泛读4单词
英语专业泛读考试单词
泛读 1 unit2 fool's paradiseTake for grant 而不把、、、当回事convince [kən'vins]vt. 说服；使确信，使信服[ 过去式convinced 过去分词convinced 现在分词convincing ]consult [kɔn'sʌlt, 'kɔnsʌlt]vt. 查阅；商量；向…请教vi. 请教；商议；当顾问light up照亮；点亮arrangement [ə'reindʒmənt]n. 布置；整理；准备laden with充满，载满ravenously ['rævənəsli]adv. 贪婪的；渴望的；大嚼地dwelling ['dweliŋ]n. 住处；寓所v. 居住（dwell的现在分词）mourning ['mɔ:niŋ, 'məun-]n. 哀痛；服丧v. 哀伤；为…哀悼（mourn的ing形式）beside oneself极度兴奋；发狂Unit3 young william shakespeareorchard ['ɔ:tʃəd]n. 果园；果树林enraged [inreidg]adj. 暴怒的；忿怒填胸的v. 使发怒；触怒（enrage的过去分词）diligent ['dilidʒənt]adj. 勤勉的；用功的，费尽心血的expedition [,ekspi'diʃən]n. 远征；探险队；迅速monotonous [mə'nɔtənəs]adj. 单调的，无抑扬顿挫的；无变化的insignificant [,insig'nifikənt]adj. 无关紧要的significant [sig'nifikənt]adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物[ 比较级more significant 最高级most significant ]Do costumesversatile ['və:sətail]adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的rehearsal [ri'hə:səl]n. 排演；预演；练习；训练；叙述Unit 4 migratory birds and coffeesanctuary ['sæŋktju'ri, -tʃuə-]n. 避难所；至圣所；耶路撒冷的神殿[ 复数sanctuaries ]habitatsn. 栖息地；（动植物的）产地（habitat的复数形式）canopy ['kænəpi]n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹vt. 用天蓬遮盖；遮盖[ 复数canopies 过去式canopied 去分词canopied 现在分词canopying ]convert [kən'və:t]vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者compatible [kəm'pætəbl]adj. 兼容的；能共处的；可并立的compatible withadj. 与……和谐相处；与……相配的amphibian [æm'fibiən]n. 两栖动物；水陆两用飞机；具有双重性格的人adj. 两栖类的；水陆两用的；具有双重性格的safeguarding ['seifga:dŋ]n. 安全防护；安全措施v. 保护（safeguard的ing形式）；保卫deliberate [di'libərət]adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的vt. 仔细考虑；商议[ 过去式deliberated 过去分词deliberated 现在分词deliberating ]temperate ['tempərit]adj. 温和的；适度的；有节制的[ 比较级more temperate 最高级most temperate ]Unit 6 the call of the wildgrowl [ɡraul]vi. 咆哮着说vt. 咆哮；（雷电，炮等）轰鸣n. 咆哮声；吠声；不平let go松手；放手松手；放开；放掉，释放；使射出，(自愿)放弃，忽略；忘记，断裂，解雇，无拘无束crash [kræʃ]n. 碰撞；崩溃；坠落vt. 坠落；破碎；撞碎vi. 碰撞；坠毁；闯；突然倒台adj. 速成的[ 第三人称单数crashes 过去式crashed 过去分词crashed 现在分词crashing ]broken ['brəukən]adj. 破碎的；坏掉的v. 折断；打碎；损坏（break的过去分词）obey [əu'bei]vt. 服从，听从；按照……行动vi. 服从，顺从；听话notice ['nəutis]n. 通知，布告；注意；公告vt. 通知；注意到；留心vi. 引起注意[ 过去式noticed 过去分词noticed 现在分词noticing ]chase away赶走；驱逐throw oneself at向…猛扑过去；拼命讨好disappear [,disə'piə]vi. 消失；失踪；不复存在vt. 使…不存在；使…消失Unit 9 techniques that might smile upon mona lisaintersect [,intə'sekt]vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿devise [di'vaiz]vt. 设计；想出；发明；图谋；遗赠给n. 遗赠[ 过去式devised 过去分词devised 现分humidity [hju:'midəti]n. 湿度；湿气resilient [ri'ziliənt, -jənt]adj. 弹回的，有弹力的contract ['kɔntrækt, kən'trækt]vi. 收缩；感染；订约vt. 感染；订约；使缩短n. 合同；婚约elastic [i'læstik]adj. 有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的n. 松紧带；橡皮圈subject ['sʌbdʒikt, -dʒe-, səb'dʒekt]n. 主题；科目；主语；国民adj. 服从的；易患…的；受制于…的vt. 使…隶属；使屈从于…undeterred [ʌndi'tə:d]adj. 未受阻的；未被吓住的vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl]adj. 易受攻击的，易受…的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的confirm [kən'fə:m]vt. 确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固differ ['difə]vt. 使…相异；使…不同vi. 相异；意见分歧intrigue [in'tri:ɡ, 'in-]n. 阴谋；诡计；复杂的事；私通vt. 用诡计取得；激起...的兴趣vi. 私通；密谋[ 过去式intrigued 过去分词intrigued 现在分词intriguing ]book2 unit the shadowland of dreamrequite [ri'kwait]vt. 报答，回报；酬谢[ 过去式requited 过去分词requited 现在分词requiting ] prospect ['prɔspekt]n. 前途；预期；景色vi. 勘探，找矿vt. 勘探，勘察station ['steiʃən]n. 站；驻地；地位；身分on the side另外；作为兼职well up涌出；流露；萌发veteran ['vetərən]n. 老兵；老手；富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的wilted [wiltid]adj. 枯萎的；萎蔫的v. 枯萎；衰弱（wilt的过去分词）wilt [wilt]vt. 使枯萎；使畏缩；使衰弱vi. 枯萎；畏缩；衰弱n. 枯萎；憔悴；衰弱limelight ['laimlait]n. 石灰光，石灰光灯；众人注目的中心vt. 使显露头角，使受到注目[ 过去式limelighted或-lit 过去分词limelighted或-lit 现在分词limelighting ]短语1.fond of the limelight爱出风头，爱引人注意2.in the limelighta. 【戏剧】处于舞台聚光灯照射的地方；有聚光灯的照耀下b. 引人注目；处于显要地3.steal the limelight把人们(或观众)的注意力从别处吸引过来，出尽风头；抢镜头exhilarating [iɡ'ziləreitiŋ]adj. 使人愉快的；令人喜欢的；爽快的v. 使高兴，使兴奋（exhilarate的现在corroded [kə'rəudid]adj. 侵蚀的，已被腐蚀的corrode [kə'rəud]vt. 侵蚀；损害vi. 受腐蚀；起腐蚀作用Unit 3 recyclingdivert [dai'və:t, di-]vt. 转移；使…欢娱；使…转向vi. 转移stack [stæk]n. 堆；堆叠vt. 使堆叠；把…堆积起来impact ['impækt, im'pækt]vt. 影响；撞击；冲突；压紧vi. 冲击；产生影响n. 影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力vi. 堆积，堆叠insulate ['insjuleit, 'insə-]vt. 隔离，使孤立；[物]使绝缘，使隔热[ 过去式insulated 过去分词insulated 现在分词insulating ]casual ['kæʒjuəl]adj. 随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的n. 便装；临时工人；待命士兵[ 比较级more casual 最高级most casual ]demolition [,demə'liʃən]n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏fad [fæd]n. 时尚；一时的爱好；一时流行的狂热discard [dis'kɑ:d, 'diskɑ:d]vt. 抛弃；放弃；丢弃vi. 放弃n. 抛弃；被丢弃的东西或人garbage ['ɡɑ:bidʒ]n. 垃圾；废物viability [,vaiə'biliti]n. 生存能力，发育能力；可行性consistently [kən'sistəntli]adv. 一贯地；一致地；坚实地hold on不挂断电话，等一下；继续hold down ['həulddaun]抑制；压制；保有Unit 6 fathers &sons: the bonding processwallow ['wɔləu]vi. 打滚；沉迷；颠簸n. 打滚；堕落；泥坑combat ['kɔmbæt, kəm'bæt]vt. 反对；与…战斗vi. 战斗；搏斗n. 战斗；争论adj. 战斗的；为…斗争的[ 过去式combated或combatted 过去分词combated或combatted 现在分词combating或combatting ]scouredv. 擦洗；腐蚀；摩擦（scour的过去式）scour ['skauə]vi. 冲刷；擦；腹泻vt. 擦亮，洗涤；冲洗，清除n. 擦，冲刷；洗涤剂；（畜类等的）腹泻hinged [hindʒd]adj. 有铰链的；铰链式的v. 给…装上绞链；依…而定（hinge的过去分词）hinge [hindʒ]n. 铰链；枢纽；关键vt. 给…安装铰链vi. 依…而转移[ 过去式hinged 过去分词hinged 现在分词hinging ]appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi. 增值；涨价[ 过去式appreciated 过去分词appreciated 现在分词appreciating ]endeavor [in'devə]n. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）vi. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）vt. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）abundance [ə'bʌndəns]n. 充裕，丰富sacrifice ['sækrifais]n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi. 献祭；奉献[ 过去式sacrificed 过去分词sacrificed 现在分词sacrificing ]salute [sə'lju:t, sɑ:'lu:te]n. 致敬，欢迎；敬礼vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎vi. 致意，打招呼；行礼[ 过去式saluted 过去分词saluted 现在分词saluting ]celebritiesn. 名人（celebrity的复数）；名誉demonsn. 魔族，恶魔；守护程序demon ['di:mən]n. 恶魔；魔鬼；精力充沛的人；邪恶的事物encompass [in'kʌmpəs]vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成Unit 11 the rocking-house winneradore [ə'dɔ:]vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；[口]极喜欢vi. 崇拜；爱慕[ 过去式adored 过去分词adored 现在分词adoring ]discreet [dis'kri:t]adj. 谨慎的；小心的materialize [mə'tiəriəlaiz]vt. 使具体化，使有形；使突然出现；使重物质而轻精神vi. 实现，成形；突然出现[ 过去式materialized 过去分词materialized 现在分词materializing ]frenzy ['frenzi]n. 狂暴；狂怒；暴怒vt. 使发狂；使狂怒[ 复数frenzies 过去式frenzied 过去分词frenzied 现在分词frenzying ]career [kə'riə]n. 事业，职业；生涯post [pəust]n. 岗位；邮件；标杆vt. 张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi. 快速行进pursue [pə'sju:, -'su:]vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠vi. 追赶；继续进行[ 过去式pursued 过去分词pursued 现在分词pursuing ]Not to let it beyond us threeLet it go 放手，任它去Let sb go 释放，解雇Unit 12 social critic with ververecuperate [ri'kju:pəreit]vi. 恢复，复原；挽回损失vt. 恢复，使恢复健康[ 过去式recuperated 过去分词recuperated 现在分词recuperating ]torment [tɔ:'ment, 'tɔ:m-]vt. 折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源dissertation [,disə'teiʃən]n. 论文，专题；学术演讲lavish ['læviʃ]adj. 浪费的；丰富的；大方的vt. 浪费；慷慨给予；滥用champion ['tʃæmpiən]n. 冠军；拥护者；战士vt. 支持；拥护adj. 优胜的；第一流的underwent [,ʌndə'went]v. 经验；遭遇（undergo的过去式）condemned [kən'demd]adj. 已被定罪的；被责难的condemn [kən'dem]vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨envoy ['envɔi]n. 使者；全权公使miniature ['miniətʃə]adj. 微型的，小规模的n. 缩图；微型画；微型图画绘画术vt. 是…的缩影[ 过去式miniatured 过去分词miniatured 现在分词miniaturing ]rapturous ['ræptʃərəs]adj. 狂喜的；兴高采烈的；欢天喜地的[ 比较级more rapturous 最高级most rapturous ]。
英语泛读四word_pretest
英语泛读四word_pretestWord pretestUnit 11.What is your assessment of this state of affairs? 评定；估价A. evaluation 评价；评估；估价B. prediction 预报；语言C. position 位置2.He teaches a remedial class for first-graders. 治疗的；补救的；矫正的A. elementary 基本的；初级的B. advanced 高级的；先进的C. helping 辅助的3.We received a lift from his speech. 提升A. message 消息；启示B. encouragement 鼓励C. disappointment 失望；沮丧4.The ability to speak several languages was among his attainments. 造诣；成就A. merits 优点；功绩B. achievements 业绩；获得C. virtues 优点；美德5.He drove at a constant speed. 不变的；恒定的A. unchanging 不变的B. various 各种各样的C. great 伟大的；重大的；极好的6.We made plans for a visit, but subsequent difficulties with the car prevented it. 后来的A. unexpected 意外的，想不到的B. continuous 连续的，持续的C. later 后来的7.The prospective member of Parliament for our town will be introduced to the localparty tonight. 未来的；预期的A. ambitious 有目标的B. promising 有前途的C. expected 预期的；预料的8.I didn’t know anything about any of the books so my choice was quite arbitrary. 任意的A. based on factsB. based on reasonC. based on chance or personal opinionUnit 21.The camera panned from her face to a middle-aged man. 被摇动A. turned off 关掉B. fixed 固定C. was moved 移动2.The candle flickered in the breeze. 闪烁A. shined brightlyB. shined steadilyC. shined unsteadily3.The message extinguished her hopes of Richard’s return. 熄灭；灭绝A. raised 提高；举起B. destroyed 破坏C. questioned 怀疑；询问4.The explosion sent the aircraft plummeting towards the sea.垂直落下A. falling headlong 头向地B. shooting upward 向上C. flying quickly迅速地5.The gang tried to intimidate the merchant. 恐吓，威胁A. encourageB. frightenC. catch6.The author’s latest book eclipses all his previous ones. 遮暗；使黯然失色A. displays 显示B. casts a shadow upon 投阴影C. surpasses 超越；胜过，优于7.It is 250 years since the wolf became extinct in Britain. 灭绝A. still livingB. no longer in existenceC. not easily found8.The stern old faiths have all pulverized. 粉碎A. become strongerB. been shattered 打碎；削弱C. been crushed 压碎9.By some fluke the judges passed over the obvious choices and chose her. 侥幸A. successB. accidentC. breeze 微风；轻而易举的事10.The blizzard brought 60-mile-an-hour winds and 2 feet of snow. 暴风雪A. windB. earthquakeC. snowstorm11.The widow gave a plaintive wail at the grave side. 哀伤的；悲哀的A. sadB. hysteric 亢奋的C. lonelyUnit 31.Those who left for reasons other than a well-founded fear of persecution weredesignated for repatriation. 遣返A. punishment 惩罚B. imprisonment 监禁C. sending back to their own country2.We mustn’t let things fester. 溃烂A. remain the sameB. change for the betterC. become worse3.He sought asylum in Brazil. 庇护；收容所A. mental hospitalB. protection given to a person by his home countryC. protection given to a person by one country from arrest in another4.He has been an exile for fifteen years. 流放A. a person who has been living abroadB. a person who has been involved in political activitiesC. a person who has been forced to leave his home country for political reasons5.Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances. 适应A. adapts himself toB. finds a lodging in 占阵地C. makes a close study of6.He gave her a gold brooch as a token of esteem. 作为标志A. an expressionB. a giftC. a badge 标记7.The main impediment to development is the country’s huge foreign debt. 妨碍；阻止A. aid 帮助B. block 障碍物C. way8.The country is now undergoing economic rehabilitation. 恢复A. reform 改革B. crisis 危机C. recovery 恢复，复原Unit 41.Galilee had been under siege for months. 包围A. imprisonment 监禁B. surrounding and attacking 包围攻击C. pressure 压迫2.Puffs of smoke were swirling up. 打旋A. moving back and forth来回地B. moving round and round不停旋转C. moving to and fro 来回地3.The university conferred an honorary degree on him. 授予A. createdB. gaveC. received4.We fought with tooth and nail to get our plans accepted.拼命，竭尽全力A. teeth and fists 牙齿、拳头B. great force or determination 力量、决心C. biting and hitting 咬、打5.How could they have justified all the violence unleashed on the prisoners? 释放，解放A. releasedB. usedC. controlled6.The assistant coveted the boss’s job. 垂涎；渴望；贪图A. desiredB. refusedC. did7.Both sides offered statistics to bolster their arguments. 支持；支撑A. weakenB. presentC. support8.He finally succumbed to the temptation to have another drink. 屈服于A. gave up 放弃；交出B. gave in 屈服；让步C. gave out 分发；公布9.Marx spoke of emancipation of mankind. 解放；释放A. struggleB. revolutionC. liberationUnit 51.Personally, I do not have any animosity against him. 憎恶，仇恨A. hatred 憎恨；怨恨B. hospitality 好客；殷勤C. sympathy 同情；慰问；赞同2.His voice is imbued with so much enthusiasm that we all get moved. 充满A. infected 传染B. embedded 嵌入C. filled 填满3.Modernization helps countries to transcend the political and economic boundaries. 胜过，超越A. abolish 废除；取消B. ignore 忽略；不理睬C. go beyond 超出；胜过4.This kind of plants is indigenous, and cannot be found in other areas. 本土的；土著的A. newB. localC. fragile 脆的；易碎的5.Neighboring countries usually form various kinds of blocs to strengthen their politicaland economic links. 集团A. blocks 街区B. alliances 联盟C. treaties 条约6.Only one country refuses to be a participant of the entity. 实体；存在；本质A. illusion 幻觉，错觉B. program 程序，计划C. being 存在；本质7.Good communicative skills are considered to be a prerequisite to get adapted to this job. 先决条件A. qualification 资格；条件B. precondition 前提；先决条件C. strength 长处8.The honor will give you further impetus to surmount whatever difficulty you mayencounter in your pursuit. 动力；促进；冲力A. force 力量；武力B. motivation 动机；动力C. speed 速度Unit 61.I don’t want to get married because I don’t want any commitments. 承诺，保证A. responsibilitiesB. houseworkC. worries2.Against all the odds he recovered from his illness. 困难；不利A. probability 可能性B. strangeness 陌生；冷淡C. expectations 期望；预期3.Anti-Semitism refers to hatred of ________. 反犹太主义A. Christians 基督徒B. Muslims 穆斯林C. Jews 犹太教4.Of the ten board members, only one dissented. 异议；不同意A. disagreedB. agreedC. refused5.Jack underwent three successive operations on the leg in two weeks. 连续的；依次的A. happening now and thenB. happening one after anotherC. successful6.“Honesty is the best policy”was his creed in all his business dealings. 信条，教义A. slogan 标语；呐喊声B. wayC. belief7.The passage across Belfast was very rough.走廊；通路A. corridor 走廊B. journey 旅行；行程C. excerpt 摘录，引用8.I admire their enterprise in trying to start up a new business. 企业；事业；进取心；事业心A. entertainment 娱乐；消遣B. company 公司；陪伴C. boldness 大胆；冒失9.We are fighting to retain some independence. 保持；雇；记住A. getB. keepC. winUnit 71.Crossing the country in wagons did not daunt the early pioneers. 使气馁，使畏缩；威吓A. encourageB. confuseC. frighten2.The mountain climbers were in imminent danger. 急迫的；迫切的A. immense 巨大的，广大的B. immediate 立即的；直接的C. future 将来的3.She speaks with a pronounced French accent. 显著的；断然的A. strongly markedB. thinly disguisedC. surprisingly strange4.No model can ever be a perfect analogue of nature itself. 类似物；类似的情况A. something that is different from another thingB. something that is similar to another thingC. something that is better than another thing5.The success of the operation attests the surgeon’s skill. 证明；证实；作证A. proves 证明B. denies 否认；拒绝C. assesses 评定；估价6.There are only three extant copies of the book. 现存的；显著的A. extinct 灭绝的；熄灭的B. precious 宝贵的；珍贵的C. existing 目前的7.The book is out of print and difficult to procure. 取得；获得A. keepB. sellC. obtain8.The spectre of neo fascism, as he put it, was stalking the streets of Sophia and other big cities.追踪，潜近A. moving silently throughB. blocking completelyC. marching noisily on9.The war caused great detriment to the nation’s economy. 损害；伤害；损害物A. damageB. improvementC. change10.The fog dissipated when the sun came out. 消散；浪费A. formed 成形B. disappeared 消失；失踪C. wasted 浪费Unit 81.They have been overcoming difficulties since the inception of the enterprise. 开端A. conception 概念；设想；开始B. formation 形成；构造C. birth 出生；起源2.The main plank in their election programme is the promise to cut taxes. 支架；条款A. planB. policyC. wooden board 木板3.An irrevocable decision was finally made by the committee.不可改变的；不能取消的A. unalterable 不能改变的B. inevitable 必然的C. changeable 可改变的4.The smuggled goods were confiscated by the customs authorities. 充公，没收A. collected 收集；聚集B. seized 逮住；咬住C. received 收到；接受5.They were guilty of barbarous atrocities. 暴行；残忍A. actionsB. cruelties 残酷；残忍C. instances 例子；实体6.I made what I thought was a perfect innocuous remark and he got most upset. 无害的；无伤大雅的A. casualB. harmlessC. hurting7.When the soldiers act in defiance of orders, they will be severely punished. 不顾，无视A. defence 防御；防卫B. disobedience 不服从；违反C. violation 违反；妨碍8.She couldn’t fathom why McCurry was causing such a scene. 看穿；了解A. measure 测量；估量B. understandC. believe9.He is under the delusion that he can beat his opponent. 迷惑，欺骗；错觉；幻想A. opinionB. false impression 错误的印象C. belief 信仰10.Chalk and cheese are disparate substances. 不同的；不相干的A. similarB. differentC. relevant 有关的Unit 91.Her nervous behavior testifies to her guilt. 证明；说明A. denies 否认；拒绝B. shows 解释；出示C. contradicts 反驳；否认2.He rectified the earlier judgment. 调整；矫正A. changedB. modified 修改；缓和C. corrected 纠正；改正3.Don’t compound your mistake by lying to the police. 合成；搀合；和解A. exacerbate 使加剧；激怒B. simplify 简化；使简易C. repeat 重复4.Their attempt to recapture Calais was foiled by a traitor. 阻止A. discovered 发现B. thwarted 挫败；反对C. helped5.The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 供选择的A. decision 决定B. option 选项C. action 行动；活动6.The government has taken action to restrain inflation. 抑制，控制；约束；制止A. stop 停止；中止B. solve 解决；解答C. control 控制7.He sits on the consultative committee. 委员会A. budget 预算B. public relations 公共关系C. advisory 报告；公告8.They are making efforts to improve the bilateral relations. 双重的A. affecting one partyB. affecting two partiesC. affecting three parties。
大学泛读课程第一册1-4单元单词
大学泛读课程第一册1-4单元单词1, territory ['terit?ri]n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图2, priest [pri:st]n. 牧师；神父；教士vt. 使成为神职人员；任命…为祭司3, illiterate [i'lit?r?t]n. 文盲adj. 文盲的；不识字的；没受教育的4, tenant ['ten?nt]n. 承租人；房客；佃户；居住者vt. 租借（常用于被动语态）5, kentucky [ken't?ki; k?n-]n. 肯塔基州6, lyrical ['lirik?l]adj. 抒情诗调的；感情丰富的；充满愉悦的7, blaze down(阳光)猛烈照射下来，猛烈晒烤，炽烈地照着：；燃烧着往下掉，起火落下：8, wilt [wilt]n. 枯萎；憔悴；衰弱vi. 枯萎；畏缩；衰弱vt. 使枯萎；使畏缩；使衰弱9, fence ['fens]n. 栅栏；围墙；剑术vt. 防护；用篱笆围住；练习剑术vi. 击剑；搪塞；围以栅栏；跳过栅栏10, chestnut ['t?esn?t]n. 栗子；栗色；[园艺] 栗树；栗色马adj. 栗色的11, oak [?uk]n. 橡树；橡木色；橡木家具adj. 栎树的；栎木制的12, bit offbit off: 截断bit her tongue off: 保持缄默bit our tongues off: 保持缄默13, trambletramble: 打战抖TRAMBLE CHUMBLE SIFF: 现代摇滚乐14, stubble ['st?bl]n. 残株；发茬，须茬15, corn [k?:n]n. （美）玉米；（英）谷物；[皮肤] 鸡眼vt. 腌；使成颗粒16, balk [b?:k]n. 障碍；错误vi. 犹豫；突然止步不前vt. 阻止；推诿；错过17, squirrel ['skw?:r?l, 'skwi-, 'skw?-]n. 松鼠；松鼠毛皮vt. 贮藏18, whistle ['hwisl]n. 口哨；汽笛；啸啸声vt. 吹口哨；鸣汽笛（过去式whistled，过去分词whistled，现在分词whistling，第三人称单数whistles）19, treetop ['tri:t?p]n. 树顶；树稍20, stalk [st?:k]n. （植物的）茎，秆；（支持叶子、果实和花的）梗，柄；追踪；高视阔步vt. 追踪，潜近；高视阔步vi. 高视阔步地走；潜近，偷偷接近21, root [ru:t, rut]n. 根；根源；词根；祖先vt. 生根，固定；根源在于vi. 生根；根除22, grain [ɡrein]n. 粮食；颗粒；[作物] 谷物；纹理vt. 使成谷粒vi. 成谷粒23, sprout [spraut]n. 芽；萌芽；苗芽vt. 使发芽；使萌芽vi. 发芽；长芽24, row [r?u]n. 行，排；划船；街道；吵闹vt. 划船；使……成排vi. 划船；争吵25, dust [d?st]n. 灰尘；尘埃；尘土vt. 撒；拂去灰尘vi. 拂去灰尘；化为粉末26, swirl [sw?:l]n. 漩涡；打旋；涡状形vi. 盘绕；打旋；眩晕；大口喝酒vt. 使成漩涡27, snap [sn?p]n. 猛咬；劈啪声；突然折断adj. 突然的vt. 突然折断，拉断；猛咬；啪地关上vi. 咬；厉声说；咯嗒一声关上28, strike [straik]n. 罢工；打击；殴打vi. 打，打击；罢工；敲，敲击；抓；打动；穿透vt. 打，击；罢工；撞击，冲击；侵袭；打动；到达29, off guard不提防；不警惕30, crawl [kr?:l]n. 爬行；养鱼池；匍匐而行vt. 爬行；缓慢地行进vi. 爬行；匍匐行进31, heap [hi:p]n. 堆；许多；累积vt. 堆；堆积vi. 堆起来32, loamy ['l?umi]adj. 肥沃的33, bench [bent?]鞍部n. 长凳；工作台；替补队员vt. 给…以席位；为…设置条凳34, mat [m?t]n. 垫；垫子；衬边adj. 无光泽的vt. 缠结；铺席于……上vi. 纠缠在一起35, cliff [klif]n. 悬崖；绝壁36, poise [p?iz]n. 平衡；姿势；镇静vi. 平衡；准备好；悬着vt. 使平衡；保持...姿势37, grab [ɡr?b]n. 攫取；霸占；夺取之物vt. 攫取；霸占；将…深深吸引vi. 攫取；夺取38, patch [p?t?]n. 眼罩；斑点；碎片；小块土地vi. 打补丁vt. 修补；解决；掩饰39, crack [kr?k] n. 裂缝；声变；噼啪声adj. 最好的；高明的vi. 破裂；爆裂vt. 使破裂；打开；变声40, whip [hwip]n. 鞭子；抽打；车夫；[机] 搅拌器vt. 抽打；煽动；搅打（蛋，奶油）；彻底击败vi. 抽打；急走；拍击41, curve [k?:v]n. 曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表adj. 弯曲的；曲线形的vt. 弯；使弯曲vi. 成曲形42, pellet ['pelit]n. 小球；[军] 小子弹（枪用）vt. 将…制成丸状；用子弹打；用小球扔43, sling [sli?]n. [机] 吊索；投石器；抛掷vt. 用投石器投掷；吊起44, spurt [sp?:t]n. 冲刺；喷射vi. 冲刺；喷出；迸发vt. 喷射；喷出45, hatch [h?t?]n. 孵化；舱口vt. 孵；策划vi. 孵化46, incubate ['inkjubeit]n. 孵育物vt. 孵化；培养；温育；逐渐发展vi. 孵化；酝酿47, writhingvt. 翻滚，打滚；因剧痛扭动/蠕动；盘绕（writhe的现在分词）48, weed [wi:d]n. 杂草，野草；菸草vt. 除草；铲除vi. 除草49, viciously ['vi??sli]adv. 邪恶地；敌意地50, limp [limp]n. 跛行vi. 跛行，一拐一拐地走；缓慢费力地前进adj. 柔软的，无力的；软弱的51, limber ['limb?]adj. 柔软的；敏捷的vt. 使柔软；将接在前车上vi. 做准备活动52, shoestring ['?u:stri?]n. 鞋带；小额资本；零星资金adj. 小本经营的；微弱的53, riddled ['ridld]wound closelyv. 解谜；出谜题（riddle的过去分词形式）adj. 充斥的；泛滥的54, quiver ['kwiv?]n. 颤抖；箭袋；震动vi. 颤抖；振动vt. 使…颤动；抖动55, quail [kweil]n. 鹌鹑vi. 畏缩，胆怯；感到恐惧56, immature [,im?'tju?]adj. 不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的57, shell [?el]n. 壳，贝壳；炮弹；外形vt. 剥皮；炮轰vi. 剥落；设定命令行解释器的位置58, watery ['w?:t?ri, 'w?-]adj. 水的；淡的；湿的；松软的；有雨意的59, devour [di'vau?] vt. 吞食；毁灭；凝视60, pant [p?nt]n. 气喘；喘息；喷气声vt. 气喘vi. 喘息；渴望；气喘吁吁地说出某事61, fleck [flek]n. 斑点；微粒，小片vt. 使起斑点；使有斑驳62, sport [sp?:t]n. 运动；游戏；娱乐；运动会；玩笑adj. 运动的vt. 游戏；参加体育运动；夸耀vi. 游戏63, foam [f?um]n. 泡沫；水沫；灭火泡沫vt. 使起泡沫；使成泡沫状物vi. 起泡沫；吐白沫；起着泡沫流动64, drip [drip]n. 水滴，滴水声；静脉滴注；使人厌烦的人vt. 使滴下；溢出，发出vi. 滴下；充满；漏下65, shaggy ['??ɡi]adj. 蓬松的；表面粗糙的；毛发粗浓杂乱的66, ridge [rid?]n. 山脊；山脉；屋脊vt. 使成脊状；作垄vi. 成脊状67, lark [lɑ:k]n. 云雀；百灵鸟；欢乐vt. 愚弄vi. 骑马玩乐；嬉耍68, pine tree松树69, pasture ['pɑ:st??, 'p?s-]n. 草地；牧场；牧草vt. 放牧；吃草70, agony ['?ɡ?ni]n. 苦恼；极大的痛苦；临死的挣扎71, posthole ['p?ust,h?ul]n. [建] 柱坑；为插杆在地上所掘的洞72, digger ['diɡ?]n. 挖掘机；挖掘者；矿工；以色相骗钱的女人；扒手73, ax [?ks] n. 斧头vt. 削减；用斧修整；解雇74, spud [sp?d]n. 马铃薯；小锄头；剥取树皮用的刀vt. 用小锄头挖掘75, cock [k?k]n. 公鸡；龙头；雄鸟；头目vt. 使竖起；使耸立；使朝上vi. 翘起；竖起；大摇大摆76, crow [kr?u]n. [鸟] 乌鸦；鸡鸣；撬棍vi. 啼叫；报晓77, mattock ['m?t?k]n. 鹤嘴锄，十字銶78, dew [dju:, du:]n. 珠，滴；露水；清新vt. （露水等）弄湿vi. 结露水79, dewy ['dju:i]adj. 带露水的，露湿的；如露的80, heave [hi:v]n. 举起；起伏；投掷；一阵呕吐vt. 举起；使起伏；投掷；恶心；发出（叹息等）vi. 起伏；举起；喘息；呕吐81, windlass ['windl?s]n. 绞盘，辘轳；卷扬机vt. 用绞盘吊起82, mate [meit]n. 助手，大副；配偶；同事；配对物vt. 使配对；使一致；结伴vi. 交配；成配偶；紧密配合83, doom [du:m]n. 厄运；死亡；判决；世界末日vt. 注定；判决；使失败84, trail [treil]n. 小径；痕迹；尾部；踪迹vt. 追踪；拖；蔓延；落后于vi. 飘出；蔓生；垂下；拖曳85, shed [?ed]n. 小屋，棚；分水岭vt. 流出；摆脱；散发；倾吐vi. 流出；脱落；散布86, coil [k?il]n. 线圈；卷vt. 盘绕，把…卷成圈vi. 成圈状87, sick [sik]vt. 使狗去咬；呕吐；追击n. 病人adj. 厌恶的；病态的；不舒服；渴望的；恶心的88, shiver ['?iv?] n. 颤抖，战栗；碎片vi. 颤抖；哆嗦；打碎vt. 颤抖；打碎89, stiff [stif]n. 死尸；令人讨厌者；流通票据；劳动者adj. 呆板的；坚硬的；严厉的；拘谨的；拘谨的vt. 亏待侍者等adv. 僵硬地；彻底地vi. 在商业上惨败90, droop [dru:p] n. 下垂；消沉vt. 使…下垂vi. 下垂；萎靡；凋萎91, vigilant ['vid?il?nt]adj. 警惕的；警醒的；注意的；警戒的92, trickle ['trikl]n. 滴，淌；细流vt. 使…滴；使…淌；使…细细地流vi. 滴；细细地流；慢慢地移动93, gush [ɡ??]n. 涌出；迸发v. 涌出；迸出94, oppress [?'pres]vt. 压迫，压抑；使……烦恼；使……感到沉重95, consume [k?n'sju:m]vt. 消耗，消费；使…著迷；挥霍vi. 耗尽，毁灭；耗尽生命96, conceive [k?n'si:v]vi. 怀孕；设想；考虑vt. 怀孕；构思；以为；持有97, ecstasy ['ekst?si]n. 狂喜；入迷；忘形98, destruction [di'str?k??n]n. 破坏，毁灭；摧毁99, surpass [s?'pɑ:s, -'p?s]vt. 超越；胜过，优于；非…所能办到或理解100, index ['indeks] n. 指标；指数；索引；指针vt. 指出；编入索引中vi. 做索引101, glossary ['ɡl?s?ri]n. 术语（特殊用语）表；词汇表；专业词典102, appendix [?'pendiks]n. 附录；阑尾；附加物103, bibliography [,bibli'?ɡr?fi]n. 参考书目；文献目录104, identical [ai'dentik?l]n. 完全相同的事物adj. 同一的；完全相同的105, numerous ['nju:m?r?s]adj. 许多的，很多的106, commitment [k?'mitm?nt]n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身107, counseling ['kauns?li?]n. 咨询服务v. 建议；劝告；商讨（counsel的ing形式）108, sacrifice ['s?krifais]n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi. 献祭；奉献109, dignity ['diɡn?ti]n. 尊严；高贵110, administrator [?d'ministreit?]n. 管理人；行政官111, prolific [pr?u'lifik]adj. 多产的；丰富的112, regionalist ['ri:d??n?list]n. 地方主义作家；地方主义者113, dove [d?v]n. 鸽子；鸽派人士v. 潜水（dive的过去式）114, pigeon ['pid?in]n. 鸽子115, lure [lju?]n. 诱惑；饵；诱惑物vt. 诱惑；引诱116, bait [beit]n. 饵；诱饵vt. 引诱；在…中放诱饵；折磨vi. 中途休息117, murderer ['m?:d?r?]n. 凶手；谋杀犯118, dreadful ['dredful]adj. 可怕的；糟透的，令人不快的119, periodical [,pi?ri'?dik?l]n. 期刊；杂志adj. [数] 周期的；定期的120, demonstrate ['dem?nstreit]vt. 证明；展示；论证vi. 示威121, democracy [di'm?kr?si]n. 民主，民主主义；民主政治122, illusion [i'lju:??n]n. 幻觉，错觉；错误的观念或信仰123, funfair ['f?nfe?]n. 游乐场；游艺集市124, recapture [,ri:'k?pt??] vt. 夺回；拿回；再体验；政府征收再经历n. 夺回；取回；政府对公司超额收益或利润的征收125, silliness ['silinis]n. 愚蠢；糊涂126, echo ['ek?u]n. 回音；效仿vt. 反射；重复vi. 随声附和；发出回声127, wound [waund]n. 创伤，伤口vt. 使受伤vi. 受伤，伤害128, blood [bl?d]n. 血，血液；血统vt. 从…抽血；使先取得经验129, bleed [bli:d]vt. 使出血；榨取vi. 流血；渗出；悲痛130, bloody ['bl?di]adj. 血腥的；非常的；嗜杀的，残忍的；血色的vt. 使流血adv. 很131, ribbon ['rib?n]n. 带；缎带；（勋章等的）绶带；带状物；勋表vt. 把…撕成条带；用缎带装饰vi. 形成带状132, wilderness ['wild?nis]n. 荒地；大量，茫茫一片133, log house木房134, t haw [θ?:]n. 解冻；融雪vt. 使融解；使变得不拘束vi. 融解；变暖和135, snowbank ['sn?ub??k]n. 雪堆；雪堤136, icicle ['aisikl]n. 冰柱；垂冰；冷冰冰的人137, eave [i:v]n. 屋檐138, sparkle ['spɑ:kl]n. 闪耀；火花；活力vt. 使闪耀；使发光vi. 闪耀；发泡；活跃139, bundle ['b?ndl]n. 束；捆vt. 捆vi. 匆忙离开140, strap [str?p]vt. 用带捆绑；用皮条抽打；约束n. 带；皮带；磨刀皮带；鞭打vi. 精力旺盛地工作；受束缚141, calico ['k?lik?u]n. （美）印花棉布；（英）白棉布adj. 印花棉布的；有斑点的142, shot [??t]n. 霰弹，发射；炮弹；射手v. 射击（shoot的过去式和过去分词）adj. 用尽的；破旧的；杂色的，闪光的143, mitten ['mit?n]n. 露指手套；连指手套144, button up按上，扣住；完成；守口如瓶145, yarn [jɑ:n]n. 纱线；奇谈，故事vt. 用纱线缠vi. 讲故事146, milk [milk]n. 牛奶；乳状物vt. 榨取；挤…的奶vi. 挤奶147, barn [bɑ:n]n. 谷仓；畜棚；车库；靶（核反应截面单位）vt. 把…贮存入仓148, leap [li:p]n. 飞跃；跳跃vt. 跳跃，跳过；使跃过vi. 跳，跳跃149, barnyard ['bɑ:njɑ:d]n. 谷仓前的空场地adj. 下流的；粗俗的150, stall [st?:l]n. 货摊；畜栏；托辞vt. 拖延；使停转；使陷于泥中vi. 停止，停转；拖延151, slap [sl?p]n. 掴；侮辱；掌击；拍打声vt. 拍击；侮辱；掌击；掴…的耳光vi. 掴；拍击adv. 直接地；猛然地；恰好152, glitter ['ɡlit?]vi. 闪光；闪烁n. 闪光；灿烂153, snatch [sn?t?]n. 抢夺；抓举；小量vt. 夺得；抽空做；及时救助vi. 抢走；很快接受154, slam [sl?m]n. 猛击；砰然声vi. 砰地关上；猛力抨击vt. 砰地关上；猛力抨击155, sob [s?b]n. 啜泣，呜咽vt. 哭诉，啜泣vi. 啜泣，呜咽；（风等）发出呜咽声156, undress [,?n'dres]n. 便服；裸体vt. 使脱衣服；使卸去装饰；暴露vi. 脱衣服157, snuggle ['sn?ɡl]vt. 使舒适温暖；紧抱；偎依vi. 偎依；舒服地蜷伏158, trundle ['tr?ndl]n. 滚动；小脚轮vt. 使滚动；运送vi. 滚动；移动159, mend [mend]n. 好转，改进；修补处vt. 修理，修补；改善；修改vi. 改善，好转160, latch [l?t?]n. 门闩vt. 闩上；纠缠住某人vi. 占有，抓住；闭锁161, feathery ['fee?ri]adj. 柔软如羽毛的；生有羽毛的162, track [tr?k]n. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道vt. 追踪；通过；循路而行；用纤拉vi. 追踪；走；留下足迹163, compartment [k?m'pɑ:tm?nt]n. [建] 隔间；区划；卧车上的小客房vt. 分隔；划分164, cartridge弹药筒，打印机的（墨盒）；暗盒；笔芯；一卷软片165, stable ['steibl]n. 马厩；牛棚adj. 稳定的；牢固的；坚定的vt. 赶入马房vi. 被关在马厩166, glow [ɡl?u]n. 灼热；色彩鲜艳；兴高采烈vi. 发热；洋溢；绚丽夺目167, subtitle ['s?b,taitl]n. 副标题；说明或对白的字幕vt. 在…上印字幕；给…加副标题168, portion ['p?:??n, 'p?u-]n. 部分；一份；命运vt. 分配；给…嫁妆169, quilt [kwilt]n. 被子；棉被vt. 东拼西凑地编；加软衬料后缝制vi. 缝被子170, loft [l?ft, l?:ft]n. 阁楼；顶楼；鸽房vt. 把…储放在阁楼内vi. 将球高击171, poker ['p?uk?]n. 拨火棍；纸牌戏；（用棍）戳的人vt. 烙制172, ladder ['l?d?]n. 阶梯；途径；梯状物vt. 在……上装设梯子vi. 成名；发迹173, dash offv. 匆忙完成174, put out熄灭；伸出；出版；使不方便，打扰175, clamber ['kl?mb?]vt. 爬，攀登vi. 攀登，爬上n. 攀登，爬上176, run into遭遇，陷入；撞上，撞到；偶然遇见177, cub [k?b]n. 幼兽；不懂规矩的年轻人vi. 生育幼兽178, stroke [str?uk]n. 中风；冲程；笔画；打击；尝试；轻抚vt. 抚摸；敲击；划尾桨；划掉vi. 击球；作尾桨手；敲击键盘179, cuddly ['k?dli]adj. 令人想拥抱的；喜欢搂搂抱抱的；逗人喜爱的180, creek [kri:k]n. 小溪；小湾181, stream [stri:m]n. 溪流；流动；潮流；光线vt. 流出；涌出；使飘动vi. 流；涌进；飘扬182, senate ['senit]n. 参议院，上院；（古罗马的）元老院183, senator ['sen?t?]n. 参议员；（古罗马的）元老院议员；评议员，理事184, saddle ['s?dl]n. 鞍，鞍状物；车座；拖具vt. 承受；使负担；装以马鞍vi. 跨上马鞍185, tidbit ['tidbit]n.花絮，小栏报导；珍闻（等于titbit）186, heritage ['heritid?]n. 遗产；传统；继承物；继承权187, integrity [in'teɡr?ti]n. 完整；正直；诚实；廉正188, bulk [b?lk]n. 体积，容量；大多数，大部分；大块vt. 使扩大，使形成大量；使显得重要189, resolution [,rez?'lu:??n, -,lju:-]n. [物] 分辨率；决议；解决；决心190, emulate ['emjuleit, 'emjulit]n. 仿真；仿效vt. 仿真；模仿；尽力赶上；同…竞争191, imitate ['imiteit]vt. 模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制192, era ['i?r?, 'ε?r?]n. 时代；年代；纪元193, greatness ['greitnis]n. 伟大；巨大194, personify [p?:'s?nifai, p?]vt. 使人格化；赋与…以人性象征，体现，是。
泛读4单词
Unit 1eerie ['ɪərɪ] adj. 可怕的；怪异的afoot [ə'fʊt]adj. 在进行中的；徒步的；准备中adv. 在进行中，在准备中canny ['kæni]adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的lucid *'luːsɪd] adj. 明晰的；透明的；易懂的；头脑清楚的inherent ɪn'hɪər(ə)nt; -'her(ə)nt]adj.固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的vagary ['veɪg(ə)rɪ] n.奇想；奇特行为condone [kən'dəʊn] vt. 宽恕；赦免flamboyance [flæm'bɔiəns]n. 华丽；炫耀showy ['ʃəʊɪ]adj. 艳丽的；炫耀的；显眼的lightheartedness无忧无虑act up炫耀，病情复发evasion [ɪ'veɪʒ(ə)n]n. 逃避；回避；借口avid['ævɪd]adj. 渴望的，贪婪的；热心的be subject to 受支配；从属于slant[slɑːnt+n. 倾斜；观点；偏见vi. 倾斜；有倾向vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于adj. 倾斜的；有偏见的authoritarian[ɔː,θɒrɪ'teərɪən]adj. 独裁主义的；权力主义的n. 权力主义者；独裁主义者womb-to-tomb从出生到死亡的frivolous['frɪvələs]adj. 无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的penalty['penəlti]n. 罚款，罚金；处罚unit 2salient ['selɪənt]adj. 显著的；突出的；跳跃的n. 凸角；突出部分conspicuous [kən'spɪkjʊəs]adj. 显著的；显而易见的affiliation [əfɪlɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 友好关系；加入；联盟；从属关系domain[də(ʊ)'meɪn]n. 领域；域名；产业；地产activated['æktɪveɪtɪd]adj. 活性化的；活泼的v. 使激活；使活动起来；有生气（activate的过去分词）attribute[ə'trɪbjuːt+n. 属性；特质vt. 归属；把…归于antinormative['nɔːmətɪv]反常规的aberrant[ə'ber(ə)nt] adj. 异常的；畸变的；脱离常轨的；迷乱的devalue*diː'væljuː+vt. 使贬值；降低…的价值vi. 贬值depreciate[dɪ'priːʃɪeɪt; -sɪ-]vt. 使贬值；贬低；轻视vi. 贬值；轻视；贬低fragility[frə'dʒɪlɪtɪ]n. 脆弱；[力] 易碎性；虚弱fraternity [frə'tɜːnɪtɪ]友爱、互助会fallibility[,fælə'bɪləti]n. 易误；不可靠；出错性frailty ['freɪltɪ] n . 虚弱；弱点；意志薄弱tangibility[,tændʒə'bɪləti]n. 可触知；有实质；确实性buffer ['bʌfə]n. [计] 缓冲区；缓冲器，[车辆] 减震器vt. 缓冲fender ['fendə]n. （汽车等的）挡泥板；防卫物；（暖炉的）炉围；（船只的）碰垫forego [fɔ:,ɡəu]vt. 放弃；居先；在……之前grueling['ɡruəliŋ+ n. 惩罚；劳累adj. 累垮人的；折磨人的v. 使极度疲劳；累垮（gruel的ing形式）excruciating[ɪk'skr uːʃɪeɪtiŋ+折磨人的mundane ['mʌndeɪn; mʌn'deɪn] adj.世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的banal [bə'nɑːl; -'næl]adj. 陈腐的；平庸的；老一套的be endowed with[ɪn'daʊd]赐予赋予trait [treɪt; treɪ]n. 特性，特点；品质；少许anecdotal[,ænɪk'dəʊtl] adj. 轶事的；轶事一样的；多轶事的batter['bætə]n. 击球手；（用鸡蛋、牛奶、面粉等调成的）糊状物；墙面的倾斜vt. 猛击；打坏；使向上倾斜vi. 接连猛击；向上倾斜anthem *'ænθəm]n. 赞美诗；圣歌vt. 唱圣歌庆祝；唱赞歌prowess [praʊəs]英勇；高超技艺self-effacement[ɪ'feɪsmənt]n. 谦逊，不出头dimension [dɪ'menʃ(ə)n; daɪ-]n. [数] 维；尺寸；次元；容积vt. 标出尺寸adj. 规格的rosy ['rəʊzɪ] adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的refute[rɪ'fjuːt+ vt. 反驳，驳斥；驳倒mantra['mæntrə] n.咒语arsenal['ɑrsənl] n. 兵工厂；军械库volatility [,vɑlə'tɪləti]n. [化学] 挥发性；易变；活泼equivocal[ɪ'kwɪvək(ə)l]adj. 模棱两可的；可疑的realm [relm]n. 领域，范围；王国perceptual[pə'septjʊəl]adj. 知觉的；感知的；有知觉的cohesive [kəʊ'hiːsɪv] adj. 有结合力的；紧密结合的；有粘着力的descriptor[dɪ'skrɪptə] n. 描述符号precedent ['presɪd(ə)nt]n. 先例；前例adj. 在前的；在先的unit3go mucking about with ['mʌkɪŋ+摆弄、瞎搞wind up=end upportend[pɔː'tend+ vt. 预示；意味着scrap [skræp]n. 碎片；残余物；打架；少量adj. 废弃的；零碎的vt. 废弃；使解体；拆毁vi. 吵架trigger ['trɪɡə]vt. 引发，引起；触发vi. 松开扳柄n. 扳机；[电子] 触发器；制滑机jumpy['dʒʌmpɪ] adj. 神经质的；跳跃的apprehensive [æprɪ'hensɪv] adj. 忧虑的；不安的；敏悟的；知晓的fussier['fʌsɪə] fussy :adj. 爱挑剔的，难取悦的；易烦恼的fastidious [fæ'stɪdɪəs]adj. 挑剔的；苛求的，难取悦的；（微生物等）需要复杂营养地discretion[dɪ'skreʃ(ə)n]n. 自由裁量权；谨慎；判断力；判定；考虑周到bolster['bəʊlstə]n. 支持；长枕vt. 支持；支撑at one’s periltinker['tɪŋkə]n. 补锅匠；修补匠；焊锅；（美）小鲭鱼vi. 做焊锅匠；焊补；笨手笨脚地做事vt. 修补；粗修be laced with用…装饰cereal ['sɪərɪəl]n. 谷类，谷物；谷类食品；谷类植物adj. 谷类的；谷类制成的sinus['saɪnəs] n. [生物] 窦；静脉窦；下陷或凹下去的地方cholesterol ['kəlestərəl] n. 胆固醇hearty ['hɑːtɪ]adj. 衷心的；丰盛的；健壮的；精神饱满的n. 朋友们；伙伴们ethylene*'eθɪl iːn] n. 乙烯splice[splaɪs]n. 接合；结婚vt. 拼接；接合；使结婚plump[plʌmp]n. 扑通声adj. 圆胖的，丰满的；鼓起的adv. 沉重地；突然地vt. 使丰满；使鼓起；突然放下vi. 变丰满；鼓起prostate ['prɒsteɪt]adj. 前列腺的n. [解剖] 前列腺be prone to[prəʊn]趋于manifesto[mænɪ'festəʊ]n. 宣言；声明；告示vi. 发表宣言chock-a-block充满obstinately['ɒbstɪnətli]adv. 顽固地；倔强地；难以控制地cascade down[kæs'keɪd]跌落purist['pjʊərɪst]n. 纯化论者，力求纯化的人bureaucracy [,bjʊ(ə)'rɒkrəsɪ]n. 官僚主义；官僚机构；官僚政治unit 4velocity [vɪ'lɒsɪtɪ]n. [力] 速率；迅速；周转率inertial[ɪ'nɜːʃəl] a. [力] 惯性的；不活动的eternal [ɪ'tɜːnəl]a. 永恒的；不朽的synchronize ['sɪŋkrənaɪz]vt. 使……合拍；使……同步vi. 同步；同时发生dilation[daɪ'leɪʃən]n. 扩张，扩大；膨胀；详述resignation [rezɪg'neɪʃ(ə)n]n. 辞职；放弃；辞职书；顺从oscillate ['ɒsɪleɪt]vt. 使振荡；使振动；使动摇vi. 振荡；摆动；犹豫suspended [sə'spendid] adj. 悬浮的；暂停的，缓期的（宣判）stationary ['steɪʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ]adj. 固定的；静止的；定居的；常备军的n. 不动的人；驻军motionless ['məʊʃnləs]adj. 静止的；不运动的complimentary [kɒmplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ]adj. 赠送的；称赞的；问候的complementary [kɒmplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ]adj. 补足的，补充的implement['ɪmplɪm(ə)nt]vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n. 工具，器具；手段supplementary [,sʌplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ]adj. 补充的；追加的n. 补充者；增补物molecular [mə'lekjʊlə]adj. [化学] 分子的；由分子组成的degradation [,degrə'deɪʃ(ə)n]n. 退化；降格，降级；堕落organelle [,ɔːgə 'nel]n. 细胞器maze [meɪz]n. 迷宫；迷惑；糊涂vt. 迷失；使混乱；使困惑integrate into['ɪntɪgreɪt] 成为一体impermeable[ɪm'pɜːmɪəb(ə)l] adj. 不渗透性的；（对水等）不能渗透的membrane['membreɪn]n. 膜；薄膜；羊皮纸subsequent['sʌbsɪkw(ə)nt]adj. 后来的，随后的encode[ɪn'kəʊd] vt. [计] 编码，译码amino[ə'miːnəʊ]adj. 氨基的n. [化学] 氨基akin [ə'kɪn]adj. 类似的；同类的；同族的cytoplasm['saɪ'təʊplæzəm]细胞核endoplasmicreticulum[rɪ'tɪkjʊləm]内质网configuration[kən,fɪgə'reɪʃən]n. 配置；结构；外形prodigy['prɒdɪdʒɪ]n. 奇迹，奇事；奇才；奇观；预兆ably['eɪblɪ] adv.巧妙地；精明能干地strikingly['straɪkɪŋlɪ] adv. 显著地，突出地，惊人地；打击地rendering['rendərɪŋ+n. 翻译；表现；表演；描写；打底；（建筑物等）透视图vt. 致使；表演；打底（render的ing形式）vi. 给予补偿（rendr的ing形式）sketchy['sketʃɪ]adj. 写生风格的；写生的；概略的strike upon朝着某一方向前进prodigious[prə'dɪdʒəs] adj. 惊人的，异常的，奇妙的；巨大的caricature ['kærɪkətjʊə]n. 漫画；讽刺画；漫画手法vt. 画成漫画讽刺outcast ['aʊtkɑːst+n. 流浪的人；被驱逐的人adj. 被遗弃的；无家可归的；被逐出的poignant ['pɒɪnjənt] adj. 尖锐的；辛酸的；深刻的；切中要害的stiltedadj. 尖锐的；辛酸的；深刻的；切中要害的beige[beɪʒ; beɪdʒ]n. 米黄色adj. 浅褐色的；米黄色的saltimbanque ['sæltimbæŋk]滑稽演员harlequin ['hɑ:ləkwin]n. 丑角；滑稽角色mute *mjuːt+adj. 哑的；沉默的；无声的vt. 减弱……的声音；使……柔和n. 哑巴；弱音器；闭锁音portray[pɔː'treɪ] vt. 描绘；扮演alienated['eljənetɪd]adj. 疏远的；被疏远的v. 使疏离（alienate的过去式）aura['ɔːrə] n. 光环；气氛；（中风等的）预兆；气味sensation [sen'seɪʃ(ə)n]n. 感觉；轰动；感动garish['geərɪʃ] adj. 炫耀的；过分装饰的；过分鲜艳的dissonant['dɪs(ə)nənt]adj. 不一致的；不调和的captivate['kæptɪveɪt] vt. 迷住，迷惑affectionately[ə'fekʃ(ə)nətli]adv. 深情地；充满深情地flat [flæt] n. 平地；平面；公寓adj. 平坦的；扁平的；浅的；单调的adv. 平直地；断然地vi. 变平vt. 使变平entry-level初级的bias['baɪəs] n. 偏见；偏爱；斜纹；乖离率vt. 使存偏见adj. 偏斜的adv. 偏斜地jeopardize ['dʒɛpɚdaɪz]vt. 危害；使陷危地；使受危困uncommitted [ʌnkə'mɪtɪd]adj. 不受约束的；（犯罪）未遂的；未被监禁的；自由的；不负义务的respectability [rɪ,spektə'bɪlɪtɪ]n. 体面；可尊敬；有社会地位malpractice[mæl'præktɪs]n. 玩忽职守；不法行为；治疗不当sth. are poles apart截然相反elaboration[ɪ,læbə'reɪʃən]n. 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述apparatus[,æpə'reɪtəs]n. 装置，设备；仪器；器官determinant [dɪ'tɜːmɪnənt]adj. 决定性的n. 决定因素；[数] 行列式omission[ə(ʊ)'mɪʃ(ə)n]n. 疏忽，遗漏；省略；冗长critique[krɪ'tiːk+n. 批评；评论文章vt. 批判；评论unit 5hyperbole[haɪ'pɜːbəlɪ]n. 夸张的语句；夸张法fickle ['fɪk(ə)l]adj. 浮躁的；易变的；变幻无常的credulous['kredjʊləs] adj. 轻信的；因轻信而产生的choosy['tʃuːzɪ] adj. 好挑剔的doctored adj. 修理的；窜改的pathetic [pə'θetɪk] adj. 可怜的，悲哀的；感伤的；乏味的concede [kən'siːd+vt. 承认；退让；给予，容许vi. 让步gullibility[,gʌlə'bɪləti]n. 轻信；易受骗consensus [kən'sensəs]n. 一致；舆论；合意put-a-sock-in-it 无声的ware [weə]n. 陶器，器皿；制品；器具；货物vt. 留心；小心unduly[ʌn'djuːlɪ]adv. 过度地；不适当地；不正当地pander['pændə]vi. 迎合；勾引；怂恿；拉皮条n. 怂恿者；拉皮条者；老鸨vt. 为…拉皮条subliminal [sə'blɪmɪn(ə)l]adj. [生理] 阈下的；潜在意识的；微小得难以察觉的n. 潜意识；阈下意识deteriorate[dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt]vi. 恶化，变坏vt. 恶化obsolete['ɒbsəliːt+adj. 废弃的；老式的n. 废词；陈腐的人vt. 淘汰；废弃revenue['revənjuː+n. 税收，国家的收入；收益hoarding['hɔːdɪŋ+n. [贸易] 囤积；贮藏；临时围墙v. 贮藏（hoard的ing形式）proprietress[prə'praɪətres]女业主drape [dreɪp]vt. 用布帘覆盖；使呈褶裥状vi. 成褶皱状垂下n. 窗帘；褶裥inanimate [ɪn'ænɪmət]adj. 无生命的；无生气的gratification [ɡrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn]n. 满意；喜悦；使人满意之事imperative[ɪm'perətɪv] adj. 必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的n. 需要；命令；祈使语气；规则august [ɔː'gʌst]adj. 威严的；令人敬畏的bequeathto[bɪ'kwi:θ+将…传/遗传给pervade [pə'veɪd] vt. 遍及；弥漫aptly ['æptli] adv. 适宜地；适当地anachronism [ə'nækrə,nɪz(ə)m]n. 时代错误；不合潮流的人或物inalienable[ɪn'eɪlɪənəb(ə)l] adj.不可分割的；不可剥夺的；不能让与的negligence ['neglɪdʒ(ə)ns]n. 疏忽；忽视；粗心大意right up to直到watershed['wɔːtəʃed]n. （美）流域；分水岭；集水区；转折点adj. 标志转折点的implicit[ɪm'plɪsɪt]adj. 含蓄的；暗示的；盲从的onus ['əʊnəs] n. 责任，义务；负担censorship['sensəʃɪp]n. 审查制度；审查机构unit 6blockbuster['blɒkbʌstə]n. 轰动；巨型炸弹；一鸣惊人者debacle[de'bɑkl]n. 崩溃；灾害；解冻flop[flɒp]n.失败；砰然落下；拍击声vt. 笨拙地抛下；扑通放下；拍（翅）vi. 失败；扑拍；扑通落下；笨重地摔adv. 扑通一声；恰巧mandatemændeɪt]n. 授权；命令，指令；委托管理；受命进行的工作vt. 授权；托管antithesis*æn'tiθəsɪs]对立面；相反crystallize['krɪstə'laɪz]vt. 使结晶；明确；使具体化；做成蜜饯vi. 结晶，形成结晶；明确；具体化iterate['ɪtəreɪt]vt. 迭代；重复；反复说；重做primacy ['praɪməsɪ]n. 首位；卓越；大主教的职位preeminence [pri'ɛmɪnəns]n. 卓越；杰出ingrain[ɪn'greɪn] vt. 使…根深蒂固；就…原料染色；生染n. 固有品质；原纱染色；生染的纤维adj. 生染的；原纱染色的；根深蒂固的steep*stiːp+ n. 峭壁；浸渍adj. 陡峭的；不合理的；夸大的；急剧升降的vt. 泡；浸；使…充满vi. 泡；沉浸leeway *'liːweɪ]n. 余地；风压差；偏航；落后constraint [kən'streɪnt] n. [数] 约束；局促，态度不自然；强制harness ['hɑːnɪs]vt. 治理；套；驾驭；披上甲胄n. 马具；甲胄；挽具状带子；降落伞背带utilize['jutəlaɪz] vt. 利用depict[dɪ'pɪkt]vt. 描述；描画unequivocal[ʌnɪ'kwɪvək(ə)l]adj. 明确的；不含糊的pharmaceutical[,fɑːmə'suːtɪk(ə)l] adj. 制药（学）的n. 药物confidentiality[,kɒnfɪ,denʃɪ'ælɪtɪ]n. 机密，[计] 机密性statistician[stə'tɪstɪʃən]统计学家efficacy['efɪkəsɪ] n. 功效，效力precision [prɪ'sɪʒ(ə)n]n. 精度，[数] 精密度；精确adj. 精密的，精确的circuit ['sɜːkɪt]n. [电子] 电路，回路；巡回；一圈；环道vi. 环行vt. 绕回…环行parameter [pə'ræmɪtə]n. 参数；系数；参量debrief *diː'briːf+ v t. 盘问；听取报告incrementally[,ɪnkrɪ'mentəli]adv. 增加地，增值地radically ['rædɪkəlɪ] adv. 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式outset ['aʊtset] n. 开始；开端perceive[pə'siːv+vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知vi. 感到，感知；认识到mortgage['mɔːgɪdʒ]vt. 抵押n. 抵押underpin [ʌndə'pɪn] vt. 巩固；支持；从下面支撑；加强…的基础dismiss[dɪs'mɪs]vi. 解散vt. 解散；解雇；开除；让...离开unit 7 be consigned to[kən'saɪn]委托/托付delirious[dɪ'lɪrɪəs] adj. 发狂的；神志昏迷的；精神错乱的ascribe to归因于sinister['sɪnɪstə] adj. 阴险的；凶兆的；灾难性的；左边的demise [dɪ'maɪz]n. 死亡，终止；转让；传位vt. 遗赠；禅让epidemic [epɪ'demɪk]adj. 流行的；传染性的n. 传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行emergent[ɪ'mɜːdʒ(ə)nt] adj. 紧急的；浮现的；意外的；自然发生的eliminate [ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt] vt. 消除；排除besiege [bɪ'siːdʒ]vt. 围困；包围；烦扰assail [ə'seɪl]vt. 攻击；质问；着手解决by trail and error反复试验resemble vt. 类似handicap ['hændɪkæp]n. 障碍；不利条件，不利的因素vt. 妨碍，阻碍；使不利identical twins同卵双胞胎well-to-do小康的，富裕的reproduce *riːprə'djuːs+vt. 复制；再生；生殖；使…在脑海中重现vi. 复制；繁殖contrive[kən'traɪv]vt. 设计；发明；图谋vi. 谋划；设法做到uniform rate相同的速率progressively [prə'ɡrɛsɪvli]adv. 渐进地；日益增多地fatigue[fə'tiːg+ adj. 疲劳的n. 疲劳，疲乏；杂役vt. 使疲劳；使心智衰弱vi. 疲劳unit 8conciliate [kən'sɪlɪeɪt] vt. 安抚，安慰；调和；驯服；怀柔；赢得soothe *suːð+vt. 安慰；使平静；缓和vi. 起抚慰作用perusal [pə'ruːz(ə)l] n. 熟读；精读brood*bruːd+t. 孵；沉思n. 一窝；一伙importunately [ɪm'pɔːtjʊnətli]adv. 急切地；缠扰不休地resort to采用dupe*djuːp+ n. 上当者；易受骗的人vt. 欺骗；愚弄（等于duplicate）have done with sb.与…无关condescending [kɒndɪ'sendɪŋ+adj. 谦逊的；故意屈尊的；有优越感的v. 屈尊（condescend的ing形式）repulse [rɪ'pʌls]vt. 拒绝；驱逐；憎恶n. 拒绝；击退encumber[ɪn'kʌmbə; en-]vt. 阻塞；妨害；拖累impart [ɪm'pɑːt+ vt. 给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露asperity [ə'sperɪtɪ]n. （表面的）粗糙；（气候等的）严酷；艰苦的条件；（性格）粗暴assault[ə'sɔːlt; ə'sɒlt] n. 攻击；袭击vt. 攻击；袭击vi. 袭击；动武assay [ə'seɪ; 'æseɪ]n. 化验；试验vt. 分析；化验；尝试vi. 鉴定；经检验证明内含成分searingly ['sɪərɪŋli+ adv. 灼热地humane [hjʊ'meɪn]adj. 仁慈的，人道的；高尚的suffice[sə'faɪs] vt. 使满足；足够…用；合格vi. 足够；有能力blandly [blændli]adv. 乏味地；温和地；冷漠地fatuous['fætjʊəs] adj. 愚笨的；昏庸的；发呆的；自满的providence['prɒvɪd(ə)ns]n. 天意；深谋远relish ['relɪʃ] n. 滋味；风味；食欲；开胃小菜；含义vt. 品味；喜爱；给…加佐料vi. 有特定意味；味道可口retort [rɪ'tɔːt+n. 反驳，顶嘴；曲颈瓶vt. 反驳，反击vi. 反驳，回嘴vexation [vek'seɪʃ(ə)n]n. 苦恼；恼怒；令人烦恼的事embitter [ɪm'bɪtə] vt. 使激怒/怨恨incivility[,ɪnsə'vɪlətɪ] n. 粗鲁mutilation *,mjuːt(ɪ)'leɪʃn]n. 毁损；残缺；切断malefactor ['mælɪ,fæktə]n. 作恶者；罪犯；坏人cord [kɔːd+ n. 绳索；束缚vt. 用绳子捆绑bind [baɪnd]vi. 结合；装订；有约束力；过紧vt. 绑；约束；装订；包扎；凝固n. 捆绑；困境；讨厌的事情；植物的藤蔓pincer['pɪnsə]n. 钳子solicitous [sə'lɪsɪtəs]adj. 热切期望的；热心的；挂念的morbid ['mɔːbɪd] adj. 病态的；由病引起的；恐怖的；病变部位的insinuate[ɪn'sɪnjʊeɪt]vt. 暗示；使逐渐而巧妙地取得；使迂回地潜入vi. 暗讽；说含沙射影的话drunkard ['drʌŋkəd] n. 酒鬼，醉汉efface [ɪ'feɪs]vt. 抹去，抹掉；使自己不受人注意conceal[kən'siːl+ vt. 隐藏；隐瞒memoranda [,mɛmə'rændə]n. 备忘录（memorandum的复数）shorthand ['ʃɔːthænd+n. 速记；速记法adj. 速记法的indefatigable[,ɪndɪ'fætɪgəb(ə)l] adj. 不知疲倦的；不屈不挠的；有耐性的assiduity [,æsɪ'djʊ:əti] n. 刻苦，勤勉contemplate ['kɒntempleɪt; -təm-]vt. 沉思；注视；思忖；预期vi. 冥思苦想；深思熟虑inaccessible [ɪnək'sesɪb(ə)l]adj. 难达到的；难接近的；难见到的amiss [ə'mɪs] adv. 错误地adj. 有毛病的，有缺陷的；出差错的freed sth. from摆脱imperfection [ɪmpə'fekʃ(ə)n]n. 不完美；瑕疵；缺点vigor ['vɪgɚ] n. [生物] 活力，精力scholastic [skə'læstɪk]n. 学者；学生；墨守成规者；经院哲学家adj. 学校的；学者的；学术的（等于scholastical）predecessor*'priːdɪsesə]n. 前任，前辈capricious[kə'prɪʃəs]adj. 反复无常的；任性的inert [ɪ'nɜːt+ adj. [化学] 惰性的；呆滞的；迟缓的；无效的dilatory ['dɪlət(ə)rɪ]adj. 拖拉的；缓慢的，不慌不忙的condense [kən'dens]vi. 浓缩；凝结vt. 使浓缩；使压缩sentiment ['sentɪm(ə)nt] n. 感情，情绪；情操；观点；多愁善感unit 9cataclysmic [kætə'klɪzmɪk]adj. 大变动的；洪水的precursor [prɪ'kɜːsə] n. 先驱，前导forerunner先驱者，预兆consortium [kən'sɔːtɪəm]n. 财团；联合；合伙parlance ['pɑːl(ə)ns]n. 说法；用语；语调；发言jargon ['dʒɑːg(ə)n]n. 行话，术语；黄锆石subversive [səb'vɜːsɪv]adj. 破坏性的；从事颠覆的n. 危险分子；颠覆分子undermine [ʌndə'maɪn]vt. 破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基retrace[rɪ'treɪs] vt. 追溯；折回；重描erect [ɪ'rekt]vt. 使竖立；建造；安装adj. 竖立的；笔直的；因性刺激而勃起的vi. 直立；勃起hanger*'hæŋə]n. 衣架；挂钩；绞刑执行者preside [prɪ'zaɪd]vi. 主持，担任会议主席vt. 管理fan out成扇形散开scavenge ['skævɪn(d)ʒ]vt. 打扫；排除废气；以…为食vi. 清除污物；打扫hodgepodge ['hɒdʒpɒdʒ]n. 大杂烩；混煮；一团糟vt. 使混乱synthesize ['sɪnθəsaɪz]vt. 合成；综合vi. 合成；综合intriguing ['ɪntriːgɪŋ; ɪn'triːgɪŋ+adj. 有趣的；迷人的v. 引起…的兴趣；策划阴谋；私通（intrigue的ing形式）subjugate ['sʌbdʒʊgeɪt]vt. 征服；使服从；克制aboriginal [æbə'rɪdʒɪn(ə)l]adj. 土著的；原始的n. 土著居民；土生生物vassal['væs(ə)l]n. 诸侯；封臣adj. 臣属的crumble ['krʌmb(ə)l]vi. 崩溃；破碎，粉碎vt. 崩溃；弄碎，粉碎n. 面包屑watchtower ['wɒtʃtaʊə] n. 了望塔lookout point瞭望哨fortification[,fɔːtɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. [军] 设防；[军] 防御工事；加强；配方fortify['fɔːtɪfaɪ]vt. 加强；增强；（酒）的酒精含量；设防于vi. 筑防御工事correlate ['kɒrəleɪt; -rɪ-] n. 相关物；相关联的人adj. 关联的vi.关联vt.使有相互关系；互相有关系nomadic [nəʊ'mædɪk]adj. 游牧的；流浪的；游动的pastoralist ['pɑːstərəlist]田园诗人perennial [pə'renɪəl] n. 多年生植物adj. 多年生的；常年的；四季不断的；常在的；反复的shaft [ʃɑːft+n.拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物laterally ['lætərəl] adv. 旁边地entryway入口通道excavate['ekskəveɪt] vt. 挖掘；开凿vi. 发掘；细查chamber['tʃeɪmbə]n. （身体或器官内的）室，膛；房间；会所adj. 室内的；私人的，秘密的vt. 把…关在室内；装填（弹药等）domed[dəʊmd]adj. 半球形的；有穹顶的intermingle [ɪntə'mɪŋg(ə)l]vt. 使混合；使搀和vi. 混合；掺杂jaw[dʒɔː+n. 颌；下巴；狭窄入口；唠叨vi. 教训；唠叨vt. 教训；对…唠叨totality [tə(ʊ)'tælɪtɪ]n. [天] 全食；全体；总数historiography [hɪ, stɒrɪ'ɒgrəfi]编史intermediary [,ɪntə'miːdɪəri]adj. 中间的；媒介的near-contemporary近现代secular['sekjʊlə]adj. 世俗的；长期的；现世的；不朽的n. 牧师disintegration[dɪs,ɪntɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n]n. 瓦解，崩溃；分解annals ['æn(ə)lz]n. 年报；编年史；年鉴elaboration [ɪ,læbə'reɪʃən]n. 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述archaeology [,ɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 考古学anthropology*,ænθrə'pɒlədʒɪ]n. 人类学breadth[bredθ] n. 宽度，幅度；宽宏unit 10rampage [ræm'peɪdʒ] n. 暴怒；暴跳；乱闹vi. 狂暴；乱闹；发怒bizarre [bɪ'zɑː+adj. 奇异的（指态度，容貌，款式等）torrential [tə'renʃ(ə)l]adj. 猛烈的，汹涌的；奔流的tally up['tælɪ]结算，总结coarse [kɔːs+adj. 粗糙的；粗俗的；下等的drench [dren(t)ʃ] n. 滂沱大雨；浸液vt. 使湿透；给（牲畜）灌药extrapolate [ɪk'stræpəleɪt; ek-]vt. 外推；推断vi. 外推；进行推断supercell超级单体暴风veer [vɪə] n. 转向；方向的转变vi. 转向；改变观点；风向顺时针转；调转船尾向上风vt. 使转向；使顺风；使船尾向上风updraught上曳气流downdraught向下气流turbulent ['tɜːbjʊl(ə)nt] adj. 骚乱的，混乱的；狂暴的；吵闹的rotate [rə(ʊ)'teɪt]vi. 旋转；循环vt. 使旋转；使转动；使轮流adj. [植] 辐状的mesocyclone [mesəʊ'saikləʊn]中气旋chimney ['tʃɪmnɪ] n. 烟囱draw up停下，折叠getaway ['getəweɪ]n. 起步；逃走adj. 逃跑用的detour *'diːtʊə]vt. 使…绕道而行vi. 绕道；迂回n. 绕道；便道upwind逆风mould into [məʊld]使成型anvil['ænvɪl]n. 铁砧；[解剖] 砧骨meteorological *,miːtɪərə'lɒdʒɪkəl]adj. 气象的；气象学的figure skater花样滑冰运动员funnel ['fʌn(ə)l] n. 漏斗；烟囱vt. 通过漏斗或烟囱等；使成漏斗形vi. 通过漏斗等；成漏斗形stormchaser ['tʌtʃdaʊn]n. 着陆，降落；触地；触地得分touchdownterra firma [,terə'fə:mə] 陆地boon *buːn+ n. 恩惠；福利；利益adj. 愉快的；慷慨的scenario [sɪ'nɑːrɪəʊ]n. 方案；情节；剧本optimum ['ɒptɪməm] adj. 最适宜的n. 最佳效果；最适宜条件huddle ['hʌd(ə)l]vt. 把...挤在一起；使缩成一团；草率了事vi. 蜷缩；挤作一团n. 拥挤；混乱；杂乱一团hovel ['hɒv(ə)l] n. 小屋；栅舍；茅舍vt. 使…住在茅屋；把…拴入棚舍tuberculosis [tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊsɪs]n. 肺结核；结核病paddle ['pæd(ə)l] n. 划桨；明轮翼vt. 拌；搅；用桨划vi. 划桨；戏水；涉水nutrient *'njuːtrɪənt]n. 营养物；滋养物adj. 营养的；滋养的buoy[bɒɪ]n. [水运] 浮标；浮筒；救生圈；航标vt. 使浮起；支撑；鼓励unit 11waifs and strays流浪儿chattel ['tʃæt(ə)l]n. 动产；奴隶（常用复数）vagabond['vægəbɒnd]adj. 流浪的；流浪者的；浪荡的；漂泊的n. 流浪者；浪子；流氓；懒汉vi. 到处流浪exuberant [ɪg'z(j)uːbərənt]adj. 繁茂的；生气勃勃的，充溢的make allowance for为…留余地；顾及shove [ʃʌv]vt. 挤；强使；撞；猛推n. 推；挤construe[kən'struː+vi. 作文法性的分析vt. 分析；解释；翻译stem from起源于affiliate [ə'fɪlɪeɪt]n. 联号；隶属的机构等vt. 使附属；接纳；使紧密联系vi. 参加，加入；发生联系antitrust [æntɪ'trʌst]adj. [经] 反垄断的；[经] 反托拉斯的adverse ['ædvɜːs+adj. 不利的；相反的；敌对的（名词adverseness，副词adversely）connotation [kɒnə'teɪʃ(ə)n]n. 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西（词、语等）directory[dɪ'rekt(ə)rɪ; daɪ-]n. [计] 目录；工商名录；姓名地址录adj. 指导的；咨询的memorable ['mem(ə)rəb(ə)l]adj. 显著的，难忘的；值得纪念的vulgar ['vʌlgə]adj. 粗俗的；通俗的；本土的n. 平民，百姓objectionable [əb'dʒekʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l]adj.讨厌的；会引起反对的；有异议的plague for造成麻烦exert [ɪg'zɜːt; eg-]vt. 运用，发挥；施以影响vogue [vəʊg] n. 时尚；流行，时髦adj. 时髦的，流行的sentimentally [sentɪ'ment(ə)li]adjv. 感伤地；感情脆弱地run counter to与…相反unit 12intangible [ɪn'tæn(d)ʒɪb(ə)l] adj. 无形的，触摸不到的；难以理解的imperceptible [ɪmpə'septɪb(ə)l]adj. 感觉不到的；极细微的amass [ə'mæs] vt. 积聚，积累tarnish ['tɑːnɪʃ]n. 晦暗，无光泽；污点vt. 玷污；使……失去光泽；使……变灰暗vi. 失去光泽；被玷污；变灰暗compulsion [kəm'pʌlʃ(ə)n]n. 强制；强迫；强制力therapeutic *,θerə'pjuːtɪk]adj. 治疗的；治疗学的；有益于健康的n. 治疗剂；治疗学家psychosomatic [,saɪkəʊsə'mætik] adj. 受心理影响的subtlety ['sʌt(ə)ltɪ]n. 微妙；敏锐；精明intricacy ['ɪntrɪkəsɪ]n. 错综，复杂；难以理解gripe[graɪp]n. 控制；发牢骚；肠绞痛vt. 绞痛；握紧；惹恼vi. 抱怨，发牢骚；肠绞痛exemplary[ɪg'zemplərɪ; eg-]adj. 典范的；惩戒性的；可仿效的virtuosity [,vɜːtʃʊ'ɒsɪtɪ]n. 精湛技巧；对艺术品的爱好；艺术爱好者work off抵消buffet ['bʊfeɪ; 'bʌfeɪ]n. 自助餐；小卖部；打击；猛烈冲击vt. 与…搏斗；连续猛击vi. 斗争；奋勇前进adj. 自助的；自助餐的cryptic['krɪptɪk] adj. 神秘的，含义模糊的；[动] 隐藏的evergrowing日益增长的potent ['pəʊt(ə)nt] adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的job rating生产定额competence ['kɒmpɪt(ə)ns]n. 能力，胜任；权限；作证能力；足以过舒适生活的收入clich[klintʃ] n. 解决（争端）interrelate [ɪntərɪ'leɪt]v. 相互关连vt. （使）相互关连irksome['ɜːks(ə)m] adj. 令人厌烦的，讨厌的；令人厌恶的idleness ['aɪdlnəs]n. 懒惰；闲散；失业tedium *'tiːdɪəm]n. 沉闷；单调乏味；厌烦idle rich饱食终日无所用心的有钱人drudgery ['drʌdʒərɪ] n. 苦工，苦差事sensation[sen'seɪʃ(ə)n] n. 感觉；轰动；感动innumerable [ɪ'njuːm(ə)rəb(ə)l]adj. 无数的，数不清的stonemason['stəʊnmeisn]石匠bank teller银行支票员receptionist接待员despairingly绝望地，自暴自弃地enunciate [ɪ'nʌnsɪeɪt]vt. 发音；阐明；宣布vi. 阐明；清晰地发音automated ['ɔtometɪd]adj. 自动化的；机械化的v. 自动化（automate的过去分词）；自动操作sacrilegious [,sækrə'lɪdʒəs]adj. 亵渎圣罪的；该受天谴的earn one’s breadeviction [ɪ'vɪkʃ(ə)n]n. 逐出；赶出；收回scriptural ['skrɪptʃərəl]圣经的precept *'priːsept+n. 规则；格言；训诫；命令grievance *'griːv(ə)ns]n. 不满，不平；委屈；冤情hitherto [hɪðə'tuː; 'hɪðətuː+adv. 迄今；至今devout [dɪ'vaʊt] adj. 虔诚的；衷心的precinct *'priːsɪŋ(k)t+n. 选区；管理区；管辖区communique [kə,mjʊnə'ke]n. 公报，官报assembly line流水线absenteeism [æbs(ə)n'tiːɪz(ə)m]n. 旷工；旷课；有计划的怠工；经常无故缺席pinch [pɪn(t)ʃ] n. 匮乏；少量；夹痛vt. 捏；勒索；使苦恼；掐掉某物，修剪vi. 夹痛；节省expressway [ɪk'spresweɪ; ek-]n. （美）高速公路unit 13pragmatic [præg'mætɪk]adj. 实际的；实用主义的；国事的utilitarian [jʊ,tɪlɪ'teərɪən] n. 功利主义adj. 功利的；功利主义的；实利的empirical [em'pɪrɪk(ə)l; ɪm-]adj. 经验主义的，完全根据经验的a prior演绎的dictate [dɪk'teɪt] n. 命令；指示vt. 命令；口述；使听写vi. 口述；听写tentatively ['tentətɪvli]adv. 试验性的，暂定的；踌躇的deposition[,depə'zɪʃ(ə)n; diː-]n. 沉积物；矿床；革职discretion [dɪ'skreʃ(ə)n]n. 自由裁量权；谨慎；判断力；判定；考虑周到temperament ['temp(ə)rəmənt]性情expediency [ɪk'spiːdɪənsɪ; ek-]n. 方便，权宜；私利repugnant[rɪ'pʌgnənt]adj. 讨厌的；矛盾的；敌对的loathsome ['ləʊðs(ə)m]adj. 令人憎恶的；令人呕吐的omniscient[ɒm'nisiənt]adj. 全知的，无所不知的nominal ['nɒmɪn(ə)l]adj. 名义上的；有名无实的；[会计]票面上的n. [语] 名词性词titular ['tɪtjʊlə]adj. 有名无实的；有头衔的；标题的n. 有称号或头衔的人；只有名义的人cumulative *'kjuːmjʊlətɪv] adj. 累积的quiescence [kwaɪ'ɛsns] n. 静止；沉默qualification[,kwɒlɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 资格；条件；限制；赋予资格psychiatric[,saɪkɪ'ætrɪk]adj. 精神病学的；精神病治疗的stackstæk] n. 堆；堆叠vt. 使堆叠；把…堆积起来vi. 堆积，堆叠perception[pə'sepʃ(ə)n] n. 知觉；[生理] 感觉；看法；洞察力；获取subgroup['sʌbgruːp+n. 小群；隶属的小组织vt. 给…加副标题arthritis[ɑː'θraɪtɪs] n. [外科] 关节炎asthma ['æsmə]n. [内科][中医] 哮喘，气喘marital ['mærɪt(ə)l]adj. 婚姻的；夫妇间的perceive as视…为…deleterious [,delɪ'tɪərɪəs]adj. 有毒的，有害的predisposition *priːdɪspə'zɪʃn]n. 倾向；素质；易染病体质metaphysics [metə'fɪzɪks]n. 玄学，形而上学duration [djʊ'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 持续misgivings n. 疑虑，担忧sustenance ['sʌst(ə)nəns; -tɪn-]n. 食物；生计；支持unbounded [ʌn'baʊndɪd]adj. 无限的；不受控制的diligently ['dɪlədʒəntli]adv. 勤奋地；勤勉地deathless不灭的omnipotence全能blissful ['blɪsfʊl; -f(ə)l] adj.充满喜悦的gratify ['grætɪfaɪ]vt. 使满足；使满意，使高兴waft [wɒft; wɑːft+vt. 使飘荡；吹送n. 飘荡；吹拂vi. 飘荡freight [freɪt]vt. 运送；装货；使充满n. 货运；运费；船货flit[flɪt]vi. 掠过；轻快地飞；移居n. 轻快的飞行；搬家garish['geərɪʃ]adj. 炫耀的；过分装饰的；过分鲜艳的amidst [ə'mɪdst] prep. 在…当中throbbing temple搏动的太阳穴maternal [mə'tɜːn(ə)l] adj. 母亲的；母性的；母系的；母体遗传的frolic[frɒlik]嬉戏unit 14sluggard['slʌgəd]n. 游手好闲的人；懒鬼；偷懒者contentious [kən'tenʃəs] adj. 诉讼的；有异议的，引起争论的；爱争论的zenith ['zenɪθ+ n. 顶峰；顶点；最高点amputation [,æmpjʊ'teɪʃən]n. 截肢；切断（术）metamorphose [,metə'mɔːfəʊz]vt. 变质；变形；使变成ministry ['mɪnɪstrɪ] n. （政府的）部门solicitə'lɪsɪt]vt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求vi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求inscribe [ɪn'skraɪb]vt. 题写；题献；铭记；雕wrest [rest] n. 扭，拧vt. 用力拧；强夺；歪曲incursion [ɪn'kɜːʃ(ə)n] n. 入侵；侵犯emendator校正efflux[eflʌks]流出物effluence['efluəns]流出物oracle ['ɒrək(ə)l]n. 神谕；预言；神谕处；圣人prophet ['prɒfɪt]n. 先知；预言者；提倡者countervail vt. 补偿recede [rɪ'siːd+ vi.后退；减弱vt. 归还wither ['wɪðə]vt. 使凋谢；使畏缩；使衰弱vi. 枯萎；凋谢；衰弱proverbial[prə'vɜːbɪəl]adj. 谚语的；众所周知的；谚语式的sincerity [sɪn'serətɪ] n. 真实，诚挚clergy['klɜːdʒɪ]n. 神职人员；牧师；僧侣laity['leɪɪtɪ] n. 俗人；外行人；门外汉illuminate [ɪ'l(j)uːmɪneɪt] vi. 照亮vt. 阐明，说明；照亮；使灿烂；用灯装饰missal弥撒书hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] n. 遗传类adj. 遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的rectitude ['rektɪtjuːd+n. 公正；诚实；清廉prerogative [prɪ'rɒgətɪv] n. 特权adj. 有特权的resent [rɪ'zent] vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶slipperiness ['slɪp(ə)rɪnɪs] n. 滑溜crookedness歪曲indelible [ɪn'delɪb(ə)l]adj. 难忘的；擦不掉的withheld ['wɪð'held] v. 保留；扣留；抑制（withhold的过去式）avenger[ə'vɛndʒɚ]n. 复仇者nobler ['nəublə] adj. 高贵的；华丽的truce*truːs+ n. 停战；休战；休战协定vt. 以休战结束；停止争执vi. 停战prey [preɪ] vi. 捕食；掠夺；折磨n. 捕食；牺牲者；被捕食的动物veracity[və'ræsɪtɪ]n. 诚实；精确性；老实；说真实话blunt [blʌnt] vt. 使迟钝adj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的veridicus诚实的monitory ['mɒnɪt(ə)rɪ]adj.训戒的n.告诫书unmask[ʌn'mɑːsk+ vi. 脱去假面具vt. 撕下……的假面具；揭露cant [kænt]n. 斜面；伪善之言；黑话；角落vi. 倾斜；讲黑话vt. 把…棱角去掉；使…倾斜；甩掉adj. 行话的；哀诉声的；假仁假义的vulgar ['vʌlgə] n. 平民，百姓adj. 粗俗的；通俗的；本土的shuffling ['ʃʌflɪŋ+adj. 支吾的，曳步的；慢慢移动v. 拖着脚走；搪塞（shuffle的ing形式）equivocation [ɪ'kwɪvə'keʃən]n. 含糊话；模棱两可的话paltersuffrage['sʌfrɪdʒ] n. 选举权；投票；参政权；代祷；赞成票parole[pə'rəʊl] n. 语言；誓言，诺言；释放宣言vt. 有条件释放，假释；使假释出狱；宣誓后释放understate [ʌndə'steɪt]vt. 少说，少报；保守地说；有意轻描淡写vi. 保守地说；有意轻描淡写superlative最高级别kernel ['kɜːn(ə)ln. 核心，要点；[计] 内核；仁；麦粒，谷粒；精髓toil[tɒɪl]n. 辛苦；苦工；网；圈套vi. 辛苦工作；艰难地行进vt. 费力地做；使…过度劳累bestow [bɪ'stəʊ]vt. 使用；授予；放置；留宿reside in存在于divine[dɪ'vaɪn] adj. 神圣的；非凡的；天赐的；极好的vt. 占卜；预言；用占卜勘探 vi. 占卜；预言；使用占卜勘探矿 n. 牧师；神学家proportionate 成比例的 muse *mjuːz+ n. 沉思；冥想 vt. 沉思；沉思地说 vi. 沉思；凝望childlike adj. 天真烂漫的；孩子似的 transcendent [træn'send(ə)nt; tr ɑːn -] n. 卓越的人；超绝物adj. 卓越的；超常的；出类拔萃的 invalid ['ɪnv əl ɪd]adj. 无效的；有病的；残废的 n. 病人；残废者 vt. 使伤残；使退役vi. 变得病弱；因病而奉命退役 brute *bruːt+ adj. 残忍的；无理性的 n. 畜生；残暴的人arithmetic [ə'r ɪθmət ɪk] n. 算术，算法 disconcert [,d ɪsk ən's ɜːt+vt. 使仓皇失措；使困惑；破坏 conform to 与…一致prattle ['præt(ə)l] n. 无聊话；咿咿呀呀声vi. 闲聊；胡说；小孩般说话vt. 天真地说puberty *'pjuːbət ɪ] n. 青春期；开花期 manhood ['mænh ʊd]n. 成年；男子；男子气概 piquancy ['pik ənsi] n. 辛辣；尖刻；痛快（等于piquance ） enviable ['env ɪəb(ə)l] adj. 值得羡慕的；引起忌妒的 gracious ['gre ɪʃəs] adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的int. 天哪；哎呀 emphatic [ɪm'fæt ɪk; em-] adj. 着重的；加强语气的；显著的 bashful ['bæʃf ʊl; -f(ə)l] adj. 害羞的，腼腆的 nonchalance['n ɒn ʃ(ə)l(ə)ns; 'n ɒn ʃəl(ə)ns]n.冷淡；漠不关心；冷静 aught [ɔːt+ n. 任何事物（等于anything ）；无物 adv. 在任何程度上 disdain [d ɪs'de ɪn; -z-] n. 蔑视vt. 鄙弃 parlour['p ɑːlə] n.客厅；会客室；雅座 playhouse ['ple ɪha ʊs] n. 剧场；玩具房屋；儿童游戏室 eloquent ['el əkw ənt]adj. 意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的 cumber ['k ʌmb ə] vt. 阻碍，妨害；使受苦n. 拖累，累赘；妨害 verdict ['v ɜːdɪkt] n. 结论；裁定 court [k ɔːt+ n. 法院；球场；朝廷；奉承 vt. 招致（失败、危险等）；向…献殷勤；设法获得vi. 求爱 clap into jail 关进监狱 eclat[ei'kla:]n. 大成功；喝采；辉煌的成就 unbiased [ʌn'ba ɪəst] adj. 公正的；无偏见的 unbribable 不可收买的 inaudible [ɪn'ɔːdɪb(ə)l] adj. 听不见的；不可闻的 conspiracy [k ən'sp ɪr əs ɪ] n. 阴谋；共谋；阴谋集团 joint-stock 合资的conformity [k ən'f ɔːmɪt ɪ]n. 一致，适合；符合；相似 aversion [ə'v ɜːʃ(ə)n]n. 厌恶；讨厌的人 glamour ['ɡlæm ə] vt. 迷惑，迷住 n. 魅力，魔力；迷人的美 notoriety [n əʊt ə'ra ɪɪt ɪ]n. 恶名；声名狼藉；丑名crank *kræŋk+ n. 曲柄；奇想 adj. 易怒的vt. 装曲柄 decent *'diːs(ə)nt] adj. 正派的；得体的；相当好的 solid ['s ɒl ɪd] adj. 固体的；可靠的；立体的；结实的；一致的n. 固体；立方体 satirize ['sæt ɪra ɪz]vt. 讽刺；挖苦vi. 写讽刺作品 con[k ɒn] n. 反对票；反对论 vt. 精读；默记 adv. 反面地adj. 欺诈的prep. 以… permutation [p ɜːmjʊ'te ɪʃ(ə)n] n. [数] 排列；[数] 置换 meager ['mig ɚ] adj. 贫乏的；瘦的 boardinghouse 公寓 make do 凑合着用eccentric[ɪk'sentr ɪk; ek-] adj. 古怪的，反常的 n. 古怪的人satire ['sæta ɪə] n. 讽刺；讽刺文学，讽刺作品 frugal *'fruːg(ə)l] adj. 节俭的；朴素的；花钱少的 undistinguished [ʌnd ɪ'st ɪŋgwɪʃt]adj.平凡的；混杂的；听不清的；看不清的ordain [ɔː'deɪn] vt. 任命某人为牧师；授某人以圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；注定 vi. 颁布命令 validity[v ə'l ɪd ɪt ɪ]n. [计] 有效性；正确；正确性 sober ['s əʊb ə]adj. 冷静的，清醒的；未醉的 vt. 使严肃；使醒酒，使清醒 flock [fl ɒk]n. 群；棉束（等于floc ） vt. 用棉束填满 vi. 聚集；成群而行 embark on 着手做事 cogent ['k əʊd ʒ(ə)nt]adj. 强有力的；使人信服的volubility [,v ɔlju'biliti] n. 流利；健谈 unit 15unkempt [ʌn'kem(p)t] adj. 蓬乱的，不整洁的；（言语等）粗野的 weary ['w ɪər ɪ] adj. 疲倦的；厌烦的；令人厌烦的 vi. 疲倦；厌烦vt. 使疲倦；使厌烦 hay [he ɪ] n. 干草 vt. 把晒干vi. 割草晒干 sedately [s ɪ'de ɪtli] adv.安静地；沉着地 clamorously ['klæm ər əsli] adv. 吵闹地；大声要地asperitybitterness [b ɪt ən əs] n. 苦味；苦难；怨恨 whine [wa ɪn] n. 抱怨；牢骚；哀鸣 vi. 发牢骚；哭诉；嘎嘎响；发呜呜声vt. 哀诉 embroidered [im'br ɔid əd] adj. 绣花的；刺绣的 v. 刺绣；润色；渲染（embroider 的过去分词）husky ['h ʌsk ɪ] adj. 声音沙哑的；有壳的；强壮的 n. 强壮结实之人；爱斯基摩人。
(完整word版)英语泛读4
英语泛读4Unit 11.canyon=valley（峡谷）plateau（高原）cliff（悬崖）oasis（绿洲）2.embark on=start （着手去做）quest for=search for3.intriguing=interesting （有趣的）表示阴谋的词：plot scheme conspiracy fire extinguisher（灭火器）4.discriminative=discriminatory（区别的；有识别能力的）contaminant=pollutant（污染物）NASA（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）美国国家航空和宇宙航行局基督教Christianity 基督教徒Christians伊斯兰教Islam 穆斯林Muslims印度教Hinduism 印度教徒Hindus5.Pilgrim：Mayflower五月花号船1621年4月15日(旧历1621年4月5日)五月花号离开了美国臭氧层空洞ozone depletion 半岛peninsula中国南极科考站 1、长城站2、中山站3、昆仑站4、泰山站Text 1 Science in the Sahara：Man of the DessertⅠ：①面积：9,000,000 square kilometers3,500,000 square miles②Sahara：cover 10% of African continent；the number one largest hot dessert in the world；the largest dessert is Antarcticathe precipitation（降雨量）in dessert less than 10 inches③locationⅡ：landscapesand due（沙丘）25% stone plateau mountains range（山脉）cactus 仙人掌sand sea（沙海）seasonal 季节性的Nile River（尼罗河）The important points of Unit 1regarding its content and background information:1.The breakthrough events in the South Pole exploration, in particular, the first and second arrival at the South Pole including names of the explorers, their nationalities, time of arrival and the first South Pole research station.Amundsen：Norway（in Scandinavian Peninsula）斯堪的纳维亚半岛set out in October，1911。
英语泛读教程四 UNIT3 Refugees
L68
the ebb and flow跌宕起伏
See Ebb And Flow看潮起潮落 ebb and flow accordingly随之涨落
• World history can, with a little wriggling, be viewed as
the ebb and flow of empires.
L19
But clearly the Rwanda genocide was the result of
more than Hutu-Tutsi ethnic hatred.
但是很显然卢旺达的种族灭绝并不仅仅是胡图族与图
西族族群仇视的结果。
CIS
n. an alliance made up of states that had been Soviet
person "The Africans do not have problems of political asylum, " Qaddafi . • “非洲人没有政治庇护的问题”卡扎菲谈到。 • They continue to flee their homes and nations and seek asylum because they are persecuted for being who they are. • 他们因为自己生就的天性而被迫害，继续逃离他们的家园 和国家寻求庇护。
the act of returning to the country of origin
L11
• humanitarian [hju:,mæni'tεəriən] • n. • someone devoted to the promotion of human welfare
英语泛读教程4unit_2_Three_Days_to_See课文和译文
Three Days to Seeby Helen KellerHelen Keller, blind and deaf from infancy, became a successful lecturer, author and educator with the help of her teacher. In the following essay, she discussed how people should value their ability to see.All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours. But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets? Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of "Eat, drink, and be merry;" but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.In stories, the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed. He becomes more appreciative of the meaningof life and its permanent spiritual values. It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. "Nothing in particular," she replied. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough shaggy bark of a pine. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool water of a brook rush through my open fingers. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. The panorama of colour and action which fills the world is taken for granted. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in "How to Use Your Eyes". The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them. He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.Suppose you set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, how would you spend those three precious intervening days? What would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?I, naturally, should want most to see the things which have become dear to me through my years of darkness. You, too, would want to let your eyes rest long on the things that have become dear to you so that you could take the memory of them with you into the night that loomed before you.I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. First I should like to gaze long upon the face of my dear teacher, Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy, who came to me when I was a child and opened the outer world to me. I should want not merely to see the outline of her face, so that I could cherish it in my memory, but to study that face and find in it the living evidence of the sympathetic tenderness and patience with which she accomplished the difficult tasks of my education. I should like to see in her eyes that strength of character which has enabled her to stand firm in the face of difficulties, and that compassion for all humanity which she has revealed to me so often.I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that "window of the soul", the eye. I can only "see" through my finger tips the outline of a face. I can detect laughter, sorrow, and many other obvious emotions. I know my friends from the feel of their faces. But I cannot really picture their personalities by touch. I know their personalities, of course,through other means, through the thoughts they express to me, through whatever of their actions are revealed to me. But I am denied that deeper understanding of them which I am sure would come through sight of them through watching their reactions to various expressed thoughts and circumstances, through noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and countenance.Friends who are near to me I know well, because through the months and years they reveal themselves to me in all their phases; but of causal friends I have only an incomplete impression, an impression gained from a handclasp, from spoken words which I take from their lips with my finger tips, or which they tap into the palm of my hand.How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand. But does it ever occur to you to use your sight to see into the inner nature of a friend or acquaintance? Do not most of you seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and let it go at that?For instance, can you describe accurately the faces of five good friends? Some of you can, but many cannot. As an experiment, I have questioned husbands of long standing about the color of their wives' eyes, and often they express embarrassed confusion and admit that they do not know. And, incidentally, it is a chronic complaint of wives that their husbands do not notice new dresses, new hats, and changes in household arrangements.The eyes of seeing persons soon become accustomed to the routine of their surroundings, and they actually see only the startling and spectacular. But even in viewing the most spectacular sights the eyes are lazy. Court records reveal every day how inaccurately"eyewitnesses" see. A given event will be "seen" in several different ways by as many witnesses. Some see more than others, but few see everything that is within the range of their vision.Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days!<1634 words> 译文假如我有三天光明海伦·凯勒海伦·凯勒自幼就又盲又聋,在老师的帮助下成为一名成功的讲师、作家及教育家。
英语泛读教程_4-Unit_2_Exploration
That’s one small step for man and a giant leap for mankind.
Neil Armstrong
No. 3
Clue 1: He is an expert in astrophysics (天体物理学), theoretical physics (理论物理学) and mathematics.
major explorations after the Age of Discovery for scientific
exploration in the modern era. Ⅲ.Famous explorers 1. 艾德蒙·希拉里（1919年－2008年）第一位登上喜马拉雅山
的珠穆朗玛峰 2. 尤里·加加林（1934年－1968年）第一名进入太空的人 3. 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗（1930年－）第一名踏上月球的人 4. 植村直己（1941年－1984年）曾独自一人到达南极极点 5. 托尔·海尔达尔（1914年－2002年）以木筏康提基号，从秘
The Extra-terrestrial
A Letter to Beagle
Beagle
Beagle？ Mars express? ESA?
小猎犬2號是英国一个未能完成任务的着陆航天器，是欧洲空间局2003年火星快車 號任务的一部分。现在仍无法确定登陆器是否已到达了火星表面；它从火星特快车 上释放出来后的第六天，正准备按计划进入大气层时，失去了它所有的联系。也许 它根本就没上去火星，而是被弹出了大气层，进入环日轨道；或是在降落过程中被 大气燃烧殆尽。亦或是达到了火星表面，却撞到了超硬的物体，更或是由于某个错 误而无法与地球联系。小猎犬2的名字来自曾两次跟随对达尔文远征的小猎犬号帆船 ，这两次远征促使达尔文形成了进化论。这个登陆器也被认为是“猎犬号”，并在 后面加上探测器的数字。
泛读四idiom
III. Idiomatic Expressions1. Burn the midnight oil: to work or study until late at night熬夜工作，开夜车2. Hit the books: to study in a serious way严肃地读书、学习3. Do back-breaking work: to do very difficult physical work4. Work like a dog: to work hard and seriously5. Fall down on the job: to fail to do well6. Work one's fingers to the born: to study hard7. Be a breeze: to be something that is very easy to do8. Be easy as pie: to be very easy9. Have two left feet: to be very clumsy笨手笨脚的10. Have a green thumb: to be good at making plants grow擅长园艺11. Have a golden touch: 有财运12. Have a nose for something: to be naturally good at finding and recognizing somethin g天生擅长寻找识别某物13. Down to earth: to stop behaving or living in a way that is not practical放弃幻想，回归现实14. Show off15. Put on airs：装腔作势16. Think one is God's gift to mankind: 自命不凡17. Put someone in someone's place: to show someone that they are not as clever or im portant as they think they are煞某人的气焰18. Blow one's own horn: to praise yourself for your own achievements自吹自擂、自夸19. Bury the hatchet: to agree to stop arguing about something and become friends agai n重归于好hatchet:小斧20. Button one's lips:住嘴21. Flow with the tide22. Hold one's tongue: 闭嘴23. Let sleeping dogs lie: 别惹他，别惹麻烦，别惹事生非24. Mind one's own business25. Rock the boat：捣乱26. See eye to eye: agree with somebody27. Face up to something28. Leave someone high and dry: 使孤立无援，陷入困境29. Pass the buck: to try to blame someone else or make them responsible for something that you should deal with推诿责任30. Point one's finger at someone：指责、责怪某人31. Shoulder the responsibility32. Worm out of something: to avoid doing something that you have been asked to do b y making an excuse that is dishonest but clever worm out钻出，爬出33. All or nothing：要么全部，要么一点也没有34. Give-and-take: a willingness between two people or groups to understand each other , and to let both of them have some of the things they want 互相忍让35. Stick to one's guns：固执己见；争执36. Meet someone halfway：迎合某人；妥协37. Middle-of-the-road：中间派38. Find middle ground：寻求中间立场39. Go through with: to do something you had promised or planned to do, even though i t causes problems or you are no longer sure you want to do it.40. Hang in there: to remain brave and determined when you are in a difficult situation 坚持一下；再等等41. Give up放弃；交出；泄漏；宣布无法医治42. Stick with 继续做；跟着……;插满43. Sweat out: to continue to do something until it is finished, even though it is difficult 忍耐到底；发出；要得到44. Be a copycat无创造性的模仿者45. Be a yes-man唯命是从的人yes-man 应声虫；唯唯诺诺者46. Be on one's own自己做决定47. Stand on one's own feet用脚站立，站起来自食其力48. Cut the apron strings：摆脱妻子的束缚49. Have a mind of one's own：有主见50. Lead someone by the nose：牵着某人的鼻子走51. Be hot-headed：性格急躁的52. Blow up: to become very angry with someone 发怒；（使）爆炸；产生53. Count to ten: 使自己平静下来54. Grit one's teeth: to use all your determination to continue in spite of difficulties55. Reach the boiling point：if a situation or an emotion reaches boiling point, it becomesimpossible to control because the emotions involved are so strongEg. Public anger reached boiling point when troops were called in to control protesters.56. Hold one's temper57. Be down in the dumps: to feel depressed in the dumps:心情沮丧58. Feel blue: to feel sad59. Be in seventh heaven: to be very happy 非常快乐60. Be on top of the world: 心满意足；幸福到顶点；处于最佳职位61. Be on cloud nine: to be very happy about something 欣喜若狂；得意忘形62. Walk on air:得意洋洋63. Be out of sorts 不舒服；不爽；不好过；64.be tickled pink: to be very happybe in seventh heaven非常快乐网络释义暗示很是福祉魔王Live Devil有趣的英语表达 ... the seventh son of aseventh son---显要的儿女。
大学英语泛读教程4第三版答案王建芳
大学英语泛读教程4第三版答案王建芳1、_______ after dinner is good for our health. [单选题] *A. WalksB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkedD. Walk2、They returned successfully from ______ moon to _____ earth. [单选题] *A. /; /B. /; theC. the; the(正确答案)D. the; /3、--What’s your _______, Jim Green?--Jim. [单选题] *A. full nameB. first name(正确答案)C. last nameD. family name4、Every year Carl _______ most of his time swimming, camping and traveling with his parents. [单选题] *A. is spendingB. spentC. will spendD. spends(正确答案)5、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known6、It’s raining heavily outside. Don’t leave _______ it stops. [单选题] *A. whileB. sinceC. until(正确答案)D. when7、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)8、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining9、How I wish I（）to repair the watch! I only made it worse. [单选题] *A. had triedB. hadn't tried(正确答案)C. have triedD.didn't try10、95--Where and when _______ you _______ it? [单选题] *A. did; buy(正确答案)B. do; buyC. have; boughtD. will; buy11、27．Will it ______ warm in the room? [单选题] *A．areB．be(正确答案)C．isD．going to be12、—What’s wrong with you, Mike?—I’m really tired because I studied for today’s test ______ midnight last night. （）[单选题] *A. althoughB. unlessC. until(正确答案)D. so that13、I can’t hear you _______. Please speak a little louder. [单选题] *A. clearly(正确答案)B. lovelyC. widelyD. carelessly14、You _____ smoke in the library, or you will be driven away. [单选题] *A. can'tB. mustn't(正确答案)C. will notD. may not15、--Mom, I will not eat fast food this year. Believe me.--If you make a _______, you must keep it. [单选题] *A. jokeB. noiseC. mistakeD. promise(正确答案)16、It ______ me half an hour to return to school.（）[单选题] *A. takes(正确答案)B. spendsC. costsD. brings17、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect18、Since we have _____ money left,we can't afford the expensive computer. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few19、I’m not sure whether we’ll go on ______ foot or by _____ bike? [单选题] *A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /(正确答案)D. the; /20、Don’t _______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worry(正确答案)B. worried aboutC. worry aboutD. worried21、The trouble turned out to have nothing to do with them. [单选题] *A. 由…引发的B. 与…有牵连C. 给…带来麻烦D. 与…不相干(正确答案)22、He is a student of _______. [单选题] *A. Class SecondB. the Class TwoC. Class Two(正确答案)D. Second Two23、He was proud of what he had done. [单选题] *A. 对…感到自豪(正确答案)B. 对…感到满足C. 对…表示不满D. 对…表示后悔24、The news is?_______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. exciting;?excited(正确答案)B. excited;?excitingC. exciting;?excitingD. excited;?excited25、( ) She keeps on learning English all the time. So far, she______three books of New Concept English. [单选题] *A. has learned(正确答案)B. have learnedC. had learnedD. learn26、I had _______ egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /27、83．The school is? ? ? ? ? ? ?the hospital. [单选题] *A．withC．ontoD．opposite(正确答案)28、You are getting too old for football.You had better _____tennis instead. [单选题] *A.take up(正确答案)B.take inC.take forD.take over29、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned30、97．Go ______ the square and you will find the theatre. [单选题] *A．aboveB．atC．across(正确答案)。
英语泛读教程4__课文翻译
英语泛读教程4__课文翻译第一单元第一篇"Good words cost nothing, but are worth much,"said Thomas Fuller,the 17th century British scholar.“良言不费分文,但价值甚大,”托马斯说丰满,17th世纪英国学者。
They serve to give encouragement and smooth away differences and misunderstandings, as this article explains.他们服役给予鼓励和克服差异和误解,因为这篇文章解释了。
"Maybe when I'm a hundred,I'll get used to having everything I do taken for granted,"a young homemaker confided to her neighbor.“也许当我一百岁时,我就会习惯吃我做的一切视为理所当然,”一个年轻的家庭主妇被任命她的邻居。
"If Bill would compliment me once in a while, he'd make my life much happier."“如果法案恭维我,偶尔也好,他会使我的生活更幸福。
”Few of us realize how much we need encouragement.我们很少有人意识到我们是多么需要鼓励的。
Yet we must bask in the warmth of approval now and then or lose our self-confidence.但是我们仍然必须沐浴在温暖的批准,否则现在失去自己的自信。
All of us need to feel needed and admired.我们都需要去感觉需要和赞赏。
英语泛读4答案课本
Unit 1爱学网（）1.The candidates who wish to __________ from the examination must notify the secretary immediately.A. resign 辞职；放弃B. remove 移动；开除C. suspend 延迟；悬浮D. withdraw 撤退；离开2. Gradually the balloon ____________ out and rose into the air.A. swelled 膨胀；增大B. expanded 扩大C. stretched 伸展；舒展D. enlarged 扩大，增大3. When you take medicine, be careful not to ___________ that amount printed on the bottle.A. exceed 超过；胜过B. substitute 代替C. surpass 超越；胜过；优于D. overcome 克服；胜过4.The current political ___________of our country is favorable for foreign investments.A. weather 天气；处境B. climate 气候；思潮C. temperature 温度D. state 规定；声明5. Our spokesman has ___________our position on this question.A. verified 查实；证实B. certified 证明；证实C. testified 证明；作证D. clarified 阐明；澄清6. A teacher should give attention to each ___________ student in his class. A. personal B. private C. own D. individual7.The population of Hong Kong is ___________ Chinese.A. popularly 普及地B. regularly 有规律地C. commonly 一般地D. predominantly 主要地；显著地8. Children feel that their parents do not give enough ___________ to the problems of young people.A. consent 同意；一致B. appeal 呼吁；吸引力C. affection 喜爱；影响D. recognition 识别；承认9. He wears a red hat to make himself ___________ so as to arrest the driver’s attention. A. conspicuous 显著的B. subconscious 潜意识的C. ambiguous10. Anything you say will be ___________ and maybe used in evidence.A. taken down 记下；拿下B. taken off 起飞；脱下C. taken atD. taken away 拿走；解除11. A helicopter is a very convenient means of transportation. It is able to ___________ and land vertically.A. take awayB. take offC. take up 拿起；开始从事；占据D. take down12. I cannot lend you any money because I still ___________ one hundred dollars on that car.A. charge 索价B. owe 欠应给予C. own 拥有；承认D. loan 借给13.The income from the estate probably ___________ about $8,000 a year.A. amounted to 相当于，总计为B. amounted 总计C. added to 加入；增加D. added up 合计14. She ___________ her homework immediately after breakfast.A. set aside 留出；撤销B. set off 出发；引起C. set back 推迟；使受挫折D. set about 着手；开始做15. I cannot ___________ myself that she has already left.A. remind 提醒；使想起B. convince 说服；使确信C. confirm 确认；证实D. convict 证明…有罪16. They talked about their business ___________ a cup of tea.A. withB. forC. atD. over17.The old man’s ruddy complexion gave an ___________of good health.A. idea 想法；概念B. fancy 幻想；想象力C. imagination 想象力D. illusion 幻觉，错觉18.The cold drink ___________ him after the long hours of hard work.A. reduced 减少B. refreshed 使清凉C. released 释放；发布D. recovered 恢复19. When he entered the room, he found that newspapers and magazines were ___________ all over the floor.A. separatedB. splashed 溅，泼C. spread 传播，散步D. scattered 分散；散播20.People usually judge a man by the___________ he keeps.A. company 公司；同伴B. companion 同伴；朋友C. companies 伙伴D. companionship 友谊；陪伴Unit 21.The illegality 违法of marijuana does not preventmany people from using it. (legal 合法的)2. He worked ambitiously 雄心勃勃地to perfect his technical and improvisational skills. (ambition 野心；抱负)3.Unfortunately, such discriminative 区别的，歧视的practices often go unnoticed. (discriminate 歧视；区别)4. Henry Ford was a persistent 固执的，坚持的individual who built one of America’s largest industries. (persist 坚持；持续)5. Because of this low resistance 阻力；反抗to cold, they can be seriously damaged when temperatures drop below freezing. (resistant 抵抗的；顽固的)6. Contamination 污染in the water and air can create serious health hazards. (contaminate 污染，弄脏)7. He was surprised to discover that his driver’s license was invalid 无效的it had expired the previous week. (valid 有效的，有根据的)8.The water around the islands is fantastically 空想地；难以置信地clear, giving underwater swimmers a great view of fish and rock formations. (fantasy 幻想；空想)9.The space program has strict requirements for its astronauts, specifically 特别地；明确地that they be in excellent physical and mental health. (specify 指定)10. Walt Disney’s movies and cartoons have amused 逗笑children and grown-ups since 1926. (amusement 消遣；娱乐)11.The disappearance is so sudden as to seem magical 魔术的；神奇的. (magic 魔法；戏法)12. His parents were kept ignorant 忽视of the fact that he failed in the examination. (ignorance 忽视；不知)13. You’ll have to learn to make difficult decisions if you are to survive 生存；存活in business. (survival 幸存)14. Lewis and Clark explored 开发；探寻the Northwest. (exploration 探测；探究)15.The gang tried to intimidate 恐吓；胁迫the merchant. (timid 胆小的；羞怯的)16.The package is light but it’s too bulky 庞大的；笨重的to carry. (bulk 大块；体积)17. Devout Muslims must make a pilgrimage 朝拜to Mecca. (pilgrim 朝圣者)18. I saw a galaxy 银河；星系of lights on a hillside, marking a village. (galactic 银河的)19. His brain operation caused a great transformation 转化；改革in his character. (transform 改变；转化)20.The Prime Minister’s policy alienated 疏远，离间many backbenchers. (alien 外国人)Unit 31. _____________ your instruction, I would never have known how to go about the work.A. If not for 要不是B. Unless 除非C. Except 除了D. But for 要不是；如果没有2. On hearing the bad news, she began _____________ so loudly that her heart seemed to have broken.A. weeping 哭泣B. sobbing 哭泣C. chuckling 暗自发笑叫喊D. crying 叫喊3. You must not be _____________ at feeling the difficulties.A. put out 熄灭；伸出B. put away 放好；抛弃C. put for 以…为目标前进D. put up 提供；举起4. Be quiet _____________ you should wake the baby.A. so thatB. in caseC. providing that 假如D. in order that5.People who talk and sing _____________ plants are not crazy, in fact, it makes them grow better, according to Arnold Braymar, a government agriculture expert.A. toB. withC. forD. against6. He was so _____________ on his work that he didn’t hear his wife come in.A. intent 专心的B. absorbed 全神贯注C. involved 参与；卷入D. devoted 献身于7. Miraculously, they _____________the bombing.A. survived 幸存B. existedC. conquered 战胜；征服D. overcame8. Adventurism and deceit _____________ their foreign policy in those days.A. took up 开始B. made up 编造C. consisted 组成D. in order that9. He eats much but _____________ lean. A. keeps B. remains C. holds D. gets10. On Sundays his landlady provided dinner _____________ breakfast.A. as wellB. as well asC. alsoD. together with 11. You were permitted into the hall for the film, _____________ you sat at the back. A. unless B. provided 假如C. though D. suppose12. I know her _____________, but I have never spoken to her.A. for sightB. in sight 看得见C. on sight 立即D. by sight13. I underwent an operation _____________ an early recovery.A. in hopes of希望能B. in the hopes of怀着的希望C. in hope of怀着的希望D. with the hope of14. I can’t help you. You _____________ this _____________ yourself.A. brought…forwardB. brought…onC. brought…aboutD. brought…up15. We watched the football match on _____________ television.A. liveB. livelyC. livinglyD. alive16. My mother _____________ to cigar smoking.A. reactsB. respondsC. objectsD. admits17. Travelers had better get their reservations well _____________ if they want to fly during the Christmas holidays.A. in advanceB. in handC. in placeD. in case18. She is so _____________ that no one can please her.A. particularB. specifiedC. especialD. typical19.The Red Cross _____________ food and clothing to the victims of the flood in time.A. gave offB. gave backC. gave upD. gave out20. I can’t _____________ that noise.A. sustain 维持；支撑B. survive 幸存C. restrain 抑制；结束D. tolerate 忍受Unit 41.The Indians burned the farm as a retaliatory 报复的gesture. (retaliation 报复；反击)2. Most people have a rudimental 基本的；初步的knowledge of some other language. (rudiment 雏形；基本原理)3. I wouldn’t be so presumptuous 专横的；冒昧的as to tell you what to do. (presumption 放肆，傲慢)4.The road map completely perplexed 困惑的；不知所措的the tourists. (perplexity 困惑；混乱)5. He averted 避免；转开his eyes from the terrible sight. (aversion 厌恶)6.The analyst’s conjecture 推测；猜想later proved to be very accurate. (conjectural 推测的)7. Alexander Pope was a great English satirist 讽刺作家. (satirical 讽刺的)8.The fans shouted boisterously 吵闹地；喧闹地when the team won the game. (boisterous 喧闹的；猛烈的)9. Most national parks have an abundance 大量的of wild life. (abound 富于；充满)10.The actors forgot their lines and improvised 即兴创作；临时做the scene. (improvisation 即兴创作；即席演奏)11.The state also has a wealth of various 各种各样的minerals. (vary 变化；使多样化)12. It is the intention 意图；目的of many foreign tourists to see all the national parks in the West. (intend 打算；想要)13.The proposed 提议的；推荐的plan would improve the quality of air in the foothills of the Rockies. (proposal 提议)14.The present size of these lakes is much smaller than their original 原始的size. (origin 起源；开端)15.The challenge of taming a wild horse and roping a cow created 创造；建立the basis of the rodeo. (creation 创造，创作)16.The committee is advocating 主张，提倡revision of the draft laws. (advocate 提倡；主张)17. He is conservative about clothing and shuns anything considered trendy 流行的，时髦的. (trend 趋势，倾向)18. It was a promising 有希望的，有前途的start in a new field. (promise 允诺；许诺)19.The doctor is in consultation 顾问，咨询with a patient. (consult 请教；商议)20. It is gracious 亲切的；雅致的of him to show us around his beautiful home. (grace 优雅；魅力)Unit 51. He is pleading with us to _____________ him.A. provide 提供B. persist 坚持；持续C. insist 坚持，强调D. assist 帮助；促进2. It can be very profitable to _____________the waste left by the factory.A. explore 探索；探险B. exploit 开发；开采C. expose 揭露；显示D. exhaust 排出；耗尽3. Internet technology will _____________ tremendous changes in all fields.A. bring around 使信服；使复原B. bring out 出版；说出C. bring about 引起D. bring up 提出；养育4.The_____________ structure of the book is outlined in the next paragraph.A. generous 大方的B. particular 特别的C. overall 全部的D. considerable 相当的5. At present, we cannot find any _____________ evidence to accuse him guilty.A. smooth 顺利的B. hard 确实的C. firm 坚定的D. indefinite 无限的；模糊的6. My plants always look brown. Maybe they are too _____________ to the sunshine.A. sensitive 敏感的B. sensational 轰动的C. sensible 明智的D. sentimental 感伤的7. Adolescence is a period of_____________ from child to adult.A. transmission 传递；传送B. transition 过渡；转变C. transaction 交易；办理D. transplantation 迁移8. Mr. Smith just accepted a speaking ____________ in another school. He will not be able to come to the party.A. engagement 约会；诺言B. interaction 互动C. affection 影响D. communication 交流9.The company will take half of the rest is at his _____________.A. dismissal 解雇B. disposal 处理；支配；安排C. useD. usage 使用；用法10. I was almost about to _____________ a match before I realized the danger.A. rub 摩擦；擦破B. strike 打击；敲打C. scrape 刮掉；擦伤D. hit 打击；碰撞11. In the Navajo household, grandparents and other relatives play _____________ roles in raising children.A. strongB. exemplary 典范的C. indispensable 不可缺少的；绝对必要的D. demanding 要求的12.The walnut is a deciduous tree that _____________ valuable nuts.A. enrichesB. yields 生产C. replacesD. hides13. Embroidery _____________ scenic views became popular in the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century.A. distorting 扭曲；变形B. commemorating 庆祝，纪念C. depicting 描绘，描述D. emphasizing 强调14.The Ford Foundation is one of the world’s wealthiest _____________ organizations.A. profligate 不检点的B. government 政府C. philanthropic 博爱的；仁慈的D. multinational 跨国的15. Ocean-going vessels have often used flags to indicate their _____________.A. nationality 国籍B. destination 目的地C. cargo 货物D. allowance 津贴；允许16. Every _____________of a symphony orchestra’s performance is the responsibility of the conductor.A. note 调子B. chord 和弦C. facet 方面D. movement 乐章17. Although many people had long regarded the“Star-Spangled Banner”as the national _____________, it was not officially designated as such until 1916.A. anthem 圣歌；赞美诗B. subject 主题；国民C. slogan 标语；呐喊声D. symbol 象征18.The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as _____________ increases.A. ventilation 通风设备B. pressure 气压C. elevation 海拔D. humidity 湿度19.The victory of the match _____________the cooperation of the players, instead of individual show-off. A. consists of包括B. persists in 坚持C. hinges on 取决于D. relates to 有关20. He remains _____________ about the results of the examination, and feels reluctant to accept it. A. confident B. skeptical 怀疑的C. surprised D. sensational 轰动的Unit 61. Taking the subway in Boston can be a frustrating 令人沮丧的experience. (frustrate 挫败；阻挠)2. It is no exaggeration 夸张to say that New Hampshire’s lakes and streams are filled with big fish. (exaggerate 夸大；夸张)3. Benjamin Franklin was an inspiring 鼓舞人心的scientist, inventor, writer, and statesman. (inspiration 灵感；鼓舞)4. An industrious 勤勉的student may receive a scholarship to one of New England’s prestigious universities. (industry 产业；勤勉)5. They conversed 交谈；谈话for a short time about the advantages of living in Los Angels. (conversational 对话的；健谈的)6. Lisa dressed comfortably 舒服地for the long drive from Boston to Bangor. (comforting 安慰的；令人欣慰的)7. Sandals, for example, are definitely inappropriate 不适当的；不相称的for the rough trails. (appropriately 适当地)8. Distinguished 著名的scientists come from all over the world to do research at the various institutes. (distinguish 区别)9. Thanksgiving is a traditional 传统的holiday in New England and in the rest of the United States. (traditionally 传统上)10.The brochure also descriptively 叙述地illustrated the different models in a diagram. (description 描述)11.The American colonies regarded George III as a tyrant 暴君. (tyranny 暴政；专横)12.The uncertainty 不确定of her answer made me suspicious. (certain 某一；某些；确实的)13.The Pilgrims came to America after being persecuted 烦扰for their religious beliefs. (persecution 迫害；烦扰)14. She pursues 追求the goal of perfection in her art. (pursuit 追求)15.The town was surrounded by hostile 敌对的troops. (hostility 敌意)16. There is no way to stop the flight 飞行；航班of time. (fly 飞行)17.The labor 劳动it would take to improvise a rope bridge across the chasm is enormous. (laborious 勤劳的；艰苦的)18. Everywhere was in chaos 混乱and disorder. (chaotic 混乱的)19. There have been an exceptional 例外的number of rainy days this year. (except 除了)20.The doctor prescribed something to strengthen 加强；强化her heart. (strength 力量；长处)Unit 71. Since your teacher has _____________the time for a talk with you, you must make sure that you will be there on time.A. predicted 预计B. madeC. specified 指定D. classified 分类2. If you have mosquito problem, remember that they reproduce in water. Be sure to _________ these spots in and around your home.A. occupyB. releaseC. eliminate 消除；排除D. investigate3. Hot metal _____________ as it grows colder.A. compresses 压缩B. reduces 减少C. contracts 收缩D. condenses 浓缩4. They _____________the project to the board for approval.A. submitted 递交；主张；屈服B. permitted 允许C. admitted 承认D. committed 承诺；委托5. He said he could not_____________ all the information given in the broadcast.A. adhere 坚持；依附B. admire 钦佩；称赞C. absorb 吸收D. accumulate 累积6. I don’t know if this is true, but I’ll try to _____________ it.A. identifyB. reinforce 加强C. verify 核实；查证D. conform 符合；遵循7. Going round to the bank was part of the_____________of her work.A. routine 日常工作B. revenue 税收C. remedy 补救；治疗D. relief 救济；减轻8. Since the couple couldn’t _____________ their differences, they decided to get a divorce.A. resume 继续；恢复B. repel 击退；抵制C. reconcile 调节；使和解D. revise 修正；校订9. Jim badly _____________ his back when digging in the garden last night.A. exerted 外露B. strained 拉紧；扭伤C. pulled 拉D. stretched 伸展；拉伸10. Although the arguments were _____________, I was not convinced.A. apparent 显然的B. universal 普遍的C. exceptional 异常的，例外的D. rational 合理的11.The_____________ for tonight is rain changing to snow.A. broadcast 广播B. forecast 预报C. controlD. overcome 12. What material do you _____________ to complete the job?A. acquire 获得；取得B. require 需要C. request 请求；要求D. ask 要求；需要13. It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior _____________ depend on one’s own taste.A. other thanB. thanC. more thanD. rather than14. We did only a(n) _____________ amount of business today.A. averageB. middleC. mediumD. moderate 有节制的；适度的15. Edison failed thousands of times _________ he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp.A. afterB. whenC. beforeD. as16. He could always _____________ a reason for them to linger another month.A. come with 伴随B. come up 走进；开始C. come up with 提出D. come up for 参加17. I spent the next two years investigating the very questions _____________ by him.A. posed 形成；主张B. heldC. putD. set18. These evening courses will _____________ an academic degree.A. result toB. result fromC. cause toD. lead to19. He did poorly in his exams, _____________ how hard he had studied for them.A. considering 考虑到B. to consider 考虑C. thinking 思考D. regarding 关于20. _____________ classic music, which follows formal European tradition, jazz is a spontaneous and free form.A. In contrast to 相反B. In connection with 有关于C. In comparison with 相比之下D. In regard to 关于Unit 81. New York’s hot weather is often aggravated 加重；恶化by its humidity. (aggravation 加剧；激怒)2.Many people resolve 决心to change their habits and never do. (resolution 解决；决心)3. Jonas Salk found a new method/methodology 方法of preventing polio. (methodical 有系统的；有方法的)4. Franklin’s writings contain many admonishments/admonitions 训诫；警告to the reader. (admonish 告诫；劝告)5.The injured child was taken to a clinic 诊所. (clinical 临床的；诊所的)6.The hosts at the party were especially congenial 意气相投的. (congeniality 同性质；意气相投)7. He had an acute 严重的；急性的attack of appendicitis. (acuteness 剧烈；敏锐)8. His scornful derision 嘲笑was very irritating. (deride 嘲笑)9. There was a dramatic 戏剧的confrontation between the two leaders. (drama 戏剧)10. A strong military establishment can be an implement 工具；手段of peace. (implementation 实现；履行)11. Picasso’s artistic 艺术的ability was apparent in his youth. (art 艺术)12.The patient showed a marked/remarkable 显著的improvement. (mark 标志)13. He has terrorized 使恐怖his employees with threats of instant dismissals. (terror 恐怖)14.The girl has the mentality 智力of a much older child. (mental 精神的)15.The money that might be spent on cities has been diverted 转向，转入into other projects. (diversion 转移；消遣)16. Two monstrous 巨大的sharks cross the bow of the boat. (monster 怪物)17. Isn’t it interesting how two people can have very different perceptions 认知；看法of the same person? (perceptive 感知的，知觉的)18. They fenced in the western extremity 极度of the ranch. (extreme 极端的)19. Her remarks were spontaneous 自发的；无意识的and obviously not planned. (spontaneity 自发性)20.The teacher dictated 口述a short poem to the class. (dictation 听写；口述)Unit 91. On Labour Day the workers will march in _____________ through the town.A. process 过程B. procedure 程序；步骤C. procession 队伍，行列D. progress 进步；前进2.The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were _____________.A. illiterate 文盲的B. illegible 难辨认的C. illegitimate 非法的D. inscrutable 神秘的；不可思议的3.The floods did not start to _____________ until two days after the rain had stopped.A. retire 退休；离开B. recede 后退；减弱C. retreat 撤退D. depart 离开；出发4. Poisons should be kept in a place that is _____________ to children.A. unavailable 不能利用的B. inapplicable 不适用的C. insurmountable 难以对付的D. inaccessible 难达到的5. He has read widely but seldom thought deeply so his apparent learning is really quite _____________.A. superior 优秀的B. superficial 表面的C. superfluous 多余的D. supercilious 傲慢的6. He went ahead with unpopular changes, _____________ to hostile criticism.A. opposed 相反的B. indifferent 漠不关心的；中立的C. sensible 意识到的D. unaware 无意的7. He came to inspect the house _____________ buying it.A. in the event of发生B. with a view to 着眼于；考虑到C. with reference to 关于D. on account of由于；因为8.The teacher was _____________ both in his marking of homework and in his treatment of offenders.A. lenient 仁慈的；宽大的B. merciful 慈悲的；宽容的C. forgiving 宽容的D. sympathetic 同情的9. Uniform acceleration occurs _____________the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time.A. accordingB. ifC. withD. under10. He was _____________of his sight by the accident.A. ensuredB. informedC. deprived 除去；缺少D. destroyed 11.The development of industry must not be _____________ at the expense of environmental pollution.A. engaged 保证；约定B. devoted 献身于C. registered 注册D. pursued 追踪，追击12. Thousands of spectators _____________ on the city for the horse race.A. converged 聚集B. assembles 集合C. crowdedD. accumulated 累积13.The news item about the fire was followed by a detailed report made _____________.A. on the spot 当场，立即B. on the site 现场C. on the locationD. on the ground14. A man has to make _____________ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A. supplyB. assurance 保证；保险C. provision 规定；准备D. adjustment 调整15. We have a well developed marketing _____________.A. unity 联合；个体B. combination 组合C. network 网络D. connection 连接16. Do you have a(n) _____________ reason for being late?A. operative 有效的B. valid 有根据的；正当的C. valuable 有价值的D. efficient 有效率的17.The magician picked several persons ___________ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A. by accident 偶然；意外地B. at random 随机地；任意地C. on occasion 偶尔D. on average 平均18.The police are _____________the matter.A. looking through 浏览，温习B. looking into 调查C. looking over 检查D. looking after 照顾19.The doctor was asked to go back to the hospital because of_____________ case.A. an operation 手术B. an emergency 紧急情况C. a treatment 治疗D. an incident 事件20. Attendance at the meeting is _____________.A. compelling 强制的B. forced 强迫的C. obliged 必须的D. compulsory 义务的；被强制的。
泛读教程4 英语习语整理
Unite1:ease of effortbe a breeze: 易做之事（毫不费力）such as a task, that is easy to do 【非正式用语】have a green thumb: 天才；有天赋（园艺技能）an extraordinary ability to make plants grow wellbe easy as pie: 极容易【非正式用语】capable of being accomplished or done with no difficultyhave a golden touch: （在优越的条件下）做任何想做的事have two left feet: 对某事不在行（极其笨拙）have a nose for something: 探查/发现某事（物）/善于探听the ability to detect, sense, or discover as if by smell感觉能力Unite2:humanitydown to earth: 现实的think one is God’s gift to mankind: 认为某人很了不起show off: 炫耀put someone in someone’s place: 挫某人之锐气；给下马威put on airs: 装腔作势；自以为了不起blow one’s own horn: 自吹自擂；自夸Unite3: responsibilityface up to something: 勇于正视；勇于承担point one’ finger at someone: 指责某人；责怪leave someone high and dry: 做错事情时老是责怪别人shoulder the responsibility: 承担责任pass the buck: [口]推卸责任, 把为难的事推给别人the buck stops here: 【俚语】责任止于此worm out of something: 逃脱责任Unite4:compromiseall or nothing: not allowing for qualification or compromise; either fully or not at all要么是全部，要么一点儿也不要；没有折衷的办法meet someone halfway: you accept some of their ideas & make concessions；在半路上迎接某人；迁就某人，对某人做出让步，和某人妥协；过早担忧某事give-and-take: 妥协；互让；意见交换middle-of-the road:中庸；中道；中间路线stick to one’s guns: 固执己见，坚守立场Unite5:perseverancego through with:完成，实行；把…进行到底；忍受折磨hang in there：(面对逆境)坚持不懈，坚持不屈不挠，坚持下去，拿出勇气，不泄气，不胆怯give up:stick with:和...呆在一起；继续支持、追随某人；不放弃，坚持做，继续做sweat out:辛苦工作以求达到(目的)；心情焦虑地等待(或忍受)；吃力地完成(或获得)；艰苦地争取费了九牛二虎之力Unite6:independencebe a copycat: One that closely imitates or mimics another 模仿者, 死板地模仿或仿效他人的人; 无主见的家伙cut the apron strings: Usually used in the plural with tied to indicate complete control or dominance 围裙带, 通常以复数形式与tied 连用指完全的控制或支配be a yes-man: 应声虫，随声附和的人have a mind of one’s own: 自有主张, 性格果断be on one’s own: 独处lead someone by the nose: 牵着某人的鼻子走stand on one’s own two feet: 自立Unite7:control of emotionsbe cool as a cucumber: 泰然自若, 极为冷静go to pieces: 破碎, 碎裂; 身体[精神]垮下来; 瓦解, 崩溃be tough/ hard as nails: 身体强壮得象铁打似的; 铁石心肠的; 严峻的hold one’s head up: 觉得受人尊重; 不再垂头丧气keep one’s chin up: 勇敢, 坚决fall apart: 土崩瓦解; 散开; 崩溃pull oneself together: 振作起来, 冷静下来Unite8:control of angerbe hot-headed:性急鲁莽易；发怒blow up:爆发爆炸；吹气；言过其实，夸大其词count to ten:数到十，引申的意思还有放轻松、别紧张等。
英语泛读教程4单词
might: strength 力量、威力、能力eerie: mysterious 令人毛骨悚然的、神秘的;怪异的afoot: in operation在进行中的、活动着的canny: clever 精明的、机敏的lucid: clear 清楚易懂的、明晰的inherent: natural 内在的、与生俱来的vagaries: unusual ideas 异想天开condone: forgive 宽恕、原谅flamboyance: showy behavior 浮夸、炫耀evasion: avoidance 逃避、回避peak: achieve its maximum of development transition: change转移、转换radically: fundamentally 根本地、彻底地halve: lessen by one half 对分、分享secular: not religious 非宗教的dwindle: decrease 减少、变小unfathomable: unmeasurable 深不可测的，不可理解的presumably: probably可能，大概reversed: inverted颠倒的，相反的go mucking about with: interfere with干涉，介入winds up: appears in the end portends: is a warning of 预示、预先警告，意味着toxic: poisonous有毒的yield: output结出、产生scrapped: removed废弃、拆毁trigger: cause 触发、引起jumpy: apprehensive提心吊胆的fussier: more fastidious过分挑剔的、过分讲究的outlawed: banned禁止、限制prudence: discretion审慎、慎重spinning off: forming…from parts of an existing company bolstered: supported支撑、支持at their peril: for concern of the danger velocities: speeds速度inertial: inactive不活泼的、习惯性的synchronised: caused to occur at the same time同步dilation: expansion扩张、扩大resignation: acceptance听任、顺从vibrates: moves颤动、震动suspended: stopped暂停stationary: motionless静止的complementary: supplementary补充的hold: remain valid ingrained: rooted 根深蒂固的uptight: tense烦躁的，不安的，易怒的sitting: taking 参加考试lucrative: profitable 有利可图的penetration: influence穿透、渗入concern: importance重要的事、利害关系effusive: excited过分热情的overtaken: increased faster than赶上、超过targeted: aimed旨在debate: argument integrated: complicated完整的funky: fashionable稀奇古怪的was consigned to: was put into celebrity: fame delirious: insane精神错乱的ascribed: attributed to归因于sinister: evil不祥的，恶意的sketches: depicts草图demise: death死亡prematurely: earlier than the proper time过早地、贸然地infectious: epidemic传染的implicated: implied意味着eliminate: remove 消除besieged: assailed围攻、困扰prompted: motivated引起、激起preeminent: greatest卓越的、显著的cataclysmic: disastrous灾难性的precursor: forerunner先驱、前辈、前兆consortium: group合伙、联合parlance: jargon说法、语调wedded: united结合在一起subversive: revolutionary变革的、破坏性的undermines: weakens逐渐损害retrace: go back over折回，回顾，追溯hangar: shed 棚、库presided: took the chair担任会议主席、主持fan out: spread out散开scavenge: hunt搜寻hodgepodge: mixture混杂物synthesizes: integrates使合成intriguing: fascinating使着迷subjugated: conquered征服vassals: princes诸侯tended: looked after照管、看护rampaged: rushed about wildly and violently暴跳、横冲直撞weird: bizarre奇异的，神秘的tallying up: calculating计算，清点catastrophe: disaster coarse: rough粗俗的shifts: changes hasten: speed up加速cautioned: warned警告drenched: soaked湿透的，充满的hypothesis: theory假说，假设 a shred of: a small amount of少量poke holes: find fault with undermined: weakened逐渐损害extrapolating: predicting推断。
专四泛读材料-4
专四泛读材料-413I came across an old country guide the other day.It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country,and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural Eng1and might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, bul its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news whi1e doing their shopping, instead of queueing up anonymously at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that persona1 service has a substantial cash value.His Prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, bu he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within anhour.They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them..The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But Ialso find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways inwhich a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways. For example, our shoemaker is a formidable figure: a thick-set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill-judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass-produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them.And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.1.The services available in villages nowadays arenormally_________.(A) fewer but still very active(B) less successful than earlier but managing to survive(C) active in providing food for the village and tourists(D) surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them2.The local grocer’s s hop is expanding even though________.(A) town shops are more attractive(B) town shops are larger and less well-known(C) people like to shop where they are less well-known(D) people get extra service in townshops3.How do the village grocer’s assistants feel about delivering goods?(A) They tend to forget it. (B) They will not consider it.(C) They take it for granted. (D) It does not seem worth their while4.Another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is that_________.(A) there is a wide range of goos available(B) goods not in stock can be obtained whenever they are needed(C) special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customers(D) goods are always restocked before they run out5.In what way is the village shoemaker a “f ormidable figure”?(A) He seems to pay little attention to public opinion.(B) He refuses to mend cheap,mass-produced shoes.(C) He has a very rough temper.(D) He has very high standards of workmanship.14Drivers on the Basingstoke by-pass used to have their attention diverted by a sign that read—A MOMENT'S INATTENTION CAUSES ACCIDENTS. This self-defeating warning has now been removed, but its message is still very much to the point.Almost anyting can cause an accident. Apart from momentary inattention, it might be a minor miscalculation, a sudden fit of coughing, a bop on the head with a teddy-bear from a child in the back seat, an argument with the wife, fog, falling asleep at the wheel, bad eyesight, a glaring sun, ice, rain, wind, or snow—a1l these can make the difference between a tragic hit and a lucky miss.Although human error plays its part, it is by no means theonly cause of accidends. There must be some cause other than simple human error. Road construction plays its part: researchers have found that it is not at the obvious danger spot—sharp corners, cross-roads, narrow lanes—that accidents happen. It is on those roads where there are subtle visual traps, unexpected changes in the shape or surface of the .road, or even insufficient or badly-placed signs. Wherever there is a 'black spot', it means that something is seriously wrong with the road. Why else did the careless driving of so many come out at that particular spot?What the law requires when you have an accidentThere are, firstly the legal formalities of exchanging names and addresses with others involved in an accident and, in certain cases, informing the police.However, you are required by law to stop after an accident only if:l Somebody other than yourself in or outside your car has been injured.2 A vehicle not your own has been damaged.3 Any horse, cow,donkey,sheep, or dog has been injured.It has been said that if a driver continues unaware of causing injury he must be acquitted. But the courts are wary of that excuse. Furthermore, the driver himself must wait at the scene; it is not enough for him to leave his chauffeur or a friend to attend to the boring formalities while he goes off on more important business.If you have been involved in an accident and have stopped, you must give your name, address, and registration number to anyone who has a good reason for requesting it; this means anyone affected by the accident. If these formalities are complied with it is not necessary to wait for the arrival of the police. It is, however, often wise to do so. The police are expert at drawingplans, taking measurements and photographs and gathering other evidence. In your absence the police could be given a biased story against you; and you yourself migh wam to point out certain features of the accident to the police.6. A MOMENT'S INATTENTION CAUSES ACCIDENTS' (para. l) is a self defeating Warning because______.(A) it will make a driver wait at the scene(B) it will distract the driver's attention(C) it is too difficult to understand(D) it is too long to be read by drivers7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A) After an accident you have to give your name to anyone who asks for it.(B) Drivers on the Basingstoke by-pass used to ignore the sign.(C) Road construction problems can be a major cause of accidents.(D) A 'black spot' is a part of the road where there are no signs.8. 'Subtle visual traps' (para.3) are ______.(A) places where the police hide in order to trap motorists(B) parts of the road which are deceptive to the driver's eye(C) danger spots such as sharp corners and cross-roads(D) places where there are man road-signs9. As required by the law, you must stop after an accident, if ______.(A) you have been injured by somebody.(B) your car has been damaged.(C) you have injured somebody else(D) you have witnessed the accidentl 0. After an accident it is recommended that you wait for the police because _________.(A) it is against the law to drive off(B) they have to examine your licence and insurance certificate(C) they have to noto the position of your car(D) somebody may give them a false account of the accident15Just as word oil scarcity is already causing intemational conflicts, so will the scarcity of water reach a point where wars will break out. The statistics on water are already scary. Already well over l billion people suffer from water shortages and 30 countries get more than a third of their water from outside their borders—an obvious source of disputes and instability especially as the climate changes. The whole of the sub-Saharan Africa, most of South Asia and western South America are most at risk. The reason: the rapid melting of glaciers due to global warning.At the meeting of the coalition of 27 Intemaional charities last month, Gareth Thomas, minister of Intenatonal Development of the British government, wrote to prime minister Gordon Brown demanding action to ensure fresh water to 1.1 billion people with poor supplies. "If we do not act now, the reality is that water supplies may become the subject of international conflict in the years ahead. We need to invest now to prevent us having to pay that price in the future", Thomas said. The department warned that two-thirds of theword's population will live in water-stressed countries by 2025.The coalition of charities has appealed for a global effort to bring running water to the developing world and supplysanitation to a further 2.6 billion people. It said that international investment is needed now to prevent competition for water to destabilize communities and escalate into conflicts.Tackling the water and sanitation crisis is essential if the Millennium Development Goal Call to Action is to be a success. Otherwise, progress on health, education, and environment sustainability will beundermined. Each year 443 million school days are lost globally to diarrhea and 1.8 million children die from these diseases. In fact, it is often not realized tha investing in sanitation and water brillgs the greatest public health gains, more than any other single development intervention and delivers enormous economic gains.Already, some Asian countries have put tackling these issues at the forefront of theirdevelopment efforts. The Millennium Development Goals aim to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 20l5. To achieve that urgent action needs to be taken.There is no doubt that climate change is potentially the most important factor affecting water shor tage. This, compounded with a growing and increasingly urbanized global population will put pressure on food and water.For a temperature rise of 2°C, which is likely to happen by 2050, there would be a catastrophic 2 to 3 billion people suffering from water stress.11. What does the author think is primarily responsible for water shortages in the world ?(A) Climate chance. (B) Border dispute.(C) World competition. (D) Political instability12. According to Gareth Thomas, _______ is the price we have to pay for water shortage if we do not take immediate action.(A ) sanitation crisis (B) intemational conflict(C) global warming (D) over-urbanization13. What can the coalition of charities do to prevent competition for water ?(A) Appealing for international investment.(B) Bringing running water to the developing world.(C) Supplying sanitation to billions of water-stressed people.(D) Enhancing world environment sustainability13. The Millennium Development Goals aim to_______ in the near future.(A) tackle the water and sanitation crisis(B) yield economic gains as well as public health gains(C) mak progress on health, education and environment sustainability(D) provide more people with clean drinking water15. According to the passage, what will add to water shortage ?(A) Oil scarcity.(B) A drop in temperature(C) A growing population.(D) Reduced food supply16Parenting was never a piece of cake in any age, but probably the greatest source of headache for parents today in Japan is the ubiquitous cellphone. Today, 96 percent of senior high school students and 58 percent of junior high school students have cellphones. Even among primary school children, 3l percent have them.By enabling youngsters to stay connected with their parents at all times, these gadgets help to keep children safe. For the kids, they are fun toys, too, that let them text to or chat with their palswhenever they wat, play Intemet games, and enjoy blogging for their own profile and diary purposes.But terrible dangers lurk beneath all that fun and convenience.Every year about l,000 children become involved in rape and other crimes through dating service sites. Violent and obscene images are only a couple of clicks away. On gakkoura saito, or so-called unofficial school websites where kids can post whatever they want, anyone can fall victim to brutal ''verbal mob lynching" by their peers.Amid today's urgent need to address these problems, the government’s Meeting on Education Rebuilding has issued a report. In response to the Prime Minister's recent comments---“I carmot think of one good reason for (letting youngsters) have a cellphone" and "I would like everyone to discuss whether cellphones are really necessary:" ----the report recommended that "parents, guardians, schools and all parties concerned should cooperate among themselves, so that elementary school pupils and junior high school students do not have a cellphone unless there is a compelling reason for them to do so."But since many parents believe in the necessity of cellphones as a safety tool, it is unrealistic to expect everyone to do away with them. Rather, it would make more sense for guardians, schools andcellphone companies to consider, from their respective standpoints,how cellphones should be used by children.We suggest that parents sit down with their offspring and talk about their “houserules”for cellphone use. For instance, sct the hours allowed, so the kids won't be texting to their friends late into the night, remind them never to give away personalinformation online, and so on..But there are limits to what individual families can do, and this is where we also suggest that schools should educate their pupils on the dangers of cellphone use. One way to go about this, for instance, may be for each class to set its own rules on sending e-mail messages.16. The word "ubiquitous" (para. l) is closest in meaning to ________.(A) updated (B) sophisticated(C) prevalent (D) obsolete17. Many parents let their kids have cellphones because they________.(A) want their kids to keep up with the IT World(B) can't think of anything better for their kids to have fun(C) don't want their kids to miss 'what other kids have(D) believe cellphones endble them to stay connected18. Which of the following is NOT the potential risk kids may face when using cellphones?(A) Involvement in rape-related crime(B) Exposure to violent and obscene images(C) Falling victim to brutal curses.(D) Being tracked down by unofficial school websites.19. The report issued by the government’s Meeting on Ed ucation Rebuilding______.(A) recommended minimizing the use of cellphones among kids(B) suggested setting “house rules” for cellphone use(C) urged parents to remind their children about ce1lphone use(D) pressed schools to educate their pupils on the dangersof cellphone use20. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Parents neglect to protect their kids from cellphones.(B) Parenting with cellphones is a source of headache.(C) Cellphones should be banned from campus.(D) Kids need lessons on the uses of cellphones17Extract IA stylish dining room with cream walls and curtains and black carpet as perfect foil to an eclectic array of furniture. Many of the pieces areclassics of their particular era, and demonstrate how old and new designs can be happily mixed together Thc prototype chair in the foreground has yet to prove its staying power and was thought up by the flat's occupant. He is pictured in his living room which has the same decorative theme and is linked to the dining room by a high Medieval-styled archway where was once a redundant and uninspiring fireplace.Extract 2Old bathrooms often contain a great deal of ugly pipework in need of disguising. This can either be done by boxing in the exposed pipes, or by fitting wood paneling over them.As wood paneling can be secured over almost anyting---including oid ceramic tiles and chipped walls--- is an effective way of disguising pipework as well as being an attractive form of decoration. The paneling can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal.An alternative way to approach the problem of exposed pipes is to actually make them a feature of the room by picking the pipework out in bright strong colours.Extract 3Cooking takes second place in this charming room which, with its deep armchairs, is more of a sitting room than a kitohen, and th6 ntw RaybUm stove as a good choice, as it blends in well with the old brick and beamed fireplace. There are no fitted units or built-in appliances, so all food preparation is done at the big farmbouse table in the foreground; and the china, pots and pans have been deliberately left on show to make an attractive display. What about the kitchen sink?It's hidden away behind an archway which leads into a small scullery. Here there's a second cooker and--- in the best farmhouse tradition--- a huge walk-in larder for all food storage.2l. Why is the colour of the carpet described in Extract l a particular advantage?(A) It livens up the colour in an otherwise dull room.(B) It provides a contrast to the furniture.(C) It blends in with the tones of the furniture.(D) It gives the room a classical style.22. What is the purpose of the archway described in Extract1 ?(A) To hide an unattractive fireplace.(B) To give the room an exotic eastem style.(C) To join the dining room with the sitting room(D) To make room for the unusual seating arrangements.23. Extract 2 is probably taken from ________.(A) an architect's blueprint(B) a plumber’s manual(C) a home renovation magazine(D) an advertisement for new bathrooms24. Extracts 2 and 3 deal with _________.(A) old and classic furniture(B) attractive colour schemes(C) cheap improvement schemes(D) home decoration25. Compared with Extract l the room described in Extract 3 appears to _______.(A) be more comfortable(B) be more colourful(C) contain more furniture(D) posspss a greater variety of style18Large parts of the world have not enjoyed the remarkale global progress in health conditions that have taken place over the past century. Indeed, millions of deaths in impoverished nations are avoidable with prevention and treatment options that the rich world already uses. This year, l0 million children will die in low-and middle-income countries. If child death rates were the same as those in developed countries this figuer would be lower than 1 million. Conversely, if child death rates were those of rich countries just 100 years ago, the figure would be 30 million. Today's tools for improving health are so powerful and inexpensive that health conditions could be reasonably good even in poor countries if policy makers spent even relatively little in the right places.Recent research for the Copeghagen Consensus idenifies several highly cost-effective options that would tackle some of the planet's most urgent health problems. The most promising investment is in tuberculosis treatment. Some 90 percent of the l.6 million tuberculosis deaths in 2003 occurred in low-and middle-income countries. Because tuberculosis affects working-age people, it can be a trigger of household poverty .Thecomerstone of control is prompt treatment using first-line drugs, which doesn't require a sophisticated health system. Spending $l billion on tuberculosis treatment in a year would save l million lives. Because good health accompanies higher levels of national economic welfare in the long run, the economic benefits are worth $30 billion.The second most cost-effective investment is tackling hewt disease. Heart disease migh not seem like a pressing issue for poor nations, but it represents more than a quarter of their death toll. Measures to reduce risk factors other than smoking--high intake or saturated animal fat, obesity, binge drinking of alcohol, physical inactivity , and low fruit and vegetable consumption-- have had little success. Treating acute heart attacks with inexpensive drugs is, however, cost-effective. Spending $200 million could avert several hundred thousand deaths, yielding benefits that are 25 times higher than costs.The third option is prevention and treatment of malaria. A billion dollars would expand the provision of insecticide-treated bed-nets and facilitate provision of highly effective treatment. This would save more than a million child deaths and produce economic benefits worth $20 billion.The fourth altermative for policymakers is to focus on child health initiatives. The best measures are familiar ones expanding immunization coverage, promoting breasfeeding, increasing the use of simple and cheap treatments for diarrhea and childhood pneumonia, and so on.Even if the costs of all these initiatives were two or three times higher than we estimate, these efforts would still provide amazing opportunities to reduce health inequality and do good in the world.26. Over the past century, the child death rates hatve _________.(A ) climbed steadily in impoverished countries(B) dropped remarkably in developed countries(C) fluctuated wildly in low-incoine countries(D) remained stable in middle-income countries27. The most effective investment is in the treatment for ________.(A) tuberculosis(B) heart disease(C) malaria(D) diarrhea28.All of the following could be the contributing factors to heart disease EXCETP________.(A) heavy smoking(B) binge drinking(C) saturated animal fat intake(D) vegetable consumption29.According to the author, if $ l billion were invested in the prevention and treatment of heart discase, whih of the following economic benefits would be produced?(A) $20 billion.(B) $25 billion.(C) $30 billion.(D) $35 billion.30. What would be the best title for this passage ?(A) Best Options fo r Tackling World’s Killer Diseases.(B) Cost-effective Investment in Impoverished Nations.(C) Health Inequality between Developed and Developing Countries.(D) Earth’s Killer Diseases: Tuberculosis, HeartAttak and Malar ia...19For most people, boasting about oneself does not come naturally. It is not easy or comfortable to tell someone all the wonderful things you have accomplished. But that is exactly what you need to do if youare seeking a new job, or trying to hold on to the one you have. Of course, there is a fine line between self-confidence and arrogance, so to be successful in winning over the interviewer, you must learn to maximize your accomplishments and attributes without antagonizing the interviewer.The natural tendency for most job seekers is to behave modestly in a job interview. T o do the best job of selling yourself in an interview, you have to be prepared in advance. As part of your job-hunting check list, write down on a piece of paper your major job-related accomplishments. Commit them to memory. You will probably be pleasantly surprised to see all that you have done.By developing this list, you will have accomplished two things: the first is, you will impress the interviewer by being able to talk confidently and succinctly about your accomplishments. You will not have to sit uncomfortably while you think of your successes. They will be at the tip of your tongue. Secondly, rather than dwell on your own personality characteristics, such as how hardworking or creative you are, you can discuss hard facts, such as how you saved your employer money or an idea you developed that helped a customer make more money. When chronicling your accomplishments for the interviewer, take as much credit as you honestly can. If you developed a specific ideawithout help from your supervisor, it is acceptable to say that. Remember, you are at that interview to sell yourself, not your former co-workers.However, never criticize your former employer. Sharing your negative thoughts with the interviewer is an immediate turn-off and will only brand you as a complainer and gossip, whom no one likes or will hire. Keep in mind that the most important part of a job interview is making the employer like you and presenting yourself as the person he or she wants you to be. Consciously or not most employers tend to。
泛读4复习
泛读4复习1.The candidates who wish to ______from the examination must notify the secretary immediately.A.resignB. RemoveC. SuspendD.withdraw2.Gradually the balloon _____out and rose into the airA.swelledB.expandedC. Stretched D enlarged3.when you take medicine,be careful not to _____that amount printed on the bottle.A exceed B.substitute C.surpass D overcome4.The current political ______of our country is favorable for foreign investments.A.WeatherB.climateC. TemperatureD.state5.Our spokesman has ______our position on this question .A.verifiedB.certifiedC.testifiedD.clarified6.A teacher should give attention to each _____student in his class.A.personalB.privateC.ownD.individual7.The population of Hong Kong is _____Chinese.A.popularlyB.regularly/doc/9d4101981.html,monlyD.predominantly8.Children feel that their parents do not give enough ______to the problems of young people.A consent B.appeal C.affection D.recognition9.He wears a red hat to make himself _______so as to arrest the driver’s attention.A.conspicuousB.subconsciousC.ambiguousD.inconspicuous10.Anything you say will be ______and maybe used in evidence.A.taken downB.taken offC.taken atD.taken awayA helicopter is a very convenient means of transportation.It is able to_____and land vertically.A.take awayB.take offC.take upD.take down12.I cannot lend you any money because I still ______one hundred dollars on that car.A.chargeB.oweC.ownD.loan13.The income from the estate probably ______about $8,000a year.A amounted to B.amounted C.added to D.added up14.She ___________ her homework immediately after breakfast.A. set asideB. set offC. set backD. set about15. I cannot ___________ myself that she has already left.A. remindB. convinceC. confirmD. convict16. They talked about their business ___________ a cup of tea.A. withB. forC. atD. over17.The old man’s ruddy complexion gave an ___________ of good health.A. ideaB. fancyC. imaginationD. illusion18. The cold drink ___________ him after the long hours of hard work.A. reducedB. refreshedC. releasedD. recovered19.When he entered the room, he found that newspapers and magazines were __________ all over the floor. A. separated B. splashed C. spread D. scattered20. People usually judge a man by the ___________ he keeps.A. companyB. companionC. companiesD. Companionship ( Unit 1)1._________ your instruction, I would never have known how to go about the work.A. If not forB. UnlessC. ExceptD. But for2.On hearing the bad news, she began_______ so loudly that her heart seemed to have broken . A. weeping B. sobbing C. chuckling D. crying3.You must not be _____________ at feeling the difficulties.A. put outB. put awayC. put forD. put up4.Be quiet _____________ you should wake the baby.A. so thatB. in caseC. providing thatD. in order that5.People who talk and sing _________ plants are not crazy, in fact, it makes them grow better, according to Arnold Braymar, a government agriculture expert.A. toB. withC. forD. Against6. He was so _____________ on his work that he didn’t hear his wife come in.A. intentB. absorbedC. involvedD. devoted7.Miraculously, they _____________ the bombing.A. survivedB. existedC. conqueredD. overcame8.Adventurism and deceit _____________ their foreign policy in those days.A. took upB. made upC. consistedD. in order that9.He eats much but _____________ lean.A. keepsB. remainsC. holdsD. gets10.On Sundays his landlady provided dinner _____________ breakfast.A. as wellB. as well asC. alsoD. together with11.You were permitted into the hall for the film, _____________ you sat at the back.A. unlessB. providedC. thoughD. Suppose12. I know her _____________, but I have never spoken to her.A. for sightB. in sightC. on sightD. by sight13. I underwent an operation _____________ an early recovery.A. in hopes ofB. in the hopes ofC. in hope ofD. with the hope of14.I can’t help you. You _____________ this _____________ yourself.A. brought…forwardB. brought…onC. brought…aboutD. brought…up15.We watched the football match on _____________ television.A. liveB. livelyC. livinglyD. Alive16. My mother _____________ to cigar smoking.A. reactsB. respondsC. objectsD. admits17.Travelers had better get their reservations well______ if they want to fly during the Christmas holidays.A. in advanceB. in handC. in placeD. in case18.She is so _____________ that no one can please her.A. particularB. specifiedC. especialD. typical19.The Red Cross _____________ food and clothing to the victims of the flood in time.A. gave offB. gave backC. gave upD. gave out20. I can’t _____________ that noise.A. sustainB. surviveC. restrainD. tolerate (Unit 3)Unit 5）1.He is pleading with us to _____________ him.A. provideB. persistC. insistD. assist2. It can be very profitable to _____________ the waste left by the factory.A. exploreB. exploitC. exposeD. exhaust3.Internet technology will _____________ tremendous changes in all fields.A. bring aroundB. bring outC. bring aboutD. bring up4.The _____________ structure of the book is outlined in the next paragraph.A. generousB. particularC. overallD. considerable5.At present, we cannot find any _____________ evidence to accuse him guilty.A. smoothB. hardC. firmD. indefinite6.My plants always look brown. Maybe they are too_____________ to the sunshine.A. sensitiveB. sensationalC. sensibleD. sentimental7.Adolescence is a period of _____________ from child to adult.A. transmissionB. transitionC. transactionD. transplantation8.Mr. Smith just accepted a speaking__________ in another school. He will not be able to co me to the party.A. engagementB. interactionC. affectionD. communication9.The company will take half of the rest is at his _____________.A. dismissalB. disposalC. useD. usage10.I was almost about to _____________ a match before I realized the danger.A. rubB. strikeC. scrapeD. hit11.In the Navajo household, grandparents and other relatives play___ roles in raising children.A. strongB. exemplaryC. indispensableD. demanding12. The walnut is a deciduous tree that _____________ valuable nuts.A. enrichesB. yieldsC. replacesD. hides13.Embroidery _____________ scenic views became popular in the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century.A. distortingB. commemoratingC. depictingD. emphasizing14.The Ford Foundation is one of the world’s wealthiest _____________ organizations.A. profligateB. governmentC. philanthropicD. multinational15.Ocean-going vessels have often used flags to indicate their _____________.A. nationalityB. destinationC. cargoD. allowance16.Every_____of a symphony orchestra’s performance is the responsibility of the conductor.A. noteB. chordC. facetD. movement17.Although many people had long regarded the “Star-Spangled Banner” as the national ____ _____,it was not officially designated as such until 1916.A. anthemB. subjectC. sloganD. symbol18.The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as _____________ increases.A. ventilationB. pressureC. elevationD. humidity19.The victory of the match_______ the cooperation of the players, instead of individual show-off.A. consists ofB. persists inC. hinges onD. relates to20.He remains_________ about the results of the examination, and feels reluctant to accept it.A. confidentB. skepticalC. surprisedD. sensationalUnit 61.Taking the subway in Boston can be a ___________ experience. (frustrate)2.It is no _________ to say that New Hampshire’s lakes and streams are filled with big fish. (exaggerate)3.Benjamin Franklin was an _________ scientist, inventor, writer, and statesman. (inspiration)4.An___________ student may receive a scholarship to one of New England’s prestigious universities. (industry)5.The___________ for a short time about the advantages of living in Los Angels. (conversational)6.Lisa dressed ____________ for the long drive from Boston to Bangor. (comforting)7.Sandals, for example, are definitely ________________ for the rough trails. (appropriately)8.____________scientists come from all over the world to do research at the various institutes .(distinguish)9.Thanksgiving is a ___________ holiday in New England and in the rest of the United States .(traditionally)10.The brochure also __________ illustrated the different models in a diagram. (description)11.The American colonies regarded George III as a __________. (tyranny)12.The ___________ of her answer made me suspicious. (certain)13.The Pilgrims came to America after being _______ for their religious beliefs. (persecution)14.She _________ the goal of perfection in her art. (pursuit)15.The town was surrounded by __________ troops. (hostility)16.There is no way to stop the __________ of time. (fly)17.The __________ it would take to improvise a rope bridge across the chasm is enormous. (laborious)18.Everywhere was in ________ and disorder. (chaotic)19.There have been an __________ number of rainy days this year. (except)20.The doctor prescribed something to ___________ her heart. (strength)Unit 71.Since your teacher has ______ the time for a talk with you, you must make sure that you wil l be there on time.A. predictedB. madeC. specifiedD. classified2.If you have mosquito problem, remember that they reproduce in water. Be sure to ________ _ these spots in and around your home.A. occupyB. releaseC. eliminateD. investigate3.Hot metal _____________ as it grows colder.A. compressesB. reducesC. contractsD. condenses4.They _____________ the project to the board for approval.A. submittedB. permittedC. admittedD. committed5.He said he could not _____________ all the information given in the broadcast.A. adhereB. admireC. absorbD. accumulate6.I don’t know if this is true, but I’ll try to _____________ it.A. identifyB. reinforceC. verifyD. conform7.Going round to the bank was part of the _____________ of her work.A. routineB. revenueC. remedyD. relief8.Since the couple couldn’t _____________ t heir differences, they decided to get a divorce.A. resumeB. repelC. reconcileD. revise9.Jim badly _____________ his back when digging in the garden last night.A. exertedB. strainedC. pulledD. stretched10.Although the arguments were _____________, I was not convinced.A. apparentB. universalC. exceptionalD. rational11.The _____________ for tonight is rain changing to snow.A. broadcastB. forecastC. controlD. overcome12.What material do you _____________ to complete the job?A. acquireB. requireC. requestD. ask13.It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior _________ depend on one’s own taste.A. other thanB. thanC. more thanD. rather than14.We did only a(n) _____________ amount of business today.A. averageB. middleC. mediumD. moderate15.Edison failed thousands of times _______ he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp . A. after B. when C. before D. as16.He could always _____________ a reason for them to linger another month.A. come withB. come upC. come up withD. come up for17.I spent the next two years investigating the very questions _____________ by him.A. posedB. heldC. putD. set18.These evening courses will _____________ an academic degree.A. result toB. result fromC. cause toD. lead to19.He did poorly in his exams, _____________ how hard he had studied for them.A. consideringB. to considerC. thinkingD. regarding20.______ classic music, which follows formal European tradition, jazz is a spontaneous and free form. A. In contrast to B. In connection with C. In comparison with D. In regard to Unit101.My mood is only__________ ; it will go away soon .(transiency)2.I am ________to classical music . (partiality)3.I felt _________apprehensive when I got the telegram . (vague)4.Cape Cod has many___________little villages. (picture)5.Don’t be deceived by his false___________.(humble)6.His apology was small __________for our discomfort. (console)7.The comedian was dressed in a very_________costume.(show)8.He referred ___________to his great wealth. (casual)9.Brittany is a ___________ of France . (provincial)10.He isn’t a bad-tempered;he is as _______ as a lamb . (meekly)11.The dictionary ____________ two spellings for this word. (authority)12.The have never ___________their stand for human rights. (weak)13.We felt _________ of being shoved around . (resent)14.At the convent,she went to__________ twice a week. (confess)15.Any ___________ you can make on my draft will be greatly appreciated. (criticize)16.Under his father’s ___________ ,he learned how to swim. (guide)17.I place no___________ on anything he says he will do. (rely)18.The time for blind ____________is over . (obey)19.The author_____________ his heroine in a few short paragraphs. (character)。
英语泛读教程 4 unit 5 Cigarettes
Rationalizations and Replies
Rationalization: “I’m worried about gaining weight.” Reply: The stress on your heart of smoking a pack a day is equal to being 90 lbs over weight. The average person can gain 4-10 lbs after quitting, which can easily be prevented or lost with a healthy diet and exercising.
27
Trigger: Stimulation People whose trigger is stimulation think that smoking helps keep them focused and organized. Smoking can make you feel like this because nicotine is a stimulate. Replace what you get from smoking: • Drink a lot of water • Eat healthy • Get enough sleep • Exercise • Keep a to-do list
泛读3-4
as it is, he knows when to take advantage of the things that surround
him and he takes mostly decisions according to his convenience, he knows how to deal with people.
clever: 强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗
示全面妥当地考虑问题。Clever’ is ‘mentally quick and resourceful’ （尤其用于“英国英语”）
Smart can mean clever, well dressed, a sharp pain, to be quick. （尤
Reading Practice
Spend 10 minutes skimming Text 1 while bearing the quein mind. 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.A What is the structure of the text?
• Coyote range: the American jackal or the prairie wolf, is a species of canid found throughout North and Central America, ranging from Panama in the south, north through Mexico, the United States and Canada.
Information about wolf:
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Unit 1eerie ['ɪərɪ] adj. 可怕的；怪异的afoot[ə'fʊt]adj. 在进行中的；徒步的；准备中adv. 在进行中，在准备中canny['kæni]adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的lucid*'luːsɪd] adj. 明晰的；透明的；易懂的；头脑清楚的inherentɪn'hɪər(ə)nt; -'her(ə)nt]adj. 固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的vagary ['veɪg(ə)rɪ] n.奇想；奇特行为condone[kən'dəʊn] vt. 宽恕；赦免flamboyance[flæm'bɔiəns]n. 华丽；炫耀showy['ʃəʊɪ]adj. 艳丽的；炫耀的；显眼的lightheartedness 无忧无虑act up炫耀，病情复发evasion [ɪ'veɪʒ(ə)n]n. 逃避；回避；借口avid['ævɪd]adj. 渴望的，贪婪的；热心的be subject to 受支配；从属于slant[slɑːnt+n. 倾斜；观点；偏见vi. 倾斜；有倾向vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于adj. 倾斜的；有偏见的authoritarian[ɔː,θɒrɪ'teərɪən]adj. 独裁主义的；权力主义的n. 权力主义者；独裁主义者womb-to-tomb从出生到死亡的frivolous['frɪvələs]adj. 无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的penalty['penəlti]n. 罚款，罚金；处罚unit 2salient ['selɪənt]adj. 显著的；突出的；跳跃的n. 凸角；突出部分conspicuous [kən'spɪkjʊəs]adj. 显著的；显而易见的affiliation [əfɪlɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 友好关系；加入；联盟；从属关系domain[də(ʊ)'meɪn]n. 领域；域名；产业；地产activated['æktɪveɪtɪd] adj. 活性化的；活泼的v. 使激活；使活动起来；有生气（activate的过去分词）attribute[ə'trɪbjuːt+n. 属性；特质vt. 归属；把…归于antinormative['nɔːmətɪv]反常规的aberrant[ə'ber(ə)nt] adj. 异常的；畸变的；脱离常轨的；迷乱的devalue*diː'væljuː+vt. 使贬值；降低…的价值vi. 贬值depreciate[dɪ'priːʃɪeɪt; -sɪ-]vt. 使贬值；贬低；轻视vi. 贬值；轻视；贬低fragility[frə'dʒɪlɪtɪ]n. 脆弱；[力] 易碎性；虚弱fraternity [frə'tɜːnɪtɪ]友爱、互助会fallibility[,fælə'bɪləti]n. 易误；不可靠；出错性frailty['freɪltɪ] n . 虚弱；弱点；意志薄弱tangibility[,tændʒə'bɪləti]n. 可触知；有实质；确实性buffer ['bʌfə]n. [计] 缓冲区；缓冲器，[车辆] 减震器vt. 缓冲fender['fendə]n. （汽车等的）挡泥板；防卫物；（暖炉的）炉围；（船只的）碰垫forego [fɔ:,ɡəu]vt. 放弃；居先；在……之前grueling['ɡruəliŋ+ n. 惩罚；劳累adj. 累垮人的；折磨人的v. 使极度疲劳；累垮（gruel的ing形式）excruciating[ɪk'skruːʃɪeɪtiŋ+折磨人的mundane ['mʌndeɪn; mʌn'deɪn] adj.世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的banal [bə'nɑːl; -'næl]adj. 陈腐的；平庸的；老一套的be endowed with[ɪn'daʊd]赐予赋予trait [treɪt; treɪ]n. 特性，特点；品质；少许anecdotal[,ænɪk'dəʊtl] adj. 轶事的；轶事一样的；多轶事的batter['bætə]n. 击球手；（用鸡蛋、牛奶、面粉等调成的）糊状物；墙面的倾斜vt. 猛击；打坏；使向上倾斜vi. 接连猛击；向上倾斜anthem *'ænθəm]n. 赞美诗；圣歌vt. 唱圣歌庆祝；唱赞歌prowess [praʊəs]英勇；高超技艺self-effacement[ɪ'feɪsmənt]n. 谦逊，不出头dimension[dɪ'menʃ(ə)n; daɪ-]n. [数] 维；尺寸；次元；容积vt. 标出尺寸adj. 规格的rosy['rəʊzɪ] adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的refute[rɪ'fjuːt+ vt. 反驳，驳斥；驳倒mantra ['mæntrə] n.咒语arsenal['ɑrsənl] n. 兵工厂；军械库volatility [,vɑlə'tɪləti]n. [化学] 挥发性；易变；活泼equivocal[ɪ'kwɪvək(ə)l]adj. 模棱两可的；可疑的realm[relm]n. 领域，范围；王国perceptual[pə'septjʊəl]adj. 知觉的；感知的；有知觉的cohesive [kəʊ'hiːsɪv] adj. 有结合力的；紧密结合的；有粘着力的descriptor[dɪ'skrɪptə] n. 描述符号precedent ['presɪd(ə)nt]n. 先例；前例adj.在前的；在先的unit3go mucking about with ['mʌkɪŋ+摆弄、瞎搞wind up=end upportend[pɔː'tend+ vt. 预示；意味着scrap [skræp]n. 碎片；残余物；打架；少量adj. 废弃的；零碎的vt. 废弃；使解体；拆毁vi. 吵架trigger ['trɪɡə]vt. 引发，引起；触发vi. 松开扳柄n. 扳机；[电子] 触发器；制滑机jumpy['dʒʌmpɪ] adj. 神经质的；跳跃的apprehensive [æprɪ'hensɪv] adj. 忧虑的；不安的；敏悟的；知晓的fussier['fʌsɪə] fussy :adj. 爱挑剔的，难取悦的；易烦恼的fastidious [fæ'stɪdɪəs]adj. 挑剔的；苛求的，难取悦的；（微生物等）需要复杂营养地discretion[dɪ'skreʃ(ə)n]n. 自由裁量权；谨慎；判断力；判定；考虑周到bolster['bəʊlstə]n. 支持；长枕vt. 支持；支撑at one’s periltinker['tɪŋkə]n. 补锅匠；修补匠；焊锅；（美）小鲭鱼vi. 做焊锅匠；焊补；笨手笨脚地做事vt. 修补；粗修be laced with用…装饰cereal['sɪərɪəl]n. 谷类，谷物；谷类食品；谷类植物adj. 谷类的；谷类制成的sinus['saɪnəs] n. [生物] 窦；静脉窦；下陷或凹下去的地方cholesterol ['kəlestərəl] n. 胆固醇hearty ['hɑːtɪ]adj. 衷心的；丰盛的；健壮的；精神饱满的n. 朋友们；伙伴们ethylene*'eθɪl iːn] n. 乙烯splice[splaɪs]n. 接合；结婚vt. 拼接；接合；使结婚plump[plʌmp]n. 扑通声adj. 圆胖的，丰满的；鼓起的adv. 沉重地；突然地vt. 使丰满；使鼓起；突然放下vi. 变丰满；鼓起prostate['prɒsteɪt]adj. 前列腺的n. [解剖] 前列腺be prone to[prəʊn]趋于manifesto[mænɪ'festəʊ]n. 宣言；声明；告示vi.发表宣言chock-a-block充满obstinately['ɒbstɪnətli]adv. 顽固地；倔强地；难以控制地cascade down[kæs'keɪd]跌落purist['pjʊərɪst]n. 纯化论者，力求纯化的人bureaucracy [,bjʊ(ə)'rɒkrəsɪ]n. 官僚主义；官僚机构；官僚政治unit 4velocity [vɪ'lɒsɪtɪ]n. [力] 速率；迅速；周转率inertial[ɪ'nɜːʃəl]a. [力] 惯性的；不活动的eternal [ɪ'tɜːnəl]a. 永恒的；不朽的synchronize['sɪŋkrənaɪz]vt. 使……合拍；使……同步vi. 同步；同时发生dilation[daɪ'leɪʃən]n. 扩张，扩大；膨胀；详述resignation[rezɪg'neɪʃ(ə)n]n. 辞职；放弃；辞职书；顺从oscillate ['ɒsɪleɪt]vt. 使振荡；使振动；使动摇vi. 振荡；摆动；犹豫suspended[sə'spendid] adj. 悬浮的；暂停的，缓期的（宣判）stationary['steɪʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ]adj. 固定的；静止的；定居的；常备军的n.不动的人；驻军motionless ['məʊʃnləs]adj. 静止的；不运动的complimentary [kɒmplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ]adj. 赠送的；称赞的；问候的complementary [kɒmplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ]adj. 补足的，补充的implement['ɪmplɪm(ə)nt]vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n. 工具，器具；手段supplementary [,sʌplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ]adj. 补充的；追加的n. 补充者；增补物molecular [mə'lekjʊlə]adj. [化学] 分子的；由分子组成的degradation[,degrə'deɪʃ(ə)n]n. 退化；降格，降级；堕落organelle[,ɔːgə 'nel]n. 细胞器maze [meɪz]n. 迷宫；迷惑；糊涂vt. 迷失；使混乱；使困惑integrate into['ɪntɪgreɪt] 成为一体impermeable[ɪm'pɜːmɪəb(ə)l] adj. 不渗透性的；（对水等）不能渗透的membrane['membreɪn]n. 膜；薄膜；羊皮纸subsequent['sʌbsɪkw(ə)nt]adj. 后来的，随后的encode[ɪn'kəʊd] vt. [计] 编码，译码amino[ə'miːnəʊ]adj. 氨基的n. [化学] 氨基akin [ə'kɪn]adj. 类似的；同类的；同族的cytoplasm['saɪ'təʊplæzəm]细胞核endoplasmicreticulum[rɪ'tɪkjʊləm]内质网configuration[kən,fɪgə'reɪʃən]n. 配置；结构；外形prodigy['prɒdɪdʒɪ]n. 奇迹，奇事；奇才；奇观；预兆ably['eɪblɪ] adv.巧妙地；精明能干地strikingly['straɪkɪŋlɪ] adv. 显著地，突出地，惊人地；打击地rendering['rendərɪŋ+n. 翻译；表现；表演；描写；打底；（建筑物等）透视图vt. 致使；表演；打底（render的ing形式）vi. 给予补偿（rendr的ing形式）sketchy['sketʃɪ]adj. 写生风格的；写生的；概略的strike upon朝着某一方向前进prodigious[prə'dɪdʒəs] adj. 惊人的，异常的，奇妙的；巨大的caricature ['kærɪkətjʊə]n. 漫画；讽刺画；漫画手法vt. 画成漫画讽刺outcastoutcast ['aʊtkɑːst+n. 流浪的人；被驱逐的人adj. 被遗弃的；无家可归的；被逐出的poignant ['pɒɪnjənt] adj. 尖锐的；辛酸的；深刻的；切中要害的stilted ['pɒɪnjənt] adj. 尖锐的；辛酸的；深刻的；切中要害的beige[beɪʒ; beɪdʒ]n. 米黄色adj. 浅褐色的；米黄色的saltimbanque ['sæltimbæŋk]滑稽演员harlequin ['hɑ:ləkwin]n. 丑角；滑稽角色mute *mjuːt+adj. 哑的；沉默的；无声的vt. 减弱……的声音；使……柔和n. 哑巴；弱音器；闭锁音portray[pɔː'treɪ] vt. 描绘；扮演alienated['eljənetɪd]adj. 疏远的；被疏远的v. 使疏离（alienate的过去式）aura['ɔːrə] n. 光环；气氛；（中风等的）预兆；气味sensation [sen'seɪʃ(ə)n]n. 感觉；轰动；感动garish['geərɪʃ] adj. 炫耀的；过分装饰的；过分鲜艳的dissonant['dɪs(ə)nənt]adj. 不一致的；不调和的captivate['kæptɪveɪt] vt. 迷住，迷惑affectionately[ə'fekʃ(ə)nətli]adv. 深情地；充满深情地flat [flæt] n. 平地；平面；公寓adj. 平坦的；扁平的；浅的；单调的adv.平直地；断然地vi. 变平vt. 使变平entry-level初级的bias['baɪəs] n. 偏见；偏爱；斜纹；乖离率vt. 使存偏见adj. 偏斜的adv. 偏斜地jeopardize['dʒɛpɚdaɪz]vt. 危害；使陷危地；使受危困uncommitted [ʌnkə'mɪtɪd]adj. 不受约束的；（犯罪）未遂的；未被监禁的；自由的；不负义务的respectability[rɪ,spektə'bɪlɪtɪ]n. 体面；可尊敬；有社会地位malpractice[mæl'præktɪs]n. 玩忽职守；不法行为；治疗不当sth. are poles apart截然相反elaboration[ɪ,læbə'reɪʃən]n. 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述apparatus[,æpə'reɪtəs]n. 装置，设备；仪器；器官determinant [dɪ'tɜːmɪnənt]adj. 决定性的n. 决定因素；[数] 行列式omission[ə(ʊ)'mɪʃ(ə)n]n. 疏忽，遗漏；省略；冗长critique[krɪ'tiːk+n. 批评；评论文章vt. 批判；评论unit 5hyperbole[haɪ'pɜːbəlɪ]n. 夸张的语句；夸张法fickle ['fɪk(ə)l]adj. 浮躁的；易变的；变幻无常的credulous['kredjʊləs]adj. 轻信的；因轻信而产生的choosy['tʃuːzɪ] adj. 好挑剔的doctored adj. 修理的；窜改的pathetic[pə'θetɪk] adj. 可怜的，悲哀的；感伤的；乏味的concede [kən'siːd+vt. 承认；退让；给予，容许vi. 让步gullibility[,gʌlə'bɪləti]n. 轻信；易受骗consensus[kən'sensəs]n. 一致；舆论；合意put-a-sock-in-it 无声的ware [weə]n. 陶器，器皿；制品；器具；货物vt. 留心；小心unduly[ʌn'djuːlɪ]adv. 过度地；不适当地；不正当地pander['pændə]vi. 迎合；勾引；怂恿；拉皮条n. 怂恿者；拉皮条者；老鸨vt. 为…拉皮条subliminal [sə'blɪmɪn(ə)l]adj. [生理] 阈下的；潜在意识的；微小得难以察觉的n. 潜意识；阈下意识deteriorate[dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt]vi. 恶化，变坏vt. 恶化obsolete['ɒbsəliːt+adj. 废弃的；老式的n. 废词；陈腐的人vt.淘汰；废弃revenue['revənjuː+n. 税收，国家的收入；收益hoarding['hɔːdɪŋ+n. [贸易] 囤积；贮藏；临时围墙v. 贮藏（hoard的ing形式）proprietress[prə'praɪətres]女业主drape [dreɪp]vt. 用布帘覆盖；使呈褶裥状vi. 成褶皱状垂下n. 窗帘；褶裥inanimate [ɪn'ænɪmət]adj. 无生命的；无生气的gratification [ɡrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn]n. 满意；喜悦；使人满意之事imperative[ɪm'perətɪv] adj. 必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的n. 需要；命令；祈使语气；规则august [ɔː'gʌst]adj. 威严的；令人敬畏的bequeathto[bɪ'kwi:θ]将…传/遗传给pervade [pə'veɪd] vt. 遍及；弥漫aptly ['æptli] adv. 适宜地；适当地anachronism [ə'nækrə,nɪz(ə)m]n. 时代错误；不合潮流的人或物inalienable[ɪn'eɪlɪənəb(ə)l] adj.不可分割的；不可剥夺的；不能让与的negligence ['neglɪdʒ(ə)ns]n. 疏忽；忽视；粗心大意right up to直到watershed['wɔːtəʃed]n. （美）流域；分水岭；集水区；转折点adj. 标志转折点的implicit[ɪm'plɪsɪt]adj. 含蓄的；暗示的；盲从的onus ['əʊnəs] n. 责任，义务；负担censorship['sensəʃɪp]n. 审查制度；审查机构unit 6blockbuster['blɒkbʌstə]n. 轰动；巨型炸弹；一鸣惊人者debacle[de'bɑkl]n. 崩溃；灾害；解冻flop[flɒp]n.失败；砰然落下；拍击声vt. 笨拙地抛下；扑通放下；拍（翅）vi. 失败；扑拍；扑通落下；笨重地摔adv. 扑通一声；恰巧mandatemændeɪt]n. 授权；命令，指令；委托管理；受命进行的工作vt.授权；托管antithesis[æn'tiθəsɪs]对立面；相反crystallize['krɪstə'laɪz]vt. 使结晶；明确；使具体化；做成蜜饯vi. 结晶，形成结晶；明确；具体化iterate['ɪtəreɪt]vt. 迭代；重复；反复说；重做primacy ['praɪməsɪ]n. 首位；卓越；大主教的职位preeminence [pri'ɛmɪnəns]n. 卓越；杰出ingrain[ɪn'greɪn] vt. 使…根深蒂固；就…原料染色；生染n. 固有品质；原纱染色；生染的纤维adj.生染的；原纱染色的；根深蒂固的steep*stiːp+ n. 峭壁；浸渍adj. 陡峭的；不合理的；夸大的；急剧升降的vt. 泡；浸；使…充满vi. 泡；沉浸leeway *'liːweɪ]n. 余地；风压差；偏航；落后constraint [kən'streɪnt] n. [数] 约束；局促，态度不自然；强制harness ['hɑːnɪs]vt. 治理；套；驾驭；披上甲胄n. 马具；甲胄；挽具状带子；降落伞背带utilize['jutəlaɪz] vt. 利用depict[dɪ'pɪkt]vt. 描述；描画unequivocal[ʌnɪ'kwɪvək(ə)l]adj. 明确的；不含糊的pharmaceutical[,fɑːmə'suːtɪk(ə)l] adj. 制药（学）的n. 药物confidentiality[,kɒnfɪ,denʃɪ'ælɪtɪ]n. 机密，[计] 机密性statistician[stə'tɪstɪʃən]统计学家efficacy['efɪkəsɪ] n. 功效，效力precision [prɪ'sɪʒ(ə)n]n. 精度，[数] 精密度；精确adj. 精密的，精确的circuit ['sɜːkɪt]n. [电子] 电路，回路；巡回；一圈；环道vi.环行vt. 绕回…环行parameter [pə'ræmɪtə]n. 参数；系数；参量debrief *diː'briːf+ v t. 盘问；听取报告incrementally[,ɪnkrɪ'mentəli]adv. 增加地，增值地radically ['rædɪkəlɪ] adv. 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式outset ['aʊtset] n. 开始；开端perceive[pə'siːv+vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知vi. 感到，感知；认识到mortgage['mɔːgɪdʒ]vt. 抵押n. 抵押underpin [ʌndə'pɪn] vt. 巩固；支持；从下面支撑；加强…的基础dismiss[dɪs'mɪs]vi. 解散vt. 解散；解雇；开除；让...离开unit 7be consigned to[kən'saɪn]委托/托付delirious[dɪ'lɪrɪəs] adj. 发狂的；神志昏迷的；精神错乱的ascribe to归因于sinister['sɪnɪstə] adj. 阴险的；凶兆的；灾难性的；左边的demise [dɪ'maɪz]n. 死亡，终止；转让；传位vt. 遗赠；禅让epidemic [epɪ'demɪk]adj. 流行的；传染性的n. 传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行emergent[ɪ'mɜːdʒ(ə)nt] adj. 紧急的；浮现的；意外的；自然发生的eliminate [ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt] vt. 消除；排除besiege [bɪ'siːdʒ]vt. 围困；包围；烦扰assail [ə'seɪl]vt. 攻击；质问；着手解决by trail and error反复试验resemble vt. 类似handicap ['hændɪkæp]n. 障碍；不利条件，不利的因素vt. 妨碍，阻碍；使不利identical twins同卵双胞胎well-to-do小康的，富裕的reproduce *riːprə'djuːs+vt. 复制；再生；生殖；使…在脑海中重现vi. 复制；繁殖contrive[kən'traɪv]vt. 设计；发明；图谋vi. 谋划；设法做到uniform rate相同的速率progressively [prə'ɡrɛsɪvli]adv. 渐进地；日益增多地fatigue[fə'tiːg+ adj. 疲劳的n. 疲劳，疲乏；杂役vt. 使疲劳；使心智衰弱vi. 疲劳unit 8conciliate [kən'sɪlɪeɪt] vt. 安抚，安慰；调和；驯服；怀柔；赢得soothe *suːð+vt. 安慰；使平静；缓和vi. 起抚慰作用perusal [pə'ruːz(ə)l] n. 熟读；精读brood*bruːd+t. 孵；沉思n.一窝；一伙importunately [ɪm'pɔːtjʊnətli]adv. 急切地；缠扰不休地resort to采用dupe*djuːp+ n. 上当者；易受骗的人vt. 欺骗；愚弄（等于duplicate）have done with sb.与…无关condescending [kɒndɪ'sendɪŋ+adj. 谦逊的；故意屈尊的；有优越感的v.屈尊（condescend的ing形式）repulse [rɪ'pʌls]vt. 拒绝；驱逐；憎恶n. 拒绝；击退encumber[ɪn'kʌmbə; en-]vt. 阻塞；妨害；拖累impart [ɪm'pɑːt+ vt. 给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露asperity [ə'sperɪtɪ]n. （表面的）粗糙；（气候等的）严酷；艰苦的条件；（性格）粗暴assault[ə'sɔːlt; ə'sɒlt] n. 攻击；袭击vt. 攻击；袭击vi. 袭击；动武assay [ə'seɪ; 'æseɪ]n. 化验；试验vt. 分析；化验；尝试vi. 鉴定；经检验证明内含成分searingly ['sɪərɪŋli+ adv. 灼热地humane [hjʊ'meɪn]adj. 仁慈的，人道的；高尚的suffice[sə'faɪs] vt. 使满足；足够…用；合格vi. 足够；有能力blandly [blændli]adv. 乏味地；温和地；冷漠地fatuous['fætjʊəs] adj. 愚笨的；昏庸的；发呆的；自满的providence['prɒvɪd(ə)ns]n. 天意；深谋远relish['relɪʃ] n. 滋味；风味；食欲；开胃小菜；含义vt. 品味；喜爱；给…加佐料vi. 有特定意味；味道可口retort [rɪ'tɔːt+n. 反驳，顶嘴；曲颈瓶vt. 反驳，反击vi. 反驳，回嘴vexation [vek'seɪʃ(ə)n]n. 苦恼；恼怒；令人烦恼的事embitter [ɪm'bɪtə] vt. 使激怒/怨恨incivility[,ɪnsə'vɪlətɪ] n. 粗鲁mutilation *,mjuːt(ɪ)'leɪʃn]n. 毁损；残缺；切断malefactor ['mælɪ,fæktə]n. 作恶者；罪犯；坏人cord[kɔːd+ n. 绳索；束缚vt. 用绳子捆绑bind [baɪnd]vi. 结合；装订；有约束力；过紧vt. 绑；约束；装订；包扎；凝固n. 捆绑；困境；讨厌的事情；植物的藤蔓pincer['pɪnsə]n. 钳子solicitous [sə'lɪsɪtəs]adj. 热切期望的；热心的；挂念的morbid ['mɔːbɪd] adj. 病态的；由病引起的；恐怖的；病变部位的insinuate[ɪn'sɪnjʊeɪt]vt. 暗示；使逐渐而巧妙地取得；使迂回地潜入vi. 暗讽；说含沙射影的话drunkard ['drʌŋkəd] n. 酒鬼，醉汉efface [ɪ'feɪs]vt. 抹去，抹掉；使自己不受人注意conceal[kən'siːl+ vt. 隐藏；隐瞒memoranda [,mɛmə'rændə]n. 备忘录（memorandum的复数）shorthand ['ʃɔːthænd+n. 速记；速记法adj.速记法的indefatigable[,ɪndɪ'fætɪgəb(ə)l] adj. 不知疲倦的；不屈不挠的；有耐性的assiduity [,æsɪ'djʊ:əti] n. 刻苦，勤勉contemplate ['kɒntempleɪt; -təm-]vt. 沉思；注视；思忖；预期vi. 冥思苦想；深思熟虑inaccessible [ɪnək'sesɪb(ə)l]adj. 难达到的；难接近的；难见到的amiss [ə'mɪs] adv. 错误地adj. 有毛病的，有缺陷的；出差错的freed sth. from摆脱imperfection [ɪmpə'fekʃ(ə)n]n. 不完美；瑕疵；缺点vigor ['vɪgɚ] n. [生物] 活力，精力scholastic [skə'læstɪk]n. 学者；学生；墨守成规者；经院哲学家adj. 学校的；学者的；学术的（等于scholastical）predecessor*'priːdɪsesə]n. 前任，前辈capricious[kə'prɪʃəs]adj. 反复无常的；任性的inert [ɪ'nɜːt+ adj. [化学] 惰性的；呆滞的；迟缓的；无效的dilatory ['dɪlət(ə)rɪ]adj. 拖拉的；缓慢的，不慌不忙的condense [kən'dens]vi. 浓缩；凝结vt. 使浓缩；使压缩sentiment ['sentɪm(ə)nt] n. 感情，情绪；情操；观点；多愁善感unit 9cataclysmic [kætə'klɪzmɪk]adj. 大变动的；洪水的precursor [prɪ'kɜːsə] n. 先驱，前导forerunner先驱者，预兆consortium [kən'sɔːtɪəm]n. 财团；联合；合伙parlance ['pɑːl(ə)ns]n. 说法；用语；语调；发言jargon ['dʒɑːg(ə)n]n. 行话，术语；黄锆石subversive [səb'vɜːsɪv]adj. 破坏性的；从事颠覆的n. 危险分子；颠覆分子undermine [ʌndə'maɪn]vt. 破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基retrace[rɪ'treɪs] vt. 追溯；折回；重描erect [ɪ'rekt]vt. 使竖立；建造；安装adj. 竖立的；笔直的；因性刺激而勃起的vi.直立；勃起hanger*'hæŋə]n. 衣架；挂钩；绞刑执行者preside [prɪ'zaɪd]vi. 主持，担任会议主席vt. 管理fan out成扇形散开scavenge ['skævɪn(d)ʒ]vt. 打扫；排除废气；以…为食vi. 清除污物；打扫hodgepodge ['hɒdʒpɒdʒ]n. 大杂烩；混煮；一团糟vt.使混乱synthesize ['sɪnθəsaɪz]vt. 合成；综合vi. 合成；综合intriguing ['ɪntriːgɪŋ; ɪn'triːgɪŋ+adj. 有趣的；迷人的v. 引起…的兴趣；策划阴谋；私通（intrigue的ing形式）subjugate ['sʌbdʒʊgeɪt]vt. 征服；使服从；克制aboriginal [æbə'rɪdʒɪn(ə)l]adj. 土著的；原始的n. 土著居民；土生生物vassal['væs(ə)l]n. 诸侯；封臣adj.臣属的crumble['krʌmb(ə)l]vi. 崩溃；破碎，粉碎vt. 崩溃；弄碎，粉碎n. 面包屑watchtower ['wɒtʃtaʊə] n. 了望塔lookout point瞭望哨fortification[,fɔːtɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. [军] 设防；[军] 防御工事；加强；配方fortify['fɔːtɪfaɪ]vt. 加强；增强；（酒）的酒精含量；设防于vi. 筑防御工事correlate ['kɒrəleɪt; -rɪ-] n. 相关物；相关联的人adj. 关联的vi.关联vt.使有相互关系；互相有关系nomadic [nəʊ'mædɪk]adj. 游牧的；流浪的；游动的pastoralist ['pɑːstərəlist]田园诗人perennial [pə'renɪəl] n. 多年生植物adj. 多年生的；常年的；四季不断的；常在的；反复的shaft [ʃɑːft+n.拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物laterally ['lætərəl] adv. 旁边地entryway入口通道excavate['ekskəveɪt] vt. 挖掘；开凿vi. 发掘；细查chamber['tʃeɪmbə]n. （身体或器官内的）室，膛；房间；会所adj.室内的；私人的，秘密的vt. 把…关在室内；装填（弹药等）domed[dəʊmd]adj. 半球形的；有穹顶的intermingle [ɪntə'mɪŋg(ə)l]vt. 使混合；使搀和vi. 混合；掺杂jaw[dʒɔː+n. 颌；下巴；狭窄入口；唠叨vi. 教训；唠叨vt. 教训；对…唠叨totality [tə(ʊ)'tælɪtɪ]n. [天] 全食；全体；总数historiography [hɪ, stɒrɪ'ɒgrəfi]编史intermediary [,ɪntə'miːdɪəri]adj. 中间的；媒介的near-contemporary近现代secular['sekjʊlə]adj. 世俗的；长期的；现世的；不朽的n.牧师disintegration[dɪs,ɪntɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n]n. 瓦解，崩溃；分解annals ['æn(ə)lz]n. 年报；编年史；年鉴elaboration [ɪ,læbə'reɪʃən]n. 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述archaeology [,ɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 考古学anthropology*,ænθrə'pɒlədʒɪ]n. 人类学breadth[bredθ] n. 宽度，幅度；宽宏unit 10rampage [ræm'peɪdʒ] n. 暴怒；暴跳；乱闹vi. 狂暴；乱闹；发怒bizarre [bɪ'zɑː+adj. 奇异的（指态度，容貌，款式等）torrential [tə'renʃ(ə)l]adj. 猛烈的，汹涌的；奔流的tally up['tælɪ]结算，总结coarse [kɔːs+adj. 粗糙的；粗俗的；下等的drench [dren(t)ʃ] n. 滂沱大雨；浸液vt. 使湿透；给（牲畜）灌药extrapolate [ɪk'stræpəleɪt; ek-]vt. 外推；推断vi. 外推；进行推断supercell超级单体暴风veer [vɪə] n. 转向；方向的转变vi. 转向；改变观点；风向顺时针转；调转船尾向上风vt. 使转向；使顺风；使船尾向上风updraught上曳气流downdraught向下气流turbulent ['tɜːbjʊl(ə)nt] adj. 骚乱的，混乱的；狂暴的；吵闹的rotate [rə(ʊ)'teɪt]vi. 旋转；循环vt. 使旋转；使转动；使轮流adj. [植] 辐状的mesocyclone [mesəʊ'saikləʊn]中气旋chimney ['tʃɪmnɪ] n. 烟囱draw up停下，折叠getaway ['getəweɪ]n. 起步；逃走adj.逃跑用的detour *'diːtʊə]vt. 使…绕道而行vi. 绕道；迂回n. 绕道；便道upwind逆风mould into [məʊld]使成型anvil['ænvɪl]n. 铁砧；[解剖] 砧骨meteorological *,miːtɪərə'lɒdʒɪkəl]adj. 气象的；气象学的figure skater花样滑冰运动员funnel ['fʌn(ə)l] n. 漏斗；烟囱vt. 通过漏斗或烟囱等；使成漏斗形vi. 通过漏斗等；成漏斗形stormchaser ['tʌtʃdaʊn]n. 着陆，降落；触地；触地得分touchdownterra firma [,terə'fə:mə] 陆地boon *buːn+ n. 恩惠；福利；利益adj. 愉快的；慷慨的scenario [sɪ'nɑːrɪəʊ]n. 方案；情节；剧本optimum ['ɒptɪməm] adj. 最适宜的n. 最佳效果；最适宜条件huddle ['hʌd(ə)l]vt. 把...挤在一起；使缩成一团；草率了事vi. 蜷缩；挤作一团n. 拥挤；混乱；杂乱一团hovel ['hɒv(ə)l] n. 小屋；栅舍；茅舍vt. 使…住在茅屋；把…拴入棚舍tuberculosis [tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊsɪs]n. 肺结核；结核病paddle ['pæd(ə)l] n. 划桨；明轮翼vt. 拌；搅；用桨划vi. 划桨；戏水；涉水nutrient *'njuːtrɪənt]n. 营养物；滋养物adj. 营养的；滋养的buoy[bɒɪ]n. [水运] 浮标；浮筒；救生圈；航标vt. 使浮起；支撑；鼓励unit 11waifs and strays流浪儿chattel ['tʃæt(ə)l]n. 动产；奴隶（常用复数）vagabond['vægəbɒnd]adj. 流浪的；流浪者的；浪荡的；漂泊的n.流浪者；浪子；流氓；懒汉vi. 到处流浪exuberant [ɪg'z(j)uːbərənt]adj. 繁茂的；生气勃勃的，充溢的make allowance for为…留余地；顾及shove [ʃʌv]vt. 挤；强使；撞；猛推n. 推；挤construe[kən'struː+vi. 作文法性的分析vt. 分析；解释；翻译stem from起源于affiliate [ə'fɪlɪeɪt]n. 联号；隶属的机构等vt. 使附属；接纳；使紧密联系vi. 参加，加入；发生联系antitrust [æntɪ'trʌst]adj. [经] 反垄断的；[经] 反托拉斯的adverse ['ædvɜːs+adj. 不利的；相反的；敌对的（名词adverseness，副词adversely）connotation [kɒnə'teɪʃ(ə)n]n. 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西（词、语等）directory[dɪ'rekt(ə)rɪ; daɪ-]n. [计] 目录；工商名录；姓名地址录adj. 指导的；咨询的memorable ['mem(ə)rəb(ə)l]adj. 显著的，难忘的；值得纪念的vulgar ['vʌlgə]adj. 粗俗的；通俗的；本土的n. 平民，百姓objectionable [əb'dʒekʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l]adj.讨厌的；会引起反对的；有异议的plague for造成麻烦exert [ɪg'zɜːt; eg-]vt. 运用，发挥；施以影响vogue [vəʊg] n. 时尚；流行，时髦adj. 时髦的，流行的sentimentally [sentɪ'ment(ə)li]adjv. 感伤地；感情脆弱地run counter to与…相反unit 12intangible [ɪn'tæn(d)ʒɪb(ə)l] adj. 无形的，触摸不到的；难以理解的imperceptible [ɪmpə'septɪb(ə)l]adj. 感觉不到的；极细微的amass [ə'mæs] vt. 积聚，积累tarnish ['tɑːnɪʃ]n. 晦暗，无光泽；污点vt. 玷污；使……失去光泽；使……变灰暗vi. 失去光泽；被玷污；变灰暗compulsion [kəm'pʌlʃ(ə)n]n. 强制；强迫；强制力therapeutic *,θerə'pjuːtɪk]adj. 治疗的；治疗学的；有益于健康的n.治疗剂；治疗学家psychosomatic [,saɪkəʊsə'mætik] adj. 受心理影响的subtlety ['sʌt(ə)ltɪ]n. 微妙；敏锐；精明intricacy ['ɪntrɪkəsɪ]n. 错综，复杂；难以理解gripe[graɪp]n. 控制；发牢骚；肠绞痛vt. 绞痛；握紧；惹恼vi. 抱怨，发牢骚；肠绞痛exemplary[ɪg'zemplərɪ; eg-]adj. 典范的；惩戒性的；可仿效的virtuosity [,vɜːtʃʊ'ɒsɪtɪ]n. 精湛技巧；对艺术品的爱好；艺术爱好者work off抵消buffet ['bʊfeɪ; 'bʌfeɪ]n. 自助餐；小卖部；打击；猛烈冲击vt. 与…搏斗；连续猛击vi. 斗争；奋勇前进adj. 自助的；自助餐的cryptic['krɪptɪk] adj. 神秘的，含义模糊的；[动] 隐藏的evergrowing日益增长的potent ['pəʊt(ə)nt] adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的job rating生产定额competence ['kɒmpɪt(ə)ns]n. 能力，胜任；权限；作证能力；足以过舒适生活的收入clich[klintʃ] n. 解决（争端）interrelate [ɪntərɪ'leɪt]v. 相互关连vt. （使）相互关连irksome['ɜːks(ə)m] adj. 令人厌烦的，讨厌的；令人厌恶的idleness ['aɪdlnəs]n. 懒惰；闲散；失业tedium *'tiːdɪəm]n. 沉闷；单调乏味；厌烦idle rich饱食终日无所用心的有钱人drudgery ['drʌdʒərɪ] n. 苦工，苦差事sensation[sen'seɪʃ(ə)n]n. 感觉；轰动；感动innumerable [ɪ'njuːm(ə)rəb(ə)l]adj. 无数的，数不清的stonemason['stəʊnmeisn]石匠bank teller银行支票员receptionist接待员despairingly绝望地，自暴自弃地enunciate [ɪ'nʌnsɪeɪt]vt. 发音；阐明；宣布vi. 阐明；清晰地发音automated ['ɔtometɪd]adj. 自动化的；机械化的v. 自动化（automate的过去分词）；自动操作sacrilegious [,sækrə'lɪdʒəs]adj. 亵渎圣罪的；该受天谴的earn one’s breadeviction [ɪ'vɪkʃ(ə)n]n. 逐出；赶出；收回scriptural ['skrɪptʃərəl]圣经的precept *'priːsept+n. 规则；格言；训诫；命令grievance *'griːv(ə)ns]n. 不满，不平；委屈；冤情hitherto [hɪðə'tuː; 'hɪðətuː+adv. 迄今；至今devout [dɪ'vaʊt] adj. 虔诚的；衷心的precinct *'priːsɪŋ(k)t+n. 选区；管理区；管辖区communique [kə,mjʊnə'ke]n. 公报，官报assembly line流水线absenteeism [æbs(ə)n'tiːɪz(ə)m]n. 旷工；旷课；有计划的怠工；经常无故缺席pinch [pɪn(t)ʃ] n. 匮乏；少量；夹痛vt. 捏；勒索；使苦恼；掐掉某物，修剪vi. 夹痛；节省expressway [ɪk'spresweɪ; ek-]n. （美）高速公路unit 13pragmatic [præg'mætɪk]adj. 实际的；实用主义的；国事的utilitarian [jʊ,tɪlɪ'teərɪən] n. 功利主义adj. 功利的；功利主义的；实利的empirical [em'pɪrɪk(ə)l; ɪm-]adj. 经验主义的，完全根据经验的a prior演绎的dictate [dɪk'teɪt] n. 命令；指示vt. 命令；口述；使听写vi. 口述；听写tentatively ['tentətɪvli]adv. 试验性的，暂定的；踌躇的deposition[,depə'zɪʃ(ə)n; diː-]n. 沉积物；矿床；革职discretion [dɪ'skreʃ(ə)n]n. 自由裁量权；谨慎；判断力；判定；考虑周到temperament ['temp(ə)rəmənt]性情expediency [ɪk'spiːdɪənsɪ; ek-]n. 方便，权宜；私利repugnant[rɪ'pʌgnənt]adj. 讨厌的；矛盾的；敌对的loathsome ['ləʊðs(ə)m]adj. 令人憎恶的；令人呕吐的omniscient[ɒm'nisiənt]adj. 全知的，无所不知的nominal ['nɒmɪn(ə)l]adj. 名义上的；有名无实的；[会计]票面上的n. [语] 名词性词titular ['tɪtjʊlə]adj. 有名无实的；有头衔的；标题的n. 有称号或头衔的人；只有名义的人cumulative *'kjuːmjʊlətɪv] adj. 累积的quiescence [kwaɪ'ɛsns] n. 静止；沉默qualification[,kwɒlɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 资格；条件；限制；赋予资格psychiatric[,saɪkɪ'ætrɪk]adj. 精神病学的；精神病治疗的stackstæk] n. 堆；堆叠vt. 使堆叠；把…堆积起来vi. 堆积，堆叠perception[pə'sepʃ(ə)n] n. 知觉；[生理] 感觉；看法；洞察力；获取subgroup['sʌbgruːp+n. 小群；隶属的小组织vt. 给…加副标题arthritis[ɑː'θraɪtɪs] n. [外科] 关节炎asthma ['æsmə]n. [内科][中医] 哮喘，气喘marital ['mærɪt(ə)l]adj. 婚姻的；夫妇间的perceive as视…为…deleterious [,delɪ'tɪərɪəs]adj. 有毒的，有害的predisposition *priːdɪspə'zɪʃn]n. 倾向；素质；易染病体质metaphysics [metə'fɪzɪks]n. 玄学，形而上学duration [djʊ'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 持续misgivings n. 疑虑，担忧sustenance ['sʌst(ə)nəns; -tɪn-]n. 食物；生计；支持unbounded [ʌn'baʊndɪd]adj. 无限的；不受控制的diligently ['dɪlədʒəntli]adv. 勤奋地；勤勉地deathless不灭的omnipotence全能blissful ['blɪsfʊl; -f(ə)l] adj.充满喜悦的gratify ['grætɪfaɪ]vt. 使满足；使满意，使高兴waft [wɒft; wɑːft+vt. 使飘荡；吹送n. 飘荡；吹拂vi.飘荡freight [freɪt]vt. 运送；装货；使充满n. 货运；运费；船货flit[flɪt]vi. 掠过；轻快地飞；移居n. 轻快的飞行；搬家garish['geərɪʃ]adj. 炫耀的；过分装饰的；过分鲜艳的amidst [ə'mɪdst] prep. 在…当中throbbing temple搏动的太阳穴maternal [mə'tɜːn(ə)l] adj. 母亲的；母性的；母系的；母体遗传的frolic[frɒlik]嬉戏unit 14sluggard['slʌgəd]n. 游手好闲的人；懒鬼；偷懒者contentious [kən'tenʃəs] adj. 诉讼的；有异议的，引起争论的；爱争论的zenith ['zenɪθ+ n. 顶峰；顶点；最高点amputation [,æmpjʊ'teɪʃən]n. 截肢；切断（术）metamorphose [,metə'mɔːfəʊz]vt. 变质；变形；使变成ministry ['mɪnɪstrɪ] n. （政府的）部门solicitə'lɪsɪt] vt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求vi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求inscribe [ɪn'skraɪb]vt. 题写；题献；铭记；雕wrest [rest] n. 扭，拧vt. 用力拧；强夺；歪曲incursion [ɪn'kɜːʃ(ə)n] n. 入侵；侵犯emendator校正efflux[eflʌks]流出物effluence['efluəns]流出物oracle ['ɒrək(ə)l]n. 神谕；预言；神谕处；圣人prophet ['prɒfɪt]n. 先知；预言者；提倡者countervail vt. 补偿recede [rɪ'siːd+ vi.后退；减弱vt. 归还wither ['wɪðə]vt. 使凋谢；使畏缩；使衰弱vi. 枯萎；凋谢；衰弱proverbial[prə'vɜːbɪəl]adj. 谚语的；众所周知的；谚语式的sincerity [sɪn'serətɪ] n. 真实，诚挚clergy['klɜːdʒɪ]n. 神职人员；牧师；僧侣laity['leɪɪtɪ] n. 俗人；外行人；门外汉illuminate [ɪ'l(j)uːmɪneɪt] vi. 照亮vt. 阐明，说明；照亮；使灿烂；用灯装饰missal弥撒书hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] n. 遗传类adj. 遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的rectitude ['rektɪtjuːd+n. 公正；诚实；清廉prerogative [prɪ'rɒgətɪv] n. 特权adj. 有特权的resent [rɪ'zent] vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶slipperiness ['slɪp(ə)rɪnɪs] n. 滑溜crookedness歪曲indelible [ɪn'delɪb(ə)l]adj. 难忘的；擦不掉的withheld ['wɪð'held] v. 保留；扣留；抑制（withhold的过去式）avenger[ə'vɛndʒɚ]n. 复仇者nobler ['nəublə] adj. 高贵的；华丽的truce*truːs+ n. 停战；休战；休战协定vt. 以休战结束；停止争执vi. 停战prey [preɪ] vi. 捕食；掠夺；折磨n. 捕食；牺牲者；被捕食的动物veracity[və'ræsɪtɪ]n. 诚实；精确性；老实；说真实话blunt [blʌnt] vt. 使迟钝adj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的veridicus诚实的monitory ['mɒnɪt(ə)rɪ]adj.训戒的n.告诫书unmask[ʌn'mɑːsk+ vi. 脱去假面具vt. 撕下……的假面具；揭露cant [kænt]n. 斜面；伪善之言；黑话；角落vi. 倾斜；讲黑话vt. 把…棱角去掉；使…倾斜；甩掉adj. 行话的；哀诉声的；假仁假义的vulgar ['vʌlgə] n. 平民，百姓adj. 粗俗的；通俗的；本土的shuffling ['ʃʌflɪŋ+adj. 支吾的，曳步的；慢慢移动v. 拖着脚走；搪塞（shuffle的ing形式）equivocation [ɪ'kwɪvə'keʃən]n. 含糊话；模棱两可的话paltersuffrage['sʌfrɪdʒ] n. 选举权；投票；参政权；代祷；赞成票parole[pə'rəʊl] n. 语言；誓言，诺言；释放宣言vt. 有条件释放，假释；使假释出狱；宣誓后释放understate [ʌndə'steɪt]vt. 少说，少报；保守地说；有意轻描淡写vi. 保守地说；有意轻描淡写superlative最高级别kernel ['kɜːn(ə)ln. 核心，要点；[计] 内核；仁；麦粒，谷粒；精髓toil[tɒɪl]n. 辛苦；苦工；网；圈套vi. 辛苦工作；艰难地行进vt. 费力地做；使…过度劳累bestow [bɪ'stəʊ]vt. 使用；授予；放置；留宿reside in存在于divine[dɪ'vaɪn] adj. 神圣的；非凡的；天赐的；极好的vt. 占卜；预言；用占卜勘探vi. 占卜；预言；使用占卜勘探矿 n. 牧师；神学家proportionate 成比例的 muse *mjuːz+ n. 沉思；冥想 vt. 沉思；沉思地说 vi. 沉思；凝望childlike adj. 天真烂漫的；孩子似的 transcendent [træn'send(ə)nt; tr ɑːn -] n. 卓越的人；超绝物adj. 卓越的；超常的；出类拔萃的 invalid ['ɪnv əl ɪd]adj. 无效的；有病的；残废的 n. 病人；残废者 vt. 使伤残；使退役vi. 变得病弱；因病而奉命退役 brute *bruːt+ adj. 残忍的；无理性的 n. 畜生；残暴的人arithmetic [ə'r ɪθmət ɪk] n. 算术，算法 disconcert [,d ɪsk ən's ɜːt+vt. 使仓皇失措；使困惑；破坏 conform to 与…一致prattle ['præt(ə)l] n. 无聊话；咿咿呀呀声vi. 闲聊；胡说；小孩般说话vt. 天真地说puberty *'pjuːbət ɪ] n. 青春期；开花期 manhood ['mænh ʊd]n. 成年；男子；男子气概 piquancy ['pik ənsi] n. 辛辣；尖刻；痛快（等于piquance ） enviable ['env ɪəb(ə)l]adj. 值得羡慕的；引起忌妒的 gracious ['gre ɪʃəs] adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的int. 天哪；哎呀 emphatic [ɪm'fæt ɪk; em-] adj. 着重的；加强语气的；显著的 bashful ['bæʃf ʊl; -f(ə)l] adj. 害羞的，腼腆的 nonchalance['n ɒn ʃ(ə)l(ə)ns; 'n ɒn ʃəl(ə)ns]n.冷淡；漠不关心；冷静 aught [ɔːt+ n. 任何事物（等于anything ）；无物 adv. 在任何程度上 disdain [d ɪs'de ɪn; -z-] n. 蔑视vt. 鄙弃 parlour['p ɑːlə] n.客厅；会客室；雅座 playhouse ['ple ɪha ʊs] n. 剧场；玩具房屋；儿童游戏室 eloquent ['el əkw ənt] adj. 意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的cumber ['k ʌmb ə]vt. 阻碍，妨害；使受苦n. 拖累，累赘；妨害 verdict ['v ɜːdɪkt] n. 结论；裁定 court [k ɔːt+n. 法院；球场；朝廷；奉承 vt. 招致（失败、危险等）；向…献殷勤；设法获得vi. 求爱 clap into jail 关进监狱 eclat[ei'kla:]n. 大成功；喝采；辉煌的成就 unbiased [ʌn'ba ɪəst] adj. 公正的；无偏见的 unbribable 不可收买的 inaudible [ɪn'ɔːdɪb(ə)l]adj. 听不见的；不可闻的 conspiracy [k ən'sp ɪr əs ɪ] n. 阴谋；共谋；阴谋集团 joint-stock 合资的conformity [k ən'f ɔːmɪt ɪ]n. 一致，适合；符合；相似 aversion [ə'v ɜːʃ(ə)n]n. 厌恶；讨厌的人 glamour ['ɡlæm ə] vt. 迷惑，迷住 n. 魅力，魔力；迷人的美 notoriety [n əʊt ə'ra ɪɪt ɪ] n. 恶名；声名狼藉；丑名 crank *kræŋk+ n. 曲柄；奇想 adj. 易怒的vt. 装曲柄 decent *'diːs(ə)nt]adj. 正派的；得体的；相当好的 solid ['s ɒl ɪd] adj. 固体的；可靠的；立体的；结实的；一致的n.固体；立方体 satirize ['sæt ɪra ɪz]vt. 讽刺；挖苦vi. 写讽刺作品 con[k ɒn] n. 反对票；反对论 vt. 精读；默记 adv. 反面地adj. 欺诈的prep. 以… permutation [p ɜːmjʊ'te ɪʃ(ə)n] n. [数] 排列；[数] 置换 meager ['mig ɚ] adj. 贫乏的；瘦的 boardinghouse 公寓 make do 凑合着用eccentric[ɪk'sentr ɪk; ek-] adj. 古怪的，反常的 n. 古怪的人 satire ['sæta ɪə]n. 讽刺；讽刺文学，讽刺作品 frugal *'fruːg(ə)l]adj. 节俭的；朴素的；花钱少的 undistinguished [ʌnd ɪ'st ɪŋgwɪʃt]adj.平凡的；混杂的；听不清的；看不清的 ordain [ɔː'deɪn]vt. 任命某人为牧师；授某人以圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；注定 vi. 颁布命令 validity[v ə'l ɪd ɪt ɪ]n. [计] 有效性；正确；正确性 sober ['s əʊb ə]adj. 冷静的，清醒的；未醉的 vt. 使严肃；使醒酒，使清醒 flock [fl ɒk]n. 群；棉束（等于floc ） vt. 用棉束填满 vi. 聚集；成群而行 embark on 着手做事 cogent ['k əʊd ʒ(ə)nt]adj. 强有力的；使人信服的volubility [,v ɔlju'biliti] n. 流利；健谈 unit 15unkempt [ʌn'kem(p)t] adj. 蓬乱的，不整洁的；（言语等）粗野的 weary ['w ɪər ɪ]adj. 疲倦的；厌烦的；令人厌烦的 vi. 疲倦；厌烦vt. 使疲倦；使厌烦 hay [he ɪ] n. 干草vt. 把晒干vi. 割草晒干 sedately [s ɪ'de ɪtli] adv.安静地；沉着地 clamorously ['klæm ər əsli] adv. 吵闹地；大声要地asperitybitterness [b ɪt ən əs] n. 苦味；苦难；怨恨 whine [wa ɪn] n. 抱怨；牢骚；哀鸣 vi. 发牢骚；哭诉；嘎嘎响；发呜呜声vt. 哀诉 embroidered [im'br ɔid əd] adj. 绣花的；刺绣的 v. 刺绣；润色；渲染（embroider 的过去分词）husky ['h ʌsk ɪ] adj. 声音沙哑的；有壳的；强壮的 n. 强壮结实之人；爱斯基摩人 feeble *'fiːb(ə)l] adj. 微弱的，无力的；。