:what,that,where ,who ,how在不同从句中的用法
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Whether he has left, I can’t say. 他是否走了,我说不定。
②引导主语从句且放在句首时:
Whether he will come is still a question. 他是否会来还是个问题。
【注】若在句首使用形式主语 it,而将主语从句放在句末,则有时也可用 if 来引导:
It was not known whether [if] he would come. 不知他是否会来。
③ 引导表语从句时:
The question is whether we should go on with the work. 问题是我们是否应该继续进行这项工作。
【注】在很不正式的场合if偶尔也用于引导表语从句,但远不如用 whether 常见。
④ 引导让步状语从句时:
Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that. 不管他同意与否,我都要那样做。
⑤ 引导同位语从句时:
The question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它还没有考虑。
⑥ 用于不定式之前时:
I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. 我不知是留还是去。
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 我真是哭笑不得。
⑦用于介词之后时:
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。
⑧直接与 or not 连用时:
I will write to you whether or not I can come. 我能不能来,我将写信告诉你。
【注】若不是直接与 or not 用在一起,则有时也可用 if:
I don’t know whether [if] he will win or not. 我不知他是否能赢。
⑨ 在 discuss(讨论)等少数动词后引导宾语从句时:
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否要开一个会。
3. that ,why 与 because的用法区别
它们在引导表语从句中很容易混淆,区别于下:
(1) 当主语是reason(原因)时,后面的表语从句的引导词通常用that:
The reason why he didn’t attend the party yesterday is that he hasn’t come back yet. 他昨天没有参加聚会是因为他还没有回来。
【注】在现代英语中,有时也用 because,但不如用 that 普通。
(2) why和 because 都可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因:
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet all through. 我既没穿雨衣,也没带雨伞,所以全身都淋湿了。
I got wet all through. That’s becaus e I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. 我全身都淋湿了,因为我既没穿雨衣,也没带雨伞
4. that 与 whether (if)的用法区别
从意思上看,两者不应该发生混淆,因为 whether (if) 表示“是否”,而that 却不表示任何含义,但实际使用时,有的同学却经常将其用混,并且各类语法考试也常考查它。
两者的原则区别是:that 表示一种肯定、明确的概念,而 whether (if) 则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。
请看几道考题:
(1)______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. That
B. If
C. Whether
D. Whenever [选C]
(2)______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where [选B]
由于以上区别,所以动词 doubt后接宾语从句时,通常要用 whether (if) 来引导,而不用 that,因为 doubt 表示“怀疑”,其意不肯定、不明确;但是如果它用于否定式,其后的宾语从句则要通常用 that 来引导,因为 not doubt 表示“不怀疑”,其意是肯定的、明确的。
如:
I doubt if [whether] he’ll come. 我拿不准他是否会来。
I don’t doubt that he will succeed. 我敢肯定他会成功。
Do you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会赢吗?
【注】在现代英语中,doubt用于肯定式时其后也可接that从句,不过此时的that仍表示whether的意思:
I doubt that we’ll ever see George again. 我怀疑我们是否还会见到乔治。
类似地,be sure后的名词性从句通常用that引导,而 be not sure 后的名词性从句则通常用whether / if 来引导:
I’m sure that he is honest. 我肯定他是诚实的。
I’m not sure whether (if) he is honest. 我不敢肯定他是否诚实。
英语老师最后编辑于 2011-02-13 09:32:20
英语老师
•相册
•组别:版
主
•性别:保
密
•生
日:1973-
1-1
•来自:
•积
分:1283
3
•帖
子:6051•注册:
2008-09
-132011-02-13 09:32|
树型| 收藏| 小中大3回复:what,that,where ,who ,how在不同从句中的用法
定语从句引导词用法
一、that与which
1. 常规用法:代指指物的先行词
例:I don't believe the story that/which he told me.
2. 特殊用法:
1)用that不用which
a.先行词为不定代词(常用不定代词有:
some(something,somebody,someone),any(anyth ing,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,),all,ea ch,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。
一般来讲,修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。
b. 先行词为序数词或序数词修饰
c. 先行词为最高级或有最高修饰,或表示最高级意义。
d. 先行词有any,only等修饰
1.在there + be 的句型中,句子的主语是先行词,而且又是物。
例如: There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。
There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。
2.当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。
例如:
This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。
3.以Here is (are)开头的句子时。
例如:
Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。
Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。
4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。
例如:
It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。
It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。
5.当先行词是way等词时,关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时,在口语中,常可省略。
例如:
This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。
She admired the way in which I answered the questions. 她羡慕我回答问题的方式。
6.在双重限定性定语从句中,如果一个从句用who或者which引导时,那么另一个从句用that引导。
例如:
He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。
My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn't fa r from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书,并且离这儿不远。
7.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。
例如:
This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。
The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。
8.在强调句子中,并且以who ,which, what开头时。
例如:
Who was it that was lost ? 究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中,最好不用who来代替that,避免重复。
)What was it that you did last week? 你上周究竟做什么了?
9.当先行词有序数词时。
例如:
You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。
This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。
10.当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时,
例如:
This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。
Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值的看的书吗?
11.当先行词既指人又指物时。
例如:
The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。
Let's talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。
12.当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时,关系代词用that,不用which;但用somethin g时,用which或者that均可。
例如:
Everything we have seen in China is moving. 我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。
I have nothing that is worth reading. 我没有什么值得一读的东西。
13.当先行词是疑问代词who时。
例如:
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他?
2)用which不用that
a. 介词后
b. 引导非限制定语从句
3)that与which在从句中为宾语时,可以省略。
二、that/who/whom
1. 常规用法:代指指人的先行词
2. 特殊用法:
1)用that不用who/whom:先行词有人有物时。
2)that/who/whom在从句中为宾语时,可以省略。
三、whose的用法
1. 常规用法:“某人的”:当先行词为指人的词,表示“先行词的”
2. 特殊用法:“某物的”:当先行词为指物的词,表示“先行词的”,一般可以替换为the...of which结构,which代指先行词,...前用the。
四、which的用法
1. 常规用法:代指指物的先行词。
2. 特殊用法:作定语,用于during which time, in which case等结构。
五、as/which
1. 常规用法:代指主句的含义。
2. 区别:
1)含义和译法:which常译为“这”;as常译为“正如,正像”,用于as is known to all, as is repo rted等。
2)位置:as从句可在句首、居中或句末;which从句不可在句首。
六、when/where/why
1.常规用法:副词,时间/地点/原因状语
2.特殊用法:
when--in/on/at which
where--in/on/at which
why--for which
只有在定语从句中才可如此替换。
七、介词+引导词
思路:逻辑语序——介词搭配
八、定语从句解题思路:逻辑语序+引导词用法。