纳米比亚政府新政禁止采矿权全部转让外国投资者

Vol.29No.1Feb.，
2021
42vibration ，high stress and high temperature seriously affect people ’s health.In order to protect the life health and personal safety of operators ，improve the efficiency of mine operation and increase the economic benefits of mine ，the intelligent mining technology of metal mine has been developed rapidly.The research on the automation of LHD has been carried out for more than 30years ，but the commercial system which has not fully realized the automatic loading can not be put into use.Because the shoveling is a dynamic and non-linear process ，it is difficult to predict the change ，which is the difficulty to realize the autonomous loading of LHD.In order to realize the full-automatic operation of LHD ，this paper systematically studied the status quo and development trend of autonomous shoveling and loading of underground LHD ，comprehensively summarized the three aspects of environmental perception and modeling ，bucket trajectory control and automatic weighing ，and analyzed the research status and shortcomings of its key technologies.The research results show that the environmental perception and modeling in the process of shoveling is mainly to establish the three-dimensional model of ore heap ，and single type of sensor has prehensive use of the advantages of each sensor ，information complementary and optimal combination can be realized.The interaction process between bucket and ore has the characteristics of dynamic change and non-linear ，and the bucket trajectory control based on force is suitable for uniform medium ，so it is difficult to apply in actual production.Reinforcement learning is widely used in the field of automatic control ，through self-learning and adaptive environment to complete the operation task.The automatic weighing system can measure the effective load of the bucket and adjust the state of the ore in the bucket to prevent the ore from falling.There is a big gap in the research on the automatic weighing system at home and pared with foreign countries ，the automatic weighing technology in China is relatively backward ，at the same time ，the automatic weighing technology is mostly used in the ground loader ，less in the underground.At present ，there is also a big gap between China and foreign countries in the research of self loading technology of underground scraper.Strengthening cooperation in related fields and carrying out field test of LHD are the key points to promote the development of LHD in China.
Key words ：underground LHD ；automatic loading ；perceptual modeling ；trajectory control ；weighing system ；artificial intelligence
纳米比亚政府新政禁止采矿权
全部转让外国投资者
纳米比亚政府3月3日宣布，从4月1日起，采
矿许可证持有人将不能够把其全部权益转让给外
国投资者，至少保留15%的资产权益。

此项新政用
以鼓励更多纳米比亚人参与开采该国矿产资源，并
打击对采矿权的投机行为。

事实上，一些当地投资者对采矿并不感兴趣，
获取勘探许可证，只是为了能够将其转让给出价最
高的人，来赚更多的钱。

长期以来，南部非洲的几个国家规定，在本国经营的外国矿业公司需要聘请当地人任管理层。

纳米比亚在2018年底前，也是要求获得勘探许可证的外国公司必须聘请至少20%的纳米比亚人担任管理层。

后来由于阻碍投资，这项规定被废除。

根据弗雷泽研究所分析报告，纳米比亚在非洲矿业政策方面2019年排名第1名，而2020年下降到第5位，世界排名从第14位下降到第47位。

这主要是由于对“监管不一致”的担忧增加。

（来源：全球地质矿产信息网）。