文化的定义(英文版) PPT
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
8
Large C culture and small C culture
Culture is sometimes understood as large C culture and small c culture. Culture in the sense of “attributes of man” is known as large C culture or academic culture. Culture in the sense of “life way of a population” is called small c culture or anthropological culture.
4) Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
2
1.Cultures Defined
3
Define cultures yourself
Today, culture is a word that we often hear, read and even talk of, such as Chinese culture, English culture, Tea culture, Campus culture, and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it may not be easy to give it a satisfactory definition. Please write down whatever comes to your mind when you hear or think of culture. Next, try to figure out how they are related to culture.
9
The "small c" culture is sometimes compared to the software of the mind, as it defines people's thinking, action, etc. ---how people get married (their customs) ---what people teach their children about right and wrong (their values) ---what people think is beautiful (their beliefs) ---how people look at each other when they are talking (their nonverbal communication) ---what people study in school (their institutions) . . .
15
Elements of Culture
16
2. Characteristics of Culture
17
1) Culture is shared
The members of a
culture share a set of
‘ideals, values, and
standards
of
behaviors’, and this
5
Defined by LIANG Shuming
Liang Shuming, a well-known Chinese scholar, the last Confuscianist in China, offers three aspects of culture in his book Culture & Philosophy:
4
Culture sometimes is so simple, as we have it almost anywhere and anytime; culture sometimes is so inclusive, as we have so many definitions for it, when it is defined by different peoples in different countries, probably more than 150 definitions. Culture is not easy to define, nor is there a consensus among scholars, philosophers and politicians as to what exactly the concept should include.
14
Definition Final
6) Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.
(3) Spiritual life such as religion, philosophy, value systems, science and art.
6
Defined by Oxford Dictionary
(1) The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively;
10Leabharlann big C refers to "achievement culture" and small c refers to “behavior culture". The former in most western countries usually refers to such things as education, history, geography, institutions, literature, art, music, and so on. The latter, similar to the above definitions, means the way of life of a people, and it has now been broadened to include values, beliefs and perceptions. It is this "small c" that plays an essential part in intercultural communication, and so it is the focus of this book.
Intercultural Communication
Presentation 3
Understanding Cultures Culture Defined 文化的定义
Culture is a Bridge.
1
CONTENTS
1. The Culture Defined 2. The Cultural Characteristics 3. The Cultural Differences
11
Definition Final
1) Culture is the total way of life that a group of people shares.
2) Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.
12
3) Culture is an Integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are characteristic of the members of a society and which are not the result of biological inheritance.
(1) Material life such as material things, essential for human survival;
(2) Social life such as lifestyles, social organizations, and political and economic relation;
13
5) Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
set of ideals is what
gives meaning to their
lives, and what bond
them together as a
culture.
18
2) Culture is learned
Actually, culture is not innate sensibility, but a learned characteristic. Children begin learning about their own culture at home with their immediate family and how they interact each other, how they dress, and the rituals they perform. When the children are growing in the community, their cultural education is advanced by watching social interactions, taking part in cultural activities and rituals in the community, forming their own relationships and taking their place in the culture.
Culture is usually understood in both broad sense and narrow sense. Culture can be defined as “attributes of man” in its broad sense, including what distinguishes man from the rest part of the world. When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as “life way of a population” in its narrow sense, meaning what characterizes the particular way of life of a population.
(2) The customs, civilizations and achievement of a particular time or people;
(3) Improvement by mental or physical training.
7
Culture in broad sense and narrow sense
Large C culture and small C culture
Culture is sometimes understood as large C culture and small c culture. Culture in the sense of “attributes of man” is known as large C culture or academic culture. Culture in the sense of “life way of a population” is called small c culture or anthropological culture.
4) Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
2
1.Cultures Defined
3
Define cultures yourself
Today, culture is a word that we often hear, read and even talk of, such as Chinese culture, English culture, Tea culture, Campus culture, and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it may not be easy to give it a satisfactory definition. Please write down whatever comes to your mind when you hear or think of culture. Next, try to figure out how they are related to culture.
9
The "small c" culture is sometimes compared to the software of the mind, as it defines people's thinking, action, etc. ---how people get married (their customs) ---what people teach their children about right and wrong (their values) ---what people think is beautiful (their beliefs) ---how people look at each other when they are talking (their nonverbal communication) ---what people study in school (their institutions) . . .
15
Elements of Culture
16
2. Characteristics of Culture
17
1) Culture is shared
The members of a
culture share a set of
‘ideals, values, and
standards
of
behaviors’, and this
5
Defined by LIANG Shuming
Liang Shuming, a well-known Chinese scholar, the last Confuscianist in China, offers three aspects of culture in his book Culture & Philosophy:
4
Culture sometimes is so simple, as we have it almost anywhere and anytime; culture sometimes is so inclusive, as we have so many definitions for it, when it is defined by different peoples in different countries, probably more than 150 definitions. Culture is not easy to define, nor is there a consensus among scholars, philosophers and politicians as to what exactly the concept should include.
14
Definition Final
6) Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.
(3) Spiritual life such as religion, philosophy, value systems, science and art.
6
Defined by Oxford Dictionary
(1) The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively;
10Leabharlann big C refers to "achievement culture" and small c refers to “behavior culture". The former in most western countries usually refers to such things as education, history, geography, institutions, literature, art, music, and so on. The latter, similar to the above definitions, means the way of life of a people, and it has now been broadened to include values, beliefs and perceptions. It is this "small c" that plays an essential part in intercultural communication, and so it is the focus of this book.
Intercultural Communication
Presentation 3
Understanding Cultures Culture Defined 文化的定义
Culture is a Bridge.
1
CONTENTS
1. The Culture Defined 2. The Cultural Characteristics 3. The Cultural Differences
11
Definition Final
1) Culture is the total way of life that a group of people shares.
2) Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.
12
3) Culture is an Integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are characteristic of the members of a society and which are not the result of biological inheritance.
(1) Material life such as material things, essential for human survival;
(2) Social life such as lifestyles, social organizations, and political and economic relation;
13
5) Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
set of ideals is what
gives meaning to their
lives, and what bond
them together as a
culture.
18
2) Culture is learned
Actually, culture is not innate sensibility, but a learned characteristic. Children begin learning about their own culture at home with their immediate family and how they interact each other, how they dress, and the rituals they perform. When the children are growing in the community, their cultural education is advanced by watching social interactions, taking part in cultural activities and rituals in the community, forming their own relationships and taking their place in the culture.
Culture is usually understood in both broad sense and narrow sense. Culture can be defined as “attributes of man” in its broad sense, including what distinguishes man from the rest part of the world. When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as “life way of a population” in its narrow sense, meaning what characterizes the particular way of life of a population.
(2) The customs, civilizations and achievement of a particular time or people;
(3) Improvement by mental or physical training.
7
Culture in broad sense and narrow sense