初中英语语法专题资料(含讲义与练习试题)

第一讲名词和冠词
一名词：
世界上由万事万物构成的，这些事物各有名称，表示这些名称的名词叫作名词。

名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词
专有名词：表示具体的人名，事物，地名，机构和节日等名称的词称为专有名词。

（专有名词开头第一个字母必须大写）
①表示人：Yang Liwei 杨利伟Alice 爱丽丝
②表示事物：the Changjiang River 长江December 十二月
③表示地名：Macao 澳门New York 纽约
④表示节日: Christmas Day 圣诞节Children’s Day 儿童节
⑤表示机构：WTO 世界贸易组织the University of London 伦敦大学
普通名词：指一类人，事物，物质或抽象概念的名称。

（一）名词的单复数形式：可数名词的单复数形式
2. 不规则变化
⑴名词复数的特殊形式
man—men, woman—women, policeman—policemen, Englishman—Englishmen,
foot—feet, tooth—teeth, child—children, German—Germans
⑵有些名词的单复数形式同形
Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish
⑶合成名词，只将其主题词变为复数形式
girl student—girl students pencil-box—pencil-boxes
⑷由man和woman构成的合成词，全部变成复数
man doctor—men doctors woman teacher ---women teachers
⑸只有复数的名词
trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, goods, compasses, stairs, people, scissors, chopsticks
⑹不可数名词的数量表达
a piece of bread/meat; five drops of water; six bags of rice; seven pairs of shoes;
eight basketball of apples; nine piece of news
课堂练习：
A组：选择最佳答案
1. Mrs. Lenny gave us ______________ on how to learn English well.
A) some advices B) many advices C) some advice D) an advice
2. If these trousers are too big, buy a small _______________
A) set B) one C) pair D) copy
3. A group of __________ are talking about two ______________
A) Frenchmans; Germen B) Germans; Frenchmans
C) Frenchmen; Germans D) German; Frenchmen
4. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---______________, please.
A) two cup of coffee B) two cups of coffee
C) two cups of coffees D) two cup of coffees
5. My mother and my sister are both _____________________
A) woman teachers B)women teacher C) woman teacher D) women teachers
6. We needn’t buy any __________. There are many in the fridge.
A) fruit B) milk C) meat D) eggs
7. How many ___________ can you see?
A) milks B) a glass of milk C) glasses of milks D) glasses of milk
8. I think maths ______________ very useful.
A) is B) are C) am D) be
9. The little baby has two __________ already.
A) tooth B) tooths C) teeth D) teeths
10. I’m thirsty, please make _________ for me.
A) a tea B) a cup of tea C) teas D) a cup of teas
B组：用所给词的正确形式填空
1. I have two _________________(knife).
2. They come from different _________________(country).
3. The _________(meet) begins at 2:00 in the afternoon.
4. We have quite lots of nice ___________(photo). Let me show you some of them.
5. How many ___________(foot) does a cat have?
6. There are many ___________(bus) on the road.
7. Look at the picture, a lion is running after a group of _____________(deer).
8. Here is a birthday card for you with our best _____(wish).
9. Changjiang River is one of the longest ______________(river) in China.
10. The students in Class 1 are all __________________(Japan).
C 组：判断对错
1. A: My glasses is broken. ( ) B: My glasses are broken. ( )
2. A: I want to buy two pairs of shoes. ( )
B: I want to buy two shoes. ( )
3. A: I need a few ink. ( ). B: I need a little ink. ( )
4. A: Don’t eat too much meat. ( ) B: Don’t eat too much meats. ( )
5. A: May I borrow two radioes? ( ) B: May I borrow two radios? ( )
(二) 名词所有格：表示名词所属关系的一种形式
1. 单数名词的所有格，只需在词尾加’s Jim’s sister Lucy’s pen
2. 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只加’the students’ book Teachers’ Day
3. 不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，应加’s Children’s Day Women’s Day
4. 表示几个人共有的东西，只需要在最后一个人的名词后面加’s, Lucy and Lily’s bedroom
5. 表示各自所有的，则每个名词都加’s Lucy’s and Lily’s desks
6. 名词所有格常用省略式，省去被名词所有格修饰的名词at the doctor’s
7. “of+ 名词所有格”，通常作后置定语，这种结构通常指整体中的部分或一个
a friend of my father’s the window of the room
A组：选择最佳答案
1. Tony’s car is more beautiful than _______________________.
A) his brother’s and sister B) his brother and sister
C) his brothers and sisters D) his brother and sister’s
2. ---How long does it take to get to the station? ---It’s ____________ walk.
A) six minute’s B) six-minutes C) six minutes’D) six minutes
3. These are _____________ bikes.
A) Jin and Sam’s B) Jim’s and Sam C) Jim and Sam D) Jim’s and Sam’s
4. Twelve __________ were hurt, but no __________ were lost in the accident.
A) person; life B) people; lives C) peoples; lives D) persons; life
5. There’s something important in _________________.
A) paper of today B) today newspaper’s C) today newspaper D) today’s newspaper
6. Miss Smith is a friend of _______________
A) Mary’s mother’s B) Mary’s mother C) Mary mother’s D) mother’s of Mary
7. Joan is _____________ sister.
A) Mary and Jack B) Mary’s and Jack’s C) Mary’s and Jack D) Mary and Jack’s
8. I will give you __________ to finish it.
A) two week’s time B) two week time C) two weeks’ time D) two weeks time
9. This is not your radio, but __________________
A) yours brother B) your brother’s C) you brother’s D) yours brother’s
10. My school is about twenty __________ walk from here?
A)minute B) minutes’C) minute’s D) minutes
二冠词：
英语中名词前常会出现a,an或the这三个词，用来说明名词所表示的人或事物，冠词是虚词，是名词的一种标志，它不能脱离名词独立存在，不能单独作句子成分。

（一）不定冠词a; an
1. 不定冠词表示数量中的“一个”，但是数的概念没有one强烈。

修饰单数可数名词。

用来指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明何人何物。

a 用在辅音因素开头的词前，
a pen, a useful book; an用在以元音因素开头的词前，an apple, an hour, an honest boy
2. 用在某些固定的短语中：in a minute, for a walk, have a good time, have a look等
（二）定冠词的用法
1. 特指说话双方都知道的人或事物。

Look at the blackboard.
2. 用在表示宇宙中独一无二的事物的名词前。

the sun, the moon, the earth
3. 对前面已提到过的人或事物，第二次提到时加定冠词，用以表示特指。

I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.
4. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。

They live on the tenth floor.
5. 用在某些形容词前，表示“一类人”
the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the deaf, the blind
6. 用在乐器名称前play the violin play the piano
7. 在姓氏的复数形式之前，表示一家人the Smiths the Lis
8. 用在方位词前
9. 用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前
10. 用在某些固定的词组中in the morning in the open air
(三) 不用冠词的情况
1. 某些专有名词前China, Class Four,
2. 在球类运动名称和三餐饭前面，一般不用冠词have lunch, play football
3. 在季节，日期，星期，节日和学科的名称前，不用冠词in spring, in June, on Monday
4. 在不可数名词（抽象名词和物质名词）前面，一般不用冠词
We have all played with snow and ice.
5. 名词前面已经作定语用的this, these, that, those, my, their, your, his, some, many 等词时，常常不用冠词。

her pocket, this handbag, some pizza
6. 一些习惯用法和固定短语中，常不用冠词in bed, after school, by bus
课堂练习：
A组：选择最佳答案
1. There’s ____________ “h” in the word “house”.
A) a B) / C) an D) the
2. Jack bought _________ useful book. _________ book is also very interesting.
A) an; The B) a; The C) an; / D) a; A
3. ---Can I help you, madam? ---I’m looking for ________pair of shoes for my daughter.
A) the B) an C) a D) some
4. _________ elephant is much heavier than a house.
A) A B) An C) The D) /
5. After watching TV, she played __________ guitar for an hour.
A) / B) the C) an D) a
6. ---Where is Xiao Ming? ---He’s having _________ rest over there.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
7. We have three meals ______ day. We have _____ breakfast at 6:30 in _____morning every day.
A) the; the; the B) the;/; the C) a;/;the d) a; the; the
8. The cartoon “Mulan” is _______ interesting film and ________ story happened in China.
A) a; the B) an; the C) the; a D) an; a
9. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on _______ third Sunday in _________ June.
A) the; / B) the; a C) /; the D) a; /
10. What ________ interesting book it is!
A) a B) an C) the D) /
B组：判断对错
1. Please turn off lights before you leave. ( )
2. I live on a second floor of this building. ( )
3. I like to climb the mountain in the autumn. ( )
4. The little boy wanted to go to cinema. ( )
5. I went to New York by car. ( )
本节妙语巧记
第二讲代词和数词
一代词
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语，不定式，动词的-ing形式或句子的词。

单数：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I
复数：we and you; we and they; you and they; we, you and they
4. 疑问代词：what，which, who, whom, whose等
5. 指示代词：是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，具有指定的含义。

this；that; these; those
6. 不定代词：不明确指代某个（某些）人，某个（些）事物的代词。

⑴some, any, many, much, a lot of 与lots of
①many 修饰或代词可数名词的复数。

②much 修饰或代替不可数名词。

③a lot of和lots of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。

④some和any 表示“一些”，即不确定的或未知的数量数目。

Some通常用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。

Some可用在表示邀请或请求的疑问句中，强调希望对方给予肯定回答。

Would you like some apples?
⑵other 与another 的用法
①other 具有代词性质，既可指人，也可指物。

other表示“另外的”，“其他的”，the other表示“两者中的另一个”，the others表示“其余的（指在一个范围内的其他全部）”，others用于泛指，表示“其余的人或物”。

②another 具有代词性质，既可指人，也可指物，表示“另一个”（是泛指中的“另外一个”，并不是两者中的另一个）或“又一个”。

⑶each 与every 表示“每一”
①each强调“个别”，可单独使用，也可修饰单数名词或跟of引导的介词短语；every修饰单数名词，强调“整体”，相当于汉语中的“每个都”。

②everyone与every one的区别：everyone意为“每人”，“人人”，只指人，不指物，后面不能
跟of引导的介词短语；every one 意为“每个”，通常用来指物，后面能跟of引导的介词短语。

③every 及其所构成的复合代词everybody, everyone, everything作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

④“every+基数词+复数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”表示“每隔……”, 译成汉语减去一：every three days 每隔两天every third days 每三天
⑷no 和none 表示“无”，“没有”
①no= not a, not any作定语，后跟可数名词或不可数名词；none后跟引导的介词短语，在句中作主语或宾语，表示“没有任何东西或人”。

②nobody, no one, nothing只能单独使用，后面不跟of引导的介词短语。

③nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作简略答语。

一般情况下，nothing回答what问句；nobody 或no one回答who问句；none回答how many或how much问句。

⑸all, both, whole表示“都”，“全部”
①both指两个人或事物，而all指三个或者三个以上的人或事物。

②both和all都可直接修饰名词；名词前如有限定时，其前只能用both of 或all of.。

③both和all在句中位于be动词之后，行为动词之前，如有情态动词或助动词，则位于情态动词或助动词与行为动词之前。

注：both的反义词是neither; all的反义词是none
⑹neither与either 的用法：
neither 表示“两者都不”；either表示“两者之一”或“两者中的任何一个”。

后面跟单数名词或“of+宾格人称代词/带限定词的复数名词”。

⑺few, a few和little, a little
①few 和a few 指代可数名词；little和a little指代不可数名词。

a little修饰不可数名词时相当于a bit of. few 和little表示“没有几个”，“很少”，含否定意义；a few 和a little 表示“有几个”，“有一些”，含有肯定意义
②口语中常用only a few 或only a little表示“只有一些（点）”，quite a few表示“相当多”
⑻one, ones 指代名词
①one 指代单数可数名词，ones指代复数名词，泛指某（些）人或某（些）物。

②one 或ones前有the, this, that 或these, those等词时，表示特指某（些）人或某（些）物。

课堂练习：
A组：选择最佳答案(人称代词，物主代词，反身代词)
1. Mary, please show ___________ your picture.
A) my B) mine C) I D) me
2. ---Did you find your watch yesterday?
---No, I didn’t find _________, but I’ve bought ____________________.
A) it; it B) one; one C) it; one D) one; it
3. Do you know the boy sitting between Peter and _____________?
A) she B) I C) his D) me
4. What’s wrong with ______________?
A) him B) he C) his D) /
5. The skirt is ____________. She made it _______________.
A) hers; herself B) her; herself C) herself; hers D) herself; her
6. Let ____________ carry the heavy bag for the old woman.
A) you and B) I and you C) me and you D) you and me
7. ---Would you like some more ice? ---Yes. Just _______________
A) a few B) few C) little D) a little
8. I saw _________ playing in the garden at that time.
A) them B) they C) their D) theirs
9. He has a good room, but I don’t think it’s a big as ______________
A) I B) me C) mine D) my
10. Mr. Li teaches __________ English.
A) us B) we C) our D) ours
11. A friend of ___________ came here yesterday.
A) my B) his C) her D) your
12. You cannot finish the work __________. Let me give you a helping hand.
A) you B) yourself C) by you D) you only
B组：选择最佳答案（不定代词）
1. I want _________ books to read. Do you have ___________?
A) some; any B) any; some C) any; any D) some; some
2. I have two pens. One is red, _________ is blue.
A) the other B) others C) other D) another
3. ---You look so happy! ---Jack says I am pretty. __________ has ever told me that before.
A) Somebody B) Anybody C)Everybody D) Nobody
4. ---Can you cook eggs with tomatoes?
---Yes, of course. ____________ can do it, it is easy.
A) Anyone B) Someone C) No one D) Everyone else
5. Mike and Joan are __________ good at maths.
A) neither B) both C) each D) no one
6. There is _________ snow this winter.
A) many B) more C) much D) a few
7. There are six people in the office. ___________ of them are Party members.
A) All B) Both C) No one D) Neither
8. That scientist was too busy to work in his lab. He had ________ time to do the research work.
A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
9. All the students had gone out. There was __________ in the classroom.
A) somebody B) anybody C) nobody D) everybody
10. ---When shall we go to the park, this morning or this afternoon?
---_________ is OK. I’m free the whole day.
A) Either B) Neither C) None D) Both
C 组：用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Let _______ have a look. The coat isn’t mine. __________ coat is on the bed. (I)
2. ---Have you got ________ blue T-shirts?
---No, but we’ve got _________ brown ones. (some)
3. ---Do you like these yellow flowers?
---No, but I like the red _________(one)
4. Help _________ to some fish, Timmy. It’s delicious. (you)
5. __________ did you go to the movie with? (who)
6. She gave the bats to you and ___________(myself)
7. David is an old classmate of ______________(we).
8. Tom runs as fast as _______________(I)
D组：单句改错：下面每句均有一处错误，指出并加以改正
( ) 1. ---Are those English-Chinese dictionaries? ---Yes, those are.
A B C D
( ) 2. Everyone of the buses is here.
A B C D
( ) 3. He sister is nine this year.
A B C D
( ) 4. ---Who’s that? ---It is Peter.
A B C D
( ) 5. ---Who are not at school today?
A B C D
( ) 6. My parents both are Chinese teachers.
A B C D
( )7. There are six storybooks on the shelf. What one do you want?
A B C D
( )8. She will teach our English.
A B C D
( ) 9. ---Whose bike is this? ---It’s me.
A B C D
( ) 10. Could you let me have any money, mother?
A B C D
二数词：
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。

数词分为基数词，序数词，小数，分数和百分数。

⑴表示“几十几”（21-99）的基础词，由十位数和个位数之间加连字号“-”构成。

⑵表示“几百几”（101-999）的基数词，百位数hundred之后加and, 再加十位数或个位数。

⑶1，000以上的数目表示方法是，从右向左用分节号“，”分节，每三个数字为一个节，第一个分节号前用thousand, 第二个分节号前用million, 第三个分节号前用billion(美)
如：1，214，000，000
one billion, two hundred and fourteen million
⑷基数词表示具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million用单数。

在表示“数百”，“数千”，“数百
万”等不确定数目时，在hundreds, thousands, millions 后接“of+名词复数”。

⑸表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的岁数或年代。

⑹“基础词+名词”构成的合成形容词作定语，其中的名词用单数:
two-month holiday 两个月的假期
⑴序数词前要加定冠词the, 在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前。

⑵序数词前加不定冠词a/an，表示“再一”，“又一”的意思
⑶给东西编号时，序号在前用序数词，序号在后用基数词。

⑷房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。

⑸分数表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子是1，分母用单数；分子大于1，分母用复数：one fourth 或a quarter 1/4, three fourths 3/4
3. 年份，日期，时刻读法
⑴年份：四位数通常分两组来读。

1905读作nineteen five 或nineteen and five
⑵日期，世纪用序数词表示。

⑶时刻的读法
课堂练习：
A组：选择最佳答案
1. _________ of the students are boys in our school.
A) Two thirds B) Two third C) Second three D) Second thirds
2. It is ____________ next Sunday.
A) Mary ninth birthday B) Mary nine birthday
C) Mary’s nine birthday D) Mary’s ninth birthday
3. ---Could you please tell me what time it is now? ---Certainly, it’s ___________.
A) ten and twenty B) twenty past ten C) ten twenty D) both B and C
4. The __________ letter in the word “possible” is “i”.
A) five B) second C) two D) fifth
5. It is over __________ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.
A) three hours’ drive B) three hour’s drive C) three hours’ drives D) three hours drive
6. Our summer holiday is coming. Two ________ the students in our school will go to the beach.
A) hundred B) hundreds C) hundred of D) hundreds of
7. ---Excuse me, how does this number 20,135 read? ---It reads __________________
A) twenty thousands one hundred and thirty-five.
B) twenty thousand one hundred thirty five
C) twenty thousand one hundred and thirty- five
D) twenty thousands one hundred thirty five
8. He wrote a ___________ report.
A) two-thousand-words B) two-thousand-word
C) two-thousands-word D) two-thousands-words
9. ---What’s one fourth and a half, do you know？
---Yes, it’s ______________________
A) two sixths B) three fourths C) one three D) three sixths
10. The _________ month of the year is December.
A) two B) second C) twelve D) twelfth
B组：用所给词的正确形式填空
1. We live on ______________ floor. (nine).
2. Please take _____________ turning on the left. (two)
3. __________ month is April. (four)
4. We will learn ____________ unit. (three)
5. __________ runner is a winner. (eight)
6. The meeting will be finished on December the _________________(twenty-three).
7. October is the ___________(ten) month of the year.
8. Look at the photo! The _________(five) man from the left is our class teacher, Mr. Wang.
9. Does Mary sit in the ___________(one) row?
10. The ____________(twelve) month of the year is December.
C组：单句改错：下面每句均有一处错误，指出并加以改正
( ) 1. I’m in Class Three, Seven Grade.
A B C D
( ) 2. What Grade are you in ?
A B C D
( ) 3. It’s twelve thirty o’clock.
A B C D
( ) 4. ---What’s the time? ---It was September 20th, 2006.
A B C D
( ) 5. Thursday is the fiveth day of a week.
A B C D
( ) 6. His phone number is three, four, nine; zero, nine, two, eight.
A B C D
( ) 7. I usually get up at half to six in the morning.
A B C D
( ) 8. This is his twentieth-first trip this year.
A B C D
( ) 9. It takes him half hour to get to work by car.
A B C D
( ) 10. There are fourty students in our class.
A B C D
本节妙语巧记
第三讲形容词和副词
一形容词
形容词是描述人和事物的特征，性质，属性或状态的一种开放性词类。

包括简单形容词和复合形容词两类。

形容词的语法功能：
1. 形容词作表语要放在系动词后面。

常见的系动词有：look 看起来，sound 听起来，smell 闻起来，taste 尝起来，get 变得，become 变成，grow 长成，turn 转变成，go变，come 成为，seem 看上去，keep 保持。

2. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在代词的后面。

3. 表示长，宽，高，深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。

4. else只能做后置定语。

修饰疑问代词what, who, whom, whose 和不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等。

5. 只能作表语的形容词
afraid 害怕的；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened 害怕的
6. 只能作定语的形容词
⑴little 小的，only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的
⑵复合形容词：English-speaking 说英语的；glass-topped 玻璃罩的；kind-hearted 善良的；
man-made 人造的take-away 可以带走的
7. 貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的friendly 友好的lively 生动的lovely 可爱的
8. 记住下列句型
⑴“It's + adj. + of+ sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。

注意：这一句型中的形容词有good, kind, nice, polite(礼貌的), clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy (懒惰的)，careful( 细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的), wrong等等。

⑵“It's + adj. +for +sb.+ 不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”
注意：这一句型常用的形容词有difficult(困难)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting （有趣的），impossible(不可能的)等等。

⑶表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sorry(遗憾的，抱歉的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(欣慰的)等，其后常接不定式。

⑷表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able（有能力的），sure(一定)，
certain(一定)等，其后常接不定式。

⑸表示判断的形容词right, wrong, good, nice, terrible, wonderful, surprising, interesting, lucky, strange, important, necessary等，可用于“ It is + adj. +for sb. + 不定式”或“It is + adj. +that从句”两种句型中。

9. 形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中的形容词常有三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。

大部
分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的，属于规则变化，但也有少数是没有规则的。

英语中有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。

这类形容词有：
right 正确wrong 错误excellent 最好的final 最后的last 最后的
possible 可能的first 第一eastern 东方的empty 空的impossible 不可能的wooden 木质的favourite 最喜欢的
10. 形容词比较等级的用法：
⑴原级的常用句型结构
①“甲+be+as+原级+as+乙”表示甲乙两者程度相同。

②“甲+be+not+as/so+原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙”。

③“甲+be+less+ 原级+as+乙”表示“甲比乙差”。

⑵比较级常用的句型结构：
①“甲+be+比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”
注意：比较级前可用much, even, still, a bit, a little等加强语气。

②“甲+be+比较级+than+any other + 单数名词（+介词短语）”表示“甲比任何一个人、物都…”，含义是“甲最….”。

③“甲+be+the+比较级+of+the two+复数名词”表示“甲是两者中较…的”。

④“比较级+ and+ 比较级”表示“越来越…”
⑤“the+比较级，the + 比较级“表示”越…, 越…”
⑶最高级常用的句型结构：
①“主语+be+the+最高级+单数名词+ in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。

②“主语+ be+one of the +最高级+ 复数名词+in/ of短语”表示“……是…..中最…之一”。

③“特殊疑问词+be+ the + 最高级+ 甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者之间的比较。

课堂练习：
A组：选择最佳答案
( ) 1. Tom is ____________ Jack.
A) tall as B) so tall as C) taller than D) the tallest than
( ) 2. She has a young, pretty face, but her real age is ___________.
A) much old B) more old C) much older D) the oldest
( ) 3. Some young people are now ___________ to buy private cars.
A) rather rich B) very rich C) rich enough D) enough rich
( ) 4.Sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ___________ about the news.
A) a little B) little C) few D) a few
( ) 5. Of all the shoes in your shop, is this pair ____________ one?
A) very good B) much better C) a cheaper D) the cheapest
( ) 6. Mrs. Green gave Lucy ______________ to eat.
A) delicious something B) Chinese something
C) something English D) something England
( ) 7. These shoes are much too ___________ for me.
A) big B) bigger C) biggest D) the biggest
( ) 8. The population problem may be ___________ one of the world today.
A) the most B) most difficult C) the greatest D) more interesting
( ) 9. She is ___________ than any other girl in her class.
A) thiner B) thinner C) thin D) the thinnest
( ) 10. Who is ____________ of you three ?
A) the oldest B) much older C) oldest D) older
( ) 11. Can we do our work with __________ money and __________people?
A) less; least B) lesser; few C) few; less D) little; less
( ) 12. Which do you think is _________, the chicken or the fish?
A) good B) better C) best D) well
B组：用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Houses in some cities now are much ______________(expensive) than before.
2. ---It’s much ___________(dry) in Yunnan this summer, isn’t it?
---yes, it is.
3. The more exercise you take, the __________(health) you’ll be.
4. It often rains in April in China. It’s the ___________(wet) month of a year.
5. There are four people in my family. I’m the _____________(young) of all.
6. It is just as ____________ today as it was yesterday. (hot)
7. The apples will get ___________ and ___________when autumn comes. (big, red)
8. I’m afraid that the old man can’t go any ______________(far).
9. Which is ____________, an elephant or a tiger? (strong)
10. That is _______________ of all. (easy)
11. Lucy plays the piano _____________________(wonderful) than Kate.
12. She cried _____________ and ______________(hard).
C组：单词改错
( ) 1. The most boys like out-door games.
A B C D
( ) 2. The young are always exciting about playing football.
A B C D
( ) 3. He is an English. He speaks English very well.
A B C D
( ) 4. All of teachers are good to us.
A B C D
( ) 5. It is black a car. It’s a Japanese car.
A B C D
二副词
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或全句，表示时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。

1. 时间副词：
⑴表示确切时间的副词：now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the day after
tomorrow 等。

Eg. My mother went to Shanghai yesterday.
⑵表示不确切时间的副词: at last, at first, at once, early, immediately, late, once, one day, soon,
still, suddenly, then, already, just, yet等。

Eg. Mr. Wood called just now.
I came to London five years ago and I have lived here since then.
2. 地点副词：here, there, left/ right, north/ south, upstairs/ downstairs, everywhere, above, behind,
anywhere等。

Eg. I looked everywhere for my glasses but didn’t find them.
I live upstairs, and my parents downstairs.
3. 方式副词：well, hard, fast, brightly, certainly, clearly, early, easily, especially, happily, loudly,
noisily, politely, quickly, safely, slowly, strongly, suddenly 等。

Eg. He put the letter carefully into the mailbox.
Slowly, the old woman told us her story.
4. 频度副词：once, twice, three/ several times/ a day/ week…, daily, weekly, every day/ week/ month/
year, always, usually, often, sometimes, ever, never, again and again, at times, now and
then, not…any more, not… any longer等。

Eg. I usually play the piano after supper.
It is never too old to learn. 活到老学到老
5. 程度副词：quite, rather, very, much, a lot, a little, a bit, enough, hardly, almost, deeply, nearly,
badly, widely 等。

Eg. It is much hotter today than yesterday.
I can hardly understand my foreign teacher’s classes.
6. 疑问副词：how, when, where, why 等。

Eg. Where would you like to go to college?
We still don’t know when and how he will come.
7. 形容词加-ly变副词的规律：
①许多副词都是由形容词后直接加后缀-ly构成的。

careful---carefully, quick---quickly, safe---safely; slow---slowly 等
②以-le结尾的形容词需去掉e再加y
gentle---gently, possible---possibly, comfortable--- comfortably等
③以-y结尾的形容词把y改为i, 再加—ly
easy---easily, happy---happily, heavy---heavily, busy---busily, lucky---luckily等
特例: shy的副词形式为shyly.
8. 与形容词同形的副词：在英语中有很多形容此和副词是同形的。

late (adj.) 已故的（adv.）迟到high (adj.)高的(adv.) 高
firm (adj.) 稳固的(adv.) 稳固地early (adj.) 早的(adv.) 早
hard (adj.) 硬的，难得(adv.) 努力的straight (adj.) 直的(adv.) 径直
fast (adj.) 快的(adv.) 快long (adj.) 长的(adv.) 长时间地
enough (adj.) 足够的(adv.) 足够low (adj.) 低的(adv.) 低
9. 其他情况：有些词既是形容词又是副词，但在加-ly之后又可以构成另外的副词，这两种形式
的副词其意义上既有区别又有联系。

hard 努力hardly 几乎不
near 附近nearly 几乎
high 高highly 高度地
most 大多数mostly 大部分地
deep 深的，深入地deeply 深深地
wide 张大地，广阔地widely 广泛地
late 迟到lately 最近，近来
close 靠近closely 密切地
10. 副词作状语时可以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词，分词和全句。

He works very hard on his subject.
She speaks English very beautifully.
I’m very busy these days.
Luckily, she had got another chance.
11. 副词的比较级：
⑴规则的副词比较等级构成方法与形容词的比较级构成方法相同。

⑵副词比较级的用法:
①两者比较，表示“甲超过乙”，用句型“甲+ 谓语动词+ 比较级+ than+乙”。

比较级前可用even, much, a little, a lot, a bit, still等加强语气。

②表示“甲不及乙”时，用句型“甲+谓语动词+ less+ 原级+than+ 乙”。

③表示“甲（不）和乙一样”，用句型“甲+ (not) 谓语动词+as/ so+原级+ as+乙”。

⑶副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较
12. 副词的位置
⑴修饰形容词，其他副词时的位置：位于被修饰词的前面。

Computers work much faster than before.
Happy days pass too soon.
注：enough作副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。

The book is easy enough for little kids.
enough 作形容词时，可置于名词之前。

We haven’t enough time.
⑵多个副词的排列顺序
①时间副词，地点副词: 时间副词和地点副词同时出现时，时间副词置于地点副词之前。

I have gone nowhere recently, for I have a dozen irons in the fire.
②强调某一副词时：在强调某一动词的具体方式，状态，程度时，将需要强调的副词提到前面。

Slowly, we talked downstairs.
③有助动词时：说明行为频度的副词常位于行为动词之前，系动词之后；句中有助动词时，则
在其后；有多个助动词时，则置于第一个助动词之后。

Jeff is always ready to help others.
I often go to school at six in the morning.
I have never visited the Great Wall.
13. 副词用法辨析：
⑴very与much表示“很”，“非常”
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用much或very much.
⑵so与such表示“如此”，“这么”，“那么”
①so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词作定语。

so fast such a good boy
②so修饰的形容词后可以由一个单数可数名词，其结构是“so+adj.+a/an+n.”
③如果可数名词复数前有many, few，或不可数名词前有much, little等词，用so而不用such ⑶too，also与either 表示“也（不）”
too和also用于肯定句，too常用于口语中，置于句末；also常用于书面语中，置于be动词后，行为动词之前；either用于否定句。

Eg. I’m in Row 1, too.
Chinese take-away food is also popular.
I enjoy swimming and I like football, too.
We don’t like the same colours, either.
⑷ago与before表示“在…以前”
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，或泛指“以前”。

Eg. She saw the film three days ago.
She said she had seen the film three days before.
⑸sometime, sometimes与some time, some times
sometime指将来或过去的“某个时候”；sometimes 指“有时候”；some time则指“一段时间”；some times 指“几次；几倍”
Eg. Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.
I sometimes have letters from him.
We’ll take our holiday sometime in May.
The fire went on for some time before it was brought under control.
Our school is some times larger than theirs.
⑹already, yet与still表示“已经”
already 表示某事已经发生；still表示某事仍在进行，主要用于肯定句；yet用于疑问句表示“已经”，用于否定句表示“还没有”，“尚未”。

课堂练习：
A组：选择最佳答案
( ) 1. Don’t go out! It’s raining ___________________
A) quickly B) heavily C) loudly D) hardly
( ) 2. ---What do you think of the bridge?
---I have never seen _____________ before.
A) so a long one B) so long one C) such a long one D) a such long one
( ) 3. She has _________________
A) a time B) a enough time C) enough time D) many time
( ) 4. You don’t like the same colours and I don’t like them, ___________
A) too B) also C) either D) neither
( ) 5. Li Ping is my _________ friend and does __________ in his study.
A) good; good B) good; well C) well; good D) well; well
( ) 6. Can you speak a little louder? I can _________ hear you.
A) hard B) really C) hardly D) clearly
( ) 7. Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A) so hardly as B) as carefully as C) carefully as D) as careful as
( ) 8. Sue is working very ___________recently.
A) good B) fine C) hardly D) hard
( ) 9. They can get _____________ on time.
A) school B) to there C) there D) at school
( ) 10. He likes dancing. I like, _______________
A) also B) too C) either D) very
B组：单词改错
( ) 1. She sings as good as Li Wen.
A B C D
( ) 2. It is raining hardly. I can’t go out.
A B C D
( ) 3. I didn’t go there last Sunday. He didn’t go, too.
A B C D
( ) 4. Is your brother yet here?
A B C D
( ) 5. You often must take your dog out.
A B C D
( ) 6. May be he enjoys Chinese food very much.
A B C D
( ) 7. She is a very good teacher. We very much love her.
A B C D。