外研版(2023)高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and Beyond 作业(含答

外研版（2023）高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit6 Space and Beyond 作业（含答案）Unit 6 Space and Beyond作业
一、完形填空
Recently, an article written by China’s first 1 , Yang Liwei, describing his one day in space, aroused numerous discussions on social media platforms, with many marveling at the country’s 2 advancement in space technology.
Entitled “One Day in Space”, Yang’s article was recently included in the seventh-grade textbook in Chinese middle schools, and it was 3 on Sina Weibo on Saturday, drawing tens of thousands of views within the first few hours. Many Weibo users were astonished at Yang’s 4 . “As the first person to go into space and live through so many unknowns, he must have a great will,” said one netizen.
Yang was 38 when he became the first Chinese person to go into space on the Shenzhou V, on October 15, 2023, making China the third country—after the US and Russia—to 5 manned space capabilities.
In his article, Yang 6 several breathtaking moments when he thought he would not make it back alive. “ 7 the rocket lifted to a height about 30-40 kilometers above the ground, I felt it begin to
vibrate violently, and it was extremely 8 ,” he said. Vibrations in the spacecraft below 10 Hz can damage the internal organs, and even threaten a person’s life, Yang explained.
The near-deadly moment lasted for 26 seconds. When it was finally over, Yang felt like he had been reborn. When ground control finally saw Yang blink his eyes through the surveillance camera, his colleagues 9 crying, “He’s blinking! Yang is alive!”
In the article, Yang also described “ 10 knocking sounds” from outside the craft. He still does not know where they came from. He also described what the Earth, his country, and his city looked like 11 space.” I flew over Beijing and saw the mountains in daytime and sparkling lights at night. And there live my comrades and my loved ones.”Yang shared another interesting experience in the 12 . After several 13 from his cabin, he could not see the Great Wall, which many believed was the only man-made structure on the Earth that could be seen from space. “The Shenzhou VI and VII astronauts couldn’t see it either,” Yang wrote.
Eighteen years after his 14 trip to space, Yang said with a smile that he “envied” a lot that his fellow spacemen who now have such 15 space accommodations, which shows how China’s space programme has grown.
1．A．engineer B．astronaut C．doctor D．designer
2．A．significant B．usual C．small D．good
3．A．given B．found C．posted D．obtained
4．A．policy B．plan C．courage D．appearance
5．A．learn B．master C．run D．teach
6．A．said B．knew C．recalled D．doubted
7．A．Because B．If C．Although D．When
8．A．painful B．exciting C．disappointing D．pitiful
9．A．let off B．sent off C．burst out D．broke out 10．A．interesting B．mysterious C．attractive D．fantastic 11．A．on B．at C．outside D．from
12．A．video B．article C．paper D．photo
13．A．attempts B．climbs C．experiments D．falls
14．A．first B．recent C．next D．another
15．A．different B．satisfied C．important D．comfortable
二、阅读理解
Traveling to Mars is usually a lonely business with a single spacecraft taking off to the Red Planet. That appeared to be the case again on July 30, when NASA’s Perseverance rover (火星车) roared at Cape Canaveral. But this time the ship will have plenty of company. On July 19, the United Arab Emirates joined the Mars game, launching Hope spacecraft to orbit Mars. Four days later, China launched its Tianwen-1 spacecraft. And a fourth mission, a joint Russian-European project, ExoMars, was also
planned for this summer.
So why all the interest in Mars — and why right now The timing issue has everything to do with planetary mechanics (行星力学). As they fly their differing solar orbits — Earth on the inner track, Mars on the outer — the distance between the two worlds is forever changing. At their greatest remove, when they are on opposite sides of the sun, they are up to 250 million miles apart.
But once every two years, they line up on the same side of the sun, with just 35 million miles separating them. This summer just such an alignment (排成直线) is taking place, reducing planetary travel time to seven- month. So that explains the when question.
The why part is because of Mars’ potentially biological history. The surface of the planet is covered with dry riverbeds, ancient sea basins, and deep depressions that could only indicate long-vanished water. Previous rover analyses in similar locations have discovered chemicals that form only in water, proving that Mars was once extremely wet. Now the mission is to look for fossilized organisms or signs of microbial life. Perseverance will collect Martian soil samples, awaiting another spacecraft that could leave Earth as early as 2026, collect the samples and fly them home for analysis.
Finding life on Mars would be a highly significant discovery. The bragging (吹嘘) rights that go with being first to make the find is part of what
makes the planet the hot new destination it’s become.
16．What does the underlined word “the case” in Paragraph 1 refer to A．The Mars game. B．Traveling to Mars alone.
C．Having plenty of company. D．A single spacecraft.
17．What can be learned about planetary mechanics
A．Earth and Mars fly similar solar orbits.
B．Earth travels on the outer track and Mars the inner.
C．Every three years Earth and Mars sit at the same side of the sun. D．The distance between the two worlds varies constantly. 18．Previous rover analyses indicate that ________.
A．the surface of Mars is full of microbial life B．Perseverance is going to finish its task
C．there may exist life on Mars D．Martian soil samples are easy to get 19．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Traveling to Mars is becoming hugely easy. B．Finding life on Mars is around the corner.
C．Many nations are going to Mars this summer. D．Living on Mars appeals to people
If you had boarded a passenger plane in 1950, you would have seen five people in the cockpit (驾驶舱): two pilots, a radio operator, a navigator and a flight engineer. Over the years, technical advances have gradually removed the need for the last three, leaving just two pilots. That has
been the norm (标准) in commercial aviation for decades.
However, things could be simplified further — one of the two remaining pilots could soon go. Many military aircraft are already manned by a single pilot, and for commercial aviation this would mean stepping into a brave new world.
But how will airlines make this brave innovation come true One way is to greatly increase automation in the cockpit, devoting more tasks to computers. Another is to shift the same tasks from the cockpit to the ground. “The latter approach seems to be more workable, at least in the short term, because much of what is required already exists,” says Patrick Smith, an airline pilot flying Boeing 767 aircraft. “A trained ground operator could observe a number of flights at once and even fully control the plane remotely if needed.”
It’s true that single-pilot operations could help airlines save money, but there is another reason which makes them quicken their pace for this crucial breakthrough. Boeing predicts a need for 600,000 new pilots in the next two decades, but by some estimates, there will be a deficit (赤字) of at least 34,000 pilots globally by 2025. Reducing the number of pilots on some crews or aircraft could lessen the impact of this. Perhaps the biggest barrier to a single pilot will be selling the idea to passengers. In 2023, Don Hairis, a professor at Coventry University, conducted a survey on the prospect of flying on an airliner with just one
pilot. Just a minority of participants said they’d be willing to take that flight, and the general idea was that removing a pilot increased the possibility of accidents. In the study, Harris concluded that the single-crew airliner would be still probably 20 years away.
20．What is the potential trend in commercial aviation according to the text
A．It will make air travel eco-friendly.
B．It will switch to single-pilot operations.
C．It will tighten its flight control for safety concerns.
D．It will bring in many military aircraft to the industry.
21．What does Patrick Smith think is a quick way to realize airlines’ brave innovation
A．Raising the standards in admitting new pilots. B．Making pilots adaptable to different situations.
C．Using computers to automate the flight process. D．Gaining piloting support from ground operators.
22．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to A．The shortage of pilots. B．The need for new airlines.
C．The airlines’ brave innovation. D．The financial problem airlines face. 23．What can be inferred from Don Harris’ study
A．The prospect of single-crew airliners is bright.
B．It's urgent that airlines reduce airplane accidents.
C．Passengers are willing to try new types of airplanes.
D．Airlines have a long way to go before the innovation occurs.
If there’s one fun thing you can do at night by the campfire, it’s gazing at the stars with astronomy apps.
Star Walk 2
Star Walk 2 shows you the positions of various astronomical objects from your chosen location. It features solar system objects, deep sky objects and even satellites. It tells you each object’s rising and setting times to help you plan your stargazing activity. If. you pay to upgrade to the superior version, you’ll have access to more information and photos of these objects.
Stellarium Mobile
Stellarium Mobile has information on more than 1.4 billion stars, 3 million galaxies (星系) and even the majority, of visible man-made satellites. Buttons don’t crowd the screen, making it a lot more enjoyable to view the night sky in all its glory. There’s also a Night Mode feature that enables to turn your phone screen red for easier use in the dark. You can use Stellarium Mobile for free. But if you want to control a telescope, view objects in 3D, you’ll need to upgrade to a paid account. Nightshift Stargazing
The app provides all the information you’ll need to make the most out of your night. It tells you the weather conditions in your area, including
cloud cover and rainfall. It will give you valuable insights, such as when the sun and moon will rise and set, what phase (月相) the moon will be in, how long it will be dark outside, which planets will be visible, what time you can observe each visible planet, and whether there will be any active meteor (流星) showers.
Heavens-Above
Heavens-Above contains the Sky Chart, which is a chart of the sky above you. It shows you the names of the planets and stars you can potentially see when you look up. To figure out the exact position of the planets and satellites, adjust your mobile device toward the sky, and a pointer on the Sky Chart will move accordingly. Keep moving the pointer to where your object of interest is to help you determine its location in real life. You can use the app for free, but you will have, to pay if you want to use the professional version.
24．Who are the apps mainly intended for
A．Nature photographers. B．Amateur astronomers.
C．Space scientists. D．Camping lovers.
25．Which app is completely free to use
A．Star Walk 2. B．Stellarium Mobile. C．Nightshift Stargazing. D．Heavens-Above.
26．What is the function of Heavens-Above
A．It tells each object’s rising and setting times. B．It predicts the weather
conditions of the areas.
C．It helps locate the exact position of the objects. D．It makes viewing the night sky more enjoyable.
The earth has many mysteries for people to explore and we live on the earth for protection. Do you know that the earth has two North Poles There’s the geographic North Pole, which never changes. And there’s the magnetic (有磁性的) North Pole, which is always on the move. Over the past 150 years, the magnetic North Pole has casually wandered 685 miles across northern Canada. But right now it’s racing 25 miles a year to the northwest. This could be a sign that we’re about to experience something humans have never seen before: a magnetic polar flip (翻转). And when this happens, it could affect much more than just your compass.
Right now on the surface of the planet, it looks like it’s just a bar magnet. Our compasses are just pointing to one pole at a time because there’s mainly a two-pole system. But sometimes, the earth doesn’t just have a single magnetic North and South Pole. Evidence suggests that, for hundreds to thousands of years at a time, our planet has had four, six, and even eight poles. This is what has happened when the magnetic poles flipped in the past. And when it happens again, it won’t be good news for humans.
Now you might think, eight poles must be better than two. But the
reality is that multiple magnetic fields would fight each other. This could weaken the earth’s protective magnetic field by up to 90% during a polar flip.
The earth’s magnetic field is what protects us from harmful space radiation which can damage cells and cause cancer. With a weaker field in place, some scientists think this could expose planes to higher levels of radiation, making flights less safe.
This could also interrupt the internal sense of direction in many animals that use the magnetic field for navigation (导航). Even worse, it could make certain places on the planet too dangerous to live in. But what exactly will take place on the surface is less clear than what will undoubtedly happen in space.
Satellites and space missions will need extra shelter that we’ll have to provide ourselves. Without it, intense universal and solar radiation will fry circuit boards and increase the risk of cancer in astronauts. 27．Which of the following can best describe the earth’s magnetic field A．The focus of scientific research. B．The navigation of satellites. C．The center of the universe. D．The protective umbrella of humans. 28．What will some animals be faced with when the magnetic poles flip A．Losing the ability to hunt for food.
B．Bearing very loud noise day and night.
C．Being unable to find directions exactly.
D．Being unable to protect themselves from danger.
29．What can we learn from the text
A．Astronauts are more likely to suffer from cancer.
B．The magnetic North Pole is moving faster than before.
C．Flights aren’t allowed to travel as usual when the magnetic poles flip. D．There are always more than two magnetic poles on the earth at a time.
30．What may be the best title for the text
A．What will happen when the poles flip B．The ways that scientists research poles
C．How and when will the poles flip D．The reasons why scientists research poles
Online classes in space got lots of attention among Chinese students. The “classroom” in space station is about 400 kilometers away from the earth. The space classes make the young be proud of our country. As a special “teacher”, Wang Yaping is regarded as “the most beautiful astronaut”.
Wang Yaping, 43 years old now, was born in a small village in Shandong. She studied hard all those years. She was good at all subjects, especially sports. Luckily, in 1997, she was accepted by the Air Force, Changchun Flight Academy.
Wang’s space dream started in 2023, when China sent its first astronaut
Yang Liwei into space. She told herself, “China now has a male astronaut. When will there be a female one ” At that time, Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours during nine years in the training center, Wang was a strong candidate (候选人) to become an astronaut in 2023. In 2023, Wang realized her space dream. She was sent to space by Shenzhou-10. She joined the team of Shenzhou-13 in 2023 and flew into the space for the second time.
However, it is difficult to be an astronaut. She has to experience a lot of pain that most people can’t stand and keep training all the time. Wang Yaping told Xinhua, “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman.” She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men, including the pull-ups and barbells (杠铃). That finally made her dream come true.
“You are on the way to success as long as you stick to your dreams.” Wang Yaping said. She set a good example to the young. Millions of students are encouraged and inspired by the most beautiful astronaut. 31．When was Wang Yaping born
A．In 1977. B．In 1980. C．In 1990. D．In 2023.
32．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A．Wang did well in all subjects except sports.
B．Wang took part in Shenzhou-10 tasks in 2023.
C．Wang flew into the space for the second time in 2023.
D．Wang’s training was different from men astronauts.
33．What made Wang Yaping achieve her dream
A．Beautiful look. B．Good luck.
C．Nice family. D．Strong spirit.
34．What’s the best title of this passage
A．The Most Beautiful Astronaut.
B．The Special Space Classes.
C．The Introduction to Science.
D．The Life in Space Station.
“Fifty years ago, astronauts travelled to space in government-funded rockets designed, built and maintained by NASA．But today, the ‘astronauts’ are very often billionaires having a journey into low orbit on a rocket that they paid for themselves. This change feels like a giant leap, but it makes sense,” says Laura Seward Forczyk, founder of Astralytical, a space consulting company. She believes more and more of modern civilization relies on space.
Huge numbers of satellites orbit the planet, connecting us to everything from mobile phones to GPS, and there is a large sum of money in maintaining those systems. Forczyk thinks this doesn’t get a lot of headlines typically, but there are profitable reasons why private companies want to go into space.
The private commercial companies learn more about putting rockets and
satellites into space to help NASA with the missions while NASA increases its management and guidance of them. That’s important because NASA itself has become financially limited. From its 1966 peak, when spending on the space race took up more than four percent of the US government’s budget, that spending is now less than half percent of the country’s total budget.
“NASA is using commercial companies to build a lot of hardware to perform those services of taking scientific payloads (载量) to the surface of the moon,” says Forczyk. “The hope is that people will follow — possibly by 2025, but more realistically by 2030. If you’re wondering why we’re going back to the moon — after all, mankind has already walked on its surface — the answer is that we explored only part of it.” “We know a lot more, but we also know so very little,” adds Forczyk. She wants to go back with people to learn more. But more importantly, she hopes and believes people can go to live and work there one day.
The universe is so big that we can’t stop exploring it. Some even see the moon as an eventual staging area for human exploration of deep space. Mars is regarded as the next stepping-off point towards the final frontier, though whether we’ll get there in our lifetime is another question. 35．What is the change of the American space travel today
A．It needs billions of government funds.
B．All astronauts should pay for it themselves.
C．It requires astronauts to carry mobile phones.
D．The rich can experience it at their own expense.
36．What is the relationship between NASA and the private commercial companies
A．Competitive. B．Interdependent.
C．Unrelated. D．Mistrustful.
37．What is Forczyk’s attitude to the moon exploration A．Confident. B．Curious. C．Negative. D．Worried.
38．What does the last paragraph want to convey
A．There is no limit to space exploration.
B．The moon is the final exploration area.
C．Humans will cease exploring deep space.
D．It is absolutely impossible to get to Mars.
On Monday, August 21, millions of Americans across the country wore their protective eyeglasses to watch the highly expected total solar eclipse (日全食). Though eclipses, which occur about every 18 months, are not rare, this one was historic. It was not only the first total solar eclipse visible from the mainland US in more than38 years, but also the first to be seen coast to coast in almost a century.
The crowds were thrilled as the moon briefly blocked the sun, covering cities all the way from Oregon to South Carolina with darkness. Many people felt cold as the temperature dropped dramatically, by up to
12degrees Fahrenheit, during totality. Those fortunate enough to have clear skies not only saw the corona (日冕), the sun’s outer atmosphere, which is usually not visible in the sun’s glare, but also the bright stars and planets.
Unfortunately, the weather was not cooperative everywhere. The crowds who gathered in Charleston, South Carolina, the last big city in the path of totality, had to struggle against a thick cloud cover when the partial eclipse began at 1:17 pm. It did thin out a little as totality took place at 2:46 pm, allowing for a good view of the eclipse, but not the sun’s corona! However, some spectacular flashes of lightning that occurred just as the moon covered the sun helped ease the disappointment somewhat.
The rare event, believed to be the most observed and most photographed eclipse in history, was a huge success. As Bill Nye or “the Science Guy” briefly put it, “Experiencing an eclipse changes the way we feel about space and how we are connected. This moment will remind us all that we share a common origin among the stars and that we are all citizens of the same planet.”
39．What can we know about the total solar eclipse
A．People in Oregon were unable to see it.
B．Many Americans looked forward to it.
C．The temperature on that day went higher.
D．It last occurred in America 100 years ago.
40．What did the people in Charleston fail to see
A．The moon. B．The corona.
C．A thick cloud cover. D．Flashes of lightning.
41．What does Bill Nye think of the event
A．Disappointing. B．Dangerous. C．Boring. D．Meaningful. 42．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A weather report. B．A travel magazine.
C．A news report. D．A sightseeing guidebook.
三、根据课文内容填空
根据课文内容填空
Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an 43 dream. However, some scientists were determined to help 44 realise their dream to explore space. After many 45 , they succeeded in making rockets that could 46 Earth’s gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. 47 , the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the 48 person in the world to go into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American 49 Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, 50 saying, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant 51 for mankind.” Following
this, many more goals were achieved. For example, America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space, and it still transmits 52 today.
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight, creating 3D models from digital images, 53 (build) a winged drone (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones 54 (base) on the dragonfly’s shape and movement will simply be 55 (flexible) and energy efficient, compared to the previous ones.
Chahl’s team used a special photography technique to classify 56 wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long, light and hard. Plus, their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance, making it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads 57 carry out long observation missions. Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually 58 (reveal) the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even 59 (perform)
while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept 60 planes that are designed to sail to 61 (safe) with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer ones, 62 can right themselves.
五、词性转换
词性转换
63．n. 肌肉
64．adj. 影响深远的
65．adj. 有免疫力的
66．vi. vt. 悄声说，低语，耳语
67．vi. 脸红
68．n.紧张；焦虑；焦急→ adj. 紧张的69．adj. 身体的，肉体的→ adv. 身体上；根本上
70．adj. 心理的，精神的→ adv. 心理上地，精神上地→ n. 心理学家，心理学者
71．n. 情绪；语气；心境→ adj. 喜怒无常的；易怒的
72．n. 能量；精力；活力→ adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有活力的→ vt. 使充满活力;使增强决心73．n. 感染；传染→ v. 感染；传染→
adj. 传染的；传染性的
74．adv. 偶然地，意外地→ adj. 偶然的，意外的→ n．偶然，意外
75．n. 费用，花费→ adj. 昂贵的
六、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子
选词填空
76．He (must/might) get here in time, but I can’t be sure.
77．—How long (may/must) I keep this book
—You may keep it for two weeks.
78．He (can’t/mustn’t) have missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours early.
79．John, look at the time. (Must/Can) you play the piano at such a late hour
80．She (might/must) have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
81．—That must be a mistake.
—No, it (can’t/mustn’t) be a mistake.
82．Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He (must/can)have practised many times last week.
83．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it (may/can)be rather cold sometimes.
84．I can make a lantern now, but I (can’t/couldn’t)when I was young.
85．—Can we go out and play football now
—No, you (can’t/mightn’t).
七、其他应用文
86．假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom来信和你讨论他对太空探索的看法，他认为花巨资探索太空是没有必要的，请你据此给他写一封回信。

内容包括：
(1)你对他的观点的看法；
(2)你对太空探索的看法和理由。

注意：(1)词数80左右;
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Tom,
I have known your ideas about exploring space.
___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
八、开放性作文
87．假定你是李华，为激励学生更深入地探索宇宙的奥秘，激发同学们对探索太空和科学的热爱，学校决定于本周五下午4点，在学校会议厅组织包括交流学生内的全体在校生观看神舟十五号载人飞船返回地球的录像回放，请以校学生会的名义写一则英语通知，内容包括：
1. 观看视频的时间与地点；
2. 观看视频过程中的注意事项；
3. 要求写一篇观后感。

注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当为加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：神舟十五号载人飞船返回地球的录像回放the replay of the Shenzhou XV manned spaceship returning to Earth on video
Notice
___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________
The Students’ Union
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．D 18．C 19．C
20．B 21．D 22．A 23．D
24．B 25．C 26．C
27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．A
35．D 36．B 37．A 38．A
39．B 40．B 41．D 42．C
43．impossible 44．humans 45．experiments 46．escape 47．Afterwards 48．first 49．astronaut 50．famously 51．leap 52．data
53．to build 54．based 55．more flexible 56．the 57．and 58．reveals 59．be performed 60．to 61．safety 62．which
63．muscle 64．far-reaching 65．immune 66．whisper
67．blush 68．tension tense 69．physical physically 70．psychological psychologically psychologist 71．mood moody 72．energy energetic energise/energize 73．infection infect infectious 74．accidentally accidental accident 75．expense expensive
76．might 77．may 78．can’t 79．Must 80．might 81．can’t 82．must 83．can 84．couldn’t 85．can’t 86．Dear Tom,
I have known your ideas about exploring space. I didn’t agree that exploring space is a waste of time and money. Actually, it’s more important than you can imagine.
The space technology can help to improve the techniques in other fields. With the help of satellites, GPS is widely used all over the world. Besides, space technology represents a country’s scientific and technological level. Last but not least, exploring space helps us to think the future of mankind.
In short, exploring space is so important that we should continue this great project.
Yours sincerely,。