浙江省台州市蓬街私立中学高二英语--概要写作技能训练(含答案)

高二下学期期末复习资料《概要写作》
第一节归纳主旨大意
将350词以内的文本浓缩成60词左右的概要, 需要一个过程。

它大致是从文本整体的理解到各部分的概括再到整体的合成。

首先, 我们需要整体阅读文本, 归纳主旨大意。

【有缘初识】
, 回答导学问题。

1. 该短文的主题是________.
A. shopping
B. advertising
C. undercover
D. marketing
2.在A同学的概要中, 与该主题不吻合的句子是_________________.
You are in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at the sweater. You listen to the conversation.
“I can't b elieve it--a Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful? And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”
They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It's nice and the price is right. You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.
Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover(暗中影响的) marketing.
Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don’t pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation--consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t trust ads.
So advertising agencies hire young actors "perform" in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this Practice deceptive, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. "Look at the traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.” However, one mig ht ask what "real " is exactly about if young women pretend to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say it's no less real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. While you don't know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.
某同学写的概要:
① Some attractive women say a Lorenzo Bertolla is beautiful but cheap, and you buy it. ②Actually these stylish people are employed by advertising agencies to do undercover marketing, which aims at people who don’t trust ads. ③Although, in some advertising executives’ opinion, it is creative and effective, undercover marketing is blamed for the performance which you are unaware of.
1. 议论和说明性文体通常围绕某个主题( topic/ subject)展开。

2. 概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题, 进而提取主旨大意, 即有关该主题的
主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。

这一过程被称为归纳主旨大意。

3. 归纳主旨大意, 是为了整体上把握语篇要义, 有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。

【名师导学】
一. 阅读A、B、C三个段落,回答导学问题
1. 请用下划线在各段标出含有本段主旨大意的句子。

2. 请分析这三个句子与所在段落中其他句子间的关系, 并举例说明
A
Many things may make you angry. You may get angry when something doesn’t go your way. Maybe you get mad at yourself when you don’t understand your homework or when your team loses an important game. Maybe your teacher gave you too much homework. Or maybe a friend borrowed your favorite video game and then broke it. That made you angry！
B
Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows "everything" may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.
C
What is Standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as Standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is Standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
1.议论和说明性文体时常含有概括全段主要内容的句子, 即段落主旨句(top sentence)
2.段落主旨句作为段落的核心句子, 受到段落中其他句子的支撑, 即其他句子为段落主旨句提供支持性细节。

3.受英语开门见山、直切主题的表达特点的影响, 段落主旨句多在段首。

少数主旨句可能出现在段中或段尾。

二、请阅读下面这个段落以及三位同学给出的段落主旨句, 回答导学问题
3.哪位同学给出的段落主旨句比较合理? 为什么?
So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when
cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in England between
about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on
German than the English we speak at present. Then gradual between about AD 800 and 1150
English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later
French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by
the 1600s, Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620
some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century, some British people were
taken to Australia, too. English began to be spoken in both countries.
三位同学给出的段落主旨句:
同学1: Why has English changed over time?
同学 2: All languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.
同学3: English changes as its culture meets and communicates with that of another.
1. 不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句, 有的段落主旨句需要你根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。

2. 归纳主旨大意时, 既要回答“这段落关于什么?( What is the paragraph about?)” 以抓住段落的主题
( topic/. subject), 又要回答“作者就该主题写了什么? ( What is said about the subject ?)” 以提炼出有关该主题的主要内容或作者就该主题。

提出的观点和主张。

三、阅读以下短文，回答导学问题。

4. 第一段的主旨向是第一句还是最后一句? 请说明理由。

5. 以下哪句比较好地归纳了该短文的主旨大意? 请说明理由。

A. Although prevention is believed to be beneficial, more attention is given to heart surgeries
than prevention programs.
B. Although heart surgery can help a large number of people who are suffering
from heart disease, it has some disadvantages.
One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day
die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets and by paying more attention to reducing stress in their work.
However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U.S. health care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的)) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result had been a huge increase in heart surgery.
Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery--even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary--because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100, 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.
1. 确定段落主旨句时,还应该兼顾语篇大背景, 即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨, 将段落主旨纳入
语篇主旨的架构中。

2. 概括段落大意时, 要在理清句与句之间关系的基础上抓住贯穿全段的中心意思。

3. 有时候, 段落第一句(和前几句)只是起到导入话题或过渡衔接的作用, 而不是作为段落主旨句起到统领的
作用。

4. 归纳全文主旨大意时, 需要理清段与段之间的关系, 尤其关注段落之间的连接词和过渡句, 以便更好地抓
住贯穿全文的中心意思。

5. 有时候, 第一段(或前几段)只是起到导入话题的作用, 和全文主旨没有直接关系。

【先试为快】
请阅读下面短文, 并运用本节有关主旨大意归纳的微技能, 完成文后学习任务。

You are in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at the sweater. You listen to the conversation.
“I can't believe it--a Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful? And it’s a lot c heaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”
They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It's nice and the price is right. You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So you buy it. You never realize that those
young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.
Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover(暗中影响的) marketing.
Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don’t pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation--consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t trust ads.
So advertising agencies hire young actors "perform" in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this Practice deceptive, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. "Look at the traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.” However, one might ask what "real " is exactly about if young women pretend to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say it's no less real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. While you don't know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.
1. 最后一段的主旨句是第一句吗?为什么?
2. 如果不是, 请画出本段主旨句或归纳出本段的主旨大意。

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 前三段和本文其他段落是什么关系?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 请归纳出本文的主旨大意。

_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
【练能生巧】
阅读下面短文, 运用已学的微技能完成短文后的学习任务。

In the past 30 years, Americans' consumption of restaurant and take-out food has doubled.
The result, according to many health watchdog groups, is an increase in overweight and obesity. Almost 60 million Americans are obese, costing $117 billion each year in health care and related costs. Members of Congress have decided they need to do something about the obesity problem. A bill was recently introduced in the House that would require restaurants with 20 or more locations to list the nutritional content of their food on their menus.
Our legislators (立法者) point to the trend of restaurants’ marketing larger meals at attractive prices. People order these meals believing that they are getting a great value, but what they are also getting could be, in one meal, more than the daily recommended allowances of ca lories, fat and sodium. The question is, would people stop “supersizing” or make other healthier choices if they knew the nutritional content of the food they’re ordering? Lawmakers think they would, and the gravity of the obesity problem has caused them to act to change menus.
The restaurant industry isn’t happy about the new bill. Arguments against it include the fact that diet alone is not the reason for America’s obesity. A lack of adequate exercise is also to blame. In addition, many fast food chains already post nutritional information on their websites, or on posters located in their restaurants.
Those who favor the MEAL Act, and similar legislation, say in response that we must do all we can to help people maintain a healthy weight. While the importance of exercise is undeniable, the quantity and quality of what we eat must be changed. They believe that if we want consumers to make better choices when they eat out, nutritional information must be provided where they are selecting their food. Consumers are not likely to have memorized the calorie counts they may have looked up on the Internet, nor are they going to leave their tables, or a line, to check out a poster that might be on the opposite side of the restaurant.
(362 words)
归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)
Paragraph 1: _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3: _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4: _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【小试牛刀】
完成上面这篇文章的概要写作
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【反思总结】
回顾以上学习本节微技能的过程, 并总结自己学到的有关该微技能的要点。

1. 主旨大意是什么?对于概要写作而言, 它起到什么作用?
2. 如何归纳主旨大意?
3.学完该微技能, 我__________________________________________________________
答案：
第一节归纳主旨大意
【有缘初识】
1.该短文的主题是C
2.在A同学的概要中,与该主题不吻合的句子是第1句
【名师导学】
1. 含有段落主旨大意的句子分别是:
A 段: Many things may make you angry.
B 段: It is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.
C 段: There is no such thing as Standard English.
2. 这三个句子与段落中其他句子间的关系: 其他句子都围绕这几个句子展开, 都是支持它们
的细节。

比如:A段的第2、3、4、5句共用5个细节支持主题句中的 many things,它们分别是:
something doesn't go your way;
you don t understand your homework;
your team loses an important game;
your teacher gave you too much homework;
a friend borrowed your favorite video game and then broke it.
3. 同学3所归纳的主旨句比较合理。

同学1选择段落第1句“ Why has English changed over time?” 作为主旨句。

虽然段落首句
往往是段落主旨句, 而且该段a落确实围绕这个问题展开, 但它只提出了本段的主题( topic/
subject), 即“为什么英语随着时间的变化而变化”, 而没有就此主题给出观点或主张,也就是说它没有回答“为什么英语随着时间的变化而变化”。

所以将它作为本段主旨句是不合理的。

同学2选择段落的第2句“ All languages change and develop when cultures meet and
communicate with each other.” 作为主旨句, 这句话就所有语言变化发展的原因给出了观点,虽然也包括英语变化发展的原因, 但本段的主题是“为什么英语随着时间的变化而变化”, 所以它的范围太大, 作为本段主旨句是不合理的。

同学3将这两句予以整合, 把主旨句概括为“ English changes as its culture meets and
communicates with that of another.”, 既提出了本段的主题,又归纳了作者就该主题题提出的观点。

4. 第一段的主旨句应该是最后一句
理由如下：
虽然本段第2和和第3句都是支持第1句的细节, 但放眼整个文本可知, 本文的主题是
“prevention of heart disease”, 而不是“ heart disease”; 文本第2段的第1句正是用“however”引
出了本文的主题; 第1段的第1至3句句只是指出了“ heart disease”的严重性,从而带读者进入本文的话题,即“ prevention of heart disease”。

5. A句更好地归纳了短文的主旨大意
理由如下:
本文三个段落的主旨大意分别是:
Medical experts believe the key to protecting people from heart disease is prevention.
Instead of supporting prevention programs, more emphasis is laid on treatment of the
disease.
The emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages.
A句整合了这三段的主旨大意,且把重点放在本文的主题“ prevention of heart disease”上;
而B句把重点放在了“ heart surgery”的“disadvantages'”上, 没有涵盖所有段落的主旨大意。

【先试为快】
1. 最后一段的主旨句不是第一句。

第一句的作用是承接上文,小结“ undercover marketing”。

从第二句开始, 梳理各句的主干
“ Some people might call this practice…,but …Jonathan Ressler calls it…. However, one might ask... Advertising execu tives would say it’s …The difference is that….”可以发现,这段的主旨大意是不同人对“ undercover marketing”的不同看法。

2.本段主旨大意可归纳为: This new way of advertising has now become a controversy.
3.前三段是一个假想的典型事例,目的是导入本文话题。

其他段落则是围绕本文话题展开
陈述。

因此, 前三段和本文其他段落都服务于本文中心, 但是两者之间没有直接的关系。

4. 本文的主旨大意: Many companies are employing undercover marketing to promote
sales. in which actors are hired to pretend to be customers and to attract those around them to
buy the products. This new way of advertising has now become a controversy.
【练能生巧】
全文主旨大意: Opinions divide on the MEAL Act aimed at overweight problems.
各段主旨大意:
Paragraph 1: A bill was recently introduced in the House that would require restaurants
with 20 or more locations to list the nutritional content of their food on their menus.
Paragraph 2: Lawmakers think people would stop eating the larger meals and make other
healthier choices if they knew the nutritional content of the food.
Paragraph 3: The restaurant industry isn't happy about the new bill.
Paragraph 4: Those who favor the MEAL Act believe that nutritional information must be
provided where they are selecting their food.
【小试牛刀】
One possible version
To deal with the overweight problems, American legislators introduced a MEAL Act, (要点1) requesting restaurants to list the nutritional content of their food on their menus(要点 2)and stop offering the larger meals. ( 要点3) The restaurant industry is against the bill, arguing that menus are not the only cause of overweight. (要点 4) However, the supporters insist menus make nutritional information available for customers. (要点 5) (59 words)
第二节筛选支持信息
通过归纳主旨大意,你提炼了语篇与段落的主旨。

为了让读者在不读原文的前提下透彻且
全面地了解原文信息,有必要选择相关信息支持你所提炼的语篇与段落的主旨。

【有缘初识】
以下是某同学根据某文本的主旨大意找出的各段落主旨句。

请阅读这些主旨句,回答导学问题
导学问题
1.哪个段落主旨句归纳了全文的主旨大意?
2、支持全文主旨大意的段落主旨句是
3.在没有相关信息支撑的情况下,你能否充分理解这些主旨向的含义? 如果不能,请在你不理解的主旨句序号上打问号,并圈出你不理解的词。

1.But do you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to?
2.Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body
3.Liars tend not to use contractions.(缩写)
4.Often when a person is lying,they do not want to continue talking about their lie.
5.But,if you think someone is lying,you might want to try some of these techniques.
【名师点拨】
段落主旨句浓缩了段落的关键信息
部分段落主旨句可能因浓缩而变得笼统或抽象,使读者不能充分理解原作者
要表达的意思,如句2中的“what they do with their body"”和句3中的“use
contractions”。

3.有必要在段落中挑选个别信息支持该主旨句, 以便读者充分理解。

名师导学
下面是上述文本的第二段。

请阅读该段落,回答导学问题
导学问题
1.请给主旨句以外的句子标上序号。

用分隔号“「”把这些句子分成若干部分,并在边上写上你的划分依据
为了更好地让读者理解本段主旨句,你选择哪个部分作为相关信息支持本段主旨句?为什么?
Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body.Sometimes
a person who is lying will not look you in the eye.Other times the person who is lying will try to
look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.If
someone does either of these two things they might be lying.Liars may also touch their face,ears
or the back of their neck.Another thing a liar might do is turn their head away from you when
talking.They also might put objects,such as glasses,books,or papers in front of themselves。

【名师点拨】
1.为了让读者更好地明白段落主旨句的含义,作者会提供相关信息支持主旨句, 我们把含
有支持信息的句子称为支持句。

段落主旨句之外的句子基本上都是支持句。

2.从含义的角度看,这些支持句并非表达同一个意思。

我们可以根据含义将支持句予以区分,
多个表达同一个意思的支持句组成一个支持句群。

支持句中的衔接过渡词可以帮助我们判断它们所表达意思的异同
3.在作者看来,不同的支持句或支持句群所表达的支持信息并非同等重要。

这可以从支持句或
支持句群的先后顺序、内容详略等来判断。

二、请阅读下面这位同学所选择的支持信息及其理由,回答导学问题。

导学问题
4.这位同学所选择的支持信息及其理由是否正确? 为什么?
同学观点
我选择该段落的第5句“Liars may also touch their face,ears or the back of their neck.”作为支持
信息,因为这个句子比较简短,符合概要写作的要求。

【名师点拨】
筛选支持信息时,先不要考虑原支持句(群)的长度,因为不管原支持句(群)长短,接下来都得
对原句进行压缩与改写
【先试为快】
阅读以下段落,找出该段主旨句,运用上述微技能为该主旨句选择合适的支持信息,并说明理由。

Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you,so it is
important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning.If you want people to
take you seriously,then wearing navy blue or black is good.Blue would also be helpful for an
interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm.Red gets you
noticed by everyone and makes you feel energetic,but be careful,as it can raise your pulse rate
and not everyone wants this effect.
1.该段的主旨句是
理由是
2.合适的支持信息是
理由是
【拓展提升】
下面是两篇不同文章的段落主旨句和其中一个段落的支持句(括号中)。

请阅读并回答导学
问题
导学问题
1.根据各篇的主旨句及它们之间的关系,你认为这两篇短文的结构有何不同?
2.你选择哪个/些支持句(群)作为B篇第3个主旨句的支持信息? 为什么?
A
But do you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to?
2.Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body
(Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eye.Other times the person who is
lying will try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the
truth.If someone does either of these two things they might be lying.Liars may also touch their face
ears or the back of their neck.Another thing a liar might do is turn their head away from you when
talking.They also might put objects,such as glasses,books,or papers in front of themselves.)
3.Liars tend not to use contractions
4.Often when a person is lying.they do not want to continue talking about their lie
5.But,if you think someone is lying,you might want to try some of these techniques
B
1.At Present,traffic jam has become a major problem which most city dwellers have to face.
2.Therefore,traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars.
3.Undoubtedly,traffic jam must be,and can be dealt with properly by correct means
(In my view,spending more money on public transportation systems may be an effective
means.Needless to say,policies which encourage people to put these systems to full use,for
example,giving certain subsidies(补贴),are necessary.In the meantime,measures to restrict
the use of private cars,such as improving the taxes on cars or petrol,should be taken.)
【名师点拔】
1.说明和议论性文章最常见的结构是总分式和递进/并列式
2.总分式结构有三种:“总分”“总分总”和“分总”。

在这种结构的文章中,全文主旨大意是第一层
次信息,各段落主旨大意是第二层次信息,支撑各段落主旨大意的信息是第三层次信息。

其中,
第一、二层次信息必须作为主要信息(major facts)写入概要,而第三层次信息作为次要信息(minor facts),可视需要筛选后写入概要,以帮助读者更好地理解主旨。

3.递进或并列式文章中的各段落主旨大意并列为第一层次信息,各段落大意的支持句提供第二
层次信息,它们都属于主要信息(major facts),必须将它们写入概要,而无须筛选。

4.如果各次要信息(minor facts)之间没有太大主次之分,可以选择你认为你最容易压缩与概括的信息写入概要。

【练能生巧】
请阅读下面短文,并运用已学的微技能完成短文后的学习任务。

The final bell rings.it's the last day of school,and summer has finally come!Students don't have to think
about school for another2months.That is the way it should always be. Schools
should continue using the traditional calendar and not a yearround schedule,which has the
following disadvantages.
Contrary to the well-accepted belief,year-round schooling has no constructive effects on
education.Most year-round schedules use the45-15method:45days of school followed by15
days off.Because of this,there are many first and last days of school And the breaks interrupt
the learning process.Also,there is no evidence of higher test scores
Like any other facility,keeping a school open requires a great deal of money.Keeping
school open in the middle of summer requires air conditioning,and that adds significantly te
the school's expenses Besides,teachers must be paid for all the weeks they are working.For
example,a high school in Arizona had a cost increase of S157,000when they switched to year-round schooling. S ome schools may not be able to handle such increases, and other school that
can handle these expenses could be doing better things with the money.
An important part of a child's life is summertime.with year-round schedules,students
would hardly have any time to relax.During the15-day breaks,they would be always thinking
about their quick return to school.They would not be able to go to most summer camps.One
expert,Dr.Peter Scales,says,"The biggest plus of camp is that camps help young people
discover and explore their talents,interests,and values.Most schools dont satisfy all these
needs.Kids who have these kinds of experiences end up being healthier and have fewer problems."
Obviously,the summer is very important to a child's learning and development.
It is evident that year-round schooling is not the best choice for the school calendar.There
is absolutely nothing wrong with the traditional school year.Why change something that works
so well?The final bell rings.Let’s make sure this bell means that the"real"summer vacation
(371words)
1.归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)：
2.筛选支持信息：
【反思总结】
请回顾以上学习过程,总结有关本节微技能的要点并做简要反思。

1.什么是支持信息?为什么要提供支持信息?
2.如何筛选支持信息?如何区分“major facts”和“minor facts”
3.学完该微技能,我________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
小试牛刀
答案：
第二节筛选支持信息
【有缘初识
1.全文的主旨大意是:第1句,即第一个段落的主旨句。

2.支持全文主旨大意的段落主旨句是:第2至4句。

3.略
【名师导学】
1.主旨句以外的句子序号见下文。

2.句子划分见下文。

划分依据如下
1)句子的含义或关键词,如第一部分都是讲“眼神”,关键词是“not look you in the eye”或“look at you
in a strong way”;
2)句子中的衔接过渡词,如“also”“another”等
3.我选择第一个部分作为相关信息支持本段主旨句。

因为作者把该部分作为第一个支持信息;并且,和其他部分相比,该部分的内容相对详细。

这个在作者看来相对突出的信息足以支持主旨句。

Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body.
(1)Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eye.(2)Other times the person who is
lying will try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling
he truth.(3)If someone does either of these two things they might be lying.(4)Liars may also
touch their face,ears or the back of their neck.(5)another thing a liar might do is turn their
head away from you when talking.(6)they also might put objects,such as glasses,books,or
papers in front of themselves
4.这位同学所选择的支持信息及其理由是不正确的的。

因为该支持句虽然比较短,但和支打
句群1比较,它提供的支持信息相对次要。

【先试为快】
1.该段的主旨句是:第一句,即“Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how
others react to you,so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the
morning.”。

理由是:本段主要介绍不同颜色的服装影响着装人心情和别人的反应,后面用具体
例子说明颜色如何影响着装人的心情和别人的反应,这些都是支持第1句的信息。

2.合适适的支持信息是:蓝色对着装人和别人的影响。

理理由是:该段的支持句可以分为两个
支持句(群)。

第一个支持句(群)由“If you want people to take you seriously,then wearing navy
blue or black is good.Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it
relaxes you and makes you feel calm.”这两个句子组成,主要说明蓝色的影响;本段最后一个句子
Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you feel energetic,but be careful,as it can raise
your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effect.”为第二个支持持句(群),主要说明红色的影响
因为作者把蓝色的影响写在前面,并且用了两个句子写它的影响,因此把蓝色对着装人和别人的影响作为支持信息
【拓展提升】
1.根据各篇的主旨句及它们之间的关系,我认为这两篇短文在结构方面的区别如下
A篇是总分式结构。

第2至第4这这三个段落的主旨句本身就是支撑全文主旨句(主旨句1)
的主要支持信息(major facts),而第2个主旨句后的信息是供选择的次要支持信息(minor
facts)。

B篇是递进式结构(是什么一为什么一怎么做)。

第4个主旨句后面的信息支撑该主旨句,是
解释“怎么做”的主要支持信息
2.B篇第3个主旨句的支持信息和选择理
该段有两个支持句(群),支持句(群)1“In my view,spending more money on public
transportation systems may be an effective means.Needless to say,polices which encourage
people to put these systems to full use,for example,giving certain subsidies(补贴),are
necessary.”,支持句(群)2“In the meantime,measures to restrict the use of private cars:such as
proving the taxes on cars or petrol,should be taken.”。

这两个支持句(群)都是支撑该段主旨
句(Undoubtedly,traffic jam must be,and can be dealt with properly by correct means.)的
major facts”。

因此,这两个支持句(群)所提供的信息都为主要支持信息,不用筛选,而是直接于
以压缩和改写
【练能生巧】
1.全文主旨大意
第1段最后一句“Schools should continue using the tradit1onal calendar and not a yea
round schedule,which has the following disadvantages
各段主旨大意
Paragraph1:Schools should continue using the traditional calendar and not a year-round
schedule,which has the following disadvantages
Paragraph2:Contrary to the well-accepted belief,year-round schooling has noconstructive effects
on education
Paragraph3:Like any other facility,keeping a school open requires a great deal of money
Paragraph4:With year-round schedules,students would hardly have any time to relax
Paragraph5:It is evident that year-round schooling is not the best choice for the school calendar.
2.本文为总分结构,第2至4段的主旨句是支持全文主旨大意(第1段主旨句)的支持句,是
major facts,这几段的段落支持句是minor facts。