than specified.Issue:What can Company X do?Answer:Oh, Company X has some options here. First of all, they can go back to Company Y and say, "Hey, these fabrics are not what we agreed on! What gives?" They can try to negotiate a solution, like getting a discount onthe price because the goods are not of the right quality. If Company Y refuses to cooperate, Company X can consider legal action. Under international commercial law, when the goods don't meet the quality standards specified in the contract, the buyer has the right to claim damages. Company X would need to prove that the goods they received are indeed different from what was promised in the contract. They could have independent tests done on the fabrics and present those results as evidence. So, they can either try to work it out amicably or take the more serious legal route if they really feel wronged.Case 3: The Disagreement over Payment Terms.Facts:Company M in Germany and Company N in Brazil entered into a contractfor the sale of industrial machinery. The contract stated that Company M would pay 50% of the total price upon signing the contract and the remaining 50% within 30 days of receiving the goods. Company M paid the initial 50% as agreed. However, when they received the goods, they found some minor scratches on the machinery. They decided to withhold the remaining payment until Company N fixed the scratches or provided a discount. Company N argued that the scratches were not significant enough to justify withholding payment.Issue:Who is in the right?Answer:This is like a tug of war, isn't it? Well, Company M has a point in a way. If the goods are not in the expected condition, even if it's just minor scratches, they might feel like they're not getting exactly what they paid for. But Company N also has a case. The contract didn't specifically state that minor scratches would be a reason to withhold payment. So, it really depends on what a "reasonable person" would consider. If the scratches are so minor that they don't really affect the functionality or the overall value of the machinery much, Company M may not be justified in withholding the entire 50% payment. However, if the scratches are more than just a cosmetic issue and could potentially lead to future problems, then Company M might have a stronger argument. Maybe they could have agreed on an independent inspection to determine the significance of the scratchesand then decide on the payment accordingly. It's not really clear cut who's right here without more information.。

合同法英文案例及参考答案

合同法英文案例及参考答案合同法英文案例一。

Case:Alice wants to sell her vintage car. She posts an advertisement in the local newspaper saying, "For sale: Vintage car, 1965 Mustang, excellent condition. Asking price 20,000. Contact me at 555 1234." Bob sees the advertisement and calls Alice. He says, "I'm very interested in your Mustang. I can pay you 18,000 for it." Alice replies, "Well, I'll think about it and let you know tomorrow." The next day, Alice calls Bob and says, "I've decided that I can sell it to you for 18,000." But Bob says, "Sorry, I found another car I like better this morning, so I don't want to buy your Mustang anymore."Question: Is Bob legally bound to buy Alice's car?Answer: Well, here's the deal. In contract law, when Bob made the offer of 18,000, Alice didn't accept it right away. She just said she'd think about it. So at that point, there was no contract. When Alice called Bob the next day and said she'd accept his offer, it was too late. Bob was free to change his mind because until Alice accepted his offer, there was no binding agreement. So, no, Bob is not legally bound to buy Alice's car. It's like he made an offer, but it was kind of just hanging out there until Alice made up her mind, and by the time she did, he had already moved on in his car shopping adventure.合同法英文案例二。

外贸合同模板中英文答案

外贸合同模板中英文答案外贸合同模板中英文答案Contract No. 合同编号: XXXXXThis Contract is entered into by and between Party A: (hereinafter referred to as "Seller") and Party B: (hereinafter referred to as "Buyer") on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.本合同由甲方（以下称为"卖方"）与乙方（以下称为"买方"）在平等互利的基础上签订。

Article 1 商品描述1.1 Goods: The Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to purchase the following Goods according to the quantities, specifications, and quality as listed in Annex A.商品：卖方同意销售，买方同意购买以下商品，数量、规格和质量见附件A。

Article 2 价格与付款方式2.1 Price: The unit price of the Goods shall be as listed in Annex A, and the total price for the Goods shall be calculated based on the quantity purchased.价格：商品的单价见附件A，商品的总价将根据购买数量计算。

2.2 Payment: The Buyer shall make payment to the Seller via the agreed method as stated in Annex B.付款：买方将按照附件B中约定的方式将款项支付给卖方。

(完整版)合同翻译练习及其答案

合同翻译练习词汇与短语1． by virtue of2. take effect3. in quadruplicate4. enter into contract5. at the close of the fiscal year6. in witness whereof7. interested party8. limitation of liability9. hereinafter to be referred as10. null and void11. 水准基点12. 提单13. 由(甲方和乙方)14. 裁决委员会15. 不符16. 履约证明17. 有损于，对…不利18. 优惠期限19. (资产) 清算20. 法定义务句子与段落1. Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).2. This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3. This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.4. The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text.5. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the goods.6. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expression “loading on board”,“dispatch”and“taking in charge”.7. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at import port.8. The contract is made out in Chinese and English, both version being equally authentic, by and between ______ as the Seller and ______ as the Buyer whereby the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods subject to the following terms and conditions.9. The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment, six (6) days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed upon by the Parties. In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.10.Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire, war or other unforeseen events, and their occurrence and consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other party by telegram without any delay, and within 15 days thereafter provide detailed in f o r mation of the events and a valid document for evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all or part of the contract.11. The Customer and NEXPRESS each agree and undertake that during the Term and Thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purposes or without the prior written consentof the other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information is in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause．12. 合同允许______% 的溢短差额。

国际经贸英语合同写作吴敏上册课后答案

国际经贸英语合同写作吴敏上册课后答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hi there! Today I'm going to tell you all about the answers to the exercises in my favorite textbook - International Trade and Business English Contract Writing by Wu Min, Volume 1! I know it sounds super boring, but stick with me because I'm going to make it fun.First up, let's talk about the vocabulary exercises. These were all about learning new words related to contracts and business. I remembered most of them by making up silly rhymes and stories in my head. Like for the word "arbitration" which means settling a dispute outside of court, I imagined two teddy bears having a big argument but then an arbiter teddy came along and helped them sort it out. Isn't that cute?Then there were the grammar exercises. Ugh, I really don't like grammar that much. It's just so many rules to remember! But the exercises in this book actually helped me understand things like verb tenses and conditional clauses by using really clear examples related to contracts. Like "The buyer shall pay within 30days of receiving the goods" - that's a super common sentence structure in contracts.My favorite part was definitely the writing exercises though. We had to practice drafting different sections of contracts like terms of payment, delivery details, warranty clauses and so on. At first it was tricky trying to get the formal and precise language right. But after a while, I started having fun making up imaginary companies and products and negotiating their big deals!One of my writings was about a toy company ordering a huge shipment of teddy bears from a manufacturer. I wrote all about the specifications the teddies needed to meet, the payment schedule, what would happen if there were delays or damaged goods and even a clause about recalling the teddies if any safety issues came up. The teacher said my draft read just like a real contract!Ooh, I almost forgot about the case studies! For these, we had to read descriptions of disputes that came up over contract interpretations and breach of terms. Then we played lawyers and argued from both sides over whose interpretation was correct. My favorite was the case about the baseball team that tried to argue their star player's multi-million dollar contract wasn't validbecause he'd just been scribbling during the negotiations and hadn't read it properly. Not a great defense there, buddy!Overall, while a lot of the content was pretty dry, I ended up really enjoying International Trade and Business English Contract Writing. Putting myself in the mindset of a businessperson or lawyer and thinking through all the contingencies of a deal was weirdly fun. Who knows, maybe I'll go into contract law when I grow up! Although I'll probably stick to making contracts about shipping candy rather than boring equipment leases.Anyway, I hope I've convinced you that learning about contracts doesn't have to be a total snoozefest. This textbook taught me that even the most technical material can be interesting if you make up your own examples and imagine yourself in those situations. Now if you'll excuse me, I have a very important contract to negotiate regarding my bedtime...篇2My Answers to Mrs. Wu's Contract BookHi there! My name is Emily and I'm in 5th grade. My teacher Mrs. Wu just assigned us this really cool book called "International Business English Contract Writing" to learn about how grown-ups write important contracts and agreements fordoing business around the world. At first, I thought it would be super boring, but it's actually really interesting!The first chapter was all about the different types of contracts. I learned that a contract is like a big promise between two people or two companies. It says exactly what each side is supposed to do. There are contracts for buying and selling things, contracts for hiring people to do work, contracts for renting property, and even contracts for two companies to work together on a project. The book says the most important things in a contract are being clear about what's promised and making sure both sides follow all the rules and laws. That makes sense - you don't want any misunderstandings when you're making a serious deal!One of the exercises had us read an example contract for a company buying steel from another company. We had to identify the key sections like the description of the goods, the price, delivery details, payment terms, and clauses about what happens if there are any problems. It was like a treasure hunt trying to find all those parts! I circled the section about the buyer being allowed to inspect the steel before accepting delivery. That seemed really important to me so you don't get stuck with bad materials.Another exercise asked us to fix a contract with a bunch of mistakes and unclear language. I rewrote one paragraph to make it simpler by breaking it into shorter sentences. The book says using too many complicated long sentences is one of the biggest mistakes people make in contracts. Who would have thought a 10-year-old would be better at writing clear contracts than some businesspeople? Well, maybe not better...but you know what I mean!My favorite part was analyzing the case studies of disputes over contracts that ended up going to court. One was about a company that bought a bunch of electronics that turned out to be defective. They used the inspection clause in their contract to reject the shipment and get their money back. Go them! In another case, there was terrible flooding that prevented a supplier from delivering goods on time. The court actually let them off the hook since the contract had a force majeure clause covering unavoidable disasters. I thought that was fair.The last chapter was about drafting your own contract from scratch. We had to organize all the typical sections like parties involved, defined terms, obligations of buyer and seller, schedules and timelines, liability, termination, and so on. It was like piecing together a puzzle! I promised to take my time and bevery careful. The book stressed how important it is to not have any mistakes or ambiguities when so much money could be at stake. No pressure, right?Overall, this contract writing book was way more fascinating than I expected. Who knew legalese could actually be kind of fun?I feel like I leveled up my vocabulary and writing skills for sure. Maybe I'll grow up to be an awesome contract manager or corporate lawyer someday. A girl can dream! For now, I'll just keep working through these exercises diligently like a good student. Contracts, here I come!篇3Learning to Write Contracts is Fun!Hi there! My name is Emma and I'm in 5th grade. I love learning new things, especially in my English class. Recently, we started a really cool unit all about writing business contracts in English. It's been a lot of fun and I can't wait to tell you what I've learned so far!First up, we learned about the different parts that make up a contract. There's the preamble which has the date and names of the people or companies involved. Then the definitions part explains any confusing words that will be used later. The termsand conditions lay out all the rules and requirements. My favorite part is the representations and warranties section because it's where both sides make promises about things being true.After the basic structure, we dove into writing clear, concise sentences. Ms. Jenkins said this is super important so there's no misunderstandings later on. We practiced using strong verbs, avoiding ambiguous words, and being very specific with numbers, times, and quantities. It was tricky at first but I'm getting better!Next, we looked at different contract types like sales agreements, employment contracts, loan documents and more. Each one has its own special sections and language conventions. Like sales contracts often include product descriptions, delivery details, payment terms and stuff like that. I found the employment contracts really interesting with all the policies around compensation, benefits, termination and restrictive covenants. So many big words to learn!But the coolest part was negotiating and revising sample contracts. We broke into teams and each read through a contract, circling areas we wanted to changed based on whose perspective we were representing. Then we'd go back and forth,making revisions and counter-proposals until everyone was satisfied with the final version. It was like being tiny lawyers!Even though contracts seemed boring at first, I've realised how important they are for any business dealing. The wrong wording could lead to misunderstandings, disputes or someone not getting what they expected. By taking the time to write clear, detailed contracts, everyone knows their rights and obligations from the start. No surprises!I still have a lot more to learn about international business contracts. But I'm excited to keep practicing and mastering things like force majeure clauses, governing laws, alternative dispute resolution and more. Who knew legalese could be so fun? I'll make sure to pay extra close attention in class. After all, I want to be prepared for my future career as an esteemed international contract lawyer!篇4Title: Fun with Contract Writing!Hi there, friends! Today, we're going to talk about something that might sound a bit boring at first – contract writing. But trust me, it's actually really cool and important, especially when it comes to international trade and business.You see, when companies from different countries want to work together, they need to have a clear agreement on what they're going to do. This agreement is called a contract, and it's like a set of rules that everyone has to follow. It helps prevent misunderstandings and makes sure that everything runs smoothly.Now, let's talk about the book we're covering today: "International Economics and Trade English Contract Writing (Volume 1)" by Wu Min. This book is like a treasure chest filled with all sorts of helpful information and examples on how to write really good contracts in English.One of the first things the book teaches us is the importance of using clear and precise language. When you're writing a contract, you can't leave any room for confusion or misinterpretation. That's why we need to choose our words carefully and make sure that everything is explained in a way that everyone can understand.Another really important thing we learn from the book is how to structure a contract properly. Just like a good story needs to have a beginning, a middle, and an end, a contract needs to have different sections that cover all the important details. For example, there might be a section that introduces the partiesinvolved, another section that explains what the contract is about, and another section that talks about how any disputes will be resolved.The book also teaches us about different types of contracts, like sales contracts, service contracts, and employment contracts. Each type of contract has its own special rules and requirements, so it's important to know what you're dealing with.But don't worry, the book doesn't just give us a bunch of boring rules and definitions. It also includes lots of fun examples and exercises to help us practice what we've learned. For instance, there might be a sample contract that we need to analyze and identify any potential problems or areas that need improvement.One of my favorite parts of the book is the section on negotiation strategies. When you're writing a contract, you're not just putting words on paper – you're also trying to reach an agreement that benefits both parties. The book teaches us how to communicate effectively, how to compromise when necessary, and how to stand our ground when it's important.Overall, "International Economics and Trade English Contract Writing (Volume 1)" is a really valuable resource for anyone who wants to learn about contract writing, especially in the context ofinternational business. It's written in a clear andeasy-to-understand way, but it still covers all the important details and concepts.And you know what the best part is? Learning about contract writing can actually be a lot of fun! It's like solving a puzzle or playing a game, where you need to use your creativity and problem-solving skills to come up with the best possible solution.So, what do you say, friends? Are you ready to dive into the world of contract writing and become the next big shot in international trade? With the help of this book, I'm sure you'll be writing amazing contracts in no time!篇5My Big Sister's Contract Writing ClassMy big sister Katie is in college studying international business. She has to take this really hard class all about writing contracts in English for companies that do business across different countries. At first I thought it would be super boring, but she's been telling me about it and it's actually kind of interesting!The most important thing in contract writing is being really clear and specific. My sister says that if there are any confusing parts or ambiguities, it can lead to misunderstandings and disagreements between the companies later on. That's why they have to be so careful with every single word and phrase they use.One key part is defining all the important terms right at the beginning of the contract. Like if the contract is about one company selling widgets to another company, they have to clearly define exactly what a "widget" is. Is it a specific product with a certain brand name? Or just any generic widget object meeting certain specifications? The definition has to be airtight.They also have to be really careful about stuff like quantities, delivery dates, payment schedules, and all the logistics details. My sister showed me an example contract and there were all these clauses specifying like "15,000 units +/- 5%" or "delivery by June 1st with a 7 day grace period" and so on. If it just said "around 15,000 widgets" or "sometime in June" that would be way too vague and open to misinterpretation.My favorite part is the "force majeure" clause, which covers stuff that is nobody's fault but happens anyway and might interfere with the contract terms. Like if there was a huge natural disaster or a war broke out and shipments couldn't be deliveredon time. The force majeure clause lets the contract be amended or suspended in those crazy situations without it being a violation. Isn't that interesting?There are also all these disclaimers and liability sections saying who is responsible if something goes wrong. Like if the widgets arrived damaged, or if they didn't work properly and caused some kind of loss to the buyer. My sister says those sections are really important for legal protection but they can be super dense and full of jargon that's hard to parse.Oh and they have to be careful about the little things like syntax and phrasing too. Instead of saying "the products must be transported" they have to say "the products shall be transported" because "must" implies an obligation that could be enforced legally, while "shall" is more just a statement of fact. Crazy how such tiny details can make a big difference!Another tricky part is making sure the contract works for all the countries and legal jurisdictions involved. Like if an American company is doing business with companies in Europe and Asia, the contract has to comply with international laws and regulations across all those regions. Apparently there are a bunch of different international legal frameworks they have to consider.The coolest part in my opinion is the alternative dispute resolution section. This specifies procedures for how any disputes between the parties would actually get resolved, like mediation or arbitration by a third party. My sister told me about arbitration cases that ended up being argued by high-powered lawyers in places like London or Singapore! It's like its own little sub-plot contained within the contract.I used to just think contracts were these boring legal documents full of dense paragraphs. But there's actually a lot of interesting stuff and important considerations that go into them, especially for international business dealings. It makes me appreciate all the work and care that goes into writing them properly.Plus, now that my sister is taking thisclass, she has been helping me work on my English writing skills too. She has mere-writing the key sections of contracts, switching around phrasing and terminology to see how it changes the meaning. It's great practice for being precise and unambiguous with my language.Overall, I have a lot more respect for the whole field of contract writing and negotiation now, especially in the context of international trade. It's not as boring as I thought - in fact, it'sactually pretty fascinating once you understand what's going on behind the scenes. Maybe I'll evenfollow in my sister's footsteps and become an international contract lawyer someday! Though I'd probably hire an editor to proofread my work...at 2000 words, this essay was already pretty exhausting for me!篇6Dear Diary,Today in Mrs. Johnson's class, we learned about writing business contracts in English. It was super interesting, but also quite tricky! We used this big book called "International Business English Contract Writing" by someone named Wu Min. Let me tell you all about what I learned.First, we had to do these exercises on the different parts of a contract. The first part is called the Preamble or Introduction. This section lists the parties involved and the date the contract was made. Easy peasy! Next is the Recitals section that gives background information about why the contract exists. This part was a little harder to understand.Then we looked at the Definitions section that explains key terms used throughout the contract. I struggled a bit with some of the unfamiliar legal words, but Mrs. Johnson helped me.Words like "covenant", "indemnify", and "fee simple" were totally new to me. After definitions comes the Operative Part with all the key clauses about what each party promises to do or not do. This was the hardest part!We had to identify common clauses like the Payment Clause, Delivery Clause, Non-Performance Clause, and Force Majeure Clause. The Force Majeure Clause was my favorite because it has a cool French name and talks about situations outside anyone's control like natural disasters. The exercises took us through examples of each type of clause. I got a little mixed up on the differences between "shall" and "will" for obligations.Next up was the Warranties and Liability section where we looked at clauses about representations, warranties, indemnification, and limitations of liability. I remembered warranties from when my parents bought our car, but indemnification was another tricky legal concept for me. Basically, it means one party agrees to protect the other from potential losses or claims. Who knew contracts could be so complicated?Our book showed us how to write clauses limiting damages that each party would owe if there was a breach of contract. I learned the difference between liquidated damages (apredetermined sum) and actual damages (compensation for the actual loss). Liability was the worst section for my poor brain!Finally, we got to the Boilerplate section at the end with standard closure provisions. This included things like the rules for notifying parties, whether the contract could be assigned to others, what laws govern it, and how to resolve disputes. The exercises helped me understand concepts like arbitration versus litigation in courts. I felt like a kid pretending to be a fancy lawyer!After all those intense exercises, we actually got to practice drafting a whole contract for an equipment purchase between two companies. I had to pull everything together - the preamble, recitals, definitions, all the operative clauses, and the boilerplate. Mrs. Johnsondouble-checked my work and said I did a pretty good job for a 4th grader! She reminded me that real contracts are way more complex, but this gave me great practice.Writing contract clauses in English was definitely challenging with all the specific legal vocabulary and formatting conventions. But it was also really cool to learn about the building blocks of business agreements. Who knew that behind every major company deal, there are kids like me trying to master how to putit into words? This class made me feel like a little international business person. Maybe I'll grow up to be a brilliant contract lawyer or mogul someday! For now, I'll celebrate by rewarding myself with some ice cream. A kid's gotta have fun too, right?Talk to you again soon diary!Your friend,[Your name]。

签合同英语面试题目及答案

签合同英语面试题目及答案Signing a Contract - English Interview Questions and AnswersIntroduction:In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to communicate in English is a valuable skill, especially in professional settings. For job applicants, being able to demonstrate proficiency in English is often a requirement, and interviews may include questions related to various aspects of the language. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to common English interview questions and answers concerning the topic of signing contracts.1. Tell me about the importance of contracts in business.Contracts are vital legal documents that establish the rights and obligations of the parties involved in a business transaction. They provide clarity and protect the interests of both parties by outlining the terms and conditions of the agreement. Contracts also serve as evidence in case of a dispute, ensuring that all parties are obligated to fulfill their promises. Without contracts, businesses would face uncertainty and potential legal complications.2. Describe the key elements of a contract.The essential components of a contract include an offer, acceptance, consideration, mutuality, capacity, and legality. An offer represents a proposal made by one party to another, specifying the terms of the agreement. Acceptance refers to the unconditional agreement to the offer.Consideration refers to the value exchanged between the parties. Mutuality signifies that both parties agree to the same terms and conditions. Capacity ensures that both parties are legally competent to enter into the contract. Finally, legality ensures that the contract complies with all laws and regulations.3. How do you ensure that a contract is legally binding?To ensure a contract is legally binding, certain elements must be present. Firstly, both parties must offer and accept the terms voluntarily, without any form of coercion. Secondly, the agreement must involve a consideration, which refers to something of value exchanged between the parties. Additionally, the contract must fulfill all legal requirements, such as being in writing when necessary. It is also essential to ensure that all parties involved have the legal capacity to enter into a contract. Lastly, the contract must be entered into with a lawful purpose and not violate any laws or public policy.4. What are some common mistakes to avoid when signing a contract?When signing a contract, it is crucial to exercise caution and avoid common mistakes. Some frequent errors include:- Failing to read and understand the contract thoroughly before signing.- Overlooking or misunderstanding important terms and conditions.- Not seeking legal advice when dealing with complex or unfamiliar contracts.- Making verbal agreements that are not included in the written contract.- Neglecting to keep a copy of the signed contract for future reference.- Proceeding with the contract without resolving ambiguities or asking for clarifications on unclear provisions.5. How would you handle a breach of contract?In the case of a breach of contract, it is essential to follow appropriate steps to mitigate the situation. Firstly, the non-breaching party should review the contract to understand the specific terms that have been violated. Next, they should attempt to resolve the issue through negotiation or alternative dispute resolution methods, such as mediation or arbitration. If these methods fail, legal action may be necessary to enforce the contract or seek damages. It is crucial to consult with a legal professional throughout this process to ensure that all actions are conducted within the boundaries of the law.Conclusion:Signing contracts is an integral part of conducting business, and understanding the fundamental aspects of contracts is crucial. This article has provided insights and answers to common English interview questions related to signing contracts. By familiarizing oneself with these concepts, job applicants can demonstrate proficiency in contract-related matters during interviews. Remember, contracts establish the foundation for business relationships and protect the rights and interests of all parties involved.。

商务英语函电与合同课后题答案第十单元

商务英语函电与合同课后题答案第十单元Business English Correspondence and Contract After-class Exercises Answers Unit Ten1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:a. The goods will be ________ on the 15th of this month.b. We are ________ a delay in the delivery of the goods.c. Please ________ the payment within seven days.d. The contract shall become ________ upon both parties' signatures.2. Choose the correct option:a. The payment term for this contract is:1. 30 days after the shipment2. 90 days after the receipt of the goods3. Immediate payment upon deliveryCorrect answer: 1. 30 days after the shipmentb. In a letter of credit, the issuing bank is usually:1. The buyer's bank2. The seller's bank3. A neutral third party bankCorrect answer: 1. The buyer's bankc. Force majeure refers to:1. A legal term in contract law2. Unexpected events that prevent fulfillment of a contract3. A common clause in business contractsCorrect answer: 2. Unexpected events that prevent fulfillment of a contract3. Answer the following questions:a. What is the purpose of an Incoterm in international trade?Incoterms are standardized terms used in international trade to define the responsibilities and obligations of buyers and sellers regarding the delivery of goods.b. Why is it important to have a written contract in business transactions?A written contract is essential in business transactions to clearly outline the terms and conditions of the agreement, reduce disputes, and provide legal protection for both parties.c. What is the significance of a letter of credit in international trade?A letter of credit is a payment mechanism that guarantees payment to the seller upon the satisfactory delivery of goods. It reduces the risk of non-payment for the seller and ensures compliance with the terms of the contract.4. Translate the following sentences into English:a. 请将下列商品列入我们的订货清单。

英文合同练习参考答案