英语写译课件 week two-general and specific____ words

Tip
In order to write precisely, we need to expand our vocabulary and watch for vague words.
House
Mansion 豪宅 Villa 度假别墅 Chateau 乡间别墅 Bungalow 平房 Cottage （尤指乡间 的）小屋
Clothes
Jacket, waistcoat (vest), blouse, shirt, Jeans, flared trousers (pants), trousers (pants) Pyjamas (pajamas), nightdress (nightgown), polo neck (turtleneck), cardigan, sweater, tracksuit (sweats), tracksuit bottoms (sweatpants), anorak (jacket), fleece, overcoat, raincoat, cagoule (jacket), trench coat
Giggle: to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous 因为感到有 趣、尴尬或紧张而傻 笑
Translate the following sentences .
1. 他想起捉弄他们的事就忍俊不禁。 2. 他们排队等候时，紧张地傻笑着。 3. 当我开始讲话的时候，听众中有人嘎嘎地笑 了起来。 4. 听到这个笑话，男孩子们哄笑起来。 5. 他看上去那么滑稽，我们都哈哈大笑起来。 6. 比尔高兴地哈哈大笑。 7. 那些女生常聚在一起窃笑他浓重的口音。 8. 我发现他正在抄袭我的作文，他不好意思地 冲我笑了笑。
5. He looks so funny, we all roared/chortled. 6. Bill chortled/roared with delight. 7. Those girls often got together and sniggered/snickered at his strong accent. 8. When I found/caught him copying my composition, he tittered/giggled at me.
Vocabulary Expansion: Different Ways of Laughing
Guffaw: to laugh noisily 哄笑（at）
Cackle： to laugh in a loud, unpleasant way 嘎嘎地笑(with delight)；（母鸡等） 咯咯叫
Snigger/snicker: to laugh in a quiet unpleasant way, especially at something rude or at someone’s problems or mistakes 窃笑、暗笑，尤指 对无礼行为或他人的问题或 错误发笑(at)
Titter：to laugh quietly, especially in a nervous or embarrassed way 窃笑，尤指紧张或者 尴尬地笑
nourishing, nutritious 有营养 的 Wholesome 有益健 康的； abundant 充足的 Fresh 新鲜的， decaying 腐烂的 tender嫩的， tough 咬不动的
Replace the general words in the following sentences with specific ones to convey a clearer idea.
Cabin （尤指森林、 山区里的）小木 屋
Hut （尤指木头、 泥巴、草、石头 砌成的）只有一 两间房的小屋子
Shack 简陋的小屋 子（如窝棚、棚 房）
Shanty 穷人住的、 不结实的、简陋 的小屋子
Shed （常构成复 合词）储藏室 a bicycle/tool shed
Barn 谷仓、畜棚； （美）公共汽 车、卡车等的 车库
Ways of Walking
Creep 蹑手蹑脚地走 Limp 一瘸一拐地走 Pace 徘徊 Pad 轻轻地走
Plod/trudge （因疲 劳或负重而）沉重 缓慢地走，步履艰 难地走，费力地走 Shuffle 拖着脚步走， 挪步走
Stroll 散布、溜达、闲逛 Stagger （受伤、醉酒后） 摇摇晃晃地走 Stomp （因生气）重步走， （小孩子）噔噔地走
1.
2. 3. 4.
He chuckled to himself when he remembered the trick he'd played on them. They giggled/tittered nervously as they waited for their turn. When I began to speak, someone among the audience cackled. All the boys burst out into a guffaw/roar (guffawed/roared) at the joke.
In introduction, conclusion, topic/concluding sentences
When providing supporting details
Sample Sentences
Adolf
Hitler was born in Europe. → Adolf Hitler was born in Austria.
Mrs.
Goodwin is very old. → Mrs. Goodwin is seventy-two years old.
John
weighed much more than his brother, Bill. → looked like the middle linebacker that he was, whereas his brother, Bill, was a tall, thin long-distance runner.
Slang Words
How do you like this paragraph?
It was fine last weekend, so we went to the countryside and had a good time. We saw many things and people there. We did many things there, too. It was such an unforgettable weekend.
1.
2.
3.
The famous movie star bought many houses all over the world. Lovebirds on campus often spend a lot of time walking around. The food served in this restaurant is really good.
Diction (2)
Sept. 15-21
Diction: Choice of Words
Attitude
Favorable Words
Neutral Words
Unfavorable Words
Style Or Formality
来自百度文库
Formal Words
Common Colloquial Words Words
Roar：to laugh very loudly 哈哈大笑(with laughter)
Chortle：to laugh loudly with pleasure or amusement 高兴地哈哈 大笑 （with delight） （多是当众的 ）
Chuckle: to laugh quietly, especially because you are thinking about something funny 轻声笑，尤指想到滑 稽事时发笑(at) （通常是低声或无声的, 也 可为独自思考和阅读的反应）
Tip
In order to write precisely, we need to form the habit of thinking concretely and analytically.
Sample paragraph: Point out the general and specific word(s) in the following paragraph and tell how the writer makes the paragraph effective.
V
Adj. Adv.
laugh
a good man He speaks impressively.
Note
Compared with other words, some words are general or specific in meaning.
professionals
scientists teachers
John
The
class read a Shakespearean play. class read As You Like It.
The
The
class read Shakespeare’s As You Like It.

Jimmy was funny. → Jim tells jokes constantly, ones that leave a person rolling on the floor in laughter.
Words: General and Specific
Parts of Speech N General Words professionals Specific Words scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists, etc. cackle, chuckle, giggle, roar, guffaw, snigger, titter, etc. kind, honest, generous, selfless, brave, ambitious, etc. He speaks precisely/concisely/confidently. He is eloquent./His speech is humorous.
lawyers
doctors
physicists chemists
biochemists
Classification
General Words
Functions
Used
Specific Words
To express an abstract and vague idea, to describe a writer’s feelings toward a person, place, or thing. To make writing clear, exact, vivid and striking
Tiptoe 踮着脚走
Adjectives to Describe Food
appetizing （色、香）引起食欲 的 tasty美味的, delicious 美味的、 香的 flavoursome (flavorful) 味道丰富 的 Flavourless (flavorless) 无味的， Spicy加有香料的，用香料调味 的, hot 辣的
The beggar’s hair is extremely dirty. It seems that he never washes his hair. He keeps scratching his head, and the passers-by watch “snowflakes” fall continuously. Suddenly a bird flies by and rests on his head, for it takes his hair for a comfortable nest.