大学英语四级模拟试卷16(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级模拟试卷16(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 6. Error Correction 8. Translation
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a friend who will come to your city to see you. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 假设你是王红。

你的一个朋友准备到你所在的城市来旅游，但你有事不能接待他/她。

写封信给他/她，解释你不能接待的原因，并说明你对他/她的安排。

正确答案：Dear Tina, I’m glad to know that you are coming to my city for vacation soon, and I’m sure you will have a good time here. However, I’m afraid there’s some bad news. I’m planning to take part in an international conference to be held in another ci
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
Strength to Love The black people badly needed a strong leader who was not afraid. And Martin Luther King knew well what dangers threatened him when he agreed to be their leader. But in church that Sunday he told his people to love one another and to think kindly of their enemies. This wasn’t easy in Montgomery. For most of the white people, and all of the police, seemed to be their enemies. But at last they proved their point, the buses were no longer divided. The highest court in the U.S. decided that it was against the law to have separate seats for black and white people on buses. The bus companies had lost a lot of money. But the trouble wasn’t over. Angry whites fired at the buses and at four black churches in the town. A bomb was thrown at Dr. King’s house and might have killed his family. The house of a white minister who agreed with his black friends was also bombed. In the next ten years Martin Luther King led the fight for full “civil rights”for southern negroes. There were so many of them that they couldn’t be defeated if they were determined to resist. He told them that if one hundred thousand blacks marched in a procession to an important point in the centre of a city they would make it impossible for the most stupid government official to use weapons against them. They went in large numbers and sat in restaurants where black people weren’t
welcome. They refused to leave until they were carried out by the police. They went about teaching the people that they had a right and duty to elect their own officials. Many of them were afraid of what would happen to them if they voted. The southern whites grew angrier and angrier. In the state of Mississippi alone more than forty civil rights workers, both black and white, were murdered and no one was punished. More than fifty black churches were burned or bombed. In one, four little girls were killed. The white people were terribly afraid of what the black people would do when they discovered their own strength. For, as Dr. King said, much of the struggle for black equality had to be fought by each black person inside himself. Each black man must say, “I am somebody. I am a person. I am a man of worth and honor. I have a rich and noble history, however painful...that history has been. “Each man must win his own right to be called a man in the nation that called him “boy”. His father had ‘always said to him, “Nobody can make a slave of you if you don’t think like a slave.”The strength of the civil rights movement was the nonviolent march. The huge processions which King and his followers led brought everyone on to the field of action. Even the children marched to demand their rights as free people. Like their parents they were arrested in very large numbers and were sent to prison. Dr. King was in prison many times. In 1963 he led a great march to the nation’s capital in Washington, D.C. Two hundred and fifty thousand people, many of them white, gathered at the heart of the nation, singing their freedom song:”We shall overcome one day. “Martin Luther King was the main speaker. And he spoke to that huge crowd as he had never spoken before. He threw away the speech he had prepared and spoke whatever words came to his lips: “I say to you today, even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream.”His dream was of a country where men would be truly equal. “I have a dream that my four little children one day will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the strength of their character....With this faith we will be able to work together, to struggle together, to go to prison together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing we will be free one day.”After the march he and other black leaders met President Kennedy at the White House. Soon after this the United States Government passed two important civil rights laws, a big victory for the colored people. John Kennedy, as we have seen, admired the kind of courage that results in action. He gave great support and comfort to the King family when Dr. King was in prison. His death, later in 1963, was a serious blow to them all. And Martin Luther King knew that what had happened to John Kennedy might happen to him also. For he said, an unjust society is a sick society in which good men are murdered without cause. He had once been attacked and nearly killed by a mad woman with a knife. She was a black woman too. He and his family bravely accepted the fact that he might be killed any day as he went among the crowds. In 1964 he won one of the highest honors a man can receive. He was given the Nobel Peace Prize “for his leadership of the nonviolent struggle for racial equality”. He was only thirty-five. He was the fourth colored man to win the prize in four years. Many black people were growing angry at their slow progress. They wanted to use violent means to gain their ends. But King did not approve of the new movement for “black power”. “Nonviolence is
power,” he said, “but it is the right and good use of power...it can save the white man as well as the negro.”Like Gandhi, he saw the movement he had begun beginning to split up as people used it for their separate ends. Groups like the Black Power Movement seemed to lose hope of a country where black and white people could live happily together. Their patience was coming to an end. King wanted to help not only just blacks but also whites, “Negroes hold only one key to the lock of peaceful change.”he said. “The other is in the hands of the whites.”Martin Luther King became the leader not only of the black people but of all the poor, in the north as well as in the south. He was planning a great poor people’s march when he was shot and killed on 4 April 1968. This time the attacker was white. Dr. King had spent his short life trying to find a better way to meet trouble than with a knife or gun. He had given thousands of people the strength which he possessed in large measure—the strength to love others even in the face of hate, injustice and death.
2．Before Martin L. King. all the black leaders chose violence to win their freedom and equality.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：C
解析：从文章中我们可知马丁.路德.金是通过“nonviolence”来为黑人争取平等和自由的，但通读全文我们可知文中并未提到在金之前，黑人领袖都是通过暴力方式争取平等和自由的。

3．Dr. King encouraged his people to love also their enemies.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：从第一段的“…he told his people to love one another and to think kindly of their enemies”可知金主张用“非暴力”的方式，鼓励人们连敌人也不要去憎恨。

4．In King’s view, self-worth was very important if black people were to succeed in their struggle for equality.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：由第七段的第一句“…much of the struggle…by each black person inside himself”可知金认为大部分的斗争要通过每一个黑人从内到外的努力。

后文也紧接着谈到了黑人要认识到，自己是“somebody”，是“a man of worth and honor”，
也就是“自身的价值”。

5．According to this passage. King disagreed with some black people using violence because they wanted to use violence means for their own power, not for black equality.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：B
解析：此判断有两点错误。

首先，从倒数第三段可知金不同意采取暴力是因为他认为“非暴力”才是解决问题的正确方式，而且也不应该把白人排除在外。

第二点，一些黑人组织采取暴力是为了“gain their ends”，并不能说是为了“their own power”，而实际上也应是不同程度的平等和自由。

6．Martin L. King brought people, black or white, to the field of action.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：由第八段“The huge processions…brought everyone on to the field of action”中的everyone可知不管是黑人还是白人，大人还是小孩都参予了游行。

7．The march to Washington, D.C. in 1963 helped the passage of two civil rights acts.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：由第十一段的“After the march…Soon…passed two important civil rights laws”可知两个重要的民权法案的通过在很大程度上是“the march”促成的，故此判断正确。

8．For King, the assassination of President Kennedy showed that the civil rights movement could be defeated.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：B
解析：由第十二段可知，马丁.路德.金由肯尼迪总统被暗杀认识到“an unjust society is a sick society...”，而并不是说明民权运动失败了，故此判断错误。

9．John Kennedy thought highly of ______ that resulted in the action led by Martin L. King.
正确答案：the kind of courage
解析：由第十二段开头可知肯尼迪很钦佩人们游行行动中所展现出来的勇气，故可得出答案。

10．At the age of ______ King delivered that famous speech called I Have a Dream.
正确答案：34
解析：由第十三段可知金在1964年，也就是在他35岁时获得了“诺贝尔和平奖”，而那次著名的演讲发生在1963年，故金那时侯34岁。

11．Martin Luther King sought black equality by ______ but he died from violence.
正确答案：nonviolence
解析：通读全文后可知，马丁.路德.金主张用“非暴力”的方式争取平等和自由，而由此题后半句的“but he died from violence”亦可知应与前半句形成反差，故可知应为nonviolence．
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
12．
A．At the department store.
B．At the office.
C．In the restaurant.
D．In the drug store.
正确答案：C
解析：W: Good evening, sir. Here is the menu. Would you like to order now?M: Yes, but I’m in a rush. Can I be served and out of here in half an hour?Q: Where are the speakers?
13．
A．He is upset.
B．He is disappointed.
C．He is confident.
D．He is worried.
正确答案：C
解析：W: How do you feel about the oral test?M: I couldn’t feel better about it. All of the questions are within my expectation.Q: How does the man feel about the test?
14．
A．It’s too high.
B．It’s acceptable.
C．It’s cheap indeed.
D．The woman should have bargained for it.
正确答案：C
解析：W: I spent $50 on this sofa. Do you think it is worthwhile?M: Well, I think you’ve got a real bargain.Q: What does the man think of the price?
15．
A．At two o’clock.
B．At three o’clock.
C．At four o’clock.
D．At five o’clock.
正确答案：D
解析：W: I heard the fire broke out at two in the morning.M: That’s right. And it took the fireman three hours to put it out.Q: When was the fire put out?
16．
A．Shop assistant and customer.
B．Post clerk and customer.
C．Store keeper and customer.
D．Waitress and customer.
正确答案：D
解析：M: Excuse me, I’d like to send a registration letter to Houston, Texas. How much is the postage?W: Let me check. It’s a dollar and 55 cents.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
17．
A．To park the car.
B．To take pictures.
C．To take her to the park.
D．To have a look at the sight.
正确答案：A
解析：W: John, there is a really good view out there.M: Sorry, honey. I can’t stop here. There’s nowhere to park.Q: What does the woman ask the man to do?
18．
A．His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.
B．He was together with her girlfriend yesterday.
C．He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.
D．He brought his girlfriend to the party.
正确答案：B
解析：W: Jack, I expected to see you at Sam’s birthday party yesterday but you were absent.M: I had to date my girlfriend. I have been terribly busy these days. You know, she is complaining.Q: What do we know about the man?
19．
A．She regretted having bought the second-hand ear.
B．It is unnecessary to rent another house.
C．They should sell their second -hand car and buy a new one.
D．They can afford a second-hand car.
正确答案：A
解析：M: I’m fed up with the noisy environment here. I suppose we should rent a house with better environment, but I don’t see how we can afford it right now.W: If only we hadn’t bought the second- hand car!Q: What does the woman mean?
听力原文：W: Hey, Bob! So how was the movie?M: Well, I didn’t really enjoy it very much.W: Why? That film got great reviews. It’s really popular.M: Oh, the movie was fine. I just got irritated by the people sitting in front of me.W: What happened?M: Well, first they came in late. It took them a while to get into their seats. All this was happening during an exciting part of the movie. And then they started talking.W: Oh, I hate when that happens!M: There were two of them: a man and a woman. The man had seen the movie before. He was telling the woman the entire story.W: Unbelievable!M: Well, yon won’t believe what happened next! Another person asked them to be quiet. Politely, of course.W: Right.M: And they started arguing! Their voices were getting louder and louder. One guy was saying, “You shouldn’t talk in the movie,” and the other guy was saying, “You can’t tell me what to do!”W: Well, what finally happened?M: The usher had to be called in because it was getting out of hand. Everyone quieted down eventually, but it was too late. They had ruined the movie for me.
20．
A．He didn’t really enjoy it very much.
B．He liked its story, but the music was awful.
C．He enjoyed every minute of the movie.
D．He was excited with the development of the story.
正确答案：A
解析：How did Bob enjoy the movie?
21．
A．The usher.
B．The people sitting next.
C．The people sitting in front of him.
D．The people standing in the back.
正确答案：C
解析：By whom exactly did Bob get irritated?
22．
A．The man was cutting jokes all the time.
B．The woman was talking about her boss.
C．The woman was making comments on the performance of the actress.
D．The man was telling the woman the entire story of the movie.
正确答案：D
解析：What were the irritating people talking about?
听力原文：M: Did you see that TV special on Norman Rockwell last night?W: Yes, I did. It was really good, wasn’t it?M: It sure was. I thought it was really interesting how he developed the paintings in states starting with photographs.W: Yes, I did, too. It never occurred to me that he would have actually employed models.M: I know. But it does make sense to use photographs of real people, to solve as many of the composition problems as possible before starting to paint.W: True. Anyway, you knew what I like most about his work?M: What?W: Well, when you look at one of the magazine coves, which magazine was it?M: The Saturday Evening Post.W: Yes, you can just tell what the people are thinking and feeling. The picture really tells a story.M: You’re right. I like that, too. And to think that he created several hundred of those.W: Amazing. Of course; that was over a period of almost sixty years, but still...M: I’d like to see them when that exhibit comes to Miami.W: What exhibit?M: The one they mentioned after the special.W: Oh. I must have turned it off before the announcement. I’d like to see it, too, Let’s go.M: OK.W: I’m sure we’ll appreciate it very much.
23．
A．Last night.
B．Tonight.
C．Yesterday afternoon.
D．This morning.
正确答案：A
解析：When was the TV special on show?
24．
A．The use of photographs in painting.
B．The TV program about Norman Rockwell.
C．The Saturday Evening Post magazine.
D．Exhibits of art on magazine covers.
正确答案：B
解析：What is the main purpose of this conversation?
25．
A．He imagined them.
B．He used magazine covers.
C．He hired models.
D．He read stories.
正确答案：C
解析：According to the woman, what is the problem that the man is having?
26．
A．He was a prolific painter.
B．He was an eccentric person.
C．He was an avid reader.
D．He was a good teacher.
正确答案：A
解析：What can we learn about Norman Rockwell from the conversation?
Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文：Darwin was a great scientist. He studied living things in the world. He said, “There are thousands of living things. But in the past, the number was smaller. In the far past, a still smaller number. In the beginning—perhaps only one.”Darwin waited a long time before he put these things into a book. He always tried to add more and more facts: he wanted his ideas about evolution to be right. It took him many years to write the book. On the first day, people bought
every copy. The men of the churches fought against Darwin’s ideas. His story of the world was different from theirs. So either Darwin or the men of the churches must be wrong. But the churches did not bring any new facts, or better ideas. They only brought angry words. Later, Darwin wrote a book about the evolution of man. He said that man is also a kind of animal. And again, Darwin did not just write down his own ideas. He filled his book with facts. We know now that he was right. There have been men for more than a million years. We have found some of their bones. Bones have told us a lot about the evolution of living things. Like any other animals, man slowly changed through time. But we cannot find the bones of man from a few million years ago. There were not any men at that time. The world’s animals were different then. But the bones can take us backwards through time into the past. And they can help us with our study of the evolution of life.
27．
A．Nothing but conjecture.
B．Studying hard.
C．Facts.
D．Wisdom.
正确答案：C
解析：What wore Darwin’s ideas based on?
28．
A．Because Darwin had got a tot of facts.
B．Because Darwin condemned the men of the churches for their nonsense.
C．Because Darwin was not a religious believer.
D．Because Darwin’s story of the world was different from theirs.
正确答案：D
解析：Why did the men of the churches fight against Darwin’s ideas?
29．
A．Man is also a kind of animal.
B．There have been men for more than a million years.
C．Like any other animals, man slowly changed through time.
D．There were men a few million years ago.
正确答案：D
解析：According to the passage, which of the following is not true?
听力原文：As is known to all, scientists and philosophers had studied the human body and its functions from very early times. Unfortunately, many of the ideas and theories, correct and incorrect, were accepted without question for a great number of years. But by the 16th century, knowledge gained through chemical experiments was beginning to make some people think more deeply about how the human body
works. A most important medical discovery was made by William Harvey in 1628. He found out that the blood is circulated round the body in one direction only by the pumping action of the heart. It had previously been incorrectly thought that the blood moved with a backward and forward motion. Early in the 17th century a new instrument came into use that was to open up a whole new area in the study of medical and scientific matters. This was the microscope. The first instruments were not very efficient. They were able to magnify only a very small part of the object and this was always surrounded by rings of colored light. Nevertheless a great step forward had been taken which was of vital importance for future research and development.
30．
A．Scientists and philosophers had never studied the human body and its functions.
B．Many of the ideas and theories that people used to accept were all incorrect.
C．People used to accept ideas and theories.
D．People used to accept undoubtedly many of the ideas and theories, correct and incorrect.
正确答案：D
解析：What was the unfortunate thing mentioned in the passage?
31．
A．The heart pumps blood in two directions.
B．The blood is circulated round the body in one direction only by the pumping action of the heart.
C．The blood moved with a backward and forward motion.
D．The heart pumps blood in all directions.
正确答案：B
解析：What did William Harvey find out in 1628?
32．
A．Artificial hearts.
B．Telescopes.
C．Microscopes.
D．Radio telescopes.
正确答案：C
解析：What instrument gave a great help to the study of medical and scientific matters?
听力原文：The Coast Guard does what its name says; it guards the coasts of the United States. During a war, the Coast Guard becomes part of the United States
Navy, and helps to protect against enemy attacks. In times of peace, however, The Coast Guard is part of the United States Department of Transportation. It has responsibility for many different duties. The Coast Guard can be found at many large lakes in America, as well as in coastal waters. It enforces laws controlling navigation, shipping, immigration, and fishing. It enforces other laws that affect the thousands of privately-owned boats in the United States. Coast Guard planes, boats and helicopters search for missing boats and rescue people in dangerous situations. Last year, Coast Guards men saved the lives of almost 7,000 people. The Coast Guard does scientific research on the ocean. It also uses ice-breaking boats to clear ice from rivers or lakes, so boats can travel safely. One of The Coast Guard’s most important duties now is helping to keep illegal drugs out of the United States. Coast Guard boats, armed with guns, use radios and radar to find boats that may be carrying drugs. They stop the boats suspected of carrying drugs and search them, They seize the drugs and arrest the people on the boats. Last year, Coast Guardsman seized more than 800,000 kilo grams of marijuana and cocaine. And-they arrested more than 700 persons trying to bring illegal drugs into the United States. This kind of action is exiting. Most of the time, however, Coast Guardsman say they see nothing more exciting than the ocean.
33．
A．Guarding the coasts of the United States.
B．Being part of the United States Navy.
C．Guiding people along the coast.
D．Protecting people from army attack.
正确答案：A
解析：What does the name Coast Guard mean?
34．
A．Enforcing laws controlling navigation, shipping, immigration and fishing.
B．Enforcing laws affecting the privately-owned bests in the U.S.
C．Searching for missing beats and rescuing people.
D．Training people to good swimmers along the beach.
正确答案：D
解析：Which of the following is not the duty of The U.S. Coast Guard?
35．
A．17,000
B．1,700
C．70,000
D．7,000
正确答案：D
解析：How many lives have Coast Guardsman saved last year?
36．
A．dangerous
B．hard
C．exciting
D．dull
正确答案：D
解析：What does the speaker indicate about the life of the Coast Guardsmen for most of the time?
Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 听力原文：It’s never too early to save your skin—or your children’s from the sun. The sun produces invisible rays ultraviolet A(UV A) and ultraviolet B(UVB)—that can cause short- and long-term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful sunrays—sunburn, photosensitive reactions, and cell and tissue dam age-are bad enough. But medical experts believe that too much exposure to the sun in childhood or the sun in adolescence is a major cause of skin cancer and premature skin aging later in life. Health experts also believe that UV A may weaken the immune sys tem. You can take steps early and often to minimize the sun’s harmful effects. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun’s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor(SPF): the higher the SPF, the greater the protection against harmful sun rays. But no sunacreen totally blocks the sun’s rays.
It’s never too early to 【B1】______ your skin—or your children’s from the sun. The sun produces 【B2】______ rays 【B3】______ A(UV A) and ultraviolet B(UVB)—that can cause short- and long-term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful 【B4】______—【B5】______. photosensitive 【B6】______, and cell and 【B7】______ damage—are bad enough. But 【B8】______ experts believe that 【B9】____________. Health experts also believe that UV A may weaken the immune system. 【B10】____________. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun’s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor(SPF): 【B11】____________. But no sunscreen totally blocks the sun’s rays.
37．【B1】
正确答案：save
38．【B2】
正确答案：invisible
39．【B3】
正确答案：ultraviolet
40．【B4】
正确答案：sunrays
41．【B5】
正确答案：sunburn
42．【B6】
正确答案：reactions
43．【B7】
正确答案：tissue
44．【B8】
正确答案：medical
45．【B9】
正确答案：too much exposure to the sun in childhood or the sun in adolescence is a major cause of skin cancer and premature skin aging later in life
46．【B10】
正确答案：You can take steps early and often to minimize the sun’s harmful effects
47．【B11】
正确答案：the higher the SPF，the greater the protection against harmful sun rays
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
The type of daydreams people have, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair, take shape in child hood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive, negative and scattered, American Health re ports. Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy, playful or entertaining scenarios. Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life’s darker side, envisioning dangerous and/ or life-threatening situations, such as the one of a fatal or debilitating disease or becoming a victim of violence. Scattered daydreamers are easily bored and distracted. “Their mental images tend to be fleeting, repetitive and shallow, like variations on the same fairy tale,” explains Yale psychologist Rani Tower. While all three types are common, positive fantasies are likeliest to serve as springboards for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreamers may leave a person feeling anxious. “Negative daydreamers” are waiting for the “other shoe to fall”. Their fantasies are often guilt-ridden or obsessive, Tower explains. There are times when drifting away can cause problems, according to Blondin. “If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day, the person won’t be very productive,”she says. “The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what’s important. It should not take up all of your time. If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive, they should take a realistic look at what’s going on in their life and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid. Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation.”(Anyone who has a hard time discriminating between reality and fantasy or starts replacing real. life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.) Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person: “By sitting quietly and letting your daydreams e merge instead of squelching them, you may find there are parts of yourself you haven’t been listening to. Instead of fearing them, you’ll gain access to a tremendous range of interesting, creative ideas.”
48．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
正确答案：The styles of daydreams and their characteristics
解析：抓住相关内容，尽量用原文中的词概括答案。

本题在原文中无法找到直观的答案。

需理解第一段的意义，抓住关键字眼，做出准确的概括。

第一段第一句讲到：“人们的白日梦类型不管是令人愉快的，有希望的还是充满绝望的，在童年时代就已形成，那正是每个人形成三种基本白日梦方式中一种方式的时候。

这三种白日梦方式是肯定式的，悲观的和不集中的”。

这其中关键词语three basic styles of daydreaming该段后面是介绍这三种方式白日梦的特点。

由此，我们可概括出答案。