从近年高考英语试题透析“情态动词+have done”的重难点用法
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
从近年高考英语试题透析“情态动词+have done”的重难点用法
发表时间:2011-04-25T15:27:11.780Z 来源:高教版英语周报11年30期作者:朱琳琳[导读] “情态动词+have done”是情态动词语法项目中一个十分重要的语言点。文 / 朱琳琳
“情态动词+have done”是情态动词语法项目中一个十分重要的语言点,也是近年来各省市高考英语试题考查的热点内容。下面笔者结合近年来高考英语试题谈谈“情态动词+have done”的三种常见但却容易混淆的用法。
一、表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测或估计
【高考链接】
1. Jack described his father, who ___ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A. would be
B. would have been
C. must be
D. must have been (2010安徽卷,32)
【答案】 D
【简析】
此题考查情态动词must表示推测的用法,推测过去用must +have done的结构,正确答案为选项D。
2. It's said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ___ (不可能做到) because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
(2010湖北卷,79)
【答案】 can't / couldn't have done it / so / that / this 【简析】
此题为湖北卷完成句子题型中的一道题,考查情态动词can / could表示推测的用法。can / could表示推测过去发生的动作并且是用于否定句中,应用can't / couldn't + have done的结构。
3. — I can't find my purse anywhere. — You ___ have lost it while shopping.
A. may
B. can
C. should
D. would (2008重庆卷,30)
【答案】 A
【简析】
此题考查情态动词may表示推测的用法。may表示推测过去发生的行为并用于肯定句中,应用may + have done的结构。can表示对过去行为或状态的推测,只用于疑问句和否定句中,故排除选项B,正确答案为A. may。
【归纳】“情态动词+ have done”表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测或估计的用法。(见表一)【总评】
“情态动词+ have done”表示推测的用法是近年来高考英语试题考查的热点,考生在备考时一定要分清can /could / may / might / must表示推测的不同含义和用法,如注意区分can't /couldn't have done表示“不可能做过”的含义,而may not / mightn't have done表示“可能没做过”的含义,另外要特别注意牢记can / could / may / might / must分别是用于何种句式。
二、表示对过去发生动作的遗憾或责备
【高考链接】
1. — Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you ___ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. shouldn't (2010上海卷,29)
【答案】 C
【简析】
此题考查情态动词should表示对过去发生动作的遗憾或责备的用法,用should have done结构表示“本该做却未做”的含义,正确答案为选项C。
2. Mark ___ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. couldn't (2010天津卷,9)
【答案】 A
【简析】
此题考查情态动词need表示对过去动作的遗憾或后悔的用法,用needn't have done结构表示“本不必做却做了”的含义,正确答案为选项A。
3. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ___ it differently.
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
(2009江苏卷,28)
【答案】 C
【简析】
此题考查情态动词could表示对过去动作的责备的用法,用could have done结构表示“本能够做却未做”的含义,正确答案为选项C。
【归纳】“情态动词+ have done”表示对过去动作的遗憾或责备的用法。(见表二)
【总评】
“情态动词+ have done”表示对过去动作的遗憾或责备的用法同样也是近年来高考英语试题考查的热点,考生在备考时除了要区别其不同结构表示的不同含义和用法外,还要注意与“情态动词+ have done”表示推测的用法进行区分,切忌混用。
三、表示与过去事实相反的结果(主句中的虚拟语气)
【高考链接】
1. — The weather has been very hot and dry.
— Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ___.
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
(2010北京卷,34)
【答案】 D
【简析】
此题考查主句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,用wouldn't have done结构表示对过去事实的虚拟,正确答案为选项D。
2. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ___.
A. would have been saved
B. had been saved
C. will be saved
D. was saved
(2010浙江卷,10)
【答案】 A
【简析】
此题考查would have done结构用在主句中表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,但考生还需要识别前半句是虚拟条件从句中省略if且将had 提前位于句首的部分倒装结构。
3. But for their help, we ___ the program in time.
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished
(2009安徽卷,34)
【答案】 D
【简析】
此题考查含蓄虚拟条件句。介词短语but for(要不是) their help相当于if引导的虚拟条件状语从句(if it hadn't been for their help),从句用had done表示对过去事实的虚拟,主句应用could + have done结构,故选D. could not have finished。
【归纳】 “情态动词+ have done”表示与过去事实相反的结果的用法。(见表三)
【总评】
“情态动词+ have done”表示主句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法,在历年高考题中频繁考查。考生除了要掌握其“常规”用法,即虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的用法,更要特别关注其“非常规”用法,如在省略if的虚拟条件句和含蓄虚拟条件句中“情态动词+ have done”的使用,后者往往是高考试题考查的热点,而这一热点却常常被很多考生所忽视,因而造成了不必要的失分,故在今后的备考中学生