高考英语真题汇编 日常生活类短文阅读

毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校s2011-高考英语真题汇编日常生活类阅读
(2012江苏)C
Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining
near-infrared light (NIR,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) a bsorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called
o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A. Temperature change.
B. NIR light.
C. Acidity change.
D. UV light.
64. Why in ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. I t is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
A. Protected
B. formed
C. exposed
D. combined
【考点】日常生活类—说明文
【文章大意】。

本文围绕“怎样使用胶囊，让我们生病吃药更加安全、而且疗效好”这个主题展开研究，来展开话题的。

63.【答案】B
【试题解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段“Now, researchers in California hav e designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule.”可知，应选B项。

【难度】一般
64.【答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。

根据第三段中“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知，应选D项。

【难度】较难
65.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed…”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。

【难度】一般【长难句解析】
1.Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and
other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light.
本句是polymers (聚合物) and other materials的定语从句， when 引导的时间状语从句。

2.This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups
linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature
本句是called动词过去分词做后置定语，修饰a long chain of compounds. 后面是reactive(易反应的) components的定语从句
(2012江苏)D
Franz Kafka wrote that "a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. " I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.
We’d just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. "Are you crying?" one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. "I am,"
I told her, "and the funny thing i s I've read it many times. "
But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in
a New York City public middle school, I've taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).
For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school--one that often attracts the
literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional "cultural capital" could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.'s.
Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, "it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness. " I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白)read as raps (说唱) , but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that "all these people hate each other, and they're all white. " His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do no. amaze but confuse. We mav succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.
66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________
A. realize our dreams
B. give support to our life '
C. smooth away difficulties
D. awake our emolions
67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?
A. Because they spent much time reading it.
B. Because they had read the novel before.
C. Because they came from a public school. ,
D. Because they had similar life experiences.
68.The girl left the selective high school possibly because_______.
A. she was a literary-minded girl
B. her parents were immigrants
C. she couldn't fit in with her class
D. her father was then in prison
69.To the author's surprise, the students read the novels ________.
A. creatively
B. passively
C. repeatedly
D. carelessly
70.The author writes the passage mainly to________.
A. introduce classic works of literature
B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart
C. argue for equality among high school students
D. defend the current testing system
【考点】日常生活类—夹斜夹议
【文章大意】本文主要介绍作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，在文学课上，如何教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，可以美化他们的心灵。

66.【答案】D
【试题解析】句意理解题。

这句话运用了明喻和暗喻的修辞手法，“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内心的一把斧子”，这是表面意思，即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感，引起共鸣之意。

故选D项。

【难度】一般
67【答案】D
【试题解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段“But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen”可知，D项正确。

【难度】一般
68.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节理解题。

根据第四段“The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates”可知C项正确。

【难度】一般
69.【答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。

根据第五段第四句“I have never before se en the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies read as raps, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious.”可推断作者对孩子阅读小说的创造力感到惊讶，字里行间流露出自豪，故A项正确。

【难度】一般
70.【答案】B
【试题解析】主旨大意题。

纵观全文，主要介绍了作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，故B项正确。

【难度】较难
【长难句解析】
1. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I.
When 引导的时间状语从句，后面是so 引导的句型，表示“…和前面的主语也一样。

”
2. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen.
本句是when 引导的时间状语，主句中是that 引导的表语从句， realize 引导的宾语从句。

3. For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight.
本句reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. 为I 的伴随状语。