2017-2018学年松江一中高一下英语月考试卷

2017年松江一中高一下学期英语月考试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary (36’)Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with a given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The sun is out.The weather is pleasant.It’s a great day for running. But before you start, here are some tips for avoiding (21) ______ (injure).Pay attention to (22) ______ is happening around you while you run. If you are running along road, wear light-colored clothes (23) ______ ______ drivers can see you.Running is(24) ______ (tire) and can hurt. But consistent pain indicates that something is wrong. Maybe you need to change the way you move to put less pressure on certain muscles or joints. Or maybe you’re overtired and need a day off. Resting, when (25) ______ (need), will help you get back to running as soon as possible.Pick comfortable shoes (26) ______ fit the unique shape of your foot. This will prevent strain on your feet, ankles, legs and back.Many experts recommend cross-training --- doing other physical activities besides running. That could mean biking, swimming or playing a sport. By doing various exercises, you avoid injuries (27) ______ (cause) by repeated motion.(28) ______ (Follow) this simple advice will help you stay safe while you get healthy.(B)The possibility that something bad will happen is a risk.Risk also can be defined as the degree of danger that goes along with (29) ______ opportunity. (30) ______ all risks have possible negative results, some risks are worth (31) ______ (take). For example, suppose that you have the chance to join a school team. You risk a possible injury while playing to achieve the sense of accomplishment that comes with being on the team. You decide that the pleasure of playing is worth the risk of injury. By being fit, you can also reduce the risk of physical injury.How can we determine the risks (32) ______ (involve) in an action? Many risks that relate to health choices have been studied. Scientists use statistics to measure these risks. When it comes to statistics, it is a branch of mathematics that can determine the possibility that something will occur. The information about the possibility (33) ______ (call) statistical risk and can help you make healthy choices.For example, statistics indicate that in the United States the chance of dying from cancer is about 20 percent. In this sense, (34) ______ about two out of every ten deaths are due to some kind of cancer,the risk of death from cancer is quite high. However, statistics also show that80 percent of all cancers are related (35) ______ things over which you have some control. In other words, you may as well make choices that will reduce your risk of developing cancer. These include such things as avoiding pollution, not smoking, and eating a diet high in fiber. If you do them on (36) ______ own, you are less likely to develop cancer.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.thing?Critics of zoos would __37__ that animals often suffer physically and mentally as a result of being enclosed. Even the best __38__ environments can’t match the space, diversity and freedom that animals have in their natural habitats. This deprivation causes many zoo animals to become stressed or mentally ill. It is common that __39__ parks often force dolphins and whales to perform tricks. These mammals may die decades earlier than their wild relatives, and some even try to commit suicide.On the other hand, by bringing people and animals together, zoos have the __40__ to educate the public about conservation issues and inspire people to protect animals and their habitats. Zoos also carry out important research into subjects like animal behavior and how to treat illnesses. One of the most important modern functions of zoos is supporting international breeding programs, especially for __41__ species. A good zoo will enable these species to live and breed in a __42__ environment. In addition, as the number of some wild species drops, there is an increasing danger of populations becoming too __43__ similar. Zoo-bre animals can be released into the wild to increase genetic diversity.However, __44__ of zoos say that the vast majority of breeding programs do not __45__ animals back into the wild. Extra animals are sold not only to other zoos but also to circuses or hunting ranches in the U.S. Or South Africa, where some people are willing to pay a lot of money for the chance to kill an animal in a fenced enclosure. Often, these animals are familiar with humans and have very little chance of escaping.Are zoos good for animals or not? Perhaps it all depends on how well individual zoos are managed, and the benefits of zoos can surely __46__ their harmful effects. However, it is understandable that many people believe imprisoning animals for any reason is simply wrong.The net plays another, more active, role on the linguistic（语言学的）front, a role that is __47__ overlooked by many people who believe English victory is on the go. Since the advent (来临) of World Wide Web, many minority __48__，those spoken by single nations or ethnic groups, have enjoyed a dramatic upsurge (急剧上升) in vitality. Many such tongues were __49__ endangered just a decade ago. Late-century mobility and economic currents were taking more and more speakers out of their communities and away from fellow speakers. Languages were __50__ at an alarming rate.Like biological extinction, linguistic __51__ is a serious loss for all of humankind. Languages are some of the __52__ ways people maintain their culture and are crucial to understanding other cultures. When fewer and fewer people share a(n) __53__ language, it may die, and when it does, part of our collective human culture dies with it.Surprisingly, though, the Internet has become a valuable tool for __54__ endangered languages. Speakers of these languages not only have been particularly active in putting up web pages in their various languages, but also in mounting (配置) __55__ effective, large-scale dictionary and language-learning projects online. There is no reason why minority languages cannot live together with a common social language like English. Indeed, the Internet offers more hope for their __56__ than they have ever known before, especially as translation tools become more effective.III. Reading Comprehension (47’)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When it comes to lowering stress at work, studies from around the world have yielded a set of five tips, with advice __57__ from grabbing 40 winks at your desk to taking your pet to work.The first tip highlighted by New Scientist magazine is that workers should be sociable - but not too sociable. British research has shown that __58__ is good for the health, with a study of thousands of civil servants revealing that __59__ from colleagues, encouragement from supervisors and clear direction from bosses kept stress levels __60__. Male civil servants who __61__ support in the workplace were 31 per cent more likely to suffer from __62__ and depression, and women 43 per cent. __63__, too much socializing could lead to work piling up.The second tip is to ensure your surroundings are as __64__ as possible. Simply being able to see your colleagues makes the working day much more __65__, with the height of partitions (隔墙) dividing up office space affecting stress levels.__66__, the higher the partition is, the more people complain about noise from their neighbours. Research from the University of Montreal shows that the optimum (最适宜的) partition height is 4ft 3ins (1.3m) - high enough to provide __67__ but low enough to ensure staff do not feel __68__.The third piece of advice for workers is to learn to switch off. Mobile phones and other __69__ equipment should be switched off after hours to allow burnt-out brain cells to recharge.Playing with a cat or dog can also __70__ relaxation and if workers can persuade their boss to let them into the office then the day will __71__.57. A. differing B. ranging C. changing D. including58. A. sociability B. responsibility C. ability D. reliability59. A. lessons B. standard C. support D. behavior60. A. up B. high C. still D. down61. A. needed B. lack C. gained D. gave62. A. anxiety B. ambition C. accident D. poverty63. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover64. A. pleasant B. colorful C. serious D. wide65. A. miserable B. understandable C. unforgettable D. manageable66. A. Obviously B. Luckily C. Surprisingly D. Naturally67. A. space B. privacy C. communication D. cooperation68. A. crowded B. surrounded C. devoted D. isolated69. A. electronic B. industrial C. office D. expensive70. A. aid B. destroy C. leave D. reduce71. A. go on B. draw near C. be over D. fly bySection BDirections: Read the following four passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back.Now science fiction has become science fact. For the first time, scientists have made a robot that can take a beating and keep on going. Scientists from Cornell University made the robot, which looks like a spider with four legs.Until now, even the most advanced robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged. That is because its computer inside simply doesn’t know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed.To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors and two sensors that read how the machine is working. They all give signals to the machine’s software. Using this information, the computer can then figure out the machine’s shape at any moment.The new technology is a big advance in robot-making, scientists say, and it’s far from scary. It may someday help scientists create better artificial arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them. It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.“It has been difficult to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it’s damaged,” says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US. “With this work, we are nearer to solving this problem.”72.Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged?A．They cannot repair themselves.B．The computer has changed a lot.C．They have no computers inside.D．The computer cannot work if the robot changes.73.The new technology(技术) allows the robot to .A．keep working after being damagedB．tell people where it isC．do house work for humansD．remember a lot of information74.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 5 refers to ______.A．sensors B．robots C．scientists D．arms and legs75.How do the sensors in the robot work?A．They can replace the computer when it’s broken.B．They help the computer learn the robot’s condition.C．They can find out where the damage comes from.D．They can send signals to the person who uses the robot.(B)One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer AndrewZuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world. His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website.Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.Let us now have a culture of peace.—Federico Mayor Zaragoza, SpainFederico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy (药学) from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958. After many years spent in politics, he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987. In 1999, he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace, of which he is now the president. In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.Writing is a discovery.—Nadine Gordimer, South AfricaDue to a weak heart, Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly. She read widely and began writing at an early age. She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated into forty languages. In 1991, Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature.Jazz is about the only form of art today.—Dave Brubeck, USADave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942. After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz. In 1951, he recorded his first album(专辑). Brubeck’s 1959 album has become a jazz standard. He received a Grammy lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.For more figures, CLICK HERE.76.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?A．Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.B．Because they are physically impressive.C．Because their accomplishments inspired him.D．Because they have similar experiences.77.According to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza_____.A．has won many awards for his work in politicsB．has served as the president of a universityC．has devoted all his life to the field of scienceD．has made achievements in different areas78.Who most probably said “My education has been the library and books” in the interviewwhen reflecting on his/her experience?A．Andrew Zuckerman.B．Federico Mayor Zaragoza.C．Nadine Gordimer.D．Dave Brubeck.79.What is the main purpose of this web page?A．To show Zuckerman’s awards.B．To publicize Zuckerman’s project.C．To spread the wisdom of the three people.D．To celebrate the achievements of the three people.（C）Most people in business have a strong sense that meetings are demanding more and more of their time. Fifty years ago meetings were barely necessary – the boss decided what was going to happen and told employees in a brief office memo.Now everything in business is discussed extensively in large meetings attended by anybody who has the remotest interest in the subject. The gradual erosion of formal systems of authority has increased the appetite for face-to-face meetings. Consultation and discussion has taken the place of direct instruction.The amount of travel to get to these meetings is increasing. More than nine million people passed through Heathrow(希思罗机场) in 2005 on the way to internal company events. As a consequence, corporate travel is a growing part of UK carbon emissions(排放). It would be easy to say we must reverse the trend towards more meetings to reduce the climate-change impact of modern business. Unfortunately, it is not going to be easy. Some interesting recent research shows that most of the attendees at corporate meetings do complain about the waste of time involved. But when they were questioned in private, the picture changes. Only 15 per cent of people rated their most recent meeting adversely. Though most attendees saw room for improvement, meetings were valuable both in helping build plans for action and in making employees feel part of the organization.But do these meetings have to be face-to-face? British Telecom recently presented some data on the success of its internal voice conferencing. In the most recent year, more than two million telephone conferences took place in the company. BT estimates a saving of over ?200m from the use of this technology and a cut of almost 100,000 tonnes of CO2. Of course BT has a clear interest in telling us that phone meetings are a good substitute for wasteful corporate get-togethers. So far, such conferencing has struggled to take off as people have tended to prefer to travel. It is, after all, rather more difficult to understand the boss's body language over the phone. Nevertheless, BT's research on the considerable benefits of conferencing is reasonable. Rather than try to get rid of apparently unproductive meetings, we need to find ways to make telephone and video conferences ever better substitutes for those traditional meetings.80. Why are there more and more meetings according to the passage?A. Because the formal systems of authority has been established.B. Because people prefer to solve problems through discussion.C. Because the organizations are getting more and more complex.D. Because modern transportation has been developing rapidly.81. The word “ adversely” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. approvinglyB. enthusiasticallyC. feasiblyD. unfavorably82. British Telecom presented the figures to prove that voice conferencing _______.A. stimulates the development of technologyB. plays a vital role in large organizationsC. may well replace conventional onesD. brings large profit to the company83. What can we learn from the passage?A. Traditional face-to-face meetings bring more benefits than harm.B. Corporate travel contributes a lot to environmental problems.C. The idea of telephone conference is well accepted by employees.D. Meetings should be abandoned because they are a waste of time.Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 84 The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They have been completely buried by the sand now.Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 85 Ploughing(耕) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.86 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources. 87 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world's deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.第II卷（42分）I. Blank Filling1.I will never forget the precious day _______ I have spent with you.2._______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.3.Ellen is the girl _______ I think will succeed in the test.4.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.5.It’s uncertain _______ the experiment is worth doing.6.As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _______ we should go for a walk in the park.7.It was really a splendid evening. It is years _______ I enjoyed myself so much.8._______ journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher.9.He wrote down the names of the students in the photo _______ ________ he should forget them.10._______ hard I tried, I still couldn’t manage it.11.Do let her know the truth. She appears _______(tell) everything.12.That is the second time I __________(be) there.13.A close friend of mine kept me _______(supply) with exercise books last year.14.She told me that she _______(be) free next week.15.One of the doors of this building is really hard _______ (open) indeed.II. Translation1.私人的公共汽车直到全部坐满之后才出发。