2005年5月CATTI二级口译(综合能力)真题

2005年5月CATTI二级口译(综合能力)真题
一、Part Ⅰ（B）（共10小题,共10.0分）Listen to the following short statements and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each statement by blackening the corresponding circle. There are ten questions in this part of the test, one point for each question. You will hear both the statement and the question only once.
第1题
What part of the museum flooded?
A The central gallery.
B The storerooms.
C The gift shop.
D The central and southern rooms.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
特定信息的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求，听的重点应注意博物馆哪一部分被淹，而原文涉及博物馆被淹情况的信息颇多，如第一句提到该馆保存的绘画和壁画被淹，后面相继提到该馆的部分屋顶倒塌，雨水倾入两间储藏室(storeroom)，由此可见，符合题干要求的特定信息是储藏室。

因此，选项b的说法是正确的。

注意：排除干扰项，锁定相关特定信息。

第2题
How is the quartz heater different from other types of heaters?
A It heats only the objects in a room.
B It is lighter in weight.
C It heats the room quicker.
D It is more common.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
原文介绍了几种散热器，其中重点介绍了quartz heater(石英散热器)。

在描述该物时，说话者介绍“A quartz heater，on the other hand，heats the objects and people in a room without heating the air．”即“而石英散热器在温暖房中的人和物时，却不会加热房中的空气”，选项a的说法与原文相符，因此是正确答案。

注意：识别信号词有助于迅速解题。

文中谈到几种传统的散热器后使用了短语on the other hand这个表对比的词组来介绍石英散热器，由此可推测该物与前面提到的散热器肯定不同，通过背景常识，可帮助我们迅速猜测选项a有可能是正确答案。

第3题
What does the new system enable the farmers to do?
A Produce vegetables of better taste.
B Transport produce more quickly.
C Grow crops in nontraditional climates.
D Keep vegetables fresh for a longer period.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
语义的推理和判断。

文章占用大量篇幅详细而具体地介绍了在炎热地区种植耐寒作物芦笋。

最后文章总结道“This stimulates plant growth and enables gardeners in tropical climates to grow crops from cooler climates．”即“这种做法刺激了植物种植业，也使得热带地区的农户可种植耐寒作物”，由此可推测，农作物可在其非传统气候条件下种植成为可能，因此选项c的说法是正确的。

注意：善于通过文中的具体事例做出正确的总结，如cool climate vegetable种植在hot或tropical地区，可总结为选项c中的crops in nontraditional climates。

第4题
The speaker mentioned all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT?
A Growth in city area.
B Separation of commercial and residential areas.
C Changes in life in the inner city.
D Increased standards of living.
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
语义的判断理解。

根据原文可知，mass transportation从三方面影响了美国人民的生活：1)it catalyzed physical expansion(使面积迅速扩展)，可与选项a对应；2)it sorted out people and land use(将土地使用分类)，可与选项b 对应； 3)it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life(加速城市生活中内在的不稳定性)，可与选项c对应，由此可见，只有选项d在原文中没有对应关系，因此，该项是正确答案。

注意：掌握原文关键词语的正确解释，尤其注意抽象短语的具体化，如原文提到的受到影响的三种方式都使用了抽象的表达，而选项a、b、c均分别是它们的具体解释。

第5题
Which market is Ubix traded on?
A NASDAQ.
B Denver.
C Taiwan.
D Indonesia.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
特定信息的找寻和判断。

根据题干中的关键词，可将听的重点放在原文第一句“Ubix is a publicly traded corporation actively traded on the NASDAQ．”可立即找出答案为选项a。

注意：排除干扰项是迅速解题的关键。

该文详细具体介绍了Ubix的各方面情况，如成立时间，股份持有情况，公司总部地址和公司业绩等信息，这要求听者一定要抓住题干中的关键词来判断哪个是相关信息。

抓住此题中短语be traded on是解题的关键。

第6题
According to the speaker, what do people often think about astronomers?
A They spend most of their time looking through telescopes.
B They are constantly analyzing data.
C They often live near observatories.
D They devote a lot of time to theoretical problems.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
观点意见的判断。

根据题干要求注意文中大多数人的观点，发现原文的第一句提供了相关信息“Most people think of astronomers as people who spend their time in cold observatories peering through telescopes every night．”即“大多数人认为天文学家每天在冰冷的天文台用望远镜观测夜空”，由此可判断选项a的说法与原文相符，是正确答案。

注意：掌握文中哪些是一些人的观点，哪些是文章的观点对解题很重要。

听者可通过信号词或常用表达法来帮助判断。

如文中使用most people think of…的方式表示一些人的观点，而用in fact 形式来表述作者认为正确的观点。

第7题
Which of the following is true about Lufthansa's first-half net profit?
A 392 million euros.
B 16.8% more than that of last year.
C 39 million euros.
D 105million euros.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
数字信息的找寻和判断。

根据题干中关键词first-half net profit在原文中找寻相关信息，发现“The German carrier swung to a first-half net profit of 39 million euros…”，将数字与各选项对照可知，只有选项C与原文相符，是正确答案。

注意：通过题干关键词的引导，排除干扰项。

原文中关于数字的信息颇多，更需要听者抓住这一技巧。

第8题
Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?
A A touch.
B Food.
C Unusually warm water.
D Pollution.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求可在文中发现以下内容“The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched；it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted．”即“若海参遭到攻击或碰触，它就会将自己的内脏抛出，再生出一副来；若海水温度过高或水质污染严重，海参也会这样做”，显然只有b的说法与原文不符，因此该项是正确答案。

注意：掌握同义词替换，有助于迅速定位原文相关信息。

如原文中单词eviscerate与题干中单词release意思在此文中相同，都有“取出内脏”的含义。

第9题
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A The 1997 storm killed more than 250 people.
B The economic losses caused by the 1997 storm were 90.8 billion yuan.
C More than 1,800 people were wounded when the typhoon hit Zhejiang Province.
D The government evacuated 40,000 people to avoid more casualties.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
数字信息的找寻和判断。

根据原文“Officials has evacuated 400,000 people to escape the typhoon that was forecast to be the worst…”可知政府在做出台风预报后就疏散了人们，而不是如选项d所言疏散是为了避免更大的灾害，暗示疏散是台风发作之后才进行的；根据原文关于1997年台风的描述“…killing nearly 250 people and causing 19.8 billion yuan in economic losses．”可知选项a中数字前more than与原文nearly不符，而19.8与选项b中90.8不符；根据原文“injured more than 1,800 as it battered southeastern Zhejiang Province”，选项c内容与之相符，因此该项是正确答
案。

注意：掌握与数字及其相关的信息，可帮助正确判断选项。

本题较为复杂，既考查听者听数字的能力，又考查听者对数字相关信息，如原文数字前的nearly 等注意情况。

第10题
What was one of the main reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century North America?
A More architects arrived in the colonies.
B The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture.
C Bricks were more readily available.
D The colonists had more money to spend on housing.
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
因果关系的判断。

根据原文有关18世纪北美殖民地建筑风格改变的描述是“As wealth increased，more and more colonists built fine houses．”由此可见财富的增长是其原因。

因此，选项d的说法是正确的。

注意：掌握表因果关系的信号词，有助于迅速在原文定位信息点，并做出正确的因果关系判断，该文中使用了信号词as。

二、Part Ⅱ（共20小题,共40.0分）Listen to the following passages and then choose the best answer to each question by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are three passages in this part, each with five questions. And each question carries two points. You will hear the passages only once.
第1题
What is the main topic of the talk?
A Jefferson's views about commercialized agriculture.
B International trade in the nineteenth century.
C Improvements in farm machinery in the United States.
D Farmers' loss of independence.
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
主旨题。

本题要求听者掌握全文的主要内容。

本文主要围绕l9世纪美国农民自己自足生活的改变进行，从历史发展的不同阶段分析了这种生活方式改变的原因和结果，因此，涉及自己自足生活的改变的选项d是正确答案。

注意：文章首尾部分一般是全文的中心句，这就需要听者在听一篇文章时，要格外对首尾部分留神，如本文第三句“…but in general they could get along just fine by relying on themselves…”和最后一句“By the end of 19th century，the era of Jefferson's independent farmer had come to a close．”都涉及到independence。

因此与该词有关的选项有可能就是题解。

第2题
What was the major change in agriculture during the 19th century?
A Crop production became increasingly specialized.
B Economic depressions lowered the prices of farm produce.
C New banking laws made it easy to buy farmland.
D The United States increased its agricultural imports.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
语义逻辑关系的找寻和判断。

根据原文，其主要议题是美国19世纪农业的变迁史，分析变迁原因是本文的重要组成部分，文中谈到情况变化时，在第六句说道“But by the mid century…farmers began to specialize in raising crops…”，而由此变化产生的结果则是农民“achieve a much higher standard of living but at a price”(第八句)即“农民的生活水平提高了，但也付出了代价”，这句话暗示农民生活变迁的结果就是后面提到的banks，national economic depressions等选项b和c的内容，至于选项d的内容原文并没有明确提出，因此只有选项a是正确答案。

注意：该文涉及美国19世纪农业的变迁史，变迁的原因是重点内容，因此关于变迁原因的重点词汇或词组应反复出现。

原文中specialize这个核心词汇反复出现，听者应予以注意，涉及该词的选项有可能就是正确答案。

第3题
What was one result of the increased use of machinery on farms of the United States?
A Prices for farm produce rose.
B Farmers became more dependent on loans from banks.
C Jefferson established government programs to assist farmers.
D Farmers relied less on foreign markets.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
因果关系的判断。

根据文章第七句“…revolutionary advances in farm machinery have vastly increased production of specialized crops…”及第八句“By raising and selling specialized crops…achieve a much higher standard of living but at a price．”可知，其逻辑关系是农业机械化的进步使专门作物的产量提高，而种植和销售该作物又可提高农民的生活水平，但这种变化也使农民付出了代价。

后面具体列举了各项事实，实际上就是前面变化产生的结果，其中包括选项b的内容，因此该项是正确答案。

注意：根据暗示因果关系的单词或短语做出正确的因果判断。

如本文中上下句间at a price(付出代价)的使用，暗示了前后句问存在因果关系。

第4题
Why was the world market important for the United States agriculture?
A It provided evidence that Jefferson's ideal could be achieved.
B It made farmers less dependent on local bankers.
C It affected the prices that farmers could receive for their crops.
D It decreased the power of the railroads to control farm prices.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
语义因果关系的判断。

文章最后说道“…farmers now have to worry about…the influence of world supply and demand on，for example，the price of wheat in Kansas．”即“农民们现在不得不操心世界供需市场对他们的影响，如Kansas小麦的价格”，根据前后上下文可判断，这句话存在因果关系，因此涉及price的选项c的说法是正确的。

注意：正确解读语句间的逻辑关系是解答本题的关键。

第5题
Which of the following is NOT a factor for the change in agriculture in the United States?
A Advances in machinery.
B Specialization in farming.
C The extensive network of railroads.
D The change in world supply and demand on oil.
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
特定信息的找寻。

本文主要讨论美国农业的变迁情况，而本题的设问比较宽泛，因此选项中，只要是文章中没有提到的内容就是答案。

将各选项与原文一一对应，可发现，只有选项d的说法原文未提及，因此该项是正确答案。

注意：只需将选项与原文对应即可，但应掌握选项词性变换。

第6题
When did the blasts hit the hotels?
A At about 1:40 a.m. local time.
B At about 1:14 a.m. local time.
C One at about 1:14 a.m., while the other around 2:14 a.m.
D One at about 1:40 a.m., while the other around 2:40 a.m.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
特定信息的找寻。

根据问题的要求，重点放在找寻爆炸的时间上，发现原文第二句“The blasts went off about 1:40 a.m.”即“爆炸发生于凌晨1:40”，选项a的说法与之相符，是正确答案。

注意：掌握同义词的替换。

原文中的“went off”与选项中的“hit”同义，均指爆炸的发生。

第7题
How many people were injured or killed in the blasts?
A Nobody were killed, four injured.
B Two were killed, five injured.
C Two were killed, seven injured.
D Nobody were killed, seven injured.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
数字信息的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求对原文中死伤人数重点找寻，发现全文一开始就提到“explosions…killing two people...Seven people were injured…”，由此可见，选项c的说法是正确答案。

注意：排除干扰信息的影响。

原文中关于死伤的数字还提到“Four Spanish men were injured”，但与题干要求不符，因此要及时排除这一干扰项对答题的影响。

第8题
Which of the following is NOT accurate about the Spaniards injured in the blasts?
A None of them were seriously wounded.
B They were buried by the debris after the explosion.
C They didn't want their names or ages released.
D They stayed at the same hotel.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

原文第二段主要讨论在爆炸事件中受伤的西班牙人情况，其中第一句“…but none were in serious condition．”与选项a的说法一致；第七句“The Spanish government did not release their names or ages，at the request of the injured．”可见根据伤者的要求，他们的姓名和年龄未被透露，这与选项c的内容一致；第一句“Four Spanish men were injured in one of the hotel blasts”与选项d的说法一致；第三句“Two of the Spaniards were‘slightly buried’by the debris after the blast．”与选项b中的人数不一致，因此，该项的说法与原文不符，是本题答案。

注意：正确找到原文对应处，有助于迅速解题。

第9题
What did the Spanish government do to help its injured citizens?
A It sent them back to Spain.
B It had constant phone contact with the Spanish Consul in Istanbul.
C It treated them in Spanish hospitals in Istanbul.
D It took care of their necessities.
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求，听者应将注意力放在西班牙政府的措施上，原文第二段后半部分谈及有关信息。

根据原文第八句“The Spanish Consul in Istanbul 'is taking care of all necessities' for the injured Spaniards and is aiming to bring them back to Spain as soon as possible．”由此可见，该句前半部分与选项d的说法吻合，而后半部分中is aiming to bring them back与选项a中sent them back显然不符；原文第二段最后一句“An official，in Madrid，said attempts to establish phone contact with the Spanish diplomatic mission in Turkey had been difficult due to saturated phone lines in Turkey．”即“马德里的官员试图与在土尔其的外交使团通电话，但这一举动非常困难，因为土尔其的电话线路过于繁忙”，由此可见，b项所言与原文不符；原文第六句“The Spaniards were being treated in two Istanbul hospitals，named Cerrahpasa and Haseki．”可知原文并未提及西班牙政府在这两所医院照料他们，由此可见，选项c的说法与原文不符，因此选项d是正确答案。

注意：1)正确找到原文对应处，有助于迅速解题；2)文中重要人物所说的话一般是考查的对象。

第10题
Which of the following is NOT true about the attack at the fuel tanks?
A The large fuel tanks were broken.
B It was an obvious terrorist attack.
C Nobody was injured or killed.
D The attackers tried to explode the tanks at about the same time as they blasted the hotels.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求，听者应将注意力放在对燃料罐的袭击上。

原文第一段和最后一段都对此有提及。

根据第一段第一句“…and another attack unsuccessfully targeted gas tanks at a fuel storage depot．”即“另外一场袭击的目标是燃料储存地的燃气罐，但袭击没有成功”，由此可推测，选项a的说法是不正确的；将其它选项与最后一段作比照，发现均与原文相符，因此正确答案是选项a。

注意：正确找到原文对应处并做出简单的推断，有助于迅速解题。

第11题
Which of the following is NOT true about the new capital according to the report?
A It's in the center area of South Korea.
B It has excellent transport and environmental conditions.
C The relocation will cost $94 million.
D It is not named yet.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

根据原文第一段最后一句“…which lies in the center of South Korea…”可知，选项a的说法是正确的；根据第二段第二句“The government chose the site of the new capital，which has yet to be named，over two other areas because of its superior transport and environmental conditions…”可知，选项b和d的说法是正确的；根据第四段第一句“But the relocation-which could cost as much as $94 billion”可知，选项C的说法与原文不符，因此该项是正确答案。

注意：掌握情态动词的语法知识是解题的关键。

原文中关于费用问题使用了could表示一种对未来不确切的推测，而选项中的will却表达了确切的计划。

第12题
How large is the site?
A 7,100 acres.
B 7,100 hectares.
C 70, 100 acres.
D 70,100 hectares.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
数字信息的找寻和判断。

根据第二段第一句“…for the 7,100-hectare site…”可知，选项b的说法是正确的。

注意：在数字信息颇多的情况下，迅速排除其它数字信息的干扰。

第13题
How many years is construction of the new capital scheduled to take?
A About 23 years.
B About 27 years.
C About 30 years.
D About 13 years.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
数字信息的找寻和判断。

根据第二段第一句“…construction scheduled to start in 2007 and end in 2030．”简单计算可知这一项目需约23年的时间，因此选项a的说法是正确的。

注意：正确找到关键的数字信息，并迅速做出简单的运算或推理。

第14题
Which of the following is President Roh Moo-hyun's argument for relocation of the capital?
A Efficiency of government.
B Environmental protection.
C Decentralization.
D Traffic concerns.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
特定信息的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求找寻到有关韩国总统的说法，发现原文第三段“he said he believed it would help decentralize the country…”，由此可见只有c的内容与此对应，所以该项是正确答案。

注意：根据题干要求，注意文中相关的特定信息。

第15题
Which of the following does NOT describe the rival parties' opinion on the relocation?
A Feasible.
B Impractical.
C Unpopular.
D Inefficient.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求在原文中找寻反对党的意见，发现原文最后一段关于反对党派的意见有如下说法“…have raised questions about the efficiency and feasibility of the project”和“…is an unrealistic plan without popular support”，可知他们对该项目的效率和可行性抱怀疑态度，该项目是不现实的，且不受大众欢迎。

由此可见，选项a的说法与原文不符，因此是正确答案。

注意：识别反义词和近义词的表达。

上面分析中前一句中efficiency， feasibility需要选项用反义词来对应，后一句中unrealistic，without popular…需要选项用近义词对应。

第16题
Why do people doubt about the pickup of Japan's economy?
A Low domestic demand.
B High energy cost.
C Deflation.
D Weaker economic growth in the U.S. and China.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
因果关系的判断。

根据原文第一段最后一句“…Japan's rebound is cast in doubt as investors worry about inflationary pressures caused by the high cost of energy．”即“日本的反弹蒙上阴影，因为投资者担心能源费用过高而带来的通货膨胀压力”，由此可见，选项b的说法是正确的。

注意：掌握信号词，正确判断语义逻辑关系。

上句中信号词as和caused by均表明了上下文存在因果关系。

第17题
According to the report, what did IEA keep doing in the past half a year?
A It kept revising the forecast of world oil demand upwards.
B It kept making serious mistakes in forecasting.
C It kept lowering down the world energy consumption.
D It kept increasing the oil prices.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

根据题干中IEA这一线索，发现原文第三段第一句有相关信息“But it did increase its estimated overall demand by 750,000 barrels a day…”即“据它估计，全部需求量将每天上调750,000桶”，由此可见，选项a的说法与之相符，是正确答案。

注意：掌握意义相近词组的替换。

如原文increase…by与选项中revising…upwards意思相近。

第18题
Compared with this year, the estimated world oil growth for 2005
will__________.
A be 84 million more barrels per day
B increase by 2.5%
C be up 2.53 million barrels per day
D be up 1.8 million barrels per day
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
数字信息的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求，找到原文相关信息处“Growth will moderate in 2005 to 2.2％，or 1.8 million b／d，at 84 million b／d.”即“2005年世界需求量将适度上涨2.2％，即每天上涨一百八十万桶，达到每天八千四百万桶”，由此可见，选项d的说法是正确的。

注意：正确排除干扰的数字信息，找出正确答案。

第19题
Which of the following is true about China?
A The oil demand growth in the second quarter is 12.3%.
B Restrictions on trucking and economic growth will help reduce the oil demand.
C Extra refining capacity is also under tight control.
D The oil demand in the third quarter will fall by 9%.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节的找寻和判断。

根据题干要求，发现原文相关信息处为最后一段最后一句“…China where restrictions on trucking and economic growth could push down demand…”，可知“中国对货车运输业和经济增长的限制可能会使需求走低，由此可见，选项b的说法与原文相符，是正确的答案。

注意：掌握同义词的替换。

原文中push down与选项中reduce意思相同。

第20题
Which of the following is NOT the reason for the slowdown of world oil demand?
A The cooling down of the Chinese economy.
B Weaker growth of U.S. economy.
C Inflation.
D Uncertainty about Japan's rebound.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：2.0分
【答案解析】
因果关系的判断。

根据题意可知原文第一段相关信息处，第一句“World oil demand is slowing down led by weaker economic growth in the U.S. and China…”显然，选项a和b的说法是正确的；日本的情况与前两个国家相仿“Japan's rebound is cast in doubt…”与选项d说法相符；而通货膨胀的问题，仅在说明为何日本经济反弹蒙上阴影时提及，而对全球石油需求并不相干，因此选项c的说法与原文不符，该项是正确答案。

注意：通过信号词正确判断因果关系。

文中第一句中的led by直接将美国和中国的情况与石油需求减少形成因果关系；而第一段最后一句中的as将通货膨胀与日本情况挂钩，因此根据这一因果关系的判断，可迅速解题。

三、Part Ⅳ（本大题1小题．每题40.0分，共40.0分。

Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 minutes to finish you English summary at the end of the rec ）
第1题
【正确答案】：
答案:
Many people believe mat the news is biased in favor of one point of view. During the 1996 presidential campaign, Bob Dole often charged that the press was against him. "Annoy the Media-Elect Dole" became one of his favorite lines. The charge that the media have a liberal bias has become a familiar one in American politics, and there is some limited evidence to support it. A lengthy study by the Los Angeles Times in the mid-1980s found that reporters were twice as likely to call themselves liberal as the general public. A1992 survey of 1,400 journalists found that 44 percent identified themselves as Democrats, compared to just 16 percent who said they were Republicans.
However, there is little reason to believe that journalists' personal attitudes sway their reporting of the news. The vast majority of social science studies have found that reporting is not systematically biased toward a particular ideology or party. Most stories are presented in a "point/counterpoint" format in which two opposing points of view (such as liberal versus conservative) are presented, and the audience is left to draw its own conclusions. A number of factors explain why the news is typically characterized by such political neutrality. Most reporters
strongly believe in journalistic objectivity, and those who practice it best are usually rewarded by their editors. In addition, media outlets have a direct financial stake in attracting viewers and subscribers and do not want to lose their audience by appearing biased — especially when multiple versions of the same story are readily available. It seems paradoxical to say the competition produces uniformity, but this often happens in the news business.
To conclude that the news contains little explicit partisan or ideological bias is not to argue that it does not distort reality in its coverage. Ideally, the news should mirror reality; in practice there are far too many possible stories for this to be the case. Journalists must choose which stories to cover and to what degree. The overriding bias is toward stories that will draw the largest audience. Surveys show that people are most fascinated by stories with conflict, violence, disaster, or scandal. Good news is unexciting; bad news has the drama that brings in big audiences.
Television is particularly biased toward stories that generate good pictures. Seeing a talking head (a shot of a person's face talking directly to the camera) is boring; viewers will switch channels in search of more interesting visual stimulation. For example, during an unusually contentious and lengthy interview of George Bush by Dan Rather concerning the Iran-Contra scandal, CBS's ratings actually went down as people tired of watching two talking heads argue for an extended period of time. A shot of ambassadors squaring off in a fistfight at the United Nations, on the other hand, will increase the ratings. Such a scene was shown three times in one day on CBS. Not once, though, was the cause of the fight discussed. Network practices like these have led observers such as Lance Bennett to write that "the public is exposed to a world driven into chaos by seemingly arbitrary and mysterious forces."
[本题分数]： 40.0 分
【答案解析】
本题要求就所听材料写综述，那么在听的过程中理清文章主要结构是必要的。

具体操作手段是先根据所听的内容判断全文的重心所在，以确定框架性内容，即高分词汇部分，此外，综述中还应根据情况补充与框架结构相关的支持性细节，即细节词汇部分，使综述得以详尽。

本文主要讨论新闻记者的见解是否具有偏见。

文章首先提出一个很多人都认可的观点，即新闻报道具有偏见，并佐以1996年美国总统竞选要人的言论来支持此观点。

但随后，文章提出自己的观点，认为没有什么理由认为记者的个人态度会左右其对新闻的报道，并从记者本人、编辑和受众多重角度进行了详尽的分析。

但是文章也认为记者也会歪曲事实真相，电视报道尤为如此，当然文章也对此进行了详尽的说明和分析，最后文章引用权威人士的话总结，大众处于一个混乱的世界中，这个世界充斥着主观臆断和神秘的力量。