中国汽车工业大事记中英对照
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中国汽车工业大事记
1901: 欧洲和美国第一批汽车进入中国
1913: 进口福特汽车公司T型轿车
1920: 中国2000英里的马路上行驶着7000辆汽车和600辆卡车,主要从美国进口
亨利.福特红河工厂培训中国学生
1923: 100名中国学生在底特律学习与工作
1929: 通用汽车公司在中国建立销售站,20世纪20年代到30年代,通用每年向中国销售10000到15000辆别克
福特在爱尔兰的工厂向中国出口拖拉机
1936: 梅赛德斯-奔驰在上海建立工厂生产公共汽车和卡车
1949: 共产党击败国民党,成立中华人民共和国
1950: 中国借助苏联的帮助筹建汽车厂
1953: 中华人民共和国第一家第一汽车制造厂(一汽)成立,根据苏联ZIS 150模型,生产4吨解放牌卡车
1958: 一汽模仿梅赛德斯-奔驰220开始生产红旗牌轿车
上海汽车组装厂(上海汽车工业集团的前身)成立
1964: 中国拥有147家工厂,生产卡车、汽车、摩托车和汽车零部件1966: 文化大革命开始
1967: 为防备可能的入侵,中国在湖北偏远山区建立东风汽车厂(第二汽车厂)
1972: 美国总统尼克松访华
1976: 中国有1500多家汽车及其零部件制造厂
1983: 美国汽车公司与北京汽车工业联合成立中国第一家汽车合资企业-北京吉普
1984: 大众汽车与上汽成立合资公司-上海大众
1985: 北京吉普开始生产吉普-切诺基
1986: 天津汽车厂开始生产大发查拉得-一款颜色永远不变的红色夏利主要为出租车
1988: 政治领导推出“三大,三小”术语描述中国汽车工业结构。
第一梯队为第一汽车制造厂、东风和上汽,第一梯队为北京吉普、广州标致和
天津汽车厂
1991: 大众与一汽成立合资企业。
截至2003年生产了捷达、宝来和高尔夫。
1991年中国客运汽车总生产量为81055辆
1992: 东风雪铁龙汽车公司生产ZX富康客用汽车
1994: 中国日报(中国政府机关报)报告中国效率低下的汽车制造厂将在“竞争面前萎缩”
宝马开始向中国出口汽车
1995: 福特持有江铃摩托车公司20%的股份
轻骑销量达到125万辆
1996: 奥迪加入一汽-大众合资企业,持有10%股份
1997: 标致从遇到麻烦的广州标致撤资
1998: 中国选择本田(而非通用欧宝)接管标致撤出的工厂,但是通用击败福特取得与上海汽车合资的批准,投资16亿美元
上海开始制造别克新世纪、此后增加别克GL8微型车、赛欧(基于欧
宝可赛)、SR-V、君威和凯越
1999: 北京第一个实行标准排放政策
一汽-大众开始生产奥迪 A6.
2000: 丰田获得与大发长期合作伙伴-天津汽车夏利建立合资企业的许可。
2002年开始生产丰田威驰
2001: 福特汽车与长安集团成立长安福特,各持一半股份。
2003年1月开始生产福特嘉年华汽车
宝马和华晨集团成立华晨(中国),生产宝马3和5系列
中国加入WTO
2002: 1月,中国削减关税,到2006年中期最终减少25%。
价格战爆发,库存却在增加。
一汽收购天津汽车。
一汽和丰田就2010年前每年生产
200000至300000辆丰田汽车达成一致。
北京现代汽车由北京汽车厂和现代汽车组合。
上汽集团收购韩国的通用大宇10%的股权,这是上汽首次在中国境外投资。
上汽集团
和通用汽车公司成立通用五菱汽车并收购烟台车身公司。
与标致雪铁龙签定协议后,神龙汽车有限公司(DCAC)更名为东风标致雪铁龙汽车公
司( DPCA)以增加DCAC的产量,有4个新车型,并重新将标致品牌引进中国。
一汽与丰田联手生产高档轿车、微型车,中高档SUV车。
新的合资企业计划截至2010
年,生产300000-400000辆汽车。
东风与日产组成合资企业,东风汽车有限公司,各占一半股份。
2003: 大众汽车在中国销售的大众品牌的汽车比德国还多。
宝马和华晨汽车同意达成协议生产系列3和系列5汽车。
日产向东风汽车投资10亿美元建立合资企业,双方投资额各
占50% 。
戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司与北京汽车就生产奔驰E和C级车型达成协议。
奇瑞与SKT公司签署合作协议,在伊朗建立初步生产能力为30000辆的制造工厂,标
志着第一辆中国制造的轿车将在国外组装。
外国在中国汽车行业累计直接投资为300亿美元。
2004: 国家发展和改革委员会正式宣布中国新的汽车产业政策。
大众、通用、丰田和福特汽车公司获准可以在中国提供汽车融资服务。
2005: 激烈的竞争导致价格急剧下降,主要是在经济与中间环节的利润下降。
国内汽车厂家占15%以上的市场份额。
2006: 支持收购环境友好型和小排量汽车的财政措施。
新的政策要求所有机动车辆必须购买第三者保险。
克莱斯勒与奇瑞汽车成立合资企业生产并出口小型车。
中国成为世界第二大汽车制造商,仅次于美国,高于日本。
Chinese Auto Industry Milestones
1901: First automobiles arrive in China from Europe and the US.
1913: Ford Motor Corporation imports the Model T.
1920: China’s 2,000 miles of highway hand le 7,000 cars and 600 trucks, mainly American imports.
Henry Ford offers to train Chinese students at the automaker’s Rouge plant. 1923: 100 Chinese students are studying and working in Detroit.
1929: General Motors Corporation establishes a sales outpost. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, GM sold 10,000 to 15,000 Buicks a year in China. Ford imports tractors
built in Ireland.
1936: Mercedes-Benz establishes plant in Shanghai to build buses and trucks.
1949: Communists defeat the Nationalists and establish t he People’s Republic of China. 1950: China requests help from the Soviet Union for planning an auto factory.
1953: First Auto Works (FAW) is created as the first automaker of the PRC, producing the 4-ton Jiefang (Liberation) truck, which is based on the Soviet ZIS 150 model.
1958: FAW begins production of the Hongqi (Red Flag) sedan, modeled on the Daimler-Benz 220.
The Shanghai Automobile Assembly Plant, predecessor of Shanghai Automotive
Industry Group Corporation (SAIC), is formed.
1964: China has 417 factories producing trucks, cars, motorcycles and auto parts.
1966: The Cultural Revolution begins.
1967: To guard it against possible invasion, China locates Dongfeng Motors (Second Auto Works) in the remote, mountainous province of Hubei.
1972: U.S. President Nixon visits China.
1976: More than 1,500 auto and parts makers, are operating in China.
1983: American Motors and Beijing Automotive Industry form Beijing Jeep, China's first Sino-foreign joint venture in the auto industry.
1984: Shanghai Volkswagen is created as a joint venture between VW and SAIC.
1985: Beijing Jeep begins producing the Jeep Cherokee.
1986: Tianjin Automotive begins production of the Daihatsu Charade as the Xiali.
Invariably red, it becomes a staple of taxi fleets.
1988: P olitical leaders introduce the term “Big 3, Little 3” to describe their vision of the auto industry’s structure, referring to their target number of first-tier (First Auto
Works, Dongfeng and Shanghai Automotive) and second-tier (Beijing Jeep,
Guangzhou Peugeot and Tianjin Automotive) manufacturers.
1991: Volkswagen and FAW form a joint venture. By 2003 it builds the Jetta, Bora and Golf. China's total 1991 passenger car production: 81,055 units.
1992: Dongfeng Citroen Automobile Company (DCAC) formed to manufacture the ZX Fukang passenger car.
1994: The China Daily, considered an official organ of the government, reports that inefficient automakers will be allowed "to wither in the face of competition."
BMW starts exporting cars to China.
1995: Ford acquires 20% of Jiangling Motors Corporation.
Light vehicle sales reach 1.25 million units.
1996: Audi joins the FAW-VW joint venture as a 10 percent shareholder.
1997: Peugeot withdraws from troubled Guangzhou Peugeot.
1998: China picks Honda over GM’s Opel to take over the plant from which Peugeot withdrew, but GM beats out Ford for approval to build cars with Shanghai
Automotive with a US$1.6 billion investment.
Shanghai GM begins to build the Buick New Century, later adding the Buick GL8
minivan, Sail (based on the Opel Corsa), SR-V, Regal and Excelle.
1999: Beijing becomes the first city to implement the standard emission policy.
FAW-VW starts producing the Audi A6.
2000: Toyota obtains permission for a joint venture with Tianjin Automobile Xiali, the long-time partner of Daihatsu. Production of the Toyota Vios begins in 2002.
2001: Ford Motor and the Chang'an Group form Chang’an Ford, a 50-50 JV. Fiesta production begins in January 2003.
BMW and the Brilliance Group form Brilliance China to produ ce BMW’s Series 3
and 5.
China enters the WTO.
2002: January 1, China reduces import tariffs, eventually decreasing to 25% by mid-2006.
Price war breaks out as inventories grow. FAW acquires Tianjin Automotive.
FAW and Toyota agree to build 200,000 to 300,000 Toyota vehicles a year by
2010. Beijing Hyundai Motor joins Hyundai and Beijing Automotive. SAIC
acquires a 10% stake in Korea's GM Daewoo, its first investment outside China.
SAIC and GM form GM-Wuling Automotive and acquire Yantai Bodyshop Corp.
DCAC is renamed Dongfeng Peugeot Citroen Automobile (DPCA) following an
agreement with PSA Peugeot-Citroen to increase DCAC’s production, incorporate
four new car models and reintroduce the Peugeot brand in China.
FAW and Toyota join forces to produce high-end sedans, mini-cars, and
middle-to-high-end SUVs. The new JV plans to produce 300,000-400,000 units by
2010.
Dongfeng and Nissan form a 50-50 JV, Dongfeng Motor Co. Ltd.
2003: VW sells more VW-branded autos in China than in Germany. BMW and Brilliance Automotive agree to build Series 3 and 5 cars. Nissan invests US$1
billion for a 50% joint venture with Dongfeng Motors. DaimlerChrysler and
Beijing Automotive agree to build the Mercedes E and C-class models.
Chery signs agreement with SKT Co. to set up a manufacturing plant in Iran with
an initial production capacity of 30,000 units, representing the first Chinese-made
car to be assembled overseas.
Cumulative foreign direct investment in China’s automobile industry reaches
US$30 billion.
2004: The State Development and Reform Commission formally announces China's new automotive industry policy.
VW, GM, Toyota and Ford receive approval to offer auto-financing services in
China.
2005: Intense competition leads to significant price reduction, mainly in the economy and middle segments.
Domestic car manufacturers reach 15 % market share.
2006: Fiscal measures to support the acquisition of environment friendly and small displacement vehicles.
New policy requires that all motor vehicles be covered by a third-party insurance.
Chrysler and Chery enter a joint-venture to produce and export small cars
China becomes the Second largest car manufacturer after the U.S., outpacing
Japan.
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