2019年高考英语母题题源系列专题07 阅读理解议论类解析版

专题07阅读理解（议论类）
【母题来源一】【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than350years.That former prisoner was
Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）.A nd the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark.I'm not talking about those
who fail to get to the top.We can't all get there.I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and
then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't
change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to pl e ase，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have
meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursin doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such
excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph3probably mean？
A.End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph5？
A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

51.B
【解析】推理判断题。

第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。

52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。

根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是
那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。

53.C
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第四段we lose the sense of wonder.But,if we are willing to learn,the opportunities are
everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。

54.D
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change.We learn to avoid self-pity.
We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first
but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么
去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

55.A
【解析】主旨大意题。

本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【母题来源二】【2019·江苏卷，C】
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions.However, they have real impacts,as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)revolution,represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday"that they should try to
live on ideas.This belief in"post-industrial society"has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制
造业)with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly,the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the"digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries.This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet
facilities.The question, however,is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells,extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages,I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important,but many
donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example,a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a"borderless world".As
a result,in the last twenty years or so,many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is
the result of great technological progress,going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.Believing in
such a world,many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital,labour and goods,with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the
national and the international levels,and for making the right career choices at the individual level.However,our
fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common,can,and has,led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to__________.
A. a lack of confidence in technology
B. a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
62.The example in Paragraph4 suggests that donators should__________.
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D. provide more affordable internet facilities
63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D.Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
64. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的
影响。

61.D
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段However,they have reak impacts,as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。

62.A
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells,
extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages,I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important,but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩
子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改
善他们的生活。

作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因
此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。

63.B
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第五段In yet another example,a fascination with the new has led people to believe that
the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a"borderless world".以及Believing in such a world,many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital,labour and goods,with poor results.可知，对新东西的迷恋
让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。

正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。

64.B
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第三段The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution,represented by the Internet,has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so
"yesterday"that they should try to live on ideas.This belief in"post-industrial society"has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，
因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知传统的技术依然传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。

【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。

【考试方向】
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。

议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。

议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：
写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。

写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。

议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。

在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论
据和论证很重要。

此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。

在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。

注意事项：
1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。

(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)
2. 要先看题目，后读文章。

(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)
高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。

要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。

3.阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
(1)标志类、指示类的信息。

①表示并列关系：and,also,coupled with等；
②表示转折关系：but,yet,however,by contrast等；
③表示因果关系：therefore,thereby,consequently, as a result等；
④表示递进关系：in addition to,even, what’s more,furthermore等；
⑤表示重要性的词：prime,above all,first等。

以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。

(2)具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), objective(客观)等。

4.常见问题：
(1)读不懂怎么？
问题本身太空泛，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪儿。

首先要能意识到自身问题所在。

unconscious incompetent(无意识无能力)属于问题认知的第一阶段；
conscious incompetent(有意识无能力)属于问题认知的第二阶段；
conscious competent(有意识有能力)属于问题认知的第三阶段；
unconscious competent(无意识有能力)属于问题认知的第四阶段。

从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。

(2)读懂了文章之后还做错题怎么办？
(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办？
(4)做题技巧用不上怎么办？
能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。

在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际进行分析，从而对症下药。

【得分要点】
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。

这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause&Effect)型。

还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。

针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。

这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。

考生往往最怕此类体裁。

山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。

解题方法：
1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。

此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。

考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。

推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。

考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。

【母题1】【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模】
Laughter is part of the universal human vocabulary.All members of the human species understand it.Unlike English or French or Sw ahili, we don’t have to learn to speak it. We’re born with the capacity to laugh.
Very little is known about the specific brain mechanisms responsible for laughter.Contrary to folk wisdom, most laughter is not about humor;it is about relationships.To find out when and why people laugh,I went with several
assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed.Over a10-year period,we studied over2,000cases of naturally occurring laughter.
We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes.People may laugh after a variety of statements,
such as, “Here comes Mary,”“How did you do on the test?”or “Do you have a rubber band?” These certainly aren’t jokes.
We believe laughter evolved from the panting喘(气的)behavior of our ancient ancestors.Today,if we tickle使(
发痒)chimps,they don’t laugh. But,instead,they produce a panting sound.That’s the sound of ape laughter, and it’s the root of human laughter.
Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laughter,like games that involve chasing.Other animals
produce sounds during play,but they are so different from laughter.Rats, for example,produce high sounds during play and when tickled,but these are very different in sound from human laughter.
Laughter i s often positive,but it can be negative too.There’s a difference between“laughing with”and “laughing at”.People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group.
No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh,but young children probably laugh the
most.At ages 5and6we probably laugh more than at any other times.Adults laugh less than children,probably because they play less.
Work now underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter,how it has evolved,and why we’re so susceptible to tickling.
1.What was the purpose of the decade’s research?
A. To prove that people laugh because of humour.
B. To find out the real reason for people s laughter.
C. To research people s different reaction on jokes.
D. To record conversations among shoppers in malls.
2.What can we learn from the text?
A. People who play more tend to laugh more.
B. Apes produce high sounds when tickled.
C. Scientists know the brain mechanisms responsible for laughter well.
D. The situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which humans laugh.
3.What does the underlined word“susceptible” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Sensitive.
C.Addictive.B.Flexible.
D.Reliable.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. The Impact of Laughter
B. The Meaning of Laughter
C. A Big Mystery:Why Do We Laugh?
D. Laughter:The Most Beautiful Words
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。

笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言。

本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个话题。

1.B
【解析】推理判断题。

根据文章第二段的To find out when and why people laugh可知本文写作目的是弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。

故B项正确。

2.A
【解析】推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第二段的At ages5 and 6we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children,probably because they play less.可知，玩得多的人笑得多。

A项正确。

3.A
词义猜测题。

联系上下文可知susceptible（易受……影响的）与sensitive的意思最为接近。

故选A。

4.C
【解析】主旨大意题。

笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了人类为什么而笑这个问题。

故C项为最佳标题。

【母题2】【东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考】
Connecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology.Tasks that once required a postage stamp or carrier pi geon are now as simple as tapping a name or even a face on your screen, and you’re connected.But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violating certain new rules for
communicating.A big one for some:Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call. But that’s just the beginning.
“I’m usually pretty mild and not much bothers me,” said Mark Angielle, a29-year-old office manager from White Plains,New York.But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word
message—“K.”“At the very least reply with,Got it.”he said “At least give me a few words here. You’re not that busy.”
There are hundreds, perhaps even thousands,of others who have taken Lo social media to express their distaste for people who don’t follow the unwritten rules of digital communication.
“These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon we’ve seen in the past,” said James Ivory, professor of communication a Virginia Tech.In the same way that generations and small groups of friends have their own slang
and customs,internet culture has given birth to technology-dependent beings that have their own unique set of routine.
But not everyone gets the point.Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues线(索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call,text or email may or may not easily understand.
“As soon as people aren’t talking face to face, the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness of the body language,”Ivory said, “Pe ople immediately fill that gap by using emoji(表情符号)to sum up a feeling in seconds.
“There's great potential for danger,”Ivory warned. “What's considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.”
1.What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph2?
A. He is a businessman with a bad temper.
B. He complains about social manners.
C. He can’t bear one-word messages.
D.He dislike a busy business life.
2.According to the text,which of the following breaks the rules for communicating?
A. John says “I got it.”to his boss face to face.
B. Jim calls Bill without confirming in advance.
C. Mary texts Lily to make sure if she can call her.
D. Jack sends“Thanks a lot”to his business friends.
3.Why may people misunderstand each other during digital communication?
A. Emoji cannot sum up feelings.
B. People use their own slang and customs.
C. There are large quantities of written rules.
D. People gets wrong messages without clear clues.
4.What are people expected to do after reading tie passage?
A. To obey their own digital communication rules.
B. To be aware of rules during digital communication.
C. To use advancing technology even with disadvantages.
D. To keep pace with digital communication development.
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。

随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但在数字通信中更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。

对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。

1.C
【解析】推理判断题。

由第二段“But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible
one-word message”可知，在生活中他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的信息。

所以通过关键词“hate, terrible”可以判断出，马克不能忍受一个字的信息。

故C选项正确。

2.B
【解析】推理判断题。

由第一段“Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call”可知，在你发短信
确认可以打电话之前不要打电话。

很多人都违反了这个交流规则。

所以B选项“吉姆没有事先确认就打电话给比尔”违反了沟通交流的规则。

故B选项正确。

3.D
【解析】细节理解题。

由第五段“Unlike language,digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues线(索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call,text or email may or may not easily understand.”可知，与语言不同的是，数字通信可以充满模糊的线索。

电话、文本或电子邮件另一端的人可能很容易理解什么意
思，也可能不容易理解是什么意思。

所以为什么人们在数字通信中会产生误解是因为人们在没有明确线索的情况下会收到错误的信息。

故D选项正确。

4.B
【解析】推理判断题。

通读全文可知，随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但更容易违
反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。

对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。

所以判断出短文目的
就是期望人们能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。

所以读了这篇文章后，人们被期望能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。

故B选项正确。

【母题3】【河南省开封市2019届高三第三次模拟考试】
Squirrels aren’t natural city dwellers(居民).In1986the sight of one in a tree near New York’s city hall so surprised passers-by that a newspaper published a report about the“unusual visitor”.
Around that time,the tree-d welling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas to“create pockets of
peace and calm like the countryside,”says University of Pennsylvania hi storian Etienne Benson,who studied our relationship to squirrels over the course of five years.
First,they were introduced to Philadelphia,then to New Haven,Boston,and New York City.Park visitors were encouraged to feed them,and security guards ensured their safety.In the1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of
A merica(an organization teaching boys practical skills)said that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature with sympathy,says Benson.
B y the early20th century,though, America began to regret the friendliness it had shown squirrels.Cities had once been filled with animals—from horses pulling goods to dairy cows.By the 1950s those working animals had
been moved to the countryside.Pets and wild animals such as birds and squirrels were all that remained of the urban animal kingdom.
Before long, people’s enthusiasm for squirrels wore off, and they started to see them as annoyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures. Today,it is rare to find kids with their parents offering food to
squirrels under a tree.And,unfortunately,with more and more buildings being constructed in the city,fewer inhabitable(适宜栖息的)areas are left for the little tree-dwelling animals.
What would be lost if th e last of these city dwellers were forced to leave?“I think there’s something constructive to have other living creatures in the city that are not humans and not pets but share the land with us,” says Benson.
“It’s a good thing to live in a landscape where you see other creatures going around making lunch. It’s good for the soul.”
1.What’s the purpose of introducing squirrels to Philadelphia?
A.To entertain park visitors.
C.To encourage kids to protect animals.B.To keep the natural balance.
D.To make the urban life more peaceful.
2.What was the Boy Scouts leader’s attitude towards feeding squirrels?
A. Disagreeable.
B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive.
D.Uncaring.
3.What might have happened to squirrels in cities around the1960s?
A. They might have inhabited more homes.
B. They might have begun to go out of favor.
C. They might have been introduced to more cities.
D. They might have been moved to the countryside.
4.What does Benson suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Squirrels living in cities are annoying.
B. Feeding squirrels should be discouraged.
C. Squirrels should be allowed to live in cities.
D. It is possible for people to keep squirrels as pets.
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。

文章主要讨论了松鼠是否应该留在城市生活的问题。

1.D
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段中的Around that time,the tree-dwelling animals we r e being set free in America’s
urban areas to“create pockets of peace and calm like the countryside,”可知，松鼠被引进费城是为了让城市生活变得更宁静，故选D。

2.C
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第三段中的In the 1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of America(an organization teaching
boys practical skills)said that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature
with sympathy,says Benson.（Benson说，20世纪10年代，美国童子军的一位领导人说，教孩子喂松鼠可以
显示出同情地对待弱小动物的回报。

）可知，这名童子军领导支持喂养松鼠的行为，故选C。

3.B
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第四段中的By the 1950s those working animals had been moved to the countryside
（到20世纪50年代，这些动物已经被转移到农村）和第五段中的Before long,people s enthusiasm forsquirrels
wore off,and they started to see them as annoyances.By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures（不久，人们对松鼠的热情就消退了，他们开始把松鼠视为讨厌的东西。

到20世纪70年代，许多公园禁止给这些
动物喂食。

）由此推断出，在20世纪60年代左右，城市松鼠开始失宠，故选B。

4.C
【解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的constructive和a good thing等关键词，以及It’s good for the soul
可判断Benson认为松鼠应该被允许留在城市里，故选C。

【母题4】【江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模】
A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower.Most of the
researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind:How can willpower be strengthened?If willpower is truly a limited resource,as the research suggests,what can be done to make it stay strong?
Avoiding temptation(诱惑)is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the“out of
sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study,for instance,found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.
The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling
question.When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted.Rather,people appear to hold some willpower in reserve,saved for future
demands.The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves,allowing us to carry on even when our
self-control strength has been run down.High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.
Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱）to being exhausted in the first place.
Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use.But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison,they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the
short term,they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term.Similarly,regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.
The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas,so it makes more sense t o focus on a single goal at a time. In other words,don’t try to quit smoking,adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time.Taking goals one by one is a better approach.Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says,you’ll no long er need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior.Eventually healthy habits will become routine,and won’t require making decisions at all.
1.From the studies in the passage we learn that.
A. people have unlimited self-control
B. hig h motivation ensures one’s success
C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D. too many temptations often lead to failure
2.The underlined phrase“tap into”in Paragraph 3most probably means.
A.make use of C.build
B.run out of D.increase
3.The author compares self–control to muscles.
A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower
B. to show the significance of regular exercise
C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up
D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control
4.To develop a good habit,which of the following does the author prefer?
A. “I will give up dessert and do exercise.”
B. “I will set three goals this new semester.”
C. “I will read an English novel every month.”
D. “I will keep myself from any temptation.”
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。

短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。

1.C
【解析】细节推理题。

根据第三段Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather,people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.可知，研究人员不相信人的意
志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。

所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。

故C选项正确。

2.A
【解析】猜测词义题。

由第三段“The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我
们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。

所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tap into”指利用，与make use of同义。

故A选项正确。

3.D
【解析】推理判断题。

根据第四段While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term,they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term.Similarly,regular practices of self-control may improve willpower。