初中英语 牛津上海版8A被动语态讲解及练习(有答案)

被动语态
动词的被动语态
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

只有及物动词才有被动语态。

它的基本结构为：be动词+及物动词的过去分词。

所有的时态变化在be动词上。

以动词sing为例。

注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：
一．被动语态中不定式要还原
Let/make/see/hear/watch sb. do sth.----- sb. be let/made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.
My mother made me look after the little sister yesterday.
----I was made to look after the little sister by my mother yesterday.
二．有些动词没有被动语态。

(及物动词才有被动语态)
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die，disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
2) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
3) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
4) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

I want to go now.
三．主动表示被动的几种情况
1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。

这本书销路很好。

This book sells well.
这本小说读起来很有趣。

This novel reads well.
肉很容易切。

Meat cuts easily.
此类词还有lock, shut, open, move, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw 2）有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意。

The book is printing. = The book is being printed.
The house is building. = The house is being built.
3）介词短语作表语，主动表示被动。

The question is now under discussion.
The fire was finally under control.
All these old buildings are under repairs.
Practice
I. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)
1. Over $30,000 ______ for a children’ hospital by a British girl several months ago.
A) is raised B) was raised C) will be raised D) has been raised
2. I'm sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking ______ very soon.
A) made B) will make C) were made D) will be made
3. Many houses ______ in the big fire a few days ago. What a shame!
A) were damaged B)damage C)were damaging D)damaged
4. That building is part of Shanghai’s history. It ______ many years ago.
A) built B) builds C) is built D) was built
5. Many old houses around our school ______ next year and a large green area will appear.
A) pull down B) will be pulled down C) will pull down D) are pulled down
6. When you leave the room, make sure the door ________.
A) was locked B) is locked C) will be locked D) should be locked
7. Half of the Beijing’s private cars _______ off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday.
A) order B) are ordered C) ordered D) were ordered
8. The girls _______ how to dance a month ago and now they can dance well.
A) were taught B) will be taught C) are taught D) have been taught
9. Tom and his sister _______ to the barbecue last Saturday. They were very happy.
A) have invited B) were invited C) were inviting D) invited
10. -- Do you believe there are aliens?
-- I’m afraid not. I don’t think aliens _____ in space.
A) can find B) can be found C) can be founded D) can’t be found
11. Few students can understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times.
A) explains B) is explained C) will be explained D) has explained
12. —People say the subway ________ building in Harbin in a few years.
—Sounds ___________. I have never seen it before.
A) will finish; interesting B) is finished; interested
C) will be finished; interesting D) would be finished; interesting
13.—I want to know when_______have a field trip.
—We’ll have it when all the work_______ .
A) you are; will finish B) you will; finishes
C) you will; is finished D) you will; is finish
14. Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it________ ?
A) built B) was built C) has built D) has been built
15.—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
—I’m sorry, but I________ when to meet.
A) don’t tell B) didn’t tell C) haven’t told D) wasn’t told
16. The thief _______ on the scene when he was trying to get away with the necklace.
A) will be caught B) is caught C) was caught D) has been
caught
17. Black tea _______ in China during the Ming Dynasty as a way to keep tea fresh.
A) invented B) was invented C) is invented D) is inventing
【答案】1. B; 2. D; 3. A; 4. D 5. B; 6. B; 7. D; 8. A; 9. B; 10. B; 11. B; 12. C; 13. C; 14.B; 15. D; 16.
C;17. B
Homework
I.Fill in the blank with the given verb in the passive voice.
1. Yangpu Bridge ___________ (build) in 1993.
2. More money ___________ (spend) on education next year.
3. A lot of water ___________ (waste ) every year. It’s a serious problem.
4. The newspaper said more good teachers ___________ (send) to Yunnan sometime next year.
5. When we got to the top, the sun had risen. There we___________ (tell) to be earlier the next time.
6. “Remember, nobody___________ (allow) to eat or drink in the computer room,” the assistant said to the new students.
7. Large amounts of information ___________ (store) in the computer.
8. By the time he got there, the car___________ (paint).
9. The wounded soldiers ___________ (operate) on now.
10. Hundreds of the books___________ (borrow) from the library in the past three days.
11. I___________ (tell) that Jim would come back from New York in two days.
12. The manager said the project __________ by the end of the year. (complete)
13. The workers told me that the car __________ as soon as possible. (mend)
14. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets __________out. (sell)
15. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death. He__________ to be a great leader. (consider)
16. After the party, some of the students picked up all the rubbish that__________ on the floor of the hall. (drop)
17. He is often made __________the table after dinner. (clean)
【答案】1. was built; 2. will be spent; 3. is wasted 4. would be sent; 5. are told; 6. is allowed; 7. is stored 8. had been painted; 9. are operated; 10. have been borrowed; 11. was told 12. would be completed/would have been completed; 13. would be mended; 14. had been sold; 15. had
been considered; 16. had been dropped; 17. to clean
II. Translation. (汉译英, 需用到被动语态)
1.我生日时有人送了我一件礼物。

_____________________________________________________________________
2.这条新裙子是做给我的。

_____________________________________________________________________
3.这肉是做给我们吃的。

_____________________________________________________________________
4.这位病人正在做手术。

_____________________________________________________________________
5.这个问题已解决，不需要再讨论了。

_____________________________________________________________________
6.由于天气不好，运动会将会推迟。

_____________________________________________________________________
7.这间教室总是保持得很清洁。

_____________________________________________________________________
8.他经常被听到在弹钢琴。

_____________________________________________________________________
9.这肉不好煮。

_____________________________________________________________________
10.这肉已经煮了很长时间了。

_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. I was given a present on my birthday. /A present was given to me on my birthday.
2. This new skirt is made for me.
3. The meat is cooked for us.
4. The patient is being operated on.
5. This problem has been solved. It needn’t be talked about.
6. The sports meeting will be put off because of the bad weather.
7. This classroom is always kept clean.
8. He is often heard to play the piano.
9. The meat doesn’t boil well.
10. The meat has been boiled for a long time.
III. Complete the following passage with the given words in their proper forms. (用所给动词的适当形式填空来完成短文，每空至少一词。

)
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes _____1_____ (can, hear) night and day. The airport _____2_____ (build) years ago, but for some reason it _____3_____ (can not, use) then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people _____4_____ (must, drive) away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house _____5_____ (will; knock) down by a passing plane. I _____6_____ (offer) a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined(下定决心) to stay here. Everybody says I _____7_____ (must, mad) and they are probably right.
【答案】
1. can be heard;
2. was built;
3. could not be used;
4. must have been driven;
5. will be knocked;
6. have been offered;
7. must be mad。