简单句的6种类型和句子成分的分析

英语三大基本句型
句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。

一、简单句
简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。

We all learn English. (一个主语和一个谓语）
My father and mother go to work at 7:00 in the morning.（一个并列主语和一个谓语）
He once lived and worked there. (一个主语和一个并列谓语)
1.主语+谓语
这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：
Things change.事物是变化的。

Nobody went.没有人去。

--Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？
--NO，we flew.不，我们是飞去。

2.主语+连系动词+表语
这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例：
Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。

The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。

She became a lawyer.她当了律师。

3.主语+谓语+宾语
这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：
We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。

My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。

4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：
He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。

I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。

5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：
I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。

（形容词easy作补语）
I'll let him go.我将让他去。

（不定式go用作补语）
注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：
China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。

（China and other countries并列主语）
Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。

6.There be +主语+状语（表示时间或则地点的状语）
这种句型是一种常见的特殊句式结构，它表示存在。

There is（not）a twin bed in the room.房间里有（没有）一张双人床。

There are (not) a lot of tourists waiting for their turns.有（没有）许多游客在等着。

There will be rain tomorrow.明天将有雨。

There must be something wrong.一定有什么毛病了。

二、句子成分分析
（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语）
如：
(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child went (his) home （yesterday）
句子成分划分巧计
主在前，谓在中，宾语状语后面冲。

短语定语住宾后，形代定语住宾前。

间宾直宾紧相连，直间之间to, for 连。

宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。

一主语：
是一个句子的主体，一般放在谓语之前，是动作的实施者。

主语由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词-ing形式或从句充当。

1.Mary is a good students.(名词)
2.Unity is strength. ( 名词)
3.He enjoys walking in the fields. （代词）
4.Four plus six is ten.（数词）
5.To work hard is important.（不定式短语）
6.It is my job to teach them English. （不定式短语是真正的主语，it 为形式主语）
7.Smoking is bad for health.（动词-ing形式作主语）
8.When we shall go back has not been decided yet.（从句作主语，即主语从句）
二谓语：
用来说明主语的动作或状态，表明主语是什么，做什么，或怎么样。

谓语由动词担当，可由各种时态的动词表示
1.Great hopes make great men. （动词）
2.She looked after him two years ago.（动词词组）
3.I shall answer your question after class.（助动词＋动词）
4.She can speak English very well. （情态动词＋动词）
5.The dictionary is mine.（连系动词＋表语）
6.She looks happy. （连系动词＋表语）
三宾语：
表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者，由名词，代词，不定式，相当于名词的词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。

（一）单宾语
1.Paper catches fire easily. (名词)
2.He will do anything for her. （代词）
3.She is listening to play the violin. (不定式短语)
4.He doesn’t like swimming. (动词-ing形式)
5.He said that he would come. (从句，即宾语从句)
（二）双宾语（直接宾语sth＋间接宾语sb）
常见的带双宾语的动词有：
give bring buy get lend make offer pass teach tell
write read show send leave return
1.Mother bought me a shirt yesterday.
2.She taught us English then.
3.I send my mother two letters last month.
(三) 复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）
有些及物动词带了宾语后，还需要有一个补足成分，才能使句意完整，即补充说明宾语，能都充当宾补的词有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）
常跟宾补的动词有：有
allow, ask, advise, call, elect, keep, consider, make, see ,name, have, get, help, wish, let, feel, hear, find smell .1.We elected him our monitor.（名词）
2.I want him back.（副词）
3.Cellphones make it possible for us to anyone from anywhere.形容词
4.The doctor advised me to have more exercises.（不定式短语）
5.I heard Mary singing in her room.（动词-ing形式）
6.He had his watch repaired yesterday.（过去分词）
7.Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）你请自便。

四表语：
放在连系动词be ,become, seem, feel turn(当“变得”讲时)等之后，用来说明主语的特征，状态，身份等，可以充当表语的词有名词，动词-ed
形式或句子
1.He became king when he was only a child.(名词)
2.The book is hers. (代词)
3.He is free today.(形容词)
4.Her mother will be back soon.(副词)
5.I‟m sixteen.(数词)
6.He seemed worried about it.（动词过去分词）
7.It is surprising to hear the news.（动词现在分词）
8.The problem is how to finish the work ahead of time.（不定式短语）
9.This is what I want to tell you.（从句，即表语从句）
五定语：
用来修饰名词或代词，可作定于的词有名词，代词，数词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing 形式，动词-ed 形式以及从句，定于分为前置定语和后置定语
1.Yao Ming is an excellent basketball player.（形容词，前置）
2.Ronaldo is a football player.（名词，前置）
3.Your hair needs cutting.（代词，前置）
4.Thirty students attended the party.（数词，前置）
5.He is in the sitting room.（现在分词，前置）
6.You can see fallen leaves everywhere in fall.（过去分词，前置）
7.Who is the girl dancing over there?（现在分词短语，后置）
8.The hotel built last year is the best in the city.（过去分词短语，后置）
9.This the house which we visited.（从句，即定语从句，后置）
六状语：
用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子，用来表示时间，地点，原因，方式，程度，目的，结果，条件，让步，频度等情况。

通常用作状语的词有副词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式，名词词组，从句等，状语一般放在词尾，但有的也放在句首或句中
1.The plane will take off in a few minutes. (介词短语作地点状语)
2.He came late because of the rain. (介词短语作原因状语)
3.She cut the apple with the knife. (介词短语作方式状语)
4.There are much fish in the lake.(介词短语作地点状语)
5.The river is very long. (副词作程度状语)
6.He ran fast to catch the train.（不定式作目的状语）
7.She woke suddenly to find him standing near the bed.（不定式作结果状语）
8.Turning to the left,you will see the library.（现在分词作条件状语）
9.Given another chance,he will succeed.（过去分词作条件状语）
10.They walked in spite of the heavy snow. (介词短语作让步状语）
11.He usually goes to bed at ten. (频度副词作状语）
12.They are generous although they are poor.（从句作状语,让步状语从句）
找出下列句子的句子成分并翻译出来：
1.The farm covered thousands of acres. （英亩）
2.Don't leave the water running all the time.
3.The place is worth to be visited.
4.Only then did I realize I was wrong.
5.The rest of the apple is rotten. （腐烂的）
6.I choose to go to work by bus.
7.There are plenty of restaurants to choose from.
8.I met her by chance.
9.I came across an old photo in the drawer. （抽屉）
10.The child tried to catch the teacher's eye.
11.I intend to finish the text today.
12.She looks young considering her age.
13.Carry on working while I am away.
14.To see is to believe. 眼见为实
15.The worker and writer is from Wuhan.（工人和作家是同一个人）
16.Something has gone wrong with my watch.
17.They were struggling to get out of the burning car.
18.She did want to have what is called mobile phone.
19.We think it is necessary to work hard.
20.Seeking friendship is human nature.。