2019-2020学年人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义：Unit 1 Women of achievement 3 Section Ⅲ Word版含答案

Section ⅢLearning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.audience n. 观众；听众；读者
2.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
3.generation n. 一代；一辈
4.modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
拓展词汇
5.refer v i.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．参考；参照；涉及
6.sickness n．疾病；恶心→sick adj.生病的
7.intend v t.计划；打算→intention n．打算
8.determination n．决心；果断→determine v．决心；下决心→determined adj.有决心的；坚决的
9.kindness n．仁慈；好意→kind adj.亲切的；仁慈的
10.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consideration n．考虑；体谅→consider v．考虑
11.deliver v t.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery n．发表；递送
阅读词汇
12.career n．事业；生涯
13.rate n．比率；速度
重点短语
1.look__down__upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
2.refer__to 查阅；参考；谈到
3.by__chance 碰巧；凑巧
e__across (偶然)遇见；碰见
5.catch__one’s__eye 引起某人的注意
6.care__for 照料；喜欢；想要
7.be__intended__for 为……而准备；
专供……使用的
8.carry__on 继续；坚持
重点句型
1.not...until...句型：I__did__not__know__the__answer__until(直到……我才有了答案) one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.
2.“It hit/hits sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”：Suddenly it__hit__me(我突然想到) how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
3.“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句型：Further reading made me realize that it__was__hard__work__and__determination__as__well__as__her__gentle__nature__that(是苦干、决心和她善良的天性) got her into medical school.
4.Why not do sth.？为什么不做某事？：Why__not__study__at__medical__college(为什么不在医学院学习) like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work？
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Ways to cut the death rate of babies.
B．A brief introduction to Lin Qiaozhi.
C．Why Lin Qiaozhi chose to be a doctor.
D．Lin Qiaozhi had a great effect on the writer.
2．Which of the following wasn’t Lin Qiaozhi’s quality?
A．Fashionable.B．Determined.
C．Hard－working. D．Considerate.
3．What is Lin Qiaozhi’s small book about?
A．It is about how to decrease the death number of babies.
B．It is about how to choose a suitable subject.
C．It is about how to care for mothers－to－be.
D．It is about how to learn medicine well.
4．What did the writer decide to choose when she went to university? A．English. B．Biology. C．Medicine. D．Chemistry.
答案：1－4.BAAC
①carry on继续；坚持
②by chance(＝by accident)碰巧；凑巧
③come across(偶然)遇见；碰见
④specialist['speʃəlIst] n．专家；专科医生
⑤career[kə'rIə]n.事业；生涯
⑥catch one’s eye吸引某人的注意(eye需用单数)
⑦rate[reIt]n.比率；速度
at a rate of以……比率/速度
⑧care for照顾；非常喜欢
care about关心，关怀
⑨sickness['sIknIs] n．疾病；恶心
⑩intend[In'tend]v t.计划；打算
be intended for是为……而准备的
⑪emergency[I'mɜːdʒənsI]n.突发事件；紧急情况
⑫reach v．与……取得联系
⑬generation[ˌdʒenə'reIʃn]n.一代；一辈
⑭determination
[dIˌtɜːmI'neIʃn]n.决心；果断
⑮nature n．本性，性格
⑯kindness['kaIndnəs]n.仁慈；好意
out of kindness出于好意
⑰consideration
[kənˌsIdə'reIʃn]n.考虑；体谅
considerate[kən'sIdərət]adj.考虑周到的
⑱deliver[dI'lIvə]v t.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
⑲can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
⑳of one’s own属于某人自己的(通常作后置定语)
on one’s own独自一人(通常作状语)
【核心素养链接】
林巧稚，1901年12月23日出生于福建省思明县鼓浪屿，毕业于协和医科大学。

她在胎儿宫内呼吸、女性盆腔疾病、妇科肿瘤、新生儿溶血症等方面的研究中做出了许多贡献，是中国妇产科学的主要开拓者、奠基人之一。

林巧稚曾带领医务人员深入城乡，考察妇女和儿童的疾病，主编了《家庭卫生顾问》、《家庭育儿大全》等书。

1983年4月22日，林巧稚在协和医院逝世。

遗嘱中她将个人毕生积蓄的3万元人民币捐给医院托儿所，她的骨灰被撒在故乡鼓浪屿的大海中。

WHY NOT CARRY ON①HER GOOD WORK?
I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school，but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.
◆本句使用了“not...until”结构；when I sat down...women of China是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one evening。

By chance②I came across③an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist④in women’s diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career⑤，travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye⑥. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate⑦from having and caring for⑧babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean，healthy and free from sickness⑨. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended B10 for women in the countryside.Perhaps if they had an emergency⑪they could not reach⑫a doctor.
◆过去分词短语called Lin Qiaozhi在此作后置定语，修饰a doctor; a specialist in women’s diseases是Lin Qiaozhi的同位语。

◆It seemed that...意为“好像……”，是固定句式。

由as well as连接的两个现在分词短语travelling abroad to study和writing books and articles作状语。

◆现在分词短语explaining how...caring for babies作后置定语，修饰a small book; how to cut...caring for babies为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作explaining的宾语。

◆that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词women, that在从句中作主语；Lin Qiaozhi thought是从句中的插入语。

Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation⑬when girls’education was always placed second to boys’. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else？Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and
determination⑭as well as her gentle nature⑮that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness⑯and consideration⑰she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s work，went late at night to deliver⑱a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.
◆本句使用了“it hit sb.＋从句”句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句。

此处真正的主语how difficult it was...at that time中it也是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to get...at that time, for引出不定式短语的逻辑主语a woman。

◆when girls’education...to boys’是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a generation(表示时间)。

◆it was hard work...that got her into medical school是强调句型，此处强调句子的主语hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature。

◆What made her succeed later on是What引导的主语从句，What在从句中作主语。

she showed to all her patients为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语，故可省略。

By now I could not wait to⑲find out more about her.I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own⑳. Instead she made sure that about 50，000 babies were safely delivered.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work？It was still not too late for me to improve my studies，prepare for the university entrance examinations, and...
为什么不继续她
的高尚事业？
上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但上大学我该选择哪一科呢？直到一天晚上我坐在电脑旁对中国的伟大女性做一些研究时，我才有了答案。

很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一位妇科专家。

她1901年出生，1983年去世。

似乎她一直忙于自己选择的事业，出国留学，写书和文章。

其中一本介绍从怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中如何降低死亡率的小书引起了我的注意。

她给出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法以保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。

她为什么要写那本书呢？林巧稚认为哪些妇女会需要这个建议呢？我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。

或许她们遇到紧急情况时找不到医生吧。

突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么的困难啊。

那可是一个女孩子受教育总是落后于男孩子(受教育)的年代。

难道她比别人聪明得多？进一步的阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。

后来，她对所有病人表现出的友好和体贴
使她走向了成功。

数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚是如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常是不可能给她报酬的。

现在我迫不及待地想多了解一些有关她的情况。

我发现林巧稚把毕生都奉献给了病人，而自己却选择了独身。

反而她确保了大约五万名婴儿被安全接生。

这个时候，我非常激动。

为什么不像林巧稚那样去医学院学习，继续她的高尚工作呢？对我来说，现在努力提高学习成绩、准备大学入学考试还不算晚，而且……
look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起
(教材P4)Many people look down upon poor people.
许多人瞧不起穷人。

look after照看
look forward to 期望
look into 调查
look through 翻阅
look up 查找；向上看；好转
look up to 仰视；崇拜
①We shouldn’t look down upon the people who are in rags.
我们不应该瞧不起那些衣衫褴褛的人。

②A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已经成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。

[即学即练]——用look的相关短语填空
①You must keep it in mind that you shouldn’t look__down__upon anyone whatever they wear.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) I am looking__forward__to hearing from you as soon as possible.
③It is not a good idea for us to__look__up every new word we come across while reading.
refer to提及；查阅；参考；谈到；提交；把……称作……；指的是(经典例句)The term “Arts” usually refers to humanities and social sciences.
Arts一词通常指人文和社会科学。

(1)refer to...as...把……称作……
(2)reference n. 言及，提及；参考；查阅
[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅
②When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you.指的是
③As far as I know, he is referred to as a living Lei Feng.把……称作
④Now that the boy has been punished, please don’t refer to that matter again.提及
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
⑤The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference(refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
⑥He insisted that the matter referred(refer) to at the meeting be dealt with without delay.
come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；发现
(教材P6)By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women’s diseases.
很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一位妇科专家。

come out长出来；出版；结果是
come to 达到；谈到
come up (太阳)升起；发生；被提及
come up with 想出，提出
When it comes to... 当谈到……
①While walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn’t seen for years.
当我在大街上走的时候，我偶然遇到了戴维，我好多年没见过他了。

②When it comes to the Internet, he is always very excited.
当谈到因特网时，他总是很兴奋。

③He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting.
在会议上他提出了一条好建议。

[能力提升]——一句多译
在去博物馆的路上，我碰巧遇到了我的一位老师。

①On my way to the museum, I came__across one of my teachers.
②On my way to the museum, I met one of my teachers by__chance．
intend v t.计划；打算
(教材P6)I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.
我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。

(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended to do 为了做……
be intended for 专门为……而设计的；
专供……使用的
(3)intention n. 用意；目的；意图
①I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I intend to join/joining a Dragon Boat Training Camp.
我写信是想告诉你我的令人兴奋的暑假计划，我打算参加龙舟训练营。

②The headmaster intended Jim to deliver a speech in front of the whole school.
校长打算让吉姆在全校师生面前做演讲。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Mother’s Day is coming. I will make a card which is intended for my mother.
②They intended the plan to__be__put(put) into practice within this year.
③He left England with the intention(intend) of travelling in Africa.
[能力提升]——一句多译
设立这个项目是为了帮助无家可归者。

④The program, which__was__intended__to__help__the__homeless,__was set up.(定语从句)
⑤The program intended__to__help__the__homeless,__was set up. (过去分词作定语)
deliver v t.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
(教材P6)There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.
数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚是如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常是不可能给她报酬的。

deliver sth.to投递/运送某物给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby
生孩子
①It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.
你考虑得非常周到，每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。

②The nurse delivered the twins safely last night.
昨天晚上那位护士安全地接生了一对孪生儿。

[能力提升]——微写作
被邀请在会议上发表演说我感到莫大的荣幸。

I feel highly honoured to be__invited__to__deliver__a__speech at the meeting.
carry on继续；坚持
(教材P6)Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去医学院学习，继续她的高尚工作呢？
carry on with sth./doing sth.
继续做某事(相当于go on)
carry out 执行；实施
①I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话，我总是太忙了而不能和她进行谈话。

②Carry on until you get to the junction, and then turn left.
继续往前走到交叉路口，然后向左转。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①After his father died, Tom carried on with the business.
②First of all，the most important thing is to set a goal，work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)If you continue working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
(高级表达)If you carry__on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
“It hit/hits sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”
(教材P6)Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that
time.
突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么的困难啊。

“It hit/hits sb.＋从句”结构，意为“某人突然想起……”，it在句中作形式主语。

It strikes sb.that...某人突然想到……
It happens that... 碰巧……
①It hit me why my mother didn’t want to tell me that she was sick.我突然明白我母亲为什么不想告诉我她生病了。

②It happens that I have no money on me.碰巧我身上没钱。

[能力提升]——一句多译
他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。

①It__occurred__to__him__that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur)
②It__hit__him__that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(hit)
③It__struck__him__that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(strike)
“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句型
(教材P6)Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步的阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。

(1)It is/was...that/who...是强调句，用来强调句子中除谓语和定语之外的成分。

被强调的部分是主语且主语为人时用who或that均可，其他情况均用that。

(2)强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it...that/who...?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋was/is it＋that...?
(4)not...until句式的强调结构：It is/was not until...that...
①It was his carelessness as well as his laziness that led to his failure.
他的粗心以及懒惰导致了他的失败。

②It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。

③It was not until ten o’clock last night that he went to bed.
昨天晚上直到10点他才上床睡觉。

[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)My confidence and determination led to my success.
(高级表达)It__was__my__confidence__and__determination__that led to my success.(强调句型)
Ⅰ品句填词
1．The band, which is made up of three girls, has made the audience(观众) of the world very excited.
2．It is the traditional Chinese custom for elders to give the young generation(代) lucky money during the Spring Festival, which shows their best wishes.
3．Considering her health condition, the doctor didn’t agree to deliver(接生) her baby at home.
4．He behaved calmly when dealing with the emergency(紧急情况)．
5．It was very considerate(考虑周到的) of your daughter to turn off the TV when we talked about our work.
6．They set up an organization(组织) to protect endangered wild animals.
7．He drove the injured to the nearest hospital out of kindness(好意)．
8．It is suggested that the work referred(谈到，提到) to should be finished at once.
9．In time of success we remain modest(谦虚的；谦让的)，while in time of difficulty we keep strong­minded.
10．I haven’t been to the exhibition, and neither do I intend (打算) to go.
Ⅱ选词填空
carry on with; look down upon; by chance; move off;
come across; be intended for; refer to; crowd in
1．What made me angry was that he heard our conversation by__chance and told it to others.
2．When I came__across Mary in the coffee shop, I hardly recognized her.
3．The book, which is__intended__for children under 10, is written in simple English.
4．My father’s words encouraged me to carry__on__with my study.
5．At that time, many people looked__down__upon Peter because his family was poor.
6．Please refer__to the dictionary if you don’t know the words.
7．When the gate of the school playground opened, all the football fans crowded__in．
8．By the time I got to the station, I was told that the train had already moved__off．
Ⅲ完成句子
1．正是在这个组织的帮助下很多贫困女性变得独立了。

It__was with the help of this organization that many poor women became independent.
2．突然我意识到了在那时对于母亲来说送我们上学是多么难。

Suddenly it__hit__me__how__difficult it was for our mother to send us to school at that time.
3．今天早上我正沿着河边走着突然一只美丽的大鸟吸引了我的注意力。

I was walking along the river this morning when a big beautiful bird caught__my__eye．
4．昨天使她如此兴奋的事情是她被北京大学录取了。

What__made__her__so__excited__yesterday__was__that she had been admitted to Peking University.
5．怀特夫人是一位善良的女士，她将一生都致力于帮助那些处于困境中的女性。

Mrs. White is a kind woman, and she will devote__all__her__life__to__helping those women in trouble.
Ⅳ课文语法填空
When I was thinking about what I should choose to study at university, I came across 1.an article about Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women’s diseases.
Lin Qiaozhi lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been busy in her career,
2.travelling(travel) abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of her books, which
3.was__intended(intend) for women in the countryside, explained how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean,
4.healthy(health) and free from sickness.
It was very difficult for a woman 5.to__get(get) medical training in Lin’s time, because it was
a generation 6.when girls’education was always placed second 7.to boys’. It was hard work and
8.determination(determine) as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. Lin Qiaozhi often went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. Lin Qiaozhi devoted her whole life to her patients and 9.chose(choose) not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50，000 babies were delivered 10.safely(safe). What a great woman she was!
After learning about her story, I decided to study at medical college.
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．The speech, which was__delivered(deliver) by a professor from Beijing, is really encouraging.
2．As Julie says, this activity can also help establish closer social connection(connect) in a community.
3．The woman got into an argument(argue) with the waiter because of his rude behaviour.
4．When Johnson was 11 years old, he had a sickness(sick) which stopped him from growing
taller.
5．I hope that you can take these problems into consideration(consider) and manage to solve them.
6．Words could not express my appreciation of this stranger’s kindness(kind)．
7．As a basketball player, Henry is just second to William in our school.
8．It was foolish of him to refer to his notes during the test，and as a result, he got punished.
9．The international agreement, intended(intend) to encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit，was signed on February 27.
10．What made her succeed later was her kindness and determination.
Ⅱ阅读理解
A
Sue Hendrickson is a self­taught fossil(化石) hunter.As a kid，Sue
Hendrickson often walked with her head down.“People said，‘Look
up.Smile！’”she says.“Now，I realize I was born to look for things and just
didn’t know it.”
Sue Hendrickson does more than look—she finds valuable things：Shipwrecks(沉船) with treasure，ancient sunken cities，and in 1990，she found Sue，the world’s largest，most complete Tyrannosaurus rex(霸王龙). Is Hendrickson lucky？Well, maybe.But she also knows how to look.
“I limit the area where I’m going to look，”she says.No one knew the location of the sunken ship San Diego in the Philippines.For a year，Hendrickson and other researchers searched papers and sailors’diaries.“The descriptions of the ship’s sailors led us to the wreck，” she says.The team also used a tool that can respond to metal.This tool found the San Diego.All the work paid off：The 400-year-old ship was complete, with valuable gold and silver coins.
To find the dinosaur she calls “the biggest animal that ever walke d on earth”，Hendrickson started with maps made to search for oil.What Hendrickson found was the largest and most complete T．rex found to date.The T．rex is 42 feet long with 200 bones！Because it is so complete，scientists were able to infer that Sue walked at about 6 miles per hour and did not run faster than 15 miles an hour.Before Sue was discovered，they thought T．rex was much faster.To learn more about T．rex Sue，go to the Field Museum in Chicago.
There’s plenty left to be found，Hendrickson says，including answers to mysteries such as how T．rex lived.“I tell kids that they need to grow up and work them out because all of us old persons haven’t yet！”
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要介绍了美国古生物学家苏·亨德里克森。

1．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．An ancient city.
B．Hendrickson’s hobby.
C．The world’s largest T．rex.
D．Hendrickson’s great findings.
D解析：段落大意题。

根据第二段中的she finds valuable things可知，该段主要介绍了苏·亨德里克森的重要考古发现。

2．How did Hendrickson find the sunken ship San Diego?
A．With a self­made tool.
B．By starting with research.
C．By following sailors’lead.
D．With the help of oil maps.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段中的For a year，Hendrickson and other researchers searched papers and sailors’ diaries.“The descriptions of the ship’s sailors led us to the wreck”可知，苏·亨德里克森首先通过研究一些文字记录来确定沉船“圣地亚哥”的位置。

3．What can we learn about the T．rex Sue?
A．It helped scientists learn new things about T．rex.
B．It ran faster than any other T．rex.
C．It let people know how T．rex lived.
D．It was the biggest dinosaur.
A解析：推理判断题。

根据第四段中的scientists were able to infer that Sue walked at about 6 miles per hour and did not run faster than 15 miles an hour.Before Sue was discovered，they thought T．rex was much faster.可知，霸王龙苏的发现让科学家对霸王龙有了新的认识。

4．What does Hendrickson advise kids to do?
A．Find more fossils.
B．Explore mysteries.
C．Visit the Field Museum.
D．Respect scientific research.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的There’s plenty left to be found，Hendrickson says，including answers to mysteries such as how T．rex lived.可知，苏·亨德里克森建议孩子们勤于发现，解开谜团。

B
Do you like doing exercise? After long exercise, it would seem that people should have more food than before. But actually, it is not the case! Most people eat less after it. So why? Maybe we could find answers from Young-Hwan Jo.
Young­Hwan Jo was a scientist. He worked at the Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. It occurred to him that heat might be the reason. “Exercise increases body temperature，”he explained. Jo and his team studied the brain and focused on the brain’s hypothalamus(下丘脑) which produces hormones—chemicals that travel in blood to reach even distant parts of the body. Within them, small groups of nerve cells, including the arcuate nucleus(弓状核), perform different functions. It is a group of cells which are important in controlling hunger.
Jo’s team made experiments with mice. They found that brain cells in the arcuate nucleus responded to a chemical called capsaicin(辣椒素). It passes that heat by the TRPV1 receptor(辣椒素受体), which can sense temperature. And cells in the arcuate nucleus have plenty of TRPV1 receptors.
Jo’s team put some capsaicin in the arcuate nucleus of male and female mice. They found that when it met with the TRPV1 receptors there, the mice ate less. Then Jo and his workmates prevented these receptors in the brains of the mice and the animals ate normally. The researchers then trained the animals to run for 40 minutes at a time. After each exercise, their body temperatures climbed. And the mice ate less.
“People know that after exercise they are not willing to eat，”Jo observed. “This could be one of the reasons.”Jo said that when it came to the answer, TRPV1 could be just a part.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

本文主要讲述了一项研究：为什么我们长时间地运动后并不会非常饿。

5．The researchers focused on the brain’s hypothalamus mainly because ________．
A．they were familiar with it
B．cells produced by it were the key to the study
C．hypothalamus could reach every part of the body
D．its nerve cells performed different functions in bodies
B解析：推理判断题。

根据第二段中的Jo and his team studied the brain and focused on the brain’s hypothalamus...which are important in controlling hunger.可知，他们研究下丘脑，是因为下丘脑产生的一种细胞是此项研究的关键。

6．What happened after the TRPV1 receptors in the brains of the mice were prevented?
A．The mice felt no heat.
B．The mice ate as much as usual.
C．The mice could sense capsaicin better.
D．The mice’s behaviours were uncontrolled.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据第四段中的Then Jo and his workmates prevented these receptors in the brains of the mice and the animals ate normally.可知，在这种情况下那些老鼠的胃口没有受到影响，和之前吃得一样多。

7．What will the researchers most probably conclude from the study?
A．Eating capsaicin can make people keep fit.
B．TRPV1 is the main reason for having less food.
C．Taking long exercise can help people lose weight.
D．Body heat caused by exercise makes people eat less.
D解析：推理判断题。

根据第四段中的After each exercise, their body temperatures climbed. And the mice ate less.可知，研究人员最有可能得出的结论是运动所产生的体热导致人们吃得较少。

Ⅲ七选五
I joined a volunteer program in Rwanda about two years ago. There I met a girl named Diane. During my stay there, I told her a lot about my country. 1.________ Finally she told me that she’d try her best to study in the US one day.
Earlier this year, I went back to that country again as a volunteer. 2.________ She stopped in her tracks as she saw me and pointed in my direction, “I remember you！”
Before I could speak, she caught my hand and we began running up the stairs into her room filled with her fellow brother and sisters playing with the students. She sat me on her bed as she began to say how happy she was to see me again. 3.________
We talked and talked. Then Diane said, “I haven’t forgotten my dream. 4.________” Last time, I told her that one day she would make it and that I would see her in America. This time I said, “Before you go to America, you have to try your hardest.”She nodded. While I did believe Diane could make her dream come true, I also wanted her to have her own dream for the life in Rwanda where she could also struggle.
5．________ I really want to know how she is going on now and whether she has achieved her dream. Even if we are far away, I believe I will see her again. I’m really looking forward to seeing her. And I strongly believe she’ll have a bright future.
A．She felt a bit sad.
B．She was very interested.
C．We were really like two old friends.
D．That was when I saw Diane again.
E．I really want to become famous one day.
F．One day I’ll go to America and study there.
G．Now I’m back in America and I often think of Diane.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

作者去卢旺达做志愿者，在那里遇到了一个女孩，女孩将来想去美国学习，作者鼓励了她。

1．B解析：根据本空前的I told her a lot about my country以及后面那个女孩说想要去美国学习的语境可知，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，即：她很感兴趣。

2．D解析：根据本空前的I went back to that country again as a volunteer以及那个女孩说的“I remember you！”可知，作者说她是那个时候又见到了Diane。

3．C解析：此空设于段末，是对这一段讲述的内容进行总结。

根据作者的描述可知，她们俩就像老朋友又见面了一样。

4．F解析：根据本空前的I haven’t forgotten my dream.可知，那个女孩又提到了她将来想去美国学习的事情。

5．G解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句，后面提到的都是作者回到美国后经常想起Diane。