新冀教版七年级英语上册短语及句型总结
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新冀教版七年级英语上册短语及句型总结
新冀教版七年级英语上册知识点总结
Unit 1
短语:
1.be from=come from来⾃
2.over there在那⾥
3.a visiting student⼀个访问⽣
4.have lessons=have classes上课
5.play sports=do sports=have sports进⾏体育运动
6.plan lessons备课
7.have fun=have a good /nice/great/wonderful time玩得愉快
8.guessing games猜谜游戏
9.a shopping list⼀张购物单
10.in Class Five 在五班
11.You go first. 你先来
句型:
1.介绍⾃⼰要⽤My name is . . . 或I am. . . ,介绍别⼈则⽤His/Her name is. . .或This is. . ..询问别⼈的姓名⽤What’s your/his/her name?
2.询问对⽅的⾝体健康状况,要⽤How are you? 答语为:I’m fine/Fine,thanks.
3 Good morning/afternoon/evening!早上/下午/晚上好!Good night 晚安!
4 This is------这是......
5 let sb. do sth.让某⼈做某事
6 show sb.around带领某⼈参观
Show sb sth/show sth to sb把某物展⽰给某⼈
7 It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某⼈做某事
8 Excuse me.May I have/borrow-----?抱歉/打扰。
我可以借......吗?
表⽰客⽓的请求要⽤May I…,please?答语为Sure./OK (Here you are.) .borrow 与have.都可以表⽰“借”之意,区别在于:前者表⽰借了要还;⽽后者则指借了不必还。
如:May I borrow your book, please? May I have a piece of paper?
9 See you later.再见
10 Here you are!给你
11 Thank you /thanks!谢谢!
You are welcome.不客⽓/不⽤谢That’s all right/It doesn’t matter...
12 need to do sth.需要做某事
need doing sth 需要被做某事
13 How/What about doing sth.?z做某事怎么样?
How/What about sth.?某事/物怎么样?
How/What about sb ?某⼈呢?/某⼈怎么样?
14 make a list列清单
15 ⼈们见⾯时的寒喧话常⽤Nice to meet you.答语为:Nice to meet you, too或Me,too.
16 Welcome to...欢迎到......
17 homeroom teacher 指导教师
18 at the store=in a shop在商店
19.询问单数物品时,要⽤What’s this/it? 答语为It’s a/an +单数名词。
其中,this为指⽰
代词,表⽰离说话⼈较近的事物。
在答语中,⼀般要⽤it 代替this.
20. borrow...from...从/向......借⼊
Lend...to...把.......借给.......
21. buy反义词sell
Buy sb sth/buy sth for sb给某⼈买某物
三、语法
1. an 后⾯加以元⾳开头的名词
单元⾳:[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:] [?] [?:] [?] 双元⾳:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au] [i?] [ε?] [u?]
a 后⾯加以辅⾳开头的名词
辅⾳:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [δ] [∫] [з] [t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [m] [n] [?] [h] [l] [r] [w] [j]
2.. some 和any 的⽤法
some意为“⼀些”,可作形容词和代词。
它常修饰可数名词复数。
如:some books⼀些书,some boys⼀些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water⼀些⽔,some tea⼀些茶叶,some 常⽤在肯定句中。
any意为“任何⼀些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常⽤于疑问句和否定句。
如: --I have some tea here. 我这⼉有些茶叶。
--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。
--Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?
--I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。
但在表⽰建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多⽤some⽽不⽤any。
如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点⽔果汁如何?
3. too ⽤于肯定句句末,also⽤于be动词,助动词,情态动词之后,实意动词之前,either ⽤于否定句句末,都表⽰“也”
4.. 英语国家的名字是姓⽒(surname)在后,名(given name)在前.如:Jim Green中Jim是名字,Green是姓⽒.
Unit 2
短语:
1.look at看......
look(看的动作) see(看的结果)
/doc/7507c9f0876a561252d380eb6294dd88d0d23d68.html e out出现
3.in the sky在天空中
4.be/get ready for准备去.......
5.say goodbye to向⼈说再见
6.catch a cold(患)感冒
7.go back/come back回去
8.put on--take off穿上---脱下
put on(穿的动作)wear(穿的状态)
9.go well with和......很相配;协调
10.take......out of把所有的......取出
11.around the world=all over the world全世界
12.just right 刚刚好,正好
13.in black and white ⾝穿⿊⽩相间的⾐服
14.at the shopping centre 在购物中⼼
15.a pair of socks/shorts/pants/glasses/shoes/gloves⼀双袜⼦、⼀条短裤/长裤、⼀副眼镜、⼀双鞋、⼀双⼿套
16.light blue 浅蓝⾊
17..How much+不可数名词(提问不可数名词数量)
How many+可数名词复数(提问可数名词数量)
如:How many markers do you have? I have four./Four.
句型:
1.mix A and/with B; mix......together把A和B混合在⼀起
2.What’s your favourite colour?你最喜欢的颜⾊是什么?
3.询问物品的颜⾊时,要⽤What colour is/are…? 答语为It’s/They are+颜⾊。
如:What colour is your skirt ? It’s pink.
4.How many colours do you see?你能看到多少颜⾊?
5. 询问物品是谁的,要⽤whose . whose 可以作定语,也可以作表语,两种句型常可以进⾏同义转换。
如:Whose shots are these?=Whose are these shorts?
6..be/get ready to do sth.准备去做某事
7..want sth想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想让某⼈做某事
8.Let’s go shopping.让我们去购物
9..It’s too small/big/long/short for me.它对我来说太⼩、⼤、长、短。
10.forget sth忘记某物
forget /remember to do sth 忘记/记得去做某事
forget/remember doing sth 忘记/记得做过某事
11、cold反义词hot cool反义词warm
12. so+形容词或副词
13、look+形容词(表语)
14、提问颜⾊⽤what colour....
15、maybe 和may be
Maybe是副词,意思是“或许,⼤概”may be 是情态动词后家加动词原形be
Eg:Maybe he is a student或He may be a student.
16. ⼈称代词与物主代词
⼈称第⼀⼈称
单数第⼆⼈称
单数
第三⼈称单数第⼀⼈称
复数
第⼆⼈称
复数
第三⼈称
复数
主格I you he she it we you they 我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们宾格me you him her it us you them 我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们
形容词性物主代词my
我的
your
你的
his
他的
her
她的
its
它的
our
我们的
your
你们的
their
他(她、它)们的
名词性物主代词mine
我的
yours
你的
his
他的
hers
她的
its
它的
ours
我们的
yours
你们的
theirs
他(她、它)们的
1)主格常作主语, 其中主格与动词be (am, is, are) 的连⽤如下:
⼈称代词主格与跟在它后⾯的be动词可以缩写:
如I am=I’m ,you are=you’re, He is=he’s, she is=she’s, it is =it’s we are=we’re,they are=they’re
2)⼈称代词的宾格在句⼦中作宾语或介词宾语,但在⼝语中也能作主语补语,第⼀⼈称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在⼀起,⾄少我认为是她。
(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her 做主语补语)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。
(me做主语补语= It's me.)
说明:在上⾯两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。
现代英语中多⽤宾格,在正式⽂体中这⾥应为she和I。
3)形容词性的物主代词(只作定语)+名词,如my book 我的书her hat 她的帽⼦。
形容词可作定语,形容词(定语) + 名词, 如good boy好男孩favorite subject最喜欢的科⽬。
形容词可与be (am, is, are) 连⽤作定语, be (am, is, are) + 形容词(表语) 如He is happy
4)名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以⽤⼀⽤你的钢笔吗? 你的⽐我的好⽤。
b. 作宾语,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国⼀样深。
c. 作介词宾语,例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所⽤的词义去解释我说的话,⽽不能按你⾃⼰的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语,例如:
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的⽣命属于你,属于你,属于你。
5). 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
为避免重复使⽤名词,有时可⽤“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。
例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使⽤bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.
Unit 3
短语:
1.play with sb/sth 和某⼈玩或玩某物
2.do one’s homework做某⼈的作业
3.make noodles 制作⾯条
4.feel blue感到很忧伤
5.see red⽕冒三丈
6.a symbol of .....的象征
7.listen to听......
8.wave one’s hand挥⼿
9.stand against/upon靠......站着
10.one metre long ⼀⽶长
11.see a doctor/go to the doctor看病、
12.take the/this medicine 吃药
13.have a headache/stomachache头痛/胃痛
14.have a cold/catch a cold 感冒
15.stay home待在家⾥
16.have a good rest好好休息
17.look different/the same看起来不同/相同
18.think of/come up with想出想起
句型:
1.make sth. for sb.给某⼈制作某物
/doc/7507c9f0876a561252d380eb6294dd88d0d23d68.html e AforB 把A⽤于B
3. 询问⼈的⾼度⽤How tall,回答时⽤“数字+ metre(s) + tall”,也可以⽤I don’t know如:How
tall are you? I’m 1.3 metres tall.
4. What’s wrong?=What’s the matter=what’s the trouble(with sb/sth)(某⼈、某物怎么啦)
询问⼈或物品的情况⽤What’s the matter? 还可说成What’s the matter with…?其答语并不固定,如:What’s the matter with your finger? I cut it. It hurts.
5. Are you OK?你好吗
6. You’d/ had better (not)do sth.你最好(不)做某事
7. You’d better go and see a doctor.你最好去看⼤夫
8.What does sb look like?问某⼈的外貌
What is sb like?问某⼈的性格
9.询问对⽅的感受⽤How do you feel?回答时⽤I’m/I feel+表⽰感情或感觉的形容词.如:-----How do you feel? 你感觉怎么样? ------I’m/I feel happy/sad/cold/hot/tired/cool/warm.我(感到)很⾼兴/难过/冷/热/累/凉爽/暖和.
9.同反义词
tall反short big反small happy反sad laugh反cry up反down wrong反right
too同义词also
10. have/has的⽤法⼝诀
动词have表⽰“有”,
位置就在主语后。
“三单”主语⽤has,
其他⼈称⽤have。
⼀般问句句⾸do/does添。
否定句⼦也⼀样,
don’t /doesn’t 主语后⾯站。
1.A dog has four legs.
2.Our school has a library.
3.We have 37 chairs in our classroom.
4.My sister has a nice toy car.
5.Does that girl have a doll?
6.Do Tom and his brother have a big bedroom?
7.I don't have a model plane.
8.Lily doesn't have a doll.
Unit 4
短语:
1.a glass/cup/can/bottle of⼀杯、⼀瓶......
2.write down写下,记下(后⾯跟代词,代词放中间)
3.would like/want sth想要某物
would like/want to do sth想要做某事
4.take down 拿下,取下,记下(后⾯跟代词代词放中间)
5.pass around 分发,传送(后⾯跟代词代词放中间)
6.be away不在,离开
7.get enough rest得到⾜够的休息
8.Watch TV看电视
9.too much 后⾯跟不可数名词
too many 可数名词复数
much too 后⾯跟形容词或副词
10.be full of=be filled with充满......
11.Pear同⾳词pair
12.be short for。
的缩写,简称
13 hungry 反义词full
14 put...on...把......放在......上
15 What/How about+代词或名词或v+ing
16 have to do sth不得不(客观)
must do sth必须(主观)
17.表达⾃⼰饥饿/⼝渴,想吃/喝东西时,⽤I’m hungry/thirsty. I want to eat/drink…
want to 的委婉说法是would like to.如:I’m hungry. Iwant to / w ould like to eat
some dumplings.
句型:
1.(It’s ) time to do sth.到⼲某事的时候了。
(It’s ) time for sth.到.......的时候了
It’s time for sb to do sth到某⼈做......的时候了
2.What’s for breakfast/lunch/supper?早餐、午餐、晚餐吃什么?
3.What would you like (to do) sth?你想要(做)什么?
4.have sth. for breakfast/lunch/supper
5.Do you want to come with me?你想和我⼀起来吗?
6.get /buy sth. for sb.给某⼈买某物
7.Good job!/Well done!/Great!/Wonderful!/
Excellent!/Perfect做得好
8. take sb to some place带某⼈去某地
9. Are you ready to order?你准备好点餐了吗?
10. How much is/are sth? / How much for sth?/What’s the price of sth?某物多少钱?
11. Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的吗?(不定式修饰不定代词作后置定语)
12. No problem!没问题
13. Can I help you?/May I help you?/What can I do for you?你想要点什么?/需要帮忙吗?
14. I’ll take …表⽰“我将/要买。
”take可⽤buy/get/have代替。
如:I’ll take /get/have/buy six.
15.可数名词和不可数名词
1.可数名词和不可数名词(Countable noun and Uncountable noun.)
从名词的数上划分,英语名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
不可数名词⼀般没有复数形式,不能与a / an 连⽤。
在这⾥,我们重点讲述不可数名词。
不可数名词
(1)不可数名词包括各种物质的统称:bread ⾯包,stone⽯头,beer啤酒,water⽔cream奶油,wood⽊头,jam果酱,ice 冰,paper纸,oil油,soap肥皂,glass玻璃,tea茶,gold黄⾦,
(2)抽象名词也是不可数名词:advice 主意/忠告,death死亡,beauty美丽、漂亮,
help帮助
(3)在英⽂中下列名词也是不可数名词:baggage ⾏李furniture家具weather⽓候information信息knowledge知识news新闻
(4)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a / an 连⽤,在前⾯往往加上some(⼀些),any (任何), no (没有),a little (少许)等词,或与量词搭配,组成短语。
<1>I don't want any advice or help .I want some information.
<2>a piece of news .⼀条消息
a drop of oil ⼀滴油
a cake of soap ⼀块肥皂
a cup of tea ⼀杯茶
two slices of bread 两⽚⾯包
three teaspoons of mayonnaise 三茶匙蛋黄酱
(5)英语名词的可数或不可数,不要从汉语本⾝去理解,要根据英语的习惯和特点判断、记忆。
例如:money是不可数名词,dollar则是可数名词。
I have much money .我有许多钱
He has many dollars 他有许多美元。
(6)有些词即是可数名词,⼜是不可数名词。
如hair 指⼀个⼈头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指每⼀根⽑发时,就是可数的,可以说one hair , two hairs .
Her hair is black .Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out.
她的头发是⿊的。
她只要发现有⼀根⽩发就将它拔掉。
可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
可数名词的单数可以与冠词a/an 连⽤。
总结可数名词变复数的规则。
⼀、名词复数的规则变化
1) ⼀般的名词在词尾加-S
students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.
2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加-es
glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.
3) 以辅⾳字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es
cities, babies, cherries,countries
4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es
half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es
有⽣命的加es:Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes(⿊⼈英雄爱吃⼟⾖和西红柿),
⽆⽣命的加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos,
⼆、名词复数的不规则变化
1)改变内部的元⾳字母:
foot→ feet, tooth→ teeth, mouse→ mice,man→ men, woman→ women
2)单复数同形:
sheep→ sheep, deer→ deer, Chinese→ Chinese,
3)加ren
child→ children
3)集体名词,people ,class, police 等本⾝就是复数
三、复数的发⾳
⼀般情况加-s 清辅⾳后读/s/ map-maps
浊辅⾳和元⾳后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加-es 读/iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses
以辅⾳字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es 读/z/ baby---babies
Unit 5
短语:
1.the Smith family=the Smiths史密斯⼀家
2.walk to school=go to school on foot步⾏去学校
3.talk on the police radio通过警⽤对讲机交谈
4.on weekends在周末
5.play football踢⾜球
6.be close to与......亲近
7.work hard at school努⼒学习
8.have fun=enjoy oneself=have a good time过得愉快
have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事
9.in front of在外部的前⾯There is a tree in front of the classroom.
in the front of在内部的前⾯There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
10.on the wall在墙上There is a map on the wall.
in the wall 在墙上There is a window in the wall.
11.lots of=a lot of+不可数名词=much
lots of=a lot of+可数名词复数=many
12.a basket of⼀篮⼦
13.look out=be careful=take care⼩⼼
14.go on a picnic=have a picnic去野餐
15.have a birthday party举⾏⽣⽇聚会
16.make a card制作卡⽚
17.on the front(of...)在(......)正⾯
18.Set the table 摆放餐具,布置餐桌
句型:
1.What does/do sb do?/What be(is/are) sb?/What is one’s job?问某⼈的职业
She/He is a......
2.talk to sb. about sth.关于某事同某⼈交谈
3. 询问对⽅的年龄时⽤句型How old are you ? 答语为:I am + 数词(+years old )如How old are you ? I am thirteen .( years old)
4. ⽣⽇祝贺⽤语为:Happy birthday ( to you)!答语为:Thank you.或Thanks之类的感谢⽤语。
/doc/7507c9f0876a561252d380eb6294dd88d0d23d68.html e sth. to do sth.⽤某物做某事
6.询问某⼈住/⽣活在哪⾥的说法是:Where do/does +主语+live?
询问某物的地点或位置时⽤Where提问,句型结构为Where + be + 主语?Where 所提问的常常是由above/below/beside/in/on 等构成的介词短语。
如:
Where is the picture? It’s above the bed.
7.⼀般现在时
⼀般现在时态:表⽰现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或现阶段存在的状态、特征及⼼理活动.常⽤的状语有: often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。
⼀般现在时的句型
1).句⼦的谓语动词是be(am,is,are)动词
肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)
(I)我是am, (you)你是are,is跟着他(he)她(she)它(it),单数is,复数are
否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+not......
疑问句:Are/Is +主语+......
肯定回答:Yes, 主语(⼈称代词主格)+be(am/is/are).
否定回答:No, 主语(⼈称代词主格)+be(am/is/are)+not.
2)句⼦的谓语动词是实意动词
实义动词为原形:
肯定句: 主语+V(原) I like bananas.
否定句: 主语+don’t+V(原) I do not like bananas
⼀般疑问句: do提前:Do+主语+V(原) Do you have bananas?
肯定回答Yes,主语+ do... 否定回答No,主+ do+not
实意动词为三单:
肯定句:主语+ V(三单)She likes bananas.
否定句: 主语+doesn’t +V(原) He does not/does’t like bananas.
⼀般疑问句: does提前:Does+主语+V(原) Does she like bananas?
肯定回答Yes,主语+ does 否定回答No,主+ does+not
(陈述句变成(特殊)疑问句时I/we 变为you, my/our 变为your,and 变为or,some 变为any)
动词的“三单”形式的构成规则
1).⼀般情况下,直接加-s”
2)s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的单词,直接加“es”
3)以辅⾳字母加“y”结尾的单词,变“y”为“i”再加“es”
(s在清辅⾳之后发/s/ ,其他情况下发/z/,es发为/iz/)
含有动词do 的句⼦在变化时,⼀定别把do 丢了!
例如:Li Ping does his homework in the eveing.
否定句:Li Ping doesn’t do his homework in the evening.
疑问句:Does Li Ping do his homework in the evening?
8..现在进⾏时
1)基本含义
①表⽰说话时正在进⾏的动作或发⽣的情况。
如:I’m reading a book. 我正在读书。
②也可以表⽰现阶段正在⽽此刻不⼀定进⾏的动作。
如:What are you doing these days? 这些天你在⼲什么?
③还可以表⽰⼀个按计划即将发⽣的动作。
但仅适⽤于go, come, leave, arrive等少数动词,
且经常和⼀个表⽰将来的时间的状语连⽤。
如:I’m going hiking next week. 我打算下周去徒步旅⾏。
2)谓语结构:助动词be+现在分词助动词be本⾝没有词汇意义,它应随主语的⼈称和数变化。
其变化形式与连系动词be相同,即第⼀⼈称单数⽤am,第三⼈称单数⽤is,其他情况⼀律⽤are。
3).现在分词(-ing)的构成规则
1.⼀般情况下,直接在动词末尾加-ing do-doing, stand-standing
2.以不发⾳e结尾的单词,先去e再加-ing close-closing, take-taking
3.以重读闭⾳节(⼀个元⾳字母跟⼀个辅⾳字母,且重读)结尾的单词,先双写末尾的辅⾳字母,再加-ing get-getting, cut-cutting
4.以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing
4)使⽤场合
①当句中含有now, at the moment(此刻), these days, recently(最近)。
如:She is talking to her mother at the moment. 此刻她正在和⽼师谈话。
②当句句⼦前⾯有listen,look,It’s+时间点,等时。
如:Listen! The teacher is singing an English song. 听!这位⽼师正在唱英⽂歌。
③上⽂提⽰某⼀动作正在进⾏。
如:—Where is Danny? 丹尼在哪⼉?
—He is listening to the radio in his room. 他正在房间⾥听收⾳机。
5).句式结构
①陈述句式的肯定式及否定式。
否定式在助动词be后加not。
如:You’re cleaning the floor. You aren’t reading. 你正在擦地板。
不是在读书。
He is listening to the teacher. He isn’t dancing. 他正在听⽼师(讲话)。
他不在跳舞。
②⼀般疑问句形式:将助动词be提到主语前,句末加“?”。
如:Are you watching TV? 你在看电视吗?
Is Lily wearing a red dress? 莉莉在穿着⼀件红裙⼦吗?
③特殊疑问句句式:特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+…?
如:What are they doing? 他们正在做什么?
What is your brother drinking? 你哥哥正在做什么?
Unit 6
短语:
1.get off下车get on上车
2.get lost=be lost迷路
3.on one’s way to在去......的路上
4.look for寻找
5.turn right/left右转或左转
6.good luck( to sb)祝(某⼈)好运
7.make a noise/make noises制造噪⾳
8.of course/sure/certainly当然
9.on the farm在农场
/doc/7507c9f0876a561252d380eb6294dd88d0d23d68.html e on来吧11.learn about/of 得知,获悉。