高中英语Unit2CloningSectionⅠWarmingUpReading_Pre_reading课件新人教版选修8
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Scientists have known for some time that cloned organisms are not always identical: their observable characteristics and traits can vary, and this variation can be passed on to the next generation. This is despite the fact that they are derived (获得) from genetically identical founder cells.
The team reported their findings in this week’s Current Biology.
“Where these new mutations actually come from is still a mystery，” said Professor Harberd. “They may arise during the regeneration process itself or during the cell divisions in the donor plant that gave rise to the root cells from which the regenerate plants are created. We are planning further research to find out which of these two processes is responsible for these mutations. What we can say is that nature has safely been employing what you might call a ’cloning’process in plants for millions of years, and that there must be good evolutionary reasons why these mutations are introduced.”
patience C．the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money
D．many other attempts to clone mammals failed
(3)The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably
recently. B．Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the
same egg. C．Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money. D．Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.
Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text. (1)Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true
according to the text? A．Cloning is something that has been developed quite
the difference between them? Please read the following passage to get the answer.
A new study of plants that are reproduced by cloning has shown why cloned plants are not identical.
Biblioteka Baidu
2．Look at these pictures and tell which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made.
_N__a_tu_r_a_l_c_l_o_n_e_s： __A__, _F_；__M__a_n_-m__a_d_e__cl_o_n_e_s_：__B_，__C_， __D__, _E__
Section Ⅰ
Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
1．What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloning? 2．Not only animals but also plants can be cloned. Do you know
lived ________ years. A．3
B．6
C．9
D．12
(4)Which of the following is NOT an advantage of cloning? A．Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B．Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. C．Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct. D．Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.
The new results suggest that variation in clones of plants may have different underlying causes from those of variation in clones of animals — where it is believed that the effect of environmental factors on how animal genes are expressed is more important and no similar high frequencies of mutations have been observed.
Fast Reading
1．Read the text and write down the main idea of the text. The text is mainly about the _p_r_o_c_ed__u_r_e of animal cloning and the life of Dolly the sheep，as well as the reasons why cloning is still _c_o_n_t_r_o_v_er_s_i_a_l _.
2．Read the text and then find the main idea of each paragraph. (1)Paragraph 1 ( D ) A．The effect of Dolly. (2)Paragraph 2 ( B ) B．The major uses of cloning. (3)Paragraph 3 ( E ) C．People’s reaction to cloning. (4)Paragraph 4 (A ) D．The definition (定义) of cloning. (5)Paragraph 5 ( C ) E．The problem of Dolly.
Now, a team from Oxford University, the UK, and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia, believe they have found out why this is the case in plants: the genomes ( 染 色 体 ) of regenerate plants carry relatively high frequencies of new DNA sequence mutations (变异) that were not present in the genome of the donor plant.
(5)We can infer from the last three paragraphs that________. A．the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species B．Dolly's serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world C．Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists D．there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning 答案：(1)～(5)ABDDD
(2)The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because ________. A．it's easier to clone a sheep than other animals
B．the scientists were determined and worked hard with
3．See another kind of clone. The two women soldiers look very alike. Can you explain why?
_T_h_e_y__a_r_e_c_a_l_le_d__tw__in__s._T__h_e_y_w__e_r_e_b_o_r_n__a_l_m_o_s_t_a_t__th_e______ _sa_m__e_t_i_m_e__b_y_t_h_e_s_a_m__e_m__o_t_h_e_r__
Professor Harberd said, “While our results highlight that cloned plants and animals are very different, they may give us insights into how bacterial and cancer cells replicate themselves, and how mutations arise during these processes which, ultimately, have an impact on human health.”
Warming Up
1．How much do you know about clone? What is clone? And what
are natural clone and man-made clone? _C_l_o_n_e_i_s_a__w_a_y__o_f_m__a_k_i_n_g_a_n__e_x_a_c_t_c_o_p_y__o_f_a_n_o_t_h_e_r_a_n_i_m__a_l _o_r _p_l_a_n_t.________________________________________________ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l__c_lo_n_e__i_s__o_n_e__th__a_t _o_c_c_u_r_s__f_r_o_m__t_h_e__“_p_a_r_e_n_t_”__in___a _n_a_t_u_r_a_l _fo_r_m__o_f__c_lo_n_i_n_g_w__it_h_o_u_t_h__u_m_a_n__h_e_l_p_. ______________ _M__a_n_-_m_a_d_e___c_l_o_n_e___i_s___o_n_e___p_r_o_d_u_c_e_d____th_r_o_u_g_h____h_u_m__a_n _in__te_r_v_e_n_t_io_n__(介___入__)．_
The team reported their findings in this week’s Current Biology.
“Where these new mutations actually come from is still a mystery，” said Professor Harberd. “They may arise during the regeneration process itself or during the cell divisions in the donor plant that gave rise to the root cells from which the regenerate plants are created. We are planning further research to find out which of these two processes is responsible for these mutations. What we can say is that nature has safely been employing what you might call a ’cloning’process in plants for millions of years, and that there must be good evolutionary reasons why these mutations are introduced.”
patience C．the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money
D．many other attempts to clone mammals failed
(3)The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably
recently. B．Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the
same egg. C．Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money. D．Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.
Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text. (1)Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true
according to the text? A．Cloning is something that has been developed quite
the difference between them? Please read the following passage to get the answer.
A new study of plants that are reproduced by cloning has shown why cloned plants are not identical.
Biblioteka Baidu
2．Look at these pictures and tell which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made.
_N__a_tu_r_a_l_c_l_o_n_e_s： __A__, _F_；__M__a_n_-m__a_d_e__cl_o_n_e_s_：__B_，__C_， __D__, _E__
Section Ⅰ
Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
1．What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloning? 2．Not only animals but also plants can be cloned. Do you know
lived ________ years. A．3
B．6
C．9
D．12
(4)Which of the following is NOT an advantage of cloning? A．Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B．Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. C．Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct. D．Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.
The new results suggest that variation in clones of plants may have different underlying causes from those of variation in clones of animals — where it is believed that the effect of environmental factors on how animal genes are expressed is more important and no similar high frequencies of mutations have been observed.
Fast Reading
1．Read the text and write down the main idea of the text. The text is mainly about the _p_r_o_c_ed__u_r_e of animal cloning and the life of Dolly the sheep，as well as the reasons why cloning is still _c_o_n_t_r_o_v_er_s_i_a_l _.
2．Read the text and then find the main idea of each paragraph. (1)Paragraph 1 ( D ) A．The effect of Dolly. (2)Paragraph 2 ( B ) B．The major uses of cloning. (3)Paragraph 3 ( E ) C．People’s reaction to cloning. (4)Paragraph 4 (A ) D．The definition (定义) of cloning. (5)Paragraph 5 ( C ) E．The problem of Dolly.
Now, a team from Oxford University, the UK, and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia, believe they have found out why this is the case in plants: the genomes ( 染 色 体 ) of regenerate plants carry relatively high frequencies of new DNA sequence mutations (变异) that were not present in the genome of the donor plant.
(5)We can infer from the last three paragraphs that________. A．the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species B．Dolly's serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world C．Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists D．there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning 答案：(1)～(5)ABDDD
(2)The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because ________. A．it's easier to clone a sheep than other animals
B．the scientists were determined and worked hard with
3．See another kind of clone. The two women soldiers look very alike. Can you explain why?
_T_h_e_y__a_r_e_c_a_l_le_d__tw__in__s._T__h_e_y_w__e_r_e_b_o_r_n__a_l_m_o_s_t_a_t__th_e______ _sa_m__e_t_i_m_e__b_y_t_h_e_s_a_m__e_m__o_t_h_e_r__
Professor Harberd said, “While our results highlight that cloned plants and animals are very different, they may give us insights into how bacterial and cancer cells replicate themselves, and how mutations arise during these processes which, ultimately, have an impact on human health.”
Warming Up
1．How much do you know about clone? What is clone? And what
are natural clone and man-made clone? _C_l_o_n_e_i_s_a__w_a_y__o_f_m__a_k_i_n_g_a_n__e_x_a_c_t_c_o_p_y__o_f_a_n_o_t_h_e_r_a_n_i_m__a_l _o_r _p_l_a_n_t.________________________________________________ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l__c_lo_n_e__i_s__o_n_e__th__a_t _o_c_c_u_r_s__f_r_o_m__t_h_e__“_p_a_r_e_n_t_”__in___a _n_a_t_u_r_a_l _fo_r_m__o_f__c_lo_n_i_n_g_w__it_h_o_u_t_h__u_m_a_n__h_e_l_p_. ______________ _M__a_n_-_m_a_d_e___c_l_o_n_e___i_s___o_n_e___p_r_o_d_u_c_e_d____th_r_o_u_g_h____h_u_m__a_n _in__te_r_v_e_n_t_io_n__(介___入__)．_