(完整版)初中语法一般现在时和现在进行时讲解、练习含答案

一般现在时：
一、定义与讲解：
一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。

，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

通常与副词every day（每天），always（总是）,usually（通常）,often （经常）sometimes（有时）,等时间状语连用。

例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

Mary’s father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。

（2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。

（3）表示客观现实。

The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。

There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。

（4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。

The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。

The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

（5）表示平日的喜好。

I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables.
He likes ice cream. She doesn’t like strawberries.
二．只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”，
其他人称用动词原形。

★动词三单形式的变化规则：
1.（1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s.
play — plays like — likes
ask---asks work---works get---gets call---calls
（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.
watch---watches wish---wishes do---does go---goes （3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.
try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies
2.不规则变化：be---- is have----has
三、一般现在时的句子转换：
（1）变一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面，
（口诀：一调二变三问号）;
（2）变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. (be后not 莫忘记)
例：①陈述句：She is my sister..
疑问句→ Is she your sister? Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.
否定句→ She is not my sister.
②陈述句：I can play soccer.
疑问句→ Can you play soccer? Yes,Ican./ No, I can’t.
否定句→ I can not /can’t play soccer.
★注意：对一般疑问句的回答：
一般用什么问就用什么来回答。

但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t.
Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t.
Are these your parents? Yes, they’re./ No, they aren’t.
Are those Jim’s brothers? Yes, they’re./ No, they aren’t.
（3）当句子中没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，变一般疑问句时，在主语前加助动词do (I, we, you,以及复数), does（第三人称单数she,he,it等）变成问句；
（4）变否定句时，在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t, doesn’t变成否定句，切记：助动词后的动词则还原成动词原形。

例：①陈述句：We get up（起床） at 7:00 every morning.
疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?
否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.
②陈述句：She has a brother.
疑问句→ Does she have a brother?
否定句→ She doesn’t have a brother.
※在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。

但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚，
现归纳总结如下：
一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。

如：
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。

She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。

如：
①Han Mei likes salsd . 韩梅喜欢萨拉。

②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③Uncle Wang often plays volleyball.. 王叔叔经常打排球。

三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。

如：
②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

③That car is red. ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。

①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

②There is a watch on the table. 桌上有块手表。

③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。

④That is an eraser.
五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。

如：
①The milk（牛奶） is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。

②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。

如：
①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。

②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。

一、按照要求改写句子
1．This is my pencil ? (变一般疑问句) your pencil ?
2. These red socks are Kate’s . (变一般疑问句)
socks Kate’s ?
3. Mary does not have any books . (变肯定句) some books .
4. She likes the black bag very much . (变为否定句)
5. I like apples. (用she改写句子)
6. It’s an English dictionary . (对画线部分提问)
.
7. He has hamburger and apples for dinner . (变一般疑问句)
二、用Be动词填空。

1. you Li Fen ? No, not .
2. Mr. green very busy? Yes , he .
3..This book very interesting .
4. What class you in ?
5. You and I good friends .
6. The basketball club fun .
三．用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Lin Tao (like) his ruler .
2. Let’s (have) ice cream .
3. Let’s(play) tennis !
4. He (like) English.
5. Nice (meet) you !
6. I (need) some fruits.
一般现在时用法专练:
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。

have like drink _____ go _____ stay ____ study___ _ teach_____ make ______look ______have____ come_____ watch______ plant_____ fly _____ do_____ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We_______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick ____ ___(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) pears?
6. _______ your parents _______(have) eggs every day?
7. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
18. Mike _______(like) cooking.
9. They _______(have) the same hobby.
10. Liu Tao ______ _(do) not like PE.
11. This boy often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? ________________
3. He likes play games after class. _______________ __
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _______________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _____________
一般现在时态句型转换
1.This is a white key. (对画线部分进行提问)
2.Ben’s bag is yellow and red . (对画线部分进行提问)
3.Her name is Gina. (对画线部分进行提问)
4.My phone number is 673-8220. (对画线部分进行提问)
5.The boy’s name is Jack. (对画线部分进行提问)
6.The picture is on the wall. (对画线部分进行提问)
7.Your baseball is under the chair. (对画线部分进行提问)
8.His book is on the desk. (对画线部分进行提问)
9.Some balls are in the dresser. (对画线部分进行提问)
10.My computer is on my desk. (对画线部分进行提问)
11.He is Johnny. (改为一般疑问句)
12.These are his parents. (改为一般疑问句)
13.This is my sister. (改为一般疑问句)
14.The baseball is under the bed. (改为一般疑问句)
15.My key is on the bed. (改为一般疑问句)
16.He has a tennis racket. (改为一般疑问句)
17.I have some baseball bats. (改为一般疑问句)
18.She has many things to do today. (改为一般疑问句)
19.I like hamburgers . (改为一般疑问句)
20.They have a TV. (改为一般疑问句)
25.You are Tina. (改为否定句)
26.These are my brothers. (改为否定句)
27.The books are on the bookcase. (改为否定句)
28.Three books are under the desk. (改为否定句)
29.She has a computer game. (改为否定句)
30.We have a big TV in our house. (改为否定句)
31.Kate has some money in her pocket. (改为否定句)
32.He likes ice cream. (改为否定句)
34.Nice to meet you! (写出答语)
35.Is that a dictionary ?(改为复数句)
____________________________________________
36These are photos. (改为单数句)
37.Is he your cousin? (作肯定回答)
38.Is Linda his sister? (作否定回答)
39.Is this a Chinese book? (作否定回答)
40.Those are dictionaries. (改为单数句)
41.Is the CD on the sofa?( 作肯定回答)
42.Are the chairs next to the table ?(作否定回答)
43.Where is my book ?(改为复数句子)
44.They are on the sofa .( 改为单数句子)
一、现在进行时的含义
现在进行时是由“助动词be(am, is, are)＋动词-ing”构成，表示说话者“此刻”或现阶段的行为。

二、现在进行时的基本结构
1．肯定句：主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词+…… 例如：
I am speaking with him on the phone. 我正和他通电话。

He is playing tennis. 他正在打网球。

My parents are dancing. 我父母正在跳舞。

2．否定句：主语+be not+现在分词+…… 例如：
I'm not studying. 我没在学习。

She is not reading now. 现在她不是在看书。

They are not writing. 他们没在写。

3．一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+现在分词+……？例如：
(1)— Is she still helping Li Ling?
她还在帮助李玲吗？— Yes, she is. 是的。

/No, she isn't. 不，她没在帮李玲。

(2)— Are you listening to music? 你正在听音乐吗？
— Yes, I am. 是的。

/No, I'm not. 不，我没有听音乐。

4．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+现在分词+……？例如：
— What are you studying? 你正在学什么？— I'm studying English. 我在学英语。

—What is Mike doing? 迈克在做什么？----He is watching the football match. 他在看足球比赛。

三、现在分词的变化规则
1.一般在动词末尾加ing,如： think-thinking go-going
2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如：
come-coming make-making
3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： put-putting run-running
四、现在进行时的基本用法
1．表示此时此刻(说话者)正在进行的动作。

例如：
The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。

What are you doing now? 你现在干什么呢？
2．表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。

例如：
We are doing an experiment this week. 我们这个星期正在做一个实验。

(但说话时并不一定在做实验。

)
3．现在进行时有时可用来表示将来发生的动作，这一用法常用于go, come, leave, start 等短暂性动词，后面也常用表示较近的将来时间状语 (如tomorrow, tonight, this morning/Friday等)，表示安排或计划好的事情。

例如：
We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我们明天启程去上海。

4．现在进行时表示说话时正发生的或者正进行的动作。

常与时间状语 now , at the moment 等连用。

It is raining hard now . Don't hurry .
I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down the radio ?
Watch out (当心) ! It's falling .
Look ! The clouds are gathering .
Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at one of the platforms ready to leave . Some of thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for empty seats .
We are busy at the moment . I'm selling cigarettes . My father is selling some sweets .
5.表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。

We are going to Rome next week . Mr Black is leaving for Shanghai in a few days .
Are you doing anything special tonight ?
6．用在时间和条件状语从句中表达将来正进行的动作。

I'll telephone you tomorrow while I'm waiting .
I'll think about it while you are writing the report .
When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .
If you are standing at the corner when I pass , I'll give you a lift into town .
五、现在进行时的练习题按要求改写句子
The boy is playing basketball.
否定句：____________________________ 一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________ 否定回答：__________________________
对“is playing basketball”提问：__________________________
对“ The boy”提问：__________________________
They are singing in the classroom.
否定句：____________________________ 一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________ 否定回答：__________________________ 对“are singing ”提问：__________________________
对“ in the classroom”提问：__________________________
4.she,the window ,open, now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)
_____________________
5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问)
________________________
6.is,who,the window, cleaning?(连词成句)
______________________
7. The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问)
_______________
8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)
______________________
9.You are doing your homework.(用“I”作主语改写句子)
______________________
10.they,the tree, sing, now, under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)
_____________________
11.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)
______________________
II.单项选择
( )1.我在照看孩子.
(A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I'm look aftering the baby.
(C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.
( )2._____friend's making ______a kite.
(A)I, me (B)My, my (C)My, me (D)His, his ( )3.Is the woman ______ yellow your teacher?
(A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins _____their mother do the housework.
(A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking ( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree.
(A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where
( )6.Is she ____something?
(A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats
( )7.你在干什么?
(A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do?
(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?
( )8.What are you listening_____?
(A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to
( )9.我正在听他说话.
(A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him.
(C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him.
( )10.They are ____their clothes.
(A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on III.用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1.What_________you__________(do)?
2.I______________(sing) an English song.
3.What__________he____________(mend)?
4.He______________(mend) a car.
5._________you__________(fly) a kite? Yes ,_______.
6._________she___________(sit) in the boat?
7._________you_____________(ask) questions?
8.We_______________(play) games now.
9.The man______________(work) near the house now.
Many animals use some kind of “language”. They use signals(信号)and the signals have meanings. For example, when a bee(蜜蜂) has found some food, it goes 16 home. It is 17 for a bee to tell 18 bees where the food is by speaking to 19 , but it can do a little dancing. This tells the bees where the food is and 20 it is.
Some animals show how they feel by making sounds. It is not difficult to 21 . If a dog is angry, it barks(吠). Birds make several different sounds and 22 has its own meaning. Sometimes we humans make sounds 23 . We make sounds like“Oh!”or“Ouch!”to show how we feel about something or when we 24 something on our feet.
We humans have languages. We have words. These words have the meaning of things，actions(行动), feelings or ideas. We 25 give each other information. Writing down words，we can remember what has happened or send messages to people far away.
( )16.A.out of B.on with C.away from D.back
( )17.A.important B.difficult C.necessary D.impossible
( )18.A.each other B.another C.other D.others
( )19.A.it B.him C.them D.themselves
( )20.A.how long B.how far C.how many D.how old
( )21.A.watch B.see C.look D.tell
( )22.A.each B.every C.all D.some
( )23.A.in the same sound B.by different sounds
C.in the same way
D.by different ways
( )24.A.put B.drop C.fall D.set
( )25.A.could B.are able to C.couldn’t D.be able to
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。

（共30分）
（A）
Plants are very important. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals can get their food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, too. So animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why there are so many plants around us.
There are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Almost all the trees around us are flowering plants. You can know some trees from their flowers and fruit. Non-flowering plants do not grow flowers. You can not see many non-flowering plants around you.
If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are many kinds of plants. Some plants are large and some are small. Most of them are green. Thanks to the plants around us we can live on earth.
( )26.We need many plants around us because _______.
A.plants can grow easily
B.plants are green
C.we can get what we need from plants
D.we like all kinds of plants
( )27.There are so many plants around us because _______.
A.man doesn’t need any plants
B.most animals don’t eat plants
C.man and animals need plants to live
D.the earth will become more beautiful
( )28.There are _______ non-flowering plants than flowering plants around us.
A.much fewer
B.much more
C.much larger
D.much better ( )29.Which of the following does NOT come from a plant?
A.Basket.
B.Bread.
C.Cabbage.
D.Stone forest. ( )30.Which is the best title(题目) of this passage?
A.Plants around us
B.Man and Animals
C.Live on Earth
D.Food and Plants
答案：16-30:DDCCBDACBB CCADA。