短文填空解题方法及练习
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短文填空解题方法及练习
一、题型特征:
短文填空是近年来许多省市英语中考中普遍采用的一 种测试题型。
它所涉及的知识面广,灵活性高,综合性也 很强。
它主要考
查学生对知识应用的熟练程度, 对语言的 迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力, 反映出学生的英 语素质。
这种题型通常有四种形式: 1、 给出一篇难易适中的短文, 考生根据上下文填上所缺的单词。
2、 给出一篇难易适中的短文, 中间去掉几个单词, 中间去掉几个单词, 给出这些单词的第一个字母,让考生根据短文的上下文的 意思和所给的提示字母,填上所缺的单词。
3、 给出一篇难易适中的短文, 中间去掉几个单词, 时在一个方框内给出一些单词,让考生根据短文的内容, 把这些单词填入空白处,使文章正确,通顺。
4、 给出一篇难易适中的短文, 中间去掉几个单词或短 语,同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思, 让考生根据短 文的上下文
和所给汉语的提示,填上适当的单词或短语。
重庆市的短文填空题采用的基本上是第一种和第二种 形式。
短文填空是近年来重庆市中考英语试题中难度最大, 分度最高的题型。
短文的题材很广泛,有故事、文化习俗、 科普小品、体育等。
考试一般都选取学生比较熟悉的材料, 常考查《大纲》范围内的动词、介词、形容词和副词的级、 名词的数、习惯用语的搭配等。
二、解题技巧: 第一遍通读全文,对文章内容有个整体的认识,了解 大意,建立语言的整体感。
由于这种题型是一种障碍性阅 读,一般首句不挖空,从第二句开始就有可能出现空档, 如果急于求成,欲速则不达,因此粗读、速读、慎读全文, 抓住文章的中心词或中心句, 了解全文大意,是做好短文
填空的关键。
第二遍通读全文,根据上下文的内容来确定所需词的 词义,再根据语法以及整体逻辑关系, 了解所需词的词性,
填入大部分所需词汇。
掌握 词不离句,句不离文”的原则。
把上下文的句法、语法、结构等因素加以综合考虑, 要考虑到固定短语的搭配, 句与句之间的连接词, 特别 以及所 填的单词的词形变化(如:复数、过去式、过去分词、动 词+ ing 形式等)。
第三遍通读全文,对于很难找到恰当词的空白处,不 能只看该空的那一个句子, 而是要根据上下文的提示, 据全文大意,并结合英美人的习惯表达, 来确定这些少数 未填入的词汇。
最后是复查答案,将短文再完整的读一遍,检查时根 据语感和全文的理解, 从语法入手,检查句子的结构,从 文章的中心思想来仔细推敲所填单词是否达意。
全文是否 通顺,上下文是否意思连贯,形式是否正确。
总之,要做好本题必须平时打好扎实的语言基础知识, 不断总结,积累一定的阅读经验和能力, 经常涉猎各种体 裁、题材、风格的文章,培养语感。
When you laugh, you will o 1 your mouth and your teeth. The healthier those teeth are, the happier you look. Why is that? It ' bs 2 your teeth are important in many ways. If you take care of them, they'll help to take care of you. Strong, healthy teeth help you eat the right food to help you grow. They also help you sp eak clearly.
You can take care of your teeth by doing like these: Brush your teeth t 3 a day after breakfast and before
bedtime. If you can, brush a 4 lunch or after eating sweet cakes.
Brush all of your teeth, not just the front ones. Spend some time on the teeth along the sides and in the back. Take your time while brush ing. Spend at l each time you brush. Be sure your toothbrush is soft. Ask you get a new
toothbrush every three m _
5 ___ 3 minutes your parent to help
6 .
Learn how to floss (用牙线清理)your teeth, which is a very important way to keep them healthy. It feels strange when you do it at first, but soon you'll b 7 used to doing it. The floss gets rid of food that's hidde n betwee n your teeth.
Brush ing and floss ing k 8 your teeth healthy. You also need to care about what you eat and drink. Eat l 9 of fruits and vegetables and drink water in stead o 10 dri nks. 1., 5. 2.
6. 3.
7. 4.
8.
9.
10.
Key:
1. open
2. because
3. twice 6. mon ths 7. be 8. kee p
4. after
5. last 9. lots 10.of
例2
Mr. Brow n had an umbrella shop in a small tow n. People sometimes 1 him broke n umbrellas, and the n he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 there.
One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He _ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitt ing in front of him was a man with an umbrella sta nding 4 the seat. When
the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 up the
umbrella as he ofte n did duri ng his journey by train. Just as he was gett ing off, he was 6 by the man. He said an grily,
“ That ' 7 ! ” Mr. Brown ‘ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.
When Mr. Brow n got to the big shop, the shop kee per had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 of them, he said, “ You' ve men ded them very well. ”
In the after noon he got into the train aga in. The 9 man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr. Brown and his six umbrellas, “You' ved a 10 day, ” he said. 1., 5., 9.
2._ 6._ 10.
3. 7.
4. 8.
解析:
这是一篇伞店老板 Mr. Brown 在火车上发生的故事, 是叙述类文章。
所填的词汇都是 《大纲》范围内要求的常
规词汇,因此难度不是很大。
学生应在短文语境中对有用的信息进行推敲,结合整篇文章的内容,确定所需词汇。
通读全文,了解大意。
再读全文,确定所需词的词义和词性,1题为动词,因为该句无谓语,意思是“带来”或“给”,所以填 brought 或 gave, 2题为动词,由于该句是被动语态,意思是被修理”,填me nded或fixed或rep aired, 3题为动词,由空前主语和空后的动词不定式决定,根据下文判断意思是“忘记”,填 forgot, 4 题为介词,由语境决定的,意思是在座
位旁边”,填beside或near, 5题为动词,意思是拾起”,恰好是词组 pick up,故事发生在过去,所以填 picked, 6 题为动词,由于句子是被动语态,填 stopped, 7 题为名词性物主代词,由于句子是主系表结构,意思是“我的”,填 mine, 8 题为代词,由后面的 of 结构决定的,指“每一把或者说全部”,用each或者all, 9题为形容词,由于它修饰的是名词,指“相同的”,用 same, 10题为形容词,由于它修饰的是名词,指“幸运的或好的”,用 lucky 或者 good 。
在完成大部分空的情况下,再通读全文,完成其中较难的空,例如其中的3 题和 8题。
我们做短文填空容易犯错是由于填空时只考虑了单个的句子,而没有注重根据上下文提供的信息去仔细的推敲,有时全文都理解得不错,但却没有注意到单词的词性变化,动词的时态变化等导致错误。
因此,我们在平时就要注意培养短文填空的
能力。
平时要多听、多读、多练来培养英语语
感,应用能力的训练,增强自己的逻辑推理能
力,地提高在一定的语境下综合运用语言的能
力。
难解答短文填空题了。
练习:them work in animal h _____ . Others may work on farms or
at a z ___ . Some study animal diseases and try to find the
w ______ to keep the animals from getting i __ . They do
studies in m _____ for animals. Vets listen to an animal 's
h ______ . They check its ears, eyes, mouth and blood. They
o ______ on animals when they need to. They may give the animals shots(注射)and tell the pets O _____ what food is best.
1.
3
When I was walking down the street one day, I s _____ a small bag on the ground. I picked it up and opened it to see w I could find out the owner 'nsame. There was
n ______ inside it except some dollars and a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old. I put the photo back and took the bag to the police station. Before I left, the policeman wrote down my name and my a __________________ .
He thought the owner might want to thank me.
That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also asked a young woman to have dinner with us. Her face was familiar, but I couldn 'r_t ______________________ where I had seen her. D ________ our talk, the young woman happened to say that she had l ______ her bag that afternoon. All at once I remembered w _______ I had seen her. She was
the young girl in the photo. Though she looked now much o
_______ than the girl in the picture. She was very s ___ ,
of course, when I told her about the bag. After dinner we went to the police station and got back her bag. The policeman said to me, “It 's a wonderful thing. You found only the bag, but also the owner of the bag. ”
1. _________
2. ___________
3. __________
4. __________
5. _________
6. ___________
7. __________
8. __________
1
Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be t __ to do a number of simple jobs .They s ___ that in a film or on TV we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs, bears, or other animals doing a lot of things .If you w carefully, you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for d them. The scientists say that many d ____ animals may be taught
to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something to eat.
Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard house, and elephants can be used to do some heavy j___ And we can also teach animals to work in f _____________ .Apes, for example have b _____ used in America to help make cars and scientists b ____ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and e ____ drive trains.
1. __________
2. __________
3.
6.
5. 7. 4.
8.
9. 10.
2
Do you have a pet? Are you i ________ in taking care of animals? Girls and boys who like animals may want to study to be animal doctors. They are often c ______ “vets
9. 10.
4
Only mother love is true love.
It gives e ______ everything all her life. When you
are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and n _______ and forgets about herself. When you are growing up day by day, she feels very happy.
When you are old e ________ to go to school, mother still looks after you all the t ______ . On cold winter days, she always tells you to p ________ on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back from school every day. When you hurry to leave home for school with little b
______.She always feels worried about you at home. She
u_____ knows about you study and spend much money on
your school things. When you do well at school, you will see the brightest s ____ on her face.
Mother can do everything for you day after day. Mother is always ready to give everything she has to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the w ___ ! We
will r _____ Mother Love for ever!
”
1._. _M_a_n_y__o_f _
2. ______
3.
5._________
6.
4.
7. 8.
注重语言的综合
尤其要不断
这样,就不
2._
6._
10.
4.
8.
3.
7.
5.
9.
9. 10. 5
Let me tell you a story. A good friend of mine lives with six hundred animals on an island. Ever s ___________ he left school, he has traveled all over the world l __________ for ani mals for his own zoo. He writes books about his travels, and about his won derful a ____ . The money for his books helps him to p _______ for all the animal food. My frie nd told me that whe n he was look ing for water last week (There is not eno ugh water on the isla nd, though there is a lot all around it ) , he f __ oil .He n ______ m oney for his travels and for his zoo , and a little oil would buy e water for a long time , but he knows that if he tells an ybody else about it , it will be the e of his zoo and his life think he will not tell anybody e _______ you and me about what he found — because oil and water can ' be p _________ together. Oil may bring greater trouble to his animals than not havi ng eno ugh water. Do you think so? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5., 9.. 9.
6._ 10.. 10.
7. 8.
5.
9. 6._ 10. 7. 8. 6 Can animals be made to work for people? Some scie ntists think that one day ani mals may be trained to do a nu mber of simple jobs i _________ o f people. They say that at a circus, for e _______ , we may see ele phan ts, mon keys, dogs and other ani mals doing q ________ skillful thin gs. P erha ps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely , you may find that the trainer always g the animal some sugar o r a piece of fruit as a reward .The scie ntists say that many d _____ ani mals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward f doing that . Of course, as we know, dogs can be trained to l
___ after a house, and soldiers in both old and moder n t ____ h ave used geese to give warning by m _______ a lot of no ise whe n an enemy comes near. And also it may be possible to train ani mals to work in families or f
1.
8
If you don ' use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they will gradually become stron ger aga in. Everybody knows this. Yet many people do not seem to know that it is the s _____ with memory. When some one says that he has a good memory, he really means that he d ________ give it eno ugh cha nee to become stron ger.
If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we k . that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor ^mory^m 』ny of us think that his p ___ are to blame , and f ______ of us know that it is just his own fault.
Have you e ________ found some people can ' read or write but they usually have b ______ memories? This is b ______ they cannot read or write and they h ___________ to remember things; they cannot write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and
stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised.
So if you want a good memory, l ____ from these people: p ractice rememberi ng. 1. 2. 5., 9.
6._ 10.
3. 7.
2. 3. 4. 4. 8.
5. 9.
6._ 10.
7.
8. 9
Henry was worried. This was his first time to go traveli ng by air. He did not know h ____________ to find his seat, so he went to the air hostess and asked, “ Could you help
can ' t find my seat. ” The air hostess s ________ him the seat ar
told him to sit d _____ and fasten the seat belt. She told Henry not to m ______ about whe n the plane was going up. And she also said that Henry ' sjars might feel a little s _ , but he didn ' rteed to worry about it b _______________________ many people felt like that. When the plane was f __________
very high, Henry could sta nd up and walk round. He could e read books, n ews papers or see films. The air hostess would b ______ food and drinks. Henry could e __________ the
flight and arrived home soon. 1. 2. __________ 3.
6. 7. 5. 4.
8. 7 means the earth, the sun, the moon and the them .Ma ny of the stars are so 9. 10. The u stars and the space b f ____ away that we can not see them. The moon, our satellite, travels a ___ the earth. It has already bee n visited b ______ man from the earth. Man-made satellites have bee n sent up i ______ s p ace by many coun tries .They go round the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more a _______ the earth, the weather and other thin gs. They are also used for sending and r ___________ messages. It makes people f ______ different countries understand each other much better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much I
f
I
II
t,
II
I
((
s ____ ■ --- ■ village place. People call the small place the global 2. 3. 4. ' 10 Maybe you are more in terested in sp orts tha n in history. You p robably think you will n ever be a top stude nt. I n , anyone can become a better stude nt if he or she wants to. If you
can use your time well, you may improve your study much work.
Here ' s how:
I Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a ______ of thing that you have to do. First
write dow n the time for eati ng, slee ping, dress ing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldn ‘ t take all of your time. Don ‘ t forget to leave eno ugh _______ for hobbies.
Find a good p lace to study. Look around the house ___
______ u st a corner of your room. No games, radio, televisi on! When you sit dow n to work, think only about the subject! Make good use of your time in class. Listen _______ or to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class means less work later. You also need to take notes in class, because it can_____ it easier for you to lear n well. There are only a few ways men ti oned here to ___ you with your studying. I believe you find _______ other ways besides these. 1. 2._ 6._ 10. 5. 9.
3., 7.
4., 8. 11 Seumas Mcsporran is a very b _____ man. He is 60 years old and he has thirtee n jobs. He is a po stma n, a p olicema n ,a fireman , a taxi driver , a school-bus driver, a boatman ,an ambula nee man , an acco untant, a p etrol atte ndant, a barma n , and an un dertaker .Also, he and his wife , Margaret , have a shop and a small hotel. Seumas l
_______________________________________and works on the isla nd of Gigha in the west of Scotla nd. Only 120 people live on Gigha but in s 150 tourists come by b _____ every day. Every weekday Seumas gets up at six and makes b for the hotel guests. At eight he drives the island ' children to s _____ . At nine he collects the post from the boat and delivers it to all the houses on the isla nd. He also delivers the beer to the island 'oniy pub. Then he helps Margaret in the s ____ .He says : “ Margaret likes being busy,
too. We n _________ have w _____ televisi on. In the and I do the acco un ts. At the n we go to bed. P like it. ” 1. 5. 9. 13
When you go to England you may find the traffic there is differe nt from ours. As a f ___ you must be c ________ in the streets, because the traffic d __ on the left. You must look to the right and the n the left before you cross a street.
In the morning and in the evening whe n people go to or come back from work, the streets are very b ____ . Traffic is most d _______ t he n.
When you go by bus in En gla nd, you have to take care, too. Always r _______ the traffic m ______ on the left. You have to t _____ a look first or you will go to the w ___ way.
In many English cities there are big buses with two f . You can sit on the sec ond one. From there you can
see the city very well. 1. _________ 2._ 5. ___________ 6._ 9. 10.
3.
7. 4. 8. 2._ 6._
10.
holidays and we don ' t like evening Margaret makes supper ten we have a glass of wine and our life isn ' t very exciting, but 3., 7. 4., 8. 14
Which animal do we need m ___________ ? Dogs? Horses? No! The a ______ to the questi on is cows. Why cows? Cows give us milk. And milk is one of our most imp orta nt k of food.
Suppose 假设)that all the milk cows make in one year
were put i ____ bottles. And supp ose these bottles were put side by side. The line of bottles would go all around the world 400 t ______ .That is a lot of milk, less than half of it is used for d ______ and cooking. Most of it is u ________ t o make butter cheese, ice cream and many other thin gs. It takes many cows to give us that m _
m ilk. But not as many as it used to. A cow used to give only about 1,500 quarts ( 夸 脱)of milk a year. Now a fine cow may g more tha n w
^,000 quarts in a year. Why do cows give more milk today? Now farmers have better cows. The cows get better c ____ and better food. 1. _________ 2. ___________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. ___________8. __________ 9. 10. 12
Tim spent in a booksh op can be enjoyable. If you go to a
good s _________ , no assista nt will come n ear to you and say, “ Can I h ___ ou?” You needn ' t buy a _____________ you don want. You may try to find out where the book you want is. But if you w ________ , the assistant will lead you there and then he will go away. It seems that he is not interested i _____ selli ng any books at all. There is a story which t _____
us about a good shop. A medical stude nt found a very useful book in a shop, but it is too expensive for him to b _______ . He couldn ' get it from the library, e ______ . So every after noon he went there to r ______ a little at a time. One day, however, he couldn ‘ t find the book from its usual p lace and was leavi ng whe n he saw an assista nt sig ning to him. To his s ______ , the assista nt poin ted to the book in a corner, “I put it there so as not to be sold out. ” Saitle assistant. Then he let the student go on with his read ing. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 9. 6._ 10. 7. 8. 15 Here ' s a part of an-mail answer from Joe giving some “ When I wasy oun g, I ofte n met do and what not to advice to his son in college. t about what to grandmother told me not to worry about those o did them once a year or once a I ________ , I should try to do well those things, them every day. For exa mple, I n eed to eat every day, so I should lear n how to c ______ . I n eed to talk to o ____ every day, so I should learn how to work with d _______ people and know how to s _________ well. I walk every day, so my s ________ should be all right and comfortable. Every night I sleep, so my bed should let me have a good rest. Taking care of the e __________ things m __________ that you do a better job of the one in a lifetime things as well. ” 1., 5., 9. do. My things. I lifetime. and I do
2._ 6._ 10.
3. 7.
4. 8. 16
needs friends. We all like to feel close to
Every one some on e. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh, and
things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We don't always want people a ___ . But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.
No two people are just the same. Sometimes friends don't g _____ on well. That doesn't mean that they no longer like e _____ other. Most of the time they will make up and go o _____ being friends.
Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We m ____________ them very much. But we call them and write
to them. It could be that we would even see them again. And we can make new f ________ . It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.
Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. M _______ places are named after men and women
who have been friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We t __________ of these people when we go to these places.
There's more good news for people who have friends. They live l ____________ than people who don't. Why It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares. If someone cares about you, you take better care of y 1. 2. 3. 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. 9. __________ 10. ___________ inventor made the first train in 1825, using a stream engine. When he was experimenting with the engine o ____ the train, he met with troubles from the government, the
newspapers and the gentlemen in the country. They said that the n _______ and the smoke would kill cows, horses and sheep, that the engine would burst or that the hot coals from it would set fire to their houses. People believe w they said.
George Stephenson told the people that the train could go on small rails, could pull carriages f __ of goods and passengers and that there was no great danger to them. It was a very difficult matter for him to make them believe. H __________ , after some time, he was able to do it, and the first train, that was driven by George Stephenson himself proved what he had said. On the train there was a new steam engine. It was invented by him, and was proved a complete s _________ .
The first day when the train ran on the rails, people along the way heard the noise of the train in the distance, and saw it running quickly to them. They thought it was a genie. They ran quickly back home for fear and closed their doors tightly. They did not dare to come o until it had passed. A week l ______ an old woman still said that her hen had been so frightened that it hadn't laid any eggs for three days. 1. __________ 2. _________ 3. __________ 4.__________ 5. __________ 6. _________ 7. __________ 8.__________ 9. __________ 10. __________
18
Most of American businesses are open five days a week.
American school children attend school five days a week as well.
American families usually have a t ______ days 'weekend. The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. Over the weekend people spend their time in many d __________________ ways. Many families enjoy the w ____ together . They may go shopping, go for a drive or visit friends. They may also invite
friends over and have a p at home. Many American families participate ( 参加 )in sports during the weekend. R ______ , biking, playing volleyball and swimming are p _________ in summer. Skiing and skating are the f ___ winter sports.
Weekends are also a time for American families to work on something in their yards or in t ________ houses. Many families plant flowers and have vegetable gardens. Some families use the weekends to paint o ___ repair their houses. F _____ most Americans, weekends are very busy. 1. _________ 2. ___________ 3. __________ 4. ___________ 5. _________ 6. ___________ 7. __________ 8. ___________ 9. _________ 10. __________ 19
Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. The family car has b ___________ a common thing s _________ the early twentieth century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved o of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Americans spend two h _______ a day or more in their cars g ____ to work and home again. Cars have become the m _________ of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations. Americans u _______ to like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, h ___________ , the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become m ________ . common. Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought large n ____________________ of Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well. 1.
2._
5. _________
6._
9. _________ 10. 20
Many teenagers have problems that worry them. Some do not learn their subjects well. Some are good at learning and do well in exams, but they are doing so poorly in sports that their classmates call them “ bookworms ”. So many teen suffer (受痛苦)from stress. The good news is that there some simple ways to d with stress.
Firstly, eating a h ___ diet, getting enough sleep and doing exercise are very important. How can we be happy if we are not fit?
For school work, planning ahead can help. Making a l of the things they need to do and planning when to do
them can help students o __ their time. If you are weak in a
subject, studying hard and asking a teacher for a _____ can help.
Students should pay n _______ attention to people who laugh at them. I ____ , they should think the things are good.
Then students should also make e ________ time for their hobbies. Playing sport, reading and watching films help them
4.
8. 17
Most great inventors often met with much trouble in their
work. Before they could succeed, they had to t of
difficulties which were put in their
following is one of such examples.
George Stephenson (1781~~1848), a f _______ overcome way. The British 3. 7. 4. 8.
r ____ .
F ____ , it is suitable for teenagers to share their problems
8.
with their friends and parents. 1. 5. 9.
2._ 6._ 10.
3. 7.
4. 8.
1.trouble(s )
6.different
2.only
3.Instead
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4. on
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KEYS:1 1.taught 2.say 3.watch 4.doing 5.different 6.jobs 7.factories 8.been 9.believe 10.even . KEYS:17
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2.famous
3.on
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5.what
6.full ter KEYS:2 1.interested
7.medicine 2.called
8.heart 3.hospitals 4.zoo 5.ways 6. ill
9.operate 10.owners . KEYS:18
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10. put
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6.or 10.many / some / several KEYS:19
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KEYS:15 KEYS:20
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