考研英语经济类阅读理解及原文翻译
研究生英语读写译教程 第9-economic原文翻译及课后答案
全球经济一体化与中国斯蒂芬·罗世林[1] 中国，拥有世界上人口最多的国家，在2001年11月10日加入世界贸易组织，结束了长达15年的谈判，这为中国在世界民族之林获得了一个新的地位与席位，为几个世纪以来的梦想注入了新的活力。
[2] 自1971年恢复了中国在联合国安理会的合法席位以来，中国加入世界贸易组织是中国最具有意义的外交成就之一，这不久之后，理查德尼克松总统开启了著名的北京之行。
[3] 中国加入世界贸易组织，意味着可以享有反对对商品的惩罚性关卡的保护权。
美国国会基于对人权的考虑，将会恢复与中国的“正常贸易关系”，而停止每年一度的复审程序。
[4] 即便设置障碍，中国对于美国来说也是最重要的贸易合作伙伴。
美中贸易在2000年价值达1,160.2亿美元。
中国出口商品远比进口多。
去年用船运送到美国市场的商品和服务达1,000亿美元，成为美国的第四个出口商。
作为回报，美国给中国送来了价值160.3亿美元的商品与服务，只是美国的第十四个最大出口市场。
[5] 在海外中国人民已经是极好的贸易者和有创新能力的商人。
以新加坡为例，在美国拥有很多高科技公司，或是西方城市中的中国城。
加入世贸组织以后，中国将会变得更富有，世界也是这样。
[6] 中国正式加入世贸组织，除了可以获得大量的商机之外，当面对外国公司的激烈竞争之时，中国商人会面对一些不利的担忧，这是人之常情。
比如中国庞大且手续较复杂的农业部门，怎么与十分老练的美国大农场经营竞争？还有银行部门与电信市场？全球一体化公司似乎利用中国广泛的对外开放，而把中国置于危险境地。
[7] 加入世贸组织和诸多其它因素使得中国成为一个新的，有决策性的全球扮演者。
中国需要重新审视自己文化中丰富的伦理道德传统。
对中国商业环境的批评来自外国投资者对征税的意见，甚至是本国商人和朱镕基总理。
中国似乎为找到一个道德中心而不懈奋斗，制定了一系列商业道德用来管理和手把手指导国家的相关法律，这样做关系到国家经济发展的生死存亡。
考研英语范文阅读（三十六）
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return？ Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March， the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel， up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock， when prices quadrupled， and 1979-1980， when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time？ The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth，at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere， could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe，taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price， so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were， and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation， a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy， energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software， consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP （in constant prices） rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that， if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year， compared with $13 in 1998， this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand， oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive， and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that， unlike the rises in the 1970s， it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%， and in 1979 by almost 30%. 51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________. （A）global inflation （B）reduction in supply （C）fast growth in economy （D）Iraq's suspension of exports 52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ________. （A）price of crude rises （B）commodity prices rise （C）consumption rises （D）oil taxes rise 53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ________. （A）heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive （B）income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices （C）manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed （D）oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP 54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ________. （A）oil-price shocks are less shocking now （B）inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks （C）energy conservation can keep down the oil prices （D）the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry 55. From the text we can see that the writer seems ________. （A）optimistic （B）sensitive （C）gloomy （D）scared 答案及试题解析 BDDAA 51.（B） 此题的难度合适，区分度好。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二三
Why an“Uber for tailors”is gaining ground in Lagos“裁缝优步”为何能在拉各斯发展起来？“Rich and poor,everyone has a tailor here,”says Olajire Omikunle,a couturier for Nigeria’s powerful.So great is the appeal of a well-cut outfit in Lagos,Nigeria’s commercial centre,that roadside stitchers rove the streets armed with their sewing machines and clicking their large scissors to drum up customers.尼日利亚颇具影响力的服装设计师奥拉吉尔·奥米昆勒说：“无论贫富，这里的每个人都有自己的裁缝。
”在尼日利亚的商业中心拉各斯，一套剪裁考究的服装如此具有吸引力，以至于街头裁缝们会带着他们的缝纫机在街道上来回穿梭，并拿着大剪刀咔嚓咔嚓地招揽着顾客。
David Peterside,a local entrepreneur,hopes to capitalise on this sartorial obsession with a new app that is being dubbed an“Uber for tailors”.Fashion Map allows natty Nigerians to find a suitmaker at the press of a button.当地企业家戴维·彼得赛德希望借着人们对服装的痴迷，开发一款名为“裁缝优步”的新应用。
整洁时髦尼日利亚人只需按下一个按钮，便能在时尚地图上找到一位裁缝。
It may be a perfect fit for Africa’s most populous country.Nigeria has a fast-growing base of smartphone users and“over100,000registered tailors”,says Otunba Wasiu Taiwo of the Nigeria Union of Tailors.“We are still counting.”该应用或许非常适合这个非洲人口最多的国家。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
The Guardian view on unaffordable homes: building injustice into the economy《卫报》关于难以负担的住房的观点：在经济中制造不公The average wage of the top 1% in Britain rose to £13,770 a month in December. Jeevun Sandher, an economist at King’s College London, points out the very richest saw their incomes rise the fastest during the pandemic. This group were also likely to have been able to save the most while Covid raged. Where do the very wealthiest spend their cash? One place is housing, for which there is a low level of stock being released on to the market. The result is rising house prices. Over the past 12 months, asking prices have gone up by 9.5%.12月，英国最富有的1%人群的平均工资上升至每月13770英镑。
伦敦国王学院的经济学家桑德尔指出，在疫情期间，最富有的人的收入增长最快。
在新冠病毒肆虐期间，这一群体也可能是能够存最多钱的人。
最富有的人把钱花在哪里？其中一个地方就是住房，因为住房市场上的存量很低。
结果就是房价上涨。
在过去12个月里，住房要价上涨了9.5%。
This has a knock-on effect for renters. UK rents rose by 8.3% in the last three months of 2021. For would-be first-time buyers, the situation is as bad if not worse, with the current average price of £277,000 nearly £25,000 higher than just a year ago. Those looking to have a roof to live under will find little solace in official figures. These record an 11% drop in the number of total homes added in 2021 compared with the year before. The number of new affordable houses that began being built dropped 16% year-on-year. Shortages of labour and materials, as well as planning delays, will make it harder for the 11th Tory housing minister since 2010 to meet government targets for new homes.这对租客产生了连锁反应。
考研英语阅读：经济类
考研英语阅读：经济类考研英语阅读：经济类引言：考研英语阅读是否很难?店铺可以给大家一个回答：会者不难。
下面是店铺整合的一些经济类阅读理解精讲，希望大家通过不断的练习可以提高做题效率而不再惧怕英语阅读。
1. Currency teaserA strong rupee is giving policymakers a new sort of headacheTHE Indian finance ministry's mid-year review, released this week, sees the external sector as a silver lining around the country's huge fiscal deficit. "Buoyant" and "encouraging" are the words used to describe three consecutive quarters of current-account surplus--the first in a quarter-century. Add to that swelling foreign-exchange reserves and a stronger rupee, and some are arguing that it is time for drastic liberalisation of India's foreign-exchange regime. They could be disappointed.For most of the past decade, the nominal value of the rupee has been allowed to decline gently against the dollar, by about 5% a year, thus staying fairly steady in real terms. This year, however, it has been appreciating in real terms (and, since June, nominally as well). It would have done so more sharply had the central bank not been buying dollars with gusto. Exporters of manufactured goods, obsessed with price competition from China, are aghast at the rise--and at the prospect held out by some forecasters that a sustained boom in India's IT exports means it will continue.The rupee's recent strength is only partly related to India's prowess in software and the mushrooming of "business-process outsourcing" in such projects as call-centres. The chunky surpluson invisibles owes more to remittances: non-resident Indians, attracted by the stability of the rupee and its higher interest rates, have been moving their offshore deposits back home. Similarly, Indian companies are borrowing more in dollars without selling rupees forward to hedge repayments. The trade deficit, meanwhile, has been shrinking, as imports grow slowly.The inflows have boosted foreign-exchange reserves by some $20 billion this year, to $66 billion, or 12 months'-worth of imports. The size of this cushion has triggered some calls for further liberalisation of the labyrinthine foreign-exchange controls that India still maintains, despite the move in 1993 towards rupee convertibility for trade purposes. In recent months, some controls have duly been eased. It is now simpler, for example, for individuals to open foreign-currency bank accounts, and for travellers to get hold of foreign exchange. And non-resident Indians have been allowed to take out money acquired through inheritance, or from rents and dividends.Some commentators have taken all this as a harbinger of full capital-account convertibility. That is not on the cards. The experience of 1991, when India ran out of money, has left the central bank prone to caution--an approach it felt was vindicated by the East Asian crisis of 1997-98. With war in Iraq looming and a turbulent oil market, some risk aversion is understandable. India's fiscal deficit--some 10% of GDP and widening--is another reason for moving slowly. Just as one rating agency, Moody's, is considering upgrading India's external debt, another, Fitch, has warned that its local-currency rating is under threat. Nor is it certain that opening the capital account would mean a weaker rupee. It might even attract more capital inflows. As India's exporters are learning, convertibility is a two-way street.Economist; 12/7/2002, Vol. 365 Issue 8302, p73, 1/3p注(1)：本文选自Economist;12/7/2002, p73, 1/3p;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿2002年真题text 2第2题(1)，text 5第3题(2)，1995年真题text 2第4题(3)，2000年真题text 4第3题(4)和1998年真题text 2第4题(5);1.The expression “silver lining” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means______.[A] a side effect[B] a favorable aspect[C] a decorative line[D] a comforting prospect2.According to the text, the appreciation of the rupee in real terms__________.[A] will lower its nominal value[B] is bad news to exporters of manufactured goods[C] means a sharper decline of its nominal value against the dollar[D] will give impetus to the development of India’s IT industry3.The current account surplus owes to the following EXCEPT_________.[A] the strength of the rupee[B] the remittances of non-resident Indians[C] the hedging activity of Indian companies[D] the growing imports4.Which of the following is true according to the text?。
考研英语阅读理解典型范文 含译文翻译版
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版More and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods, The rapid development ofthird-party mobile payment tools is helpingto encourage cashless payment across the country, said Dong Ximiao, a researcher at the Renmin University of China.Although there were 3,4 billion third-partypayment accounts in total in China in 2016. China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also seeing that increase.However, the rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there no challenges and criticisms. Alibaba’s Hema store has come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t buy goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third party mobile payment tools, also launched campaigns this month to encourage more people to use cashless payment methods, which caused concern over whether cash will soon disappear“Some offline sellers refuse to accept cash,which influences the natural circulation of cash,’said Dong. He stressed that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. Also it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population live in the countries, unable to enjoy innovation brought by the Internet, Dong said. And when it comes to China’s senior citizens most of them prefer to use cash in their daily lives, he added.“It’ ridiculous to question digital paymenttools’ contribution to financial development. In thelong term, various payment methods will be used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers’payment habits. Dong noted.中国人民大学研究员董希淼表示，越来越多的中国消费者正在使用无现金支付方式，第三方移动支付工具的快速发展，有助于鼓励全国范围内的无现金支付。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
We must pay the cost of carbon if we are to cut it让每一个人都有减排的动力Shouldn’t we be doing more to respond to the climate emergency? It’s a natural question to ask. But, perhaps, we should turn the question around, and ask: why haven’t we solved the climate change problem already?为了应对气候紧急状态，我们难道不应该多做一点事情？这是个很自然的问题。
然而，也许我们应该反过来问：为什么我们还没有解决气候变化问题？Economics suggests a ready answer: externalities. Unfortunately, the concept of externalities is a century old, and it shows. So why do economists persist in using this dusty old term, and is it still useful?经济学给出了一个现成的答案：外部性。
可是，外部性的概念存在了一个世纪之久，而且得到了印证。
那么，经济学家们为什么还要使用这个陈旧的术语呢？它是否仍然有用？An externality is a cost — or sometimes, a benefit — that is not borne by either the buyer or the seller of a product. And, if neither has to bear the cost, neither has much reason to care.外部性是一种成本（有时是一种好处），是产品的买方和卖方都无需承担的成本。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
考研英语阅读中英全文对照版 (6)
UNIT SEVENTEXT ONEOnce upon a time—when the U.S. dollar was king—American students blithely flocked overseas to nibbl e on affordable scones and croissants between classes. How times have changed.As the dollar dips to all-time lows, college students are feeling the pinch. Especially in the United Kingdom and countries that use the euro—which currently is at 68 cents to the dollar—the cost of living has skyrocketed. "Years ago we could say studying abroad was the same price as staying on campus," says Daeya Malboeuf, an associate director at Syracuse University. "There's no way we can say that anymore."Yet this unfavorable economic environment hasn't stopped students from scrambling overseas. According to the Institute of International Education,study-abroad programs have grown 144 percent in the past decade and continue to increase around 8 percent each year. Considering the rising costs, "it's surprising how little the students haven't been deterred," says Natalie Bartush, who handles thestudy-abroad program at the University of Texas.Where the real change appears to be happening as a result of rising prices is in the length and location of students' foreign study choices. The number of participants in short-term summer programs has swelled, as has the interest in courses at more exotic locales. For Middlebury College students, for example, a year in Florence costs around $37,000; at Santiago, Chile, it's $27,000. Such price differences have contributed to modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in western Europe and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meet rising demand.Program directors are quick to point out that the shift is not just about money. "You can't understand the United States today without understanding what's going on outside our borders, and that's not just Europe anymore," says Rebecca Hovey, dean of the study-abroad program at the School for International Training. Interest in nontraditional locales spiked even before the dollar began dropping, and foreign countries are marketing themselves to American students. A surge of support from education nonprofits and the State Department also has fueled the trend.Study-abroad costs also vary wildly based on the way colleges structure their programs. Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters. The dollar's slide also means that trying to set student fees in advanceis a tiresome guessing game for college officials. Most of these educators' energy, however, is spent scrounging up extra financial aid for needy travelers. Students already getting help can usually transfer their aid to tuition and fees abroad, but basics like housing and food are often at the mercy of the fluctuating dollar. Airfare, which can exceed $1,000 round trip, is not generally included in school fees, and whirlwind trips across continents are rarely cheap.The emphasis on student financial responsibility is especially evident at private schools like Syracuse, which charges the same pricey tuition abroad as at home. Even at more affordable public universities and private colleges like Middlebury—which charges U.S. students the often cheaper tuition of the international host schools—counselors are quick to peddle the virtue of thrift, a lesson no longer lost between those on safety and culture shock.参考译文：当美元还是老大的时候，美国学生都高高兴兴地成群跑到海外上学，课间可以品尝价格合适的烤饼和羊角面包。
考研英语阅读：经济类（4）
考研英语阅读：经济类（4）考研英语阅读：经济类Economist; 11/27/2004, Vol. 373 Issue 8403, p64-65, 2p, 1c 注(1)：本文选自Economist;11/27/2004, p64-65, 2p, 1c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿2000年真题text 1第1题(1)，1995年真题text 1第2题(2)，2002年真题text 2第2题(3)，1998年真题text 2第2题(4)和1999年真题text 1第4题(5);1.The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is ________.[A] the board’s interference[B] the falling sales[C] the health problems of the chief executives[D] the constant change of its share price2.Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?[A] the change of the chief executive[B] people’s concern about junk food[C] dirty restaurant[D] indifferent service3.The phrase “heir apparent” (Line 7, Paragraph 2) in the article most probablymeans____________.[A] someone who has the same ideas, aims and style with a person[B] someone who has the unalienable right to receive the family title[C] someone who is appointed as a heir of a person[D] someone who is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves4.In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_________.[A] has had to made rather hasty decisions[B] prefers to appoint a new boss from within[C] acts in a quick and unreasonable way[D] surprises all the people with its decisions5.Toward McDonald’s reaction to emergencies at the top, the writer’s attitude can be said to be___________.[A] indifferent[B] doubtful[C] objective[D] praiseful答案：C A D B D篇章剖析本篇文章介绍了麦当劳高层人事接替的情况，是一篇说明文。
考研英语阅读中英全文对照版 (4)
UNIT FIVETEXT ONEBoosted by booming international financial markets, the City of London has not had it so good since the end of the dotcom bonanza in the late 1990s. Basking in double-digit growth rates, London's law firms have both contributed to that success and benefited from it. The earnings of top City lawyers can now exceed £2m a year.Having opted to expand and go global ahead of most others, Britain's leading law firms tend to be bigger than their American rivals. Indeed, according to a survey of the world's top 50 law firms, compiled by Legal Business, a British trade paper, five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover—are now British (if DLA Piper, the result of an Anglo-American merger, is included). But they have tended to lag behind in terms of their profitability. That is now changing.The profit margins of the City's five “magic circle” firms—Clifford Chance, Slaughter and May, Allen & Overy, Linklaters and Freshfields—have soared in recent years and are now comparable with, if not higher than, those of New York's “white shoe” elite. Slaughter and May, the only one of the five not to have gone global, has the joint second-highest profit margin among the top 50.Not so long ago, a London surgeon could expect to earn as much as a City lawyer. But even the recent big rises in hospital consultants' earnings pall in comparison with those enjoyed by London lawyers. At Slaughter and May, for example, average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third (in dollar terms) last year to $2.75m—more than at any other of the top 50 law firms bar two in New York where PEP averaged $2.8m and $3.0m respectively. Some senior partners get a lot more of course.Competition for the best lawyers is fierce and poaching frequent. Hence the need to keep headline PEP figures up—even at the cost of getting rid of equity partners, leaving a bigger share of the bounty for the remaining ones. Freshfields is in the process of shedding around 100 of its equity partners. Other leading firms are also undertaking painful restructuring.Newly qualified lawyers' salaries have also been shooting up in the search for the best talent. Both Freshfields and Allen & Overy now pay their first-year associates £65,000, rising to around £90,000 after three years. (First-year associates at America's top law firms get the equivalent of £80,000.)But, as many other top-rank City employers have discovered, big earnings do not necessarily guarantee big satisfaction. According to a YouGov poll, published by the Lawyer earlier this month, a quarter of Britain's lawyers (including a fifth of law-firmpartners) would like to leave the profession. The disgruntled complained about cripplingly long hours, intense competition and the impersonality of the biggest firms (some with more than 3,000 lawyers). So why don't they quit? Because, say three-quarters, of the pay.参考译文：虽然受到快速发展的国际金融市场的推动，伦敦自20世纪90年代末网络富源之后再也没有享受过原来的好日子。
考研英语阅读中英全文对照版 (9)
TEXT TWO
Galvanizedby the April tragedy at Virginia Tech, in which Seung Hui Cho killed 32 students and faculty members and then committed suicide, colleges and universities around the country are urgently taking stock of the reach and effectiveness of their mental-health services. The goal is not just to avoid another catastrophe caused by a deeply troubled student who fell through the cracks. It's also to face up to the needs of today's students, who increasingly struggle with eating disorders,schizophrenia,bipolardisorder, and depression. The rate of depression among college students has doubled in just 15 years; last year, some39;ve sometimes felt too depressed to function, according to an annual survey by the American College Health Association. Nine percent of college students seriously considered suicide.
考研英语经济类阅读理解及参考答案
考研英语经济类阅读理解及参考答案A battle between two energy exchangesOPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be a quaint, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to theNew York Mercantile Exchange NYMEX, the world's largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures, the benchmarkcontract for pricing two-thirds of the world's oil.The NYMEX is trying to snatch liquidity from London's International Petroleum Exchange IPE, which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has hitherto concentrated on WestTexas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE's efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPEdid away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in theopposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressurefrom "locals"--self-employed traders--is helping to prop up open-outcry, although some reckon that customers pay up to fivetimes as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to abolish its floor. Only last month it signed a lease, lasting until 2021, forits trading floor in London.Dublin's new pit is "showing promise", says Rob Laughlin, a trader withMan Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled5,726 lots of Brent each lot, orcontract, is 1,000 barrels, over a third of the volume in the IPE's new morning electronic session. By the year's end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will beviable. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained fasterthere than in Britain.Ultimately, having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable. Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex,Europe's largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little headway. And theNYMEX has dabbled in Brent contracts before, without success.Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not band together? There have been merger talks before, and something might yet happen. Some say that thefreewheeling NYMEX and the more staid IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will slug it out--across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Economist; 11/6/2021, Vol. 373 Issue 8400, p78-78, 1/2p, 1c注1：本文选自Economist;11/6/2021, p78-78, 1/2p, 1c;注2：本文习题命题模仿2001年真题text 2第1题1，text 4第2题2，text 1第2题4，2002年真题text 2第2题3，text 3第4题5;1.The NYMEX and IPE are___________.[A] both using open outcry trading as a major trading form[B] partners that are reciprocal in their business activities[C] rivals that are competing in the oil trading market[D] both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice2.According to the author, one of the reasons that the NYMEX takes open-outcry tradingis__________.[A] the preference of its customers[B] the standard practice of energy exchange[C] the long tradition of this trading practice[D] the nostalgic feeling it arouses3.The word “glitches” Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means_________.[A] backwardness[B] disappointments[C] engineers[D] problems4.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that_________.[A] trading volume in the IPE's new morning electronic session is falling[B] London is a better business location for energy exchanges than Dublin[C] Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of Ireland[D] the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that___________.[A] it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businesses[B] the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shown[C] the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each other[D] the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案：C A D B A篇章剖析本文介绍了两家能源交易所之间的商战。
考研英语阅读理解真题2001-2010翻译
2001 Passage 1专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
通过将学科细化，个人能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础。
但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。
另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
在科学领域内，专业与业余之间没有绝对的区分：任何规律都有其例外。
但是“业余”这个词的确具有特殊的含义，那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，具体地说，他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。
19世纪的专业化的发展，以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求，对业余人员进入科学界造成了更大的困难。
特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然尤为明显，这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。
对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物进行比较，我们不但发现人们对研究的重视程度在不断增加，而且人们对可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。
因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就可形成一种有价值的研究；而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被专业人员接受，那么它越来越倾向于必须体现或思考更广阔的地质面貌。
另一方面业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究。
其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强，这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。
这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。
类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果直到20世纪才充分显示出来。
然而，从科学这个整体来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期。
2001 Passage 2今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题——世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；这个差异确实存在，我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这个临近的危险。
考研英语阅读理解全文翻译
Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.习惯是件有趣的事情。
我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。
“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉•华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。
在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。
因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。
But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。
考研英语阅读理解精选之经济类
(三)经济类 Plumper How does the country’s economy compare with those of the EU? SOME of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000). One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about 0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros. Economist; 12/18/2004, Vol. 373 Issue 8406, p115-115, 2/5p 注(1)：本⽂选⾃Economist；12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p； 1.What is Turkey’s economic situation now? [A] Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members. [B] Its inflation rate is still rising. [C] Its economy grows faster than any EU member. [D] Its economic resilience is very strong. 2.We can infer from the second paragraph that__________. [A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members [B] inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high [C] Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate [D] IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU 3.The word “oscillated” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_________. [A] fell [B] climbed [C] developed [D] swang 4.Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________. [A] it’s stock is far less than that of other countries [B] it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress [C] steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment [D] Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment 5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________. [A] foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better [B] Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira [C] the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value [D] prices of goods will go up 篇章剖析 本篇⽂章是⼀篇说明⽂，介绍了⼟⽿其的经济状况。
(完整)考研英语阅读全文翻译
Text 1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养"，英国财政部大臣George Osborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周.还有什么能比这个更合理?下面是更明显的合理性.下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作.”帮助?真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平"的热情—-保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作.但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养-—如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系.现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”,条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。
考研英语经济类阅读理解
考研英语经济类阅读理解America's bond markets are due for scrutiny--and competitionCURIOUSLY, bonds were the first products traded on the New York Stock Exchange NYSE back in 1792. It took the exchange 30 years to put the "stock"in its name. The exchange lost any significant stake in the bond business generations ago. Now, though, caught in a war over the cost of trading shares, the NYSE quite rightly is looking at other markets with fatter spreads. Andits attention has settled on old haunts. It has begun talks with theSecurities and Exchange Commission SEC over permission to trade thousands of unlisted corporate bonds.The obvious attraction of the bond market is its size: some $10 trillion-worth of corporate bonds traded in 2021, a quarter more than the trading volume on the NYSE. And yet the bond market's size and maturity ought to mean that there are no rich pickings left. It has been hard, though, to tell how efficient bond markets are. In contrast to equities, information on the price of dealing in bonds has been scarce.That began to change two years ago when the National Association of Securities Dealers began collecting transaction prices. This month the SEC released a study, based on these data, by its own Amy Edwards and Michael Piwowar, and Lawrence Harris of the University of Southern California. For all but the largest investors, trading bonds is many times more expensive than trading stocks. This is odd. In theory bonds should be no more expensive to trade than equities.Even before sales commissions, the spread between what investors receive when selling $20,000-worth of corporate bonds and what they pay when buying is about 1.4%, or about one-quarter of a year's return. Costs are still higher in the convertible-bond market. And in the municipal-bond market, the spread reaches 2%, according to a similar study published by the SEC in the summer. All told, this is at least four times as expensive as a typical retail equity trade. The prices of most corporate bonds are reported soon after trading. But for the portion of the corporate-bond market where prices are still not required to be reported, a $2 trillion segment in 2021, the study reckons investors paid an additional $1 billion in trading costs.When trades are reported through the NASD, according to the study, trading costs fall by 10% to 14%. And that is only a start, because the NASD system is glacially slow, reporting prices with a 30-minute delay. Meanwhile, only dealers know where the market is trading. With immediate disclosure, says Mr Harris, transaction costs would undoubtedly fall farther. The benefits, he notes, would not be just to investors but to companies, because lower sales costs would make their debt more attractive to buyers. Bond dealers have long resisted efforts to shine a light on their markets. The study indicates why. For the NYSE, opportunity knocks.Economist; 10/16/2021, Vol. 373 Issue 8397, p70-70, 1/2p词汇注释bound market 债券市场due adj.常与for连用适当的;合适的;被期望的;约定、预期的scrutiny [5skru:tInI; ?@ 5skru:tEnI] n. 细阅;详细检查;仔细研究New York Stock Exchange NYSE 纽约证券交易所Securities and Exchange Commission 美国证券交易委员会National Association of Securities Dealers NASD 美国全国证券交易商协会spread n.差额;进出差价haunt n. 常去的地方; 动物等的栖息处; 罪犯等的巢穴pickings pl n. 外快，临时收入all told 一共;总计market n. 证券或商品的交易，买卖shine a light on sth. v. 使某事清楚明白地显示出来opportunity knocks机不可失，失不再来;鸿运当头参考译文成熟美国的债券市场需要进行仔细研究奇怪的是，早在1792 年，债券就是纽约证券交易所NYSE交易的第一个品种。
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考研英语经济类阅读理解及原文翻译考研英语经济类阅读理解及原文翻译：OPTIONS AHOYWhy investors like Korean blue chipsDESPITE the world economic downturn, South Koreas stockmarket has this year outperformed those of all other countries bar Russia. Its composite stock price index (Kospi) has risen by more than 25% since January 1st. The rally, which has been driven by foreign buying, is expected to continue next year, for two reasons: encouraging economic fundamentals, and the introduction of derivatives so beloved of the worlds hedge funds.On January 28th next year the Korea Stock Exchange is due to introduce option contracts on the shares of seven listed companies: SK Telecom, Korea Electric Power, Korea Telecom, Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor, Pohang Iron Steel and Kookmin Bank. And as early as July, the Financial Supervisory Commission is expected to allow investment banks to sell over-the-counter derivatives, such as equity or interest-rate swaps. Trading volume on the exchange will increase accordingly, says Lee Wonki at Merrill Lynch. Foreigners hold nearly 90 trillion won ($70 billion) of Korean shares, 37% of the market. Their slice of the trading of Kospi 200 index futures and options rose to 10% this year, from about 5% a year ago. But the Kospi index, covering 200 companies, is not the best way to hedge foreign portfolios, which are invested mainly in the seven blue-chipshares. Yet derivatives alone will not sustain Korean equities unless the economy turns around. There are signs that it has reached bottom, with real GDP estimated to have grown by at least 2.8% this year (slower than last year but higher than earlier forecasts of 2% or less). Jin Nyum, the finance minister, predicts that, although exports may suffer next year if the Japanese yen continues to fall, domestic demand and public spending will help real GDP to grow near to the countrys full potential of 5%.Some analysts argue that the recent market rise has been caused by investors blind faith in bank and technology shares. The latter rallied last month, but then hesitated as Micron, an American memory-chip maker, blew hot and cold on taking a stake in or allying with Hynix, Koreas debt-laden maker of memory chips.Nevertheless, the rally is likely to continue, says Koh Wonjong, of SG Securities in Seoul. That is because South Koreas industries are more diversified--into information technology, cars, shipbuilding, steel and services--than those of other Asian countries. In Taiwan, telecoms, media and technology shares account for 80% of the market.The restructuring of some big companies, such as Hynix and Daewoo Motor, remains incomplete, as does bank reform. But the past four years of financial and corporate change may soon pay off. For many companies, balance-sheet problems have turned into the need to measure profits, a far more welcome task.Economist; 12/22/2001, Vol. 361 Issue 8253, p86, 1/2p, 1 graph词汇注释bar prep. 除…之外rally n. 重整;(市场价格) 回升，跌后复升;恢复健康; 振作精神;集会, 大会;汽车赛会over-the-counter【证券】 (不通过交易所)买卖双方直接交易的，场外交易的(每位买者或卖者都是经过协议与议价来达成股票的买卖)option n. 选择权, [经]买卖的特权interest-rate swap 利率掉期;利率调期won [wCn] n. [sing., pl. ]圆(南北朝鲜的货币单位)index futures 指数期货hedge n. [经]对冲blow hot and cold (on, about) 出尔反尔;三心二意; 反复无常; 拿不定主意stake [steIk] n. (木头或金属的)柱，桩;股份;利害关系have [take] a stake in sth. 与某事有利害关系，与…休戚相关debt-laden 债台高筑的pay off 还清;偿清;报复;偿还;结清工资解雇(某人);成功参考译文选择权在招手为什么投资者对韩国蓝筹股情有独钟?尽管世界经济不景气, 但今年南韩的股市行情却比除俄国以外其他国家的股市都好。
自1月1日以来，韩国股市的综合股价指数(Kospi)上升了25%。
因外国股东购买股票而使韩国股市跌后复升的情况明年还有望持续下去，原因有二：它遵循令人鼓舞的经济基本法则;引入了为世界对冲基金所钟爱的衍生工具。
明年1月28日，韩国的证券交易所就将引入以下七家上市公司股票选择权契约：SK电信、韩国电力、韩国电信、三星电子、现代汽车、浦项钢铁和韩国国民银行。
7月份，预计金融监督管理委员会允许投资银行出售场外衍生工具，如股权或利率调期。
证券市场的交易额也将相应增加, 美林集团总裁Lee Wonki 说。
外国股东持有近90兆韩圆(700亿美元)的韩国股票, 占整个股市的37%。
他们的综合股价指数200期货和选择权的交易额从一年前的约5%上升到今年的10%。
但涉及200个公司的韩国综合股价指数不是限制外国股票投资的最好方式。
外国投资者的投资方向主要集中在七个蓝筹股上。
单衍生工具一项并不能支撑得起韩国的权益股本，除非经济明显好转。
有迹象显示，韩国的经济已降至谷底，今年韩国真实的国内生产总值估计至少增长了2.8%(低于去年的水平，但高于原先预测的2%或以下)。
韩国财政部长陈稔预言，虽然出口明年也许会受一些损失，但如果日元继续下跌，国内需求和政府开支将有助于真实的国内生产总值增长到全国全部潜能的5%。
有些分析人员争辩说，最近的市场攀高是由于投资者轻率盲目相信了银行和科技股造成的。
后者(科技股)上个月跌后复升, 但随后又像美光科技(美国的一家内存芯片生产厂家)那样出现徘徊不前的局面，这使那些与现代(韩国债台高筑的内存芯片制造商)利害相关或与之结盟的投资者拿不定主意。
然而, 股市上升走势可能还会继续下去, 设在汉城的SG证券Koh Wonjong 说，这是因为南韩的产业界比其它亚洲国家的产业界更具多样化——它有信息技术、汽车、造船、钢铁和服务业等行业，而在台湾，电信、媒介和技术股占了整个股市的80%。
对某些大公司——譬如现代和大宇汽车——的重组像银行改革一样尚不完善。
但过去四年金融界和产业界所发生的变化不久可能会初见成效。
对许多公司而言，资产负债表(问题处理)法已经成为衡量利润的需要，一项更合时宜的任务。
考研英语经济类阅读理解及原文翻译：Clattering over a moonscape The great railway revivalTHE train was running late, but the 35 aboriginal children who had travelled for two hours through the South Australian desert to meet it did not seem tomind. It was, after all, Australias and one of the worlds most unusual train journeys. When the Indian Pacific passenger train finally ground to a halt at Watson, a siding on Australias transcontinental line, the children burst into a rendition of a Spanish Christmas song, "Feliz Navidad", as Father Christmas disembarked to distribute gifts.Watson is a red desert moonscape on the Nullarbor Plain at the eastern end of the worlds longest stretch of straight rail track, 478km (297 miles). This is a mere one-tenth of the 4,352km, three-day journey the train was making between Sydney on Australias east coast and Perth on the west coast. The Indian Pacific and its predecessors, such as the Tea and Sugar Train that took provisions to isolated outback communities, were once symbols of Australias conquest of its vast distances. But by the 1990s, air travel and the neglect of Australias railways by their federal andstate-government owners almost killed the last east-west passenger train.After threatening to close the loss-making Indian Pacific, the federal government in Canberra sold it and the Ghan, another outback passenger train, to Great Southern Railway (GSR), a British-owned privateconsortium, in 1997. GSR has now turned a first-year loss of A$20m ($15m) into a small operating profit by restoring rolling stock, hiring young, multi-skilled, non-unionised crews and re-marketing the trains to locals and tourists alike. One innovation was to send the Indian Pacific on a whistle-stop Christmas run taking gifts and music to the outback. This years journey, the fifth, with impromptu concerts at remote sidings by Jimmy Barnes, an Australian rock star, drew the biggest crowds so far. Broken Hill, a town in western New South Wales struggling since its big silver, lead and zinc mine started winding down, now relies on the Indian Pacifics tourist passengers for economic lifeblood.The Ghans revival on the north-south transcontinental line has been even more remarkable. The 65,000-plus passengers it carried through the Northern Territory in 2004 were 60% more than in the previous year. Public interest grew after the opening of a new line between Alice Springs and Darwin, allowing people to make the two-day journey from Adelaide by rail for the first time. GSR plans to double the Ghans frequency in 2005.The railway revival still has inefficiencies to overcome. The Indian Pacific competes for space on the single track with trains that carry 80% of the freight between Australias east and west coasts. Though most of the line is straight and flat, speed limitations mean this is not a journey for anyone in a hurry.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Economist; 12/18/2004, Vol. 373 Issue 8406, p54-54, 2/5p注(1)：*选自Economist; 12/18/2004, p54-54, 2/5p;注(2)：*习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1;1.What was the Indian Pacific like before its selling to GSR?[A]It always posed a threat to the federal government.[B]It was mainly used for carrying cargos.[C]It almost broke down and collapsed.[D]It helped Australia conquer its vast land.2.Which of the following is not true about “the Indian Pacific”?[A]It was not popular with passengers with its low speed.[B]It used to be a symbol of Australias conquest of its vast distance.[C]It almost disappeared because of the air travel and the neglect of Australias railway.[D]Many ways have been adopted to revive it.3.The main idea of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 is that __________.[A]what is the use of reviving the railway[B]what effect the revival of the railway has brought about[C]how to deal with the difficulties in the development of railway[D]how the measures are adopted to revive the collapsing railways4.What benefit can the revival of the railway bring to some remote and rural area?[A]It can bring happiness to the children there.[B]It can help develop the economy.[C]It can lessen the burden of the government.[D]It can bring a lot of job opportunities.5.What difficulty is the Indian Pacific facing today?[A]The train goes so slowly that many people will not take it.[B]The space for developing the Indian Pacific is not large enough.[C]The frequency of using the single track line is low.[D]Carrying passengers is less profitable than carrying the freight.答案：CADBC篇章剖析*介绍了澳大利亚一些通往内地的乘客列车由于某些原因几乎陷入关闭的境地，现在澳大利亚正在掀起复兴铁路的热潮。