USEFUL STRUCTURES AND EXPRESSIONS

USEFUL STRUCTURES AND EXPRESSIONS
1. Introducing a subject or a point 引出主题
—As far as environmental protection is concerned, people usually believe that…
—With regard to environmental protection, I would say that…
—When it comes to environmental protection, few would deny the fact that…
—Speaking about / Regarding / About environmental protection, most people would agree that…
2. Giving your opinion 表达自己观点
—In my opinion, university students should not be encouraged to work part-time.
—To me / T o my mind / From my point of view / In my mind’s eye, university students working part-time may do them more harm than good.
— University students working part-time, as far as I am concerned / as far as
I see it / for my part, should not be encouraged.
3. Agreeing 表示同意
— One often hears it said that travel broadens the mind. I quite agree with this. / I entirely agree with this. / This is true. / This is very true indeed.
—One often hears it said that travel broadens the mind, and my own experience has attested to this view / and my own experience has given
proof to this view / and I am of exactly the same idea.
4.Disagreeing 表示不赞成
— One often hears it said that travel broadens the mind, but I don’t think so / but I can’t agree with that / but that’s no t how I see it / but I entirely disagree with this idea / but I would think otherwise / but I have found this hard to believe / but I wonder whether this is really true.
— One often hears it said that travel broadens the mind. However, I strongly disagree with that / my own experience has just proved the contrary / my
own experience shows that this isn’t really so / the reverse is true
according to my own experience.
5. Introducing the cause(s) 引出原因
—In most countries in the world, the population is increasing alarmingly.
This is mainly because… / This has resulted from… / This is chiefly due
to… / This has been caused by … / This has happened as a result of …
—In most countries in the world, the population is increasing alarmingly.
There are three factors that account for this. / This is attributed to the
following factors. / The main causes of this are as follows.
6. Introducing the result(s) 引出结果
—In recent years, crime rates in big cities have kept growing. This has produced injurious effects on social order and the daily life of urban
people. / This has given rise to very disquieting results. / This has led to
very serious social problems. / This has resulted in devastating
consequences.
— Many university students today are working part-time in addition to their
academic studies, thus enabling them to acquire useful practical
experience as well as a good knowledge about society. / As a result, they
not only understand life and society better but also learn many useful
practical skills. / This has made it possible for them to widen their scope
of knowledge, learning and experience as well.
— Overpopulation in cities causes many problems. It leads to pollution of the environment. It aggravates the situation of unemployment. To make
matters worse, it makes the cities so crowded that there is not enough
space for survival.
7. Refuting a fallacy or misconception 反驳
— Many people believe that their first impression of a person is always right, but there is evidence enough to disprove this belief / but I would take this
belief with a pinch of salt / but I rather doubt it / but fact will show this to
be false / but I would rather say that this is a mistaken belief.
8. Making a concession 表示让步
—It is true that the electronic computer is taking over an increasing number of jobs previously done by man, but this does not mean that the computer will eventually take the place of man.
—Admittedly, / No doubt, young people today are more concerned about self-worth and personal value than their older generations, but this by no
means suggests that they are more self-centered and unsympathetic.
—It is undeniable that / It goes without saying that the single-child policy has helped to check China’s population growth, but we should not turn a
blind eye to some of the undesirable effects it has produced on our
society.
—For all its advantages and values, the plan may not be entirely practicable.
—Though a student working part-time enables him to gain new knowledge and fresh experience, it does not follow that he can put his part-time work
above his school studies.
9. Introducing similarities 引出相同点
—Just as all people inevitably encounter some difficulty in learning a foreign language, so I have also experienced various problems in learning
English.
—All people inevitably encounter some difficulty in learning a foreign language, and the same is true of my own experience of learning English.
—All people, as a rule, encounter some difficulty in learning a foreign language, and my own experience of learning English has been no
exception to this rule.
—Like all other people learning a foreign language, I have also experienced
a lot of difficulty in learning English.
10. Introducing a contrast 对比（不同点）
—Unlike some of the Asian countries afflicted with the problem of overpopulation, China has been able to keep its population growth within
reasonable limits over the past decades.
—Some of the Asian countries are afflicted with the problem of overpopulation, but this is not the case with China, which has been able
to keep its population growth within reasonable limits over the past
decades.
—While / Whereas some of the Asian countries are afflicted with the problem of overpopulation, China has been able to keep its population
growth within reasonable limits over the past decades.
—Some of the Asian countries are afflicted with the problem of overpopulation; by contrast / however / but on the other hand, China has
been able to keep its population growth with reasonable limits over the
past decades.
11. Introducing examples 举例
— Many university students find it beneficial and worthwhile to do part-time jobs. I, for one, have learned much from working part-time.
— Many university students find it beneficial and worthwhile to do part-time jobs. Take myself (for instance / example). I have learned much from
working part-time.
—University students may benefit from working part-time in many ways.
For one thing, they can learn much about life and society. For another,
they have the opportunity to grain practical experiences.
— Many companies are losing their best people because of the low salaries, as is the case with the recent resignation of the sales director of our
company.
— Many companies are losing their best people because of the low salaries. A (good) case in point is the recent resignation of the sales director of our
company. / The recent resignation of the sales director of our company is
a (good) case in point.
12. Introducing a series 列举
— Too much pressure from academic studies does a lot of harm to a student.
First, it causes excessive anxiety and worry … Second, it weakens the
student’s confidence. Finally, it affects the student’s health, physically
and psychologically.
— College students working part-time has many advantages. In the first place / First of all, they may put into practice what they have learned at college.
In the second place / Next, they can gain useful knowledge about society
as well as practical working experience.
— There are a number of reasons why the population in most countries in the world is increasing so alarmingly. To begin with, … . Another major
cause of … is… . A continuing cause for … is … . Finally, there is … . 13. Introducing an idea by definition 用定义解释
— In the contemporary world, many countries are afflicted with the problem of overpopulation, which means the condition of having a population so
dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life,
or a population crash.
— All parents and teachers expect the kids to be imaginative. By imagination,
I mean the power to form mental images of objects and give new ideas,
the gift of using images in writing, and the ability to attribute reality to
unreal things, situations and states.
14. Introducing an idea by classification / division 分类
— Not all college students work part-time for the same reason. They may be
classified into three groups according to why they take a part-time job. /
There are usually three purposes for which they take a part-time job.
— Almost all people experience pressure of one kind or another in their daily life and work. Depending on their specific circumstances, their pressures
usually fall into three main types / categories.
— The entire process of education a person receives in his lifetime, according to what he learns, where and how, can be divided into three different
periods. (division)
15. Making inferences 推断
—From the above discussion and analysis we now see / we can infer / we can conclude that …
— Despite the complexity of the case, one strong possibility we can surmise from the facts is that …
— Based on the above evidence, I would suppose / presume / think that …
— Judging by what has happened, it is very probable / likely / obvious that …
16. Suggesting alternatives / preferences 建议选择
—I think that all college students can choose to do part-time jobs if they want. Alternatively, the college may also organize similar activities for
the students to participate in.
—So, all college students can choose to do part-time jobs if they want, or they may just participate in similar activities organized by the college.
—This is how I believe we can solve the problem. Another possible and equally effective solution is …
—If you find my plan not entirely workable, you might consider using the one Martin suggested at the meeting yesterday.
— Therefore, instead of working part-time, I would rather make the best of my time at college to learn as much as possible.
— Therefore, I would prefer devoting / I would choose to devote all my time to my studies at college rather than waste it by working part-time.
—So, instead of encouraging college students to work part-time, let’s ask them to make the best of their time as students at college. This may seem
a better / more reasonable solution to the problem.
17. Introducing a conclusion or summary 引出结论
—In short / To conclude / To sum up, college students working part-time does them more harm than good.
—I therefore would end this discussion by saying / suggesting that … .。