(英语)高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析

（英语）高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解
析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.
Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.
According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.
By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.
"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."
"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter (周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."
Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.
（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?
A. It can frighten sharks away.
B. It is an ocean explorer.
C. It is a rubbish collector.
D. It can catch fish instead of people.
（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. The causes of ocean pollution.
B. The dangers of using plastics.
C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.
D. The importance of ocean protection.
（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?
A. Avoid crashing into it.
B. Break it into pieces.
C. Swallow it.
D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?
A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.
B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.
C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.
D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply?
This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峡谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when
they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.
The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this film let out a sigh
of relief. "I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.
However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. "You can't have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse," said the show's creator David Attenborough, according to The Times.
In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a one-off situation. "There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this... they had the chance not to have to keep slipping down
the slope," he told the BBC.
Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, "If it's ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gut-wrenching, you stay out of
the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."
"There's no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right there
in front of you," Will Lawson, the show's director, told Daily Mail.
（1）What has led to a heated media discussion?
A.People's various remarks on penguins.
B.The rescue of penguins from a gully.
C.Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.
D.Ways of filming the series Dynasties.
（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference?
A.Kathryn Shaw.
B.Will Lawson.
C.Paul Nieklen.
D.David Attenborough.
（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gut-wrenching" underlined in paragraph 6?
A.Putting one in place.
B.Making one confused.
C.Putting one in danger.
D.Making one heartbroken.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reasons for the Necessity of Lending a Hand to Animals
B.Suggestions on How to Protect Animals From Danger
C.Effects of Human Interference on Dangerous Animals
D.Opinions on Whether to Help Animals in Trouble or Not
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope （斜坡）so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.”和第三段中的“The case has taken the international media by storm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I'm so glad. I understand not taki ng action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“you stay out of the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."可知，此句句意为：如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。

结合四个选项可知，此处用Making one heartbroken（心碎）最合句意。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When you think back to the blackboard from your school days, what color is it? Chances are that it's green. So what's up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wall-sized blackboards existed, late 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact, black, and they paved the way for the larger ones.
In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. Problem solved! From there, the idea spread quickly as teachers could finally show a concept to the whole class at one time. By 1815, the massive writing spaces were common enough to earn their own name: blackboard.
The color change came in the 1960s when companies sold, steel plates, coated with green enamel (漆) instead of the traditional dark slate. The new material was lighter and less fragile than the first blackboards, so they were cheaper to ship and more likely to survive the journey. Teachers weren't complaining either. After all, the new "greenboards" made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word "chalkboard "as a more accurate descriptor, but "blackboard" still stuck around.
（1）What did the late 18th-century students use in class?
A. Blackboard.
B. Chalkboard.
C. Greenboard.
D. Mini board.（2）Why did the headmaster ask the students to put their mini boards together?
A. To make a comparison.
B. To make enough space.
C. To draw students' attention.
D. To arouse students' interest.
（3）Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the "greenboard"?
A. They're lighter in weight.
B. They're more convenient to transport.
C. They're easier to erase the powder.
D. They're more useful than the traditional ones.
（4）What's the main idea of the text?
A. Introduction of the blackboard.
B. Origin of the blackboard.
C. Color of the blackboard.
D. Function of the blackboard.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的，随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。

回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的？"这个问题。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的，"te 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood..."可知，18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“ In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board.
”在1800年，一名英格兰校长James Pillans想让他的学生们画地图，但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图，因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。

可知，校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"The new material was lighter and... more likely to survive the Journey."可知A项和B项正确；以及"After all, ... made the chalk powder easier to erase."可知C项正确；D项文章未提及。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心：我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的，为什么叫黑板？通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America-and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic- wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin-the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplas-tics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.
"This isn't a problem where we don't know what the solution is, "says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage." We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. "It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.
（1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1?
A. To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B. To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C. To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.
D. To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
（2）What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?
A. Lacking protection.
B. Being stuck by plastics.
C. Being caught by humans.
D. Treating plastics as food.
（3）What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Some people don't know the solution of plastics waste.
B. Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
C. It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D. People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
（4）From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook.
B. A travel brochure.
C. An environmental report.
D. A lifestyle magazine.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“their plastic was te would likely still be around four centuries later. ”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知作者提到the Pilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。

可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。

可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length
Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving
Bumpy tubercles on top of head
Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition
Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped
270-400 olive baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde's, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 'hump' back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.
Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
（1）Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?
A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.
B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.
C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.
D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.
（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article's description of humpback whales' migration?
A. They need warmer waters to breed.
B. They can't survive in extreme cold.
C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.
D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.
（3）This article is mainly intended to .
A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world
B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters
C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection
D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四个小点后的一段"Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition"可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五个小黑点后面的"The big family migrate between winter
tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas." 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。

可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。

冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。

可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。

所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.
Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become "AndyBot"--- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years
If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.
Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the world's first digital humans.
For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(遗产) online forever.
Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.
If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. "AndyBot" may become one of the world's first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.
（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To highlight Kaplan's achievements.
B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot.
C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.
D.To introduce Kaplan's life.
（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?
A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.
B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him.
C.He believed this action will help with his novels.
D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.
（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations?
A.He may use voice computing platforms.
B.He may use a new body to go on living.
C.He may offer some guidance.
D.He may ask them questions.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science.
B.People can talk with their late family members freely.
C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science.
D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。

主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “AndyBot”--- a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. ”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。

可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字
人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Learning, Fast and Deep
Over the past five years researchers in artificial intelligence have become the rock stars of the technology world. A branch of AI known as deep learning, which uses neural(神经的) networks to scan through large volumes of data looking for patterns, has proven so useful that skilled practitioners can command high six-figure salaries to build software for Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google.
The standard route into these jobs has been a PhD in computer science from one of America's top universities. Earning one takes years and requires a personality suited to academia, which is rare among more normal folk.
That is changing.
Last month fast.ai, a non-profit education organization based in San Francisco, kicked off the third year of its course in deep learning. Since its foundation it has attracted more than 100, 000 students around the globe from India to Nigeria. The course and others like it, come with a simple idea: there is no need to spend years obtaining a PhD in order to practise deep learning. Creating software that learns can be taught as a craft, not as a high intellectual pursuit to be undertaken only in an ivory tower. Fast. ai's course can be completed in just seven weeks.
To make it accessible to anyone who wants to learn how to build AI software is the aim of Jeremy Howard, who founded fast.ai with Rachel Thomas, a mathematician. He says school mathematics is sufficient. "No. Greek. Letters," Mr. Howard intones, pounding the table with his fist for punctuation.
Some experts worry that this will serve only to create a flood of unreliable AI systems which will be useless at best and dangerous at worst. In the earliest days of the Internet, only a select few nerds, namely computer holies with specific skills, could build applications. Not many people used them. Then the invention of the World Wide Web led to an explosion of web pages, both good and bad. But it was only by opening up to all that the Internet gave birth to online shopping, instant global communications and search. If Mr. Howard and others have their way, making the development of AI software easier will bring forth a new crop of fruit of a different kind.
（1）What can we learn about deep learning?
A. It replaces artificial intelligence.
B. It attracts rock stars to practice.
C. It scans patterns for large companies.
D. It helps technicians to create software.
（2）Fast. ai is an organization that .
A. ensures one to obtain a PhD
B. teaches craft in ivory tower
C. offers a course in deep learning
D. requires weeks to apply
（3）The underlined words "No. Greek. Letters"in Paragraph 5 means doing fast.ai course is .
A. easy
B. difficult
C. interesting
D. boring
（4）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A. it is quite reliable for anyone to grasp artificial intelligence
B. the Internet has brought forth a flood of useless AI systems
C. opening up to all leads to instant global search and online shopping
D. simplifying software development may result in unexpected outcomes
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人工智能的深度学习被证明很有用，霍华德和数学
家托马斯一起创办的非营利性教育机构致力于让深度学习变得简单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”A branch of AI known as deep learning, which uses neural networks to scan through large volumes of data looking for patterns…build software for Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google.“可知AI技术的一个分支、运用神经网络处理大量数据
并从中寻找模式的"深度学习"被证明非常有用，亚马逊、苹果、Facebook和谷歌愿意开出
六位数高薪，聘请熟练的专业人员编写软件。

这说明深度学习能帮助编写软件，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Last month fast. ai, a non-profit education organization based in San Francisco, kicked off the third year of its course in deep learning.“可知。

上月，位
于旧金山的非营利性教育机构fast.ai 进入了它开办深度学习课程的第三年。

也就是说fast.
ai是一个提供深度学习课程的组织，故选C。

（3）考查句义猜测。

根据五段中的”To make it accessible to anyone who wants to learn …He says school mathem atics is sufficient.“可知让深度学习不再神秘是杰里米·霍华德的目标，为
此，他和数学家雷切尔·托马斯一起创立了fast.ai，让任何想学习编写AI软件的人都能学习
这门技术。

霍华德说有中学数学知识就足够了。

这说明fast.ai的课程很简单，仅需要中学
数学知识。

因此霍华德说"No. Greek. Letters”没有，希腊，字母“是想说fast, ai的深度学习
课程很简单。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”If Mr Howard and others have their w ay, making the development of AI software easier will bring forth a new crop of fruit of a different kind. “如果霍
华德和其他人如愿以偿，那么让AI软件开发变得更容易将会催生出一批新的不同的果实。

由此推断简化软件开发可能会导致意料之外的结果。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅
读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选
出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.
A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that's 15.4 degrees off to the observer's right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, "She's not looking at you." This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person's gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the "Mona Lisa effect" . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.
This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don't cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn't looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the "Mona Lisa" and realized she wasn't looking at him.
To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the "Mona Lisa" on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa's gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the "Mona Lisa" portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn't sure. It's possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term "Mona Lisa effect" just thought it was a cool name.
（1）It is generally believed that the woman in the painting "Mona Lisa" .
A. attracts the viewers to look back
B. seems mysterious because of her eyes
C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers
D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand
（2）What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?。